Workplace Environmental Hazards
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Transcript of Workplace Environmental Hazards
YKK ZIPPER PHILIPPINES, INC.
WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS
HOUSE RULES
Be punctual. A certificate of attendance will be awarded. Sign as you enter the room. Smoking is not allowed inside the training room. As much as possible, avoid eating while the session is on-
going. In case of emergency, or other urgent matter that you have to
attend to/requires your presence please DO inform the facilitator or any of the training staff before leaving.
If you have any administrative problems/concerns, feel free to approach any of the training staff.
All mobile phone/beeper must be on silent mode.
COURSE OUTLINE
ObjectiveDefinition of termsPresentation/DiscussionWorkshop
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To provide participants with the appropriate KNOWLEDGE and SKILLS to
IDENTIFY, CONTROL, and ELIMINATE
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
Apply appropriate control measure to address IDENTIFIED
HAZARD
DEFINITION OF TERMS
RISK – is the chance, high or low, that somebody will be harmed by the hazard
HAZARD – means anything that can cause harm (ex. chemicals, electricity, working from ladder, etc.)
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV) – represent condition under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed daily without adverse effect.
WORK ENVIRONMENT MEASUREMENT (WEM) – is the determination of environmental hazards and their hazardous effects on workers’ health, through direct measurement of the hazards.
HAZARD CONTROL/CONTROL MEASURE – preventive action taken to eliminate hazard and risk
PRESENTATION/DISCUSSION
WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARD
Chemical hazard Physical hazard Biological hazard Ergonomics Direct Hazard
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARDS
A. CHEMICAL HAZARD Hazards that are excessive airborne concentrations
of mists, vapors, gases or solids that are in the form of dusts or fumes
Types of chemical hazards:Mist Vapors Gases Dust Fumes
TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
1. MIST – are fine particles of a liquid float in air Exposure:
Splashing Spraying Pickling Electroplating Roaming operations.
Example: Hydrochloric Nitric and Sulfuric Acids Oil Mist
TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
2. VAPORS – substance in a liquid or solid state (critical temperature higher than 25oC, 1 atm) that volatilize or sublimate depending upon on vapor pressure and become gases
Exposure: Factories and laboratories Cleaning agents, degreasers, thinners, chemical reagents,
drying agents Painting
Example: Acetone Toluene Isopropyl Alcohol
TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
3. GASES – substances in gaseous state. These are normally compressible, formless fluids which occupy the space of an enclosure and which can be changed to the liquid or solid state only by the effect of increase pressure or decrease temperature. They do not necessary have a warning odor at a dangerous concentration. Examples/Exposure:
Hydrogen Sulfide – oils & gas; pulp & paper; waste water treatment
Chlorine – water treatment plants; pulp & paper Nitrogen Dioxide – mining; machinery using diesel
engines
TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
4. DUSTS – refers to the suspension of solid particles in air. Exposure:
Physical properties such as crushing, grinding, shaking and drilling operations where solid materials are broken down generates these dusts.
Types of dust: Total dust – all dust particles present in the area Respirable dust – that fraction of total dust which
passes through a selector whose size is 7 microns and below in diameter which can be inhaled and deposited in the lungs
5. FUMES – solid particles formed from condensation of substance from the vapor state. Fumes are normally associated with molten metals where the vapor from the metal are condensed into solid particles in the space above the molten metal. Exposure:
Battery making, soldering, electronics, welding, painting, mining, electroplating
Example:Lead, Tin manganese, Iron
TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
B. PHYSICAL HAZARDS Hazards that include excessive levels of radiation,
noise, vibration, insufficient lighting and extremes of temperature and pressure Noise Illumination Extremes of temperature Radiation Extremes of pressure Vibration
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARDS
TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
NOISE It is defined as unwanted sound. The level of noise
in an industrial operation can constitute a physical hazard to the exposed workers. The extent of hazard depend not only on the over all noise level but also on the time period and frequency of the noise to which the worker is exposed and the type of noise.
Types of noise: Continuous Intermittent Impact
TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
2. ILLUMINATION - It is the measure of stream of light falling on a surface. Its unit is lux. Luminance is the measure of light intensity
coming from a source. It is the exact measure of light they emit.
Glare occurs when we look into a light which is brighter than which the eye can adopt to.
TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
3. EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE Heat stress is excessive heat load. Extremes of
temperature affect the amount of work that people can do and the manner in which they do it. In most industry, the problem is more often high temperature than low temperature.
Exposure: Smelters Steel workers Blast furnace operators
TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
4. RADIATION Caused by ultraviolet, infrared, laser and
microwave rays from the electromagnetic spectrum
Exposure to ultraviolet: natural light, arc welding, drying, and curing process
Expose to infrared: drying and baking of paints, varnishes, adhesives, heating of metal parts for shrink fit assembly
TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
5. EXTREMES OF PRESSURE The exposure of workers to abnormal air pressure is
generally limited to few occupational areas. It has been recognized from the beginning of caisson work (work performed in a water tight structure) that men working under pressure greater than at normal atmospheric one are subject to various ills connected with the job. Exposure to high pressure
Caisson operation, under water tunneling, diving, sewage construction
Exposure to low pressure Individuals working in high altitude or mountainous
TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
VIBRATION A body is said to vibrate when it describes an
oscillating motion about a reference point. IN practice, it is very difficult to avoid vibration. It usually occur because of the dynamic effects of manufacturing tolerances, clearances, rolling and rubbing contact between machine parts. Exposure
Sanders Pneumatic drill Jackhammer drill
C. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Hazards which includes exposure to bacteria,
viruses, insects, molds, fungi, and parasites. This can be a direct result of the work being performed or the results of unhealthy conditions in the working environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARDS
D. ERGONOMICS Ergonomics was based on the two Greek words, ergos meaning “work” and normos meaning “the study of” or “the principle of”. In other words, ergonomics means the law of work.
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARDS
E. DIRECT HAZARD Visibility of hazard in a workplace
Unguarded machines Falling objects
IDENTIFICATION OF STRESSES/HAZARDS
Identification of hazards can be accomplished through:
Walk-through survey/ocular inspection Raw materials/by-product/end-product Processes involved MSDS/CSDS Workers’ complaint Work environment measurement
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
Engineering Control Administrative Control Personal Protective Equipment
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
ENGINEERING CONTROLS Engineering controls are those methods that
engineer out the hazard, either by initial design specifications or by applying methods of substitution, isolation, or ventilation
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL General administrative controls are those controls available
to the organization that do not directly remove the source of hazard exposure from the workplace. These controls are usually effective when used with one of the other control methods previously mentioned.
Examples of general administrative controls available include worker training, monitoring of the work area or the workers, scheduling workers into the area, good housekeeping and preventive maintenance scheduling to assure proper function of the existing controls.
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal protective equipment o PPE should be
used only as last resort and as temporary measure until more permanent controls can be installed. In some cases there is no immediate alternative but to use personal protective equipment. However, the safety officer must continue to look for other solutions where personal protective equipment is currently being used.
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
A. Engineering Control
1. Substitution
2. Modification in the Process and/or Equipment
3. Maintenance of Equipment
4. Isolation
5. Ventilation
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
B. Administrative Control
1. Rotation of workers
2. Preventive maintenance schedule
3. Training
4. Monitoring of work environment
5. Housekeeping
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL
MEASURES
C. Personal Protective Equipment
1. Categories
2. Uses
3. Factors in selecting
FOUR PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL
All hazards can be controlled There are many alternative methods of control Some methods of controls are better than others Some situations will require more than one control
method to obtain optimum results
EFFECTS OF HAZARDS
EFFECTS – the result produced by a cause. Effects of Stresses/Hazards
Human Body Company Community Family
EFFECTS TO HUMAN BODY
Examples: Injuries Illnesses Asthma Fungi Pneumonia
EFFECTS TO COMPANY
Examples: Losses in profit Downtime in production Enclosure
EFFECTS TO COMMUNITY
Examples: It might endanger nearby communities
with fire Disturbances due to operation Loss of revenues Loss of income
EFFECTS TO FAMILY
Examples: Loss of income when family member got
sick or injured Loss of a family member Demoralization
SAMPLE
HAZARDS EFFECTS CONTROL MEASURESHUMAN
BODYCOMPANY COMMU
NITYFAMI-LY
1. Poor housekeeping
Tripping accidentsFallingBurns
Losses Fire
Loss of incomeLoss of revenues
Jobs 5SProper housekeeping
2. Improper electrical wring
Electrical burns DamageLoss
Loss of incomeLoss of revenues
Jobs Rewiring, labelingReplacements of deteriorationSegregating for flammables
3. Chemicals (improper storage and handling)
Burns Losses due to fire, opportunity & productivitySpoilage
-Jobs Proper storage
Proper labeling, segregating and waste disposalProper ventilation
4. Unsecured gas cylinders
FallingExplosion(burns)
Property lossesProduction losses -
Jobs Centralized storage, securing system, proper labeling, SOP’s, segregation
5. No machine guarding
InjuryDeath
do Loss of revenues
do Provide guards
6. Fire fighting equipments not in proper location
do do do doIdentify correct locationsMaintain and inspectProper labeling
WORKSHOP
Abstract: Identify existing hazard in your
department/section. Find the possible effects to the following:
Human BodyCompanyCommunityFamily
Recommend control measures to eliminate existing hazards.