Workshop at 14 March 2015 EJSW: Scientific Writing Skills TRAINER: Dr. Gehan M. A. Mostafa Vice Dean...

Workshop at 14 March 2015 EJSW: Scientific Writing Skills

TRAINER: Dr. Gehan M. A. MostafaVice Dean of Postgraduate & Research Faculty of Nursing, Helwan University

Copyright 2015, Egyptian Journal of Social Worker

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At the end of this workshop the participants should be able to: Identify write of manuscript. Distinguish the anatomy of a research article. Aware with components of an article. Select an title. Determine authorship. Understand steps to research article. Dealing with writer’s block. Respond to reviewers’ comments.

3Copyright 2015, Egyptian Journal of Social Worker

The Egyptian Journal of Social Work (EJSW)


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Introduction

Welcome to EJSW Guide to Reporting Scientific Research! This is a presentation (based off the guidebook), written and distributed by the Egyptian Journal of Social Worker, an international science research journal.

The Egyptian Journal of Social Work (EJSW)

Is a new English International publication of the social work profession in Egypt by the faculty of social work, Helwan University. The IJSW is issued twice a year at January and June.

The journal is striving to provide a best publication refereed for original articles and researches in different fields of the profession social work theory, practice.


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The Egyptian Journal of Social Work (EJSW)The journal focuses on clinical Therapy, group counseling and group

therapy, community work, Management Supervision and Research in the field of Social Work.

The journal is committed to the idea that the social work profession

has to respond to globalization and continuous interactions between all parts of our world, so it permits for all researchers and practitioners around the world to publish their articles for exchanging their knowledge and experiences of social work practice.


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GOALS AND SCOPESJournal goals:•Serve as a medium of expression about scientific thinking between practitioner and academicians of social work around the world.•Facilitate communication and exchanging experiences and scientific knowledge between practitioner and academicians of social work around the world.•Encourage original research in the part of theory and practice of social work.•Assist in raising the standards of professional social work in Egypt and developing countries.


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GOALS AND SCOPES

Journal scopes:•The journal focuses on clinical Therapy, group counseling and group therapy, community work, Management Supervision and Research in the field of Social Work. Including but not limited to:•Interventions with individuals, families and groups.•Social work in different fields of practice disability, schools, mental health…etc.•Community work and community organization


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GOALS AND SCOPESJournal scopes:

•Social Policy and social planning.

•International social work.

•Social work education.

•Social development.

•Interdisciplinary works.


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What is a “paper”?

A scientific paper is a written and published report describing original research results. That short definition must be qualified, however, by noting that a scientific paper must be written in a certain way and it must be published in a certain way, as defined by three centuries of developing tradition, editorial practice, scientific ethics, and the interplay of printing and publishing procedures.


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What is a “paper”?A scientific paper is a paper organized to meet the needs of

valid publication. A scientific paper is, or should be, highly stylized, with

distinctive and clearly evident component parts. Each scientific paper should have, in proper order, its

Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. Any other order will pose hurdles for the reader and probably the writer.

"Good organization is the key to good writing."


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Why write?• Contribute knowledge.

• Get feedback.

• Ensure science rigor.

• Built reputation.


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Essential Parts of a scientific paper

• A. Title; Describe concisely the core contents of the paper, Authors and Affiliations.

• B. Abstract; Summarize the major elements of the paper.

• C. Introduction; Provide context and rationale for the study.

• D. Materials; Describe the experimental design so it is reproducible.

• E. Methods ; Describe experimental procedures.

Anatomy of a Research Article

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• F. Results; Summarize the findings without interpretation.

• G. Discussion; Interpret the findings of the context.

• H. Summary; Summary of the findings of the paper.

• I. Acknowledgments; Give credit to those who helped you.

• J. References; List of all scientific papers that are cited.

Anatomy of a Research Article

Essential Parts of a scientific paper

TitleThe path of getting knowledge.Most widely read components of a paper.(The title/ Last 1-2 sentences of Abstract).

Abstract

proper organization

1. Introduction.

2. Method.

3. Results (past tense) discussion.

4. Final summary.Copyright 2015, Egyptian Journal of

Social Worker16

Introduction

• What is function ?• Proper organization:

1. What is the state of knowledge.

2. What is the question.

3. Statement of hypothesis (optional).

4. Summary of results (optional).


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Scholarship

• Acknowledge source of ideas.• Cite key papers:

- Earliest observations.

- Original articles rather than reviews.


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Methods

• What is its functions ?

• Evaluation/replication

• How much detail to present ?

- Method.

- Equipment models.

- Reagents.

- Sources (company, City, State).

• Sharing materials not otherwise available

- Reagents.

- Transgenic animals.

- Software programs.


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Results section

Introductory statement: present tense

“ It is well-known that DTA decreases after chronic cocaine exposure”.

But in Results section: past tense

“ Within 6 months of withdrawal, DTA decreased by 20 ± 6%.”


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Discussion within Results sectionSeparation of interpretation from observationsExceptions - “Short communication” - Aid in transition

Aid in transition The results of the previous experiment suggested to us that the dopamine released was not derived from vesicular stores but from the cytoplasm. To test this possibility…


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Responsible presentation of data

High crimes جرائم كبرى

• Fabrication إختالس: data that are made up • Falsification نزييف: data that are altered

- data added or moved

- data deleted without statistical justification• Plagiarism سرقة أدبية: using the words or ideas of others without

attribution• Never mislead تضليل - exaggerate مبالغة - minimize تقليل - obscure الغموض• Eliminate reasonable sources of confusion التشويش• The responsibility is yours, not the reader’s.


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Discussion

1. Your observations and their relationships.

2. Exceptions.

3. Relation to previous work.

4. Theoretical or practical implications.

5. Summary and conclusions.


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Discussion: Common problems

• Poorly organized.• Inadequate scholarship.• Repeats introduction.• Doesn’t compare results w/ others.• No discussion of alternative explanations.

Results: Common problems• Present tense.• Too little transition.• Too much discussion.• Logical.


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• Technical assistance.

• Advice on research or manuscript.

• Gifts of materials.

• Assistance in repairing manuscript.

• Financial assistance.

• “This work was supported by NIH (NS19806) and Biotech, Inc. A preliminary report was presented at the Pharmacology Society, May 25, 1999. We thank Jose Guera for technical assistance and assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. One of the authors (JD) is a paid consultant for Biotech, Inc.”.


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Importance of financial disclosure

• Source of support can influence results. • Disclosure will:

- Remind you.

- Alert reader.• Failure to disclose can raise alarms.


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• What is its function:• Which references to cite.

- Primary versus secondary.

- Original versus most recent.

- Theirs versus yours.

• How may to cite:

- Per point .

- Per paper.

• Do you have to have read every reference?• What about foreign language reference?• What if you can not obtain reference?


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• Citation in the text briefly identifies the source for the readers, and enables them to locate the details of the source in the References at the end of the article. The last name of the author and the year of publication and page number are cited after text. For Example: (Gillis Z, 2001, P. 15)

• An article published in a journal should contain the following details: Author’s last name, initials, year of publication, name of the article, name of the journal, volume number, and issue number in parentheses. For example:

• Gellis Z (2001). Job stress among academic health center and community hospital social workers, Washington, Administration in Social Work, 25(3).

• An article published in an edited book should contain the following details: Author’s last name, initials, year of publication, name of the article, initials and last name of editors, Ed. /s. in parentheses, title of the book, place of publication, name of the publisher and page numbers of the article. For example:

• Miller M (2002) A teenage Boy Drives to Visit his Mother in a State Hospital. In J. K. Heriot, and E.J Polinger (Eds.), The Use of Personal Narratives in the Helping Professions, N.Y, The Haworth Social Work Practice Press.


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The EJSW Reference format

• A book should be listed in the following format: Author’s last name, initials, year of publication, title of the book, place of publication and name of the publisher, Print number (if found) For example:

• Maguire, L (2008) Clinical Social Work, Canada, Brooks/ Cole, 2nd Ed.• When a reference two authors, list all the authors’ names. For example:• Cooper, N and Lesser, J (2007) Clinical Social Work Practice, Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 3rd Ed.• When a reference has more than two authors, list the first authors’ name and “et al” . For example:• Cooper, N, et al (2007) Clinical Social Work Practice, Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 3rdEd.• For an institutional or governmental report, write full name of the institution or government as the author. For

example:• Council of Social Work Education, (2001) Accreditation Standards of School of Social Work, N.Y,

CSWE press.• Ministry of Higher Education (2013) Promotion Standard of Professors and Associate Professor,

Egypt, Ministry of Higher Education Press.


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The EJSW Reference format


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How to Write and Publish an Article in

20 Easy Steps1. Determine authors.

2. Publish?

3. Write title.

4. Write draft.

5. Authors ok?

6. Determine form.

7. Select ejsw.

8. Stock sections.

9. Tables, figures.

10. Outline paper.

11. Write first draft.

12. Revise manuscript.

13. Check references.

14. title, abstract.

15. Preparing figures.

16. Read instructions.

17. Get feedback.

18. Submit manuscript.

19. Deal w/review.

20. Check proofs.


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Determine the authors

Start writing• Before all data collected.• Before equipment dismantled.• Before you have moved on.


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Decide it is time to publish

• When you have a story.


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Create a working title


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Draft an abstract


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Reevaluate the list of authors


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Determine the basic form of article

Types of scientific papers1. Research articles;

- Full articles.

- Brief communications.

- Short communications.

2. Non-research articles;

- Review articles.

- Book chapters.

- Letter to editors.


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Select the Egyptian Journal of Social Worker(EJSW)

WWW.EJSW.org


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• Preliminary Requirements:

• The preliminary requirements of an article, before it processed for peer review, are as follows:

• Appropriateness of article to the EJSW Goals and Scope

• The article is original, has not been published earlier, and has not been submitted for publication elsewhere.

• Conformation to the EJSW Reference Style

– Not exceed 20 pages with references and front page.

– Writing font of this journal “Times New Roman”.

– Font Size “12” and title bold.

– Paper size P5. Width 14, Height 24

– Margin: Top 2, Bottom 1 right 1 , Left 1

• Line spacing: Single


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Stock the “section reservoirs”


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Construct tables and figures

1. Tables and figures should stand on own

2. Should be sure of result before writing


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Outline the paper1. What are the issues?

2. What will you say about them?

3. In what order?


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Writer’s block;• I don’t know where to begin.

• I don’t know what to say.

• I’m not a good writer.

I don’t know where to begin;

• Use your outline.

• Write the easies section first.


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I don’t know what to say;

• Find out more about the subject.

I’m not a good writer;• No one’s first draft is readable.• Editing is much easier than writing.• Just do it!

Write

Focus on getting your ideas on to paper• Brainstorm.• Don’t worry about grammar, aesthetics.• Cite reference in text (REF).


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Revise the manuscript

A. Make major alterations

B. Polish the style

C. Make it attractive

Use of headings

• Reveals structure of text

• Makes it easy to find information

• Provides visual breaks


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Check the references


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Write the final title and abstract


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Review the instructions to authors


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Prepare the final illustrations


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Get feedback on the manuscript


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• Cover letter.

• The text.

• Tables and figures.


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• The authors of the paper is:

• Name of author: position, department, Faculty of Social Worker, Helwan University, University Campus, Helwan, Egypt, email (Corresponding author)

• Name of coauthor: position, department, Faculty of Social Worker, Helwan University, University Campus, Helwan, Egypt, email

• The paper is not submitted for publication in any other journals.

• I appreciate informing me about the possibility of preliminary acceptance of the paper for publications, and the requirements.

• Please accept our kindest regard

Sincerely

Corresponding author Name

Dept,

Faculty of Social Worker, Helwan University

E-mail:

Address: P.O. Box POST PIN: ---Helwan, Egypt.

Mobile: IN CAIRO;


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The author owns the copyright of the article until the article is accepted by the EJSW for publication. After the acceptance. communication, the Faculty of social work Helwan University owns the copyright of the article either written or online.

It should not be reproduced elsewhere without the written permission of the Editor (EJSW)


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Editor receives, surveys manuscript. Manuscript sent to reviewers for evaluation. Reviewers provide editor with critique. Review System: If an article meets the preliminary requirements, the article will be processed for two

reviewers, which could take up to 3 months. All articles are peer reviewed, and don’t published before the agreement of reviewers.The criteria used for reviewing articles are:

Correctness and accuracy language. Contemporary issues and subjects. Contribution to contemporary knowledge. Clarity and logic in analysis. Methodology (for research articles). Implications for intervention. Appropriateness of references. Editor makes decision.


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PUBLISHING RESEARCH FINDINGSWhat Reviewers Look For

Basic issues: Is manuscript within scope of journal?

Does subject matter warrant publication?

- Original?

- Important?

Content of the paper: Title and abstract: Do they reflect the paper’s content?

Introduction:

- Adequate description of problem?

- Appropriate literature reviewed?

Methods/materials: Will the reader be able to reproduce the experiments?

Results:

- Clearly expressed?

- Results flow logically from methods?

- Ethical considerations?


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PUBLISHING RESEARCH FINDINGSWhat Reviewers Look For

Tables and Figures: - necessary? - intelligible without reference to the text?Discussion: - results adequately discussed? - reasonable conclusion drawn from data? - alternative hypotheses considered? - clear statement of implications of research?References: - appropriate?

Writing style: Adherence to journal’s style requirements? - length - other requirements Free of grammar, punctuation, spelling errors? intelligible to the journal’s readership?


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Deal with the reviewers’ comments


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The reply

• Accept as is• Revise.• Reject.

Your options• Revise: incorporate editor’s

and reviewer’s suggestions.• Submit manuscript to another

journal.• Appeal the decision.

• Specify that this is a revision. • Address each of the concerns raised by reviewer’s and

point out changes.


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1. Reviewer #2 felt that more detailed information

on moral reasoning should be provided.

This information has been inserted (see p. 9).

2. Reviewer #3 requested that …

We have…

Check page proofs, order offprints


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Page proofs

• Sent to corresponding author.

• Must be returned within a few days.

Page proofsDO: - Answer all queries.

- Check clarity.

- Correct types.

- Order offprints.

DON’T: - Make major revisions.

- Insert new material.

Applications & Group Activities


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61Copyright 2015, Egyptian Journal of Social Worker

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Workshop at 14 March 2015 EJSW: Scientific Writing Skills TRAINER: Dr. Gehan M. A. Mostafa Vice Dean...

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