Workshop on sharing best practices with conducting TNAs Bangkok, Thailand, 27-29 June 2007
description
Transcript of Workshop on sharing best practices with conducting TNAs Bangkok, Thailand, 27-29 June 2007
Workshop on sharing best practices with conducting TNAsBangkok, Thailand, 27-29 June 2007
The lessons learned and best practices with conducting the
TNA of Viet Nam
Mr. Nguyen Mong Cuong
Research Center for Climate Change
and Sustainable Development
Outlines
1. Introduction
2. Technology needs assessment processes
3. Some lessons learned
Conclusion
1. Introduction Viet Nam (8º27-23º23 N and 102º08-109º30 E)
with the land area of 330,990 km2 located in Southeast Asia.
Three quarters of the land is mountainous and hills with the elevation mostly from 100 to 1000m.
The population of Viet Nam was 77,6 million (2000) with average annual growth rate of 1.36%
It is predominantly an agricultural country with 74% of its population are involved in agriculture, 7.4 million ha of agricultural lands.
The forest areas are 9.3 million ha, forest coverage increases from 27% in 1991 to 33.2% in 2000.
The average annual GDP growth rate was 7.5% during 1990-2004. GDP per capita (2004) 560 USD
Sectoral contribution to GDP (2000):Industry: 36.7%Services: 38.7%Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing: 24.5%
Ministry o f natural resourc es and environment
o f viet nam UNEP/GEF project "Viet Nam: Expedited financing for measures for capacity
building in priority areas (phase II)"
Technical report on the identification and assessment of technology needs for GHG emission reduction and climate change
adaptation in Viet Nam
Ha Noi, November 2005
1. Introduction (Cont’.)
Viet Nam ratified UNFCCC on 16 November 1994 and Kyoto Protocol on 25 September 2002.
MONRE was assigned by the GOV as a national authority for implementation of the UNFCCC & KP.
INC has been submitted to UNFCCC on 2003; under phase II of INC project “The technical report on identification and assessment of technology needs for GHG emission reduction and climte change adaptation in Viet Nam“ has been submitted on 2005
2. Technology Needs Assessment processes
The Project “Expedited financing for measures for capacity building in priority areas in Viet Nam (Phase II)”
• This project is a follow-up to the Initial National Communication project
• The Implementing Organization: International Cooperation Department (ICD) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
• Duration: July 2004 – September 2005• The objective of the project: enhance capacity and
maintain the efforts to access and disseminate information related to climate change technologies.
Three types of activity are required
for effective TNA
1. Institutional arrangements for stakeholder engagement
2. TNA assessment processes3. Implementation actions
The institutional arrangement of INC Phase II project management
Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment
International Cooperation Department
(ICD)
Climate Change Country Team
Climate Change Project
Managers
Secretariat Staff Technical Expert Team
GHG inventory
Group
Mitigation Group
V &AGroup
Identified a list of stakeholders who will sustain the implementation process
Organization Sub - bodies Role
MONRE
International Cooperation Dept. National Focal Point Agency
National Environment Agency Environment monitoring
Environment Dept. Environment management
Dept. of Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology management
National HMS Climate change monitoring
MOIDept. of Energy & Petroleum Energy, RE management
Dept. of Science&Technology EE & ES management
MOSTDept. of Science&Technology of industry Science&Technology development in Industry
Dept. of Science&Technology of Agriculture & forestry
Science&Technology development in Agriculture &Forestry
MPI Dept. of Science, Technology, Education and Environment Project validation
MOFA Dept. of International organizations Focal Point of foreign policies
MOF Dept. of International Cooperation Financing policies, fund, finance incentives
MARD Dept. of AgricultureDept. of Forestry Agriculture, forestry and rural development
MOTDept. of Science &Technology Environment management in transport
Vietnam Register Gases pollution control of transport means
Provinces and cities Local management
Identified sector industries, associations, and distributors involved Enterprises Sub bodies Role
State owned at National level
ENV
Dept. of Science& Technology New tech. introduction
Regional Companies Elec. Transmission and distribution
Dispatching Center Data
Power plants End users
Cement Corporation
Dept. of Science&Technology New tech. introduction
Cement plants End users
VINA SteelDept. of Science&Technology New tech. introduction
Steels plants End users
VINACoalDept. of Science&Technology New tech. introduction
Coal mines End users
PetroVietnamDept. of Science&Technology New tech. introduction
Petro companies End users
VINA PaperDept. of Science&Technology New tech. introduction
Paper & pulp Mills End users
Identified sector industries, associations, and distributors involved (cont’)
Enterprises Sub bodies Role
Other Entities
Provincial level Companies End users
Private sectors
- Domestic companies
- Foreign invested companies
- Joint venture companies
End users
Finance
- State banks
- Private and foreign banks
- Funds
Financing
Foreign
counterparts
- Carbon funds
- Investors
- Carbon buyers
Co-project developers
Criteria for technology needs assessmentCode Key criteria Sub- criteria Criteria content
A Environment protection
A1. GHG reduction potential
The study is specialized in GHG reduction technologies
A2. Local environment quality
Reduction of solid waste, liquid waster and air pollution
A3. Biodiversity and resource conservation
Mineral, water, land, forest and bio- resources
B Economic development
B1. Initial investment Specific investment - Low investment per product
B2. Payback period High IRR
B3. Low O&M cost and intensive
National circumstance
C Good social impacts
C1. Good impacts to socioeconomic- development of locals
Improving local education, health care, job creation, poverty reduction, etc.
C2. Less barrier on prevalence practice, psychology
Good public acceptance and participation
C3. Contributions to science & technology capacity
Better tech. transfer, localization, manpower development.
D Technology Development
D1. Advanced but established tech.
Mature commercialization. No second hand and high adaptability
D2. Appropriate tech ( but established)
Effective deployment, O&M, exploitation
D3. Up scaling tech. Easy apply and dissemination
Key priorities sectors for technology
needs Sectors Sub-sector’s activities
1. Energy production and refining of
fuel ( including power generation)
1. Energy production; 2. Energy transmission and distribution; 3. Production, refining, storage and
transportation of oil and gas; 4. Fugitive gas and gas recover; 5. Renewable energy application
2. Industry 1. Ferric and non-ferric metallurgy; 2. Building materials production; 3. Ore-free mineral products; 4. Chemical
industry; 5. Food industry; 6. Textile
3. Transport Road; Railways; Water transport
4. Household & Service Usage of electrical energy and heat
5. Agriculture 1. Rice cultivasion; 2. Manure management;
3. Residues
6. Forestry 1. Reforestation;
2. Afforestation
No of Technologies reduction GHG emissions have been analyzed
Items SectorsNo. of
technologies
Energy
1.Electricity generation
2.Industry
3.Household and Services
4.Transportation
23
20
9
9
Non-energy
1. Agriculture
2. Forestry
10
14
Priority Technologies identified in the project Energy
1.Solar heating technology 2.Small and medium hydropower 3.Grid-connected biomass-fired for electricity generation 4.High efficiency fire - chamber technologies for coal - fired thermal power plants.5.Combined cycle gas turbines6.Switching from oil, coal fired to gas in the thermal power plants.7.Clean Coal technology8.Oil field associated gas recovery and utilization9.Reduction the electricity loss in transmission and distribution
Industry
1. Change from west to dry process in cement production2. In brick production: Vertical shaft brick kiln; and Dry cellar and tunnel fire one uninterrupted channel in brick production3. BOF exhaust gas recovery device; BOF: basic Oxygen Furnace4. Raw material preheated for electric arc furnace
Household and services
1.Compact lighting technology using compact lamp
2.High energy efficiency air conditioner, EER>10BTU/W
3.Using central air conditioning systems
4. Biogas for cooking and electric generation
Transportation1. Implementing the road map of exhaust gases standards for road transport means
2. Constructing and operating the public railway system
3. Developing the public transport system (bus), limiting the number of motto-scooter/motorcycle in the big cities
4. Using LPG for the transport means in Vietnam
Agriculture
1. Water management from rice field
2. Livestock feed processing and modification
3. Rational application of fertilizer
Forestry
1. Forest conservation, reforestation, afforestation
2. Mechanization of timber processing and logging
3. Forest fire reduction
Some adaptation technologies to Climate change on sectors of Agriculture, Water resources, Coastal zone management has been analyzed, however it is primary and has not comprehensive due to lack of data, information and expertise's.
One Example: GHG reduction technologies in steel production Identification of technologies
Technology Saving Investment Age
1. DC arc furnace use water to cool the furnace wall
5-10% electricity40-50% electrodes Data not avail. 1990
2. High frequency melting furnace 12-13% 1MUS$1000kg/hr 1979
3. Drying and humidity control equipment for refine coke oven
While reduction 1% humidity, saving 18,000Kcal/Tcoal
18MUS$3.2MT/year 1983
4. BOF exhaust gas recovery deviceBOF: Basic Oxygen Furnace 250Mcal/Tsteel 18MUS$
250T/hr 1962
5. Raw material preheated for electric arc furnace 70Mcal/T 8MU$
150T/shief 1981
6. Heating furnace with regenerative burners 10-30% 0.25MUS$/pair 1990
7. Ladle heating apparatus with regenerative burners 56% 1.2MUS$ 1990
8. Energy saving operating electric arc furnace 13% Data not avail. 1980
One Example: GHG reduction technologies in steel production Technology needs Assessment
Technology Tech. parameters 2005-25 accumulated
CO2 reduction of whole sector,
MtCO2eq.
Reduction costUSD/tCO2
Energy saving
Cost Refurbishment Refurbishment
1. BOF exhaust gas recovery device. BOF: basic Oxygen Furnace
80kWh/t 18 MUSD/ 200t per hour 0.991 - 48.6
2. High frequency melting furnace
12.5% 1MUSD/1t per hour 1.084 312.7
3. Raw material preheated for electric arc furnace
70Mcal/t 8MUSD/150t per batch
0.638 - 44.4
4. Drying and humidity control equipment for refine coke oven
306 MCal/t coal
18 MUSD/ 3Mt/year 0.157 8.6
The barriers identified in TNA processes
Items Barriers analysis
Information
Inadequate access to technical and financial information and poor dissemination of information to technology users.Difficulty for small and medium firms to access technology informationInsufficient level of public awareness for intensive activities on CC technology for GHG emission reductionLack of information about potential market of technologies for investors
Technological Inadequate infrastructure, lack of technical standards and supporting institutions, low technical capabilities and technology knowledge base...Lack of technological maintenance.Lack of human resources that can provide consultancy on TNA and technology transfer of climate change adaptation.
Market Lack and absent of technology market on GHG reduction and CC adaptation.
Institutional Inadequate legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks.Insufficient support at the local level for encouraging energy efficient projects, etc.Lack of joint stakeholder networking and planning Poor coordination among donors and within the country
Financial Undeveloped system of environmental funds.Lack of financial, tax and tariff policies on EST transfer project. Deficiency of capital for updating technologies and environmental measures. Lack of involvement of national banks in EST technology transfer.
3.Some lessons learned
+ TNA will be most successful when they focus on technologies and actions that meet national development goals while also responding to climate change concerns, and when implementation actions complement existing development programs.
+ Effective TNA should actively engaged all key stakeholders, including government agencies, businesses, technical institutions, and international partners in the selection of technology priorities and design of actions to overcome barriers to technology implementation.
+ It is necessary to build or strengthen the human, scientific, technical and institutional capacity for identifying, designing, developing, monitoring, evaluating and hosting technological projects, including targeted research projects, for bilateral and multilateral funding
+ The main outputs of the TNA project will be the good and important input of Viet Nam’s SNC project, as expected result a draft action plan framework for the transfer and adoption of ESTs will be prepared during the implementation of SNC
Conclusions
+ TNA help Viet Nam to identify their climate change adaptation technology transfer priorities and develop effective strategies to address them. It can be powerful instruments for focusing the attention of government agencies, the international donor community and private sector investors on a well-defined set of priority activities.
+ Strengthening the technical and financial support on TDT for reducing GHG emission and adaptation to CC from International and donor countries is necessary; and should be as part of commitments by developed countries.
Thank you for your attention !For more information please contact:
Climate Change Project OfficeNo.45 Tue Tinh Street, Ha Noi, Viet NamTel: 844 – 9743195; Fax: 844 – 9743200
Email: [email protected] [email protected]: www.noccop.org.vn