WORKSHOP 1 ASSIGNMENT

MEASURING TOOLS

MEMBERS : MUHAMMAD FARIS SYAMIM BIN AMIR-UL MAHADI (56103315028)

MUHD ZULFAKIR BIN KOSI (56103315028)

AKMA HUSNA BINTI ABDUL AZIZ (56103315028)

GROUP : L01

LECTURER : MR BAKHTIAR ARIFF BIN SAHARUDIN

MEASURING TOOLS

• STEEL RULER

• L SQUARE

• VERNIER CALIPER

• SPIRIT LEVEL

• PROTRACTOR

STEEL RULER

• Steel ruler is used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting.

• 12 inches or 30 cm in length is useful for a ruler to be kept on a desk to help in drawing. Shorter rulers are convenient for keeping in a pocket.

• Longer rulers, e.g., 18 inches (45 cm) are necessary in some cases.

• In geometry, a ruler without any marks on it (a straightedge) may be used only for drawing straight lines between points. A straightedge is also used to help draw accurate graphs and tables.

TPYES OF STEEL RULER

L SQUARE

• L Square is aluminium ruler with precise 90 degree angle.

• Used to create perpendicular lines and to measure off parallel lines.

• It also use to measure if an object is exact 90 degree angle

TYPE OF L SQUARE

VERNIER CALIPERS• The vernier calipers give a direct reading of the distance measured with high accuracy and

precision.

• The caliper comprise a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and another jaw, with a pointer, that slides along the scale.

• The distance between the jaws is then read in different ways for the three types.

• The vernier scales may include metric measurements on the lower part of the scale and inch measurements on the upper, or vice versa, in countries that use inches.

• Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to 0.01 mm (10 micrometres), or one thousandth of an inch. They are available in sizes that can measure up to 1,829 mm (72 in).

• Parts of a vernier caliper:

1. Outside large jaws: used to measure external diameter or width of an object

2. Inside small jaws: used to measure internal diameter of an object

3. Depth probe: used to measure depths of an object or a hole

4. Main scale: scale marked every mm

5. Main scale: scale marked in inches and fractions

6. Vernier scale gives interpolated measurements to 0.1 mm or better

7. Vernier scale gives interpolated measurements in fractions of an inch

8. Retainer: used to block movable part to allow the easy transferring of a measurement

SPIRIT LEVEL• A spirit level, bubble level or simply a level is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is

horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb).

• Different types of spirit levels may be used by carpenters, stonemasons, bricklayers, other building trades workers, surveyors, millwrights and other metalworkers, and in some photographic or videographic work.

• Early spirit levels had very slightly curved glass vials with constant inner diameter at each viewing point.

• These vials are incompletely filled with a liquid, usually a colored spirit or alcohol, leaving a bubble in the tube.

• They have a slight upward curve, so that the bubble naturally rests in the centre, the highest point. At slight inclinations the bubble travels away from the marked center position

• Where a spirit level must also be usable upside-down or on its side, the curved constant-diameter tube is replaced by an uncurved barrel-shaped tube with a slightly larger diameter in its middle.

• Alcohols such as ethanol are often used rather than water.

• Alcohols have low viscosity and surface tension, which allows the bubble to travel the tube quickly and settle accurately with minimal interference with the glass surface.

• A colorant such as fluorescein, typically yellow or green, may be added to increase the visibility of the bubble.

• An extension of the spirit level is the bull's eye level: a circular, flat-bottomed device with the liquid under a slightly convex glass face with a circle at the center. It serves to level a surface across a plane, while the tubular level only does so in the direction of the tube.

TYPE OF SPIRIT LEVEL

PROTRACTOR

• A protractor is a measuring instrument, typically made of transparent plastic or glass, for measuring angles.

• used for measuring or marking off angles

• Universal bevel protractors are also used by toolmakers; as they measure angles by mechanical contact they are classed as mechanical protractors.

• Most protractors measure angles in degrees (°). Radian-scale protractors measure angles in radians. Most protractors are divided into 180 equal parts.

• They are used for a variety of mechanical and engineering-related applications.

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