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Transcript of Working with the BIOS / CMOS Chapter 17 Release 22/10/2010powered by dj.
Working with the BIOS / CMOS
Chapter 17
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 2 of 45Chapter 17
Objectives
Describe BIOS functions Explain the Preboot Environment Explain BIOS packaging Define CMOS Backup and upgrade the BIOS Describe BIOS Setup Utility Troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep
codes
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 3 of 45Chapter 17
Motherboard BIOS Functions - I
BIOS is a collection of programs embedded in one or more chips
Functions of BIOS
POST BIOS Bootstrap LoaderSetup
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 4 of 45Chapter 17
Motherboard BIOS Functions- II
POST – Tests computer’s processor, memory, chipset, video, adapter, disk controllers, disk drives, keyboard and other components
Setup – Enables you to configure the motherboard and chipset settings
BIOS - Collection of actual drivers which act as a basic interface between the OS and your hardware
Bootstrap Loader - Job of this program to load the OS from the floppy disk or the hard disk into the computer’s main memory (RAM)
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 5 of 45Chapter 17
Question for GD Time Limit – 3 Mins
List the motherboard BIOS functions.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Sl. BIOS Functions
Slide 6 of 45Chapter 17
ROM Shadowing
Accesses to the BIOS code are very slow relative to accesses to code in the system memory
Technique that is used to increase the computer's speed
During this process the contents of a ROM are directly copied to the extended memory.
Extended memory is given the same address as that of the ROM. The original ROM is disabled and the new location is then write protected
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 7 of 45Chapter 17
BIOS Manufacturer
AMIAwardPhoenixMR BIOS
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Slide 8 of 45Chapter 17
Question for GD Time Limit – 3 Mins
List the names of the BIOS manufacturers.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Sl. BIOS Manufacturers
Slide 9 of 45Chapter 17
Accessing the BIOS
Phoenix BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Ctrl+Alt+F1 Ctrl+Alt+S Ctrl+Alt+Enter Ctrl+Alt+F11 Ctrl+Alt+Ins
Award BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Esc Del
AMI BIOS Del IBM BIOS F1, F2 or F10 Compaq BIOS F10
Table 20.1 – Keystrokes to Access BIOS
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 10 of 45Chapter 17
Question for GD Time Limit – 3 Mins
How to determine your PC’s BIOS version?
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 11 of 45Chapter 17
Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - I Enables you to control and troubleshoot the system and the
different hardware components before loading the operating system
Types of BIOS packaging• Rectangular shaped 32-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP)
• Square 28-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 12 of 45Chapter 17
Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - II
Runs the power-on self-test (POST) when the system starts
Receives signals from the hardwareLoads the custom settings from the CMOS
that stores the BIOS settingsDisplays the settingsLocates the bootable devices and loads the
operating system from the bootable device
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 13 of 45Chapter 17
Question for GD Time Limit – 3 Mins
What are the different BIOS packaging?
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Slide 14 of 45Chapter 17
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
Memory chip located on the motherboard that stores the BIOS settings
Battery must be replaced when it becomes weak or you may lose the stored BIOS settings
Receives power from the battery that is installed on the motherboard
Clear the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS using the jumpers located on the motherboard or by removing the battery from the motherboard
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 15 of 45Chapter 17
Backing up BIOS Settings
Run the BIOS upgrade software to read BIOS contents to a file
Incase of AMI BIOS, just instruct the software using its menus, to save the BIOS contents to a file.
Another way is to write down the different settings manually or press Print Screen to take a print out of the BIOS values using a printer connected to parallel port.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 16 of 45Chapter 17
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 1 in the text book:
• To backup your BIOS settings.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 17 of 45Chapter 17
Upgrading the BIOS - I
Two ways forupgrading a
Motherboard BIOS
Replacing Physical BIOS Chip
Performing a Flash Update
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 18 of 45Chapter 17
Upgrading the BIOS - II Back up the BIOS values so that you can restore the
BIOS when the system crashes or malfunctions after changing the BIOS values
When seeking a BIOS upgrade for a particular motherboard (or system), you need to know the following:
Model of the motherboard (or system). Manufacturer, date and version of the existing BIOS. Type of CPU. You can find out your motherboard manufacturer
using softwares like Everest, Hwinfo and Sandra
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 19 of 45Chapter 17
Flash Update using Bootable Floppy - I
Download the BIOS software from the Internet. The software will be available in a zip file.
Unzip the file to a folder.Insert a blank floppy in the floppy disk
drive.Run the .exe file from the folder.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 20 of 45Chapter 17
Flash Update using Bootable Floppy - II
Follow the steps displayed by the wizard to create a bootable BIOS update floppy disk.
Restart the system with the BIOS update floppy disk in the floppy disk drive and boot the system from floppy. The system will update the BIOS.
Restart the system and enter the BIOS to check if it is updated.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 21 of 45Chapter 17
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 2 in the text book:
• To replace the BIOS chip.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 22 of 45Chapter 17
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 3 in the text book:
• To update the BIOS using software.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 23 of 45Chapter 17
Recovering from Destroyed BIOS
Using flash recovery jumper – Mostly available in server motherboard
Dual BIOS - Now a day many motherboards manufacturers launched motherboards equipped with two BIOS chips: a main BIOS and a backup BIOS. Therefore if the main BIOS is erased you can turn on the machine using the backup BIOS and recover the contents of the main BIOS without the need of any fancy procedure to reprogram it.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 24 of 45Chapter 17
To know the keywords to enter into BIOS using Internet
Browse to www.google.comType keyword for BIOS+make with model
number and press Enter See the results on the screen
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 25 of 45Chapter 17
BIOS Setup Utility
Enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS
Enables you to control the boot sequenceChanges the BIOS setting to correct any
hardware problems
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Slide 26 of 45Chapter 17
BIOS Main Menu Page
Displays the different BIOS options which can be changed
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Slide 27 of 45Chapter 17
Standard CMOS Setup Page Enables you to set the basic settings of the system such as the
date and time, hard disk settings, and shows system information
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Slide 28 of 45Chapter 17
Advanced BIOS Features Page Enables you to access the advanced functions of the BIOS such as Boot Devices,
S.M.A.R.T. for Hard Disks, Boot Up Num-Lock, Floppy Drive Swap about the system
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Slide 29 of 45Chapter 17
Advanced Chipset Features Page
Enables you to access the advanced chipset features of BIOS. You can set the DRAM clock/timing control, prefetch caching, video RAM cacheable using this page setting.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 30 of 45Chapter 17
Integrated Peripherals Page
Enables you to access the integrated peripherals features of BIOS. This page allows you to change various input/output devices, such as SATA modes, USB controller, LAN etc.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 31 of 45Chapter 17
Power Management Setup Page Sets the parameters such as Standby Time Out, Suspend
Time Out, Ring On Power On for the system power management operation
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Slide 32 of 45Chapter 17
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 4 in the text book:
• To change the first boot device as the DVD-ROM drive.
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Slide 33 of 45Chapter 17
PCI / PCI Configurations Page Enables the system to automatically search for new
hardware connected to the system and sets the parameter of PCI/VGA palette snoop, maximum payload size
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Slide 34 of 45Chapter 17
PC Health Status Page
The PC Health Status displays the system hardware details, such as the voltage used by the system, shut down temperature setting, the system and the CPU temperature.
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Slide 35 of 45Chapter 17
Loading Default Settings
Applying Optimal settings enables to set the default options
Best Performance Settings enables to set BIOS options to make the system perform at best level
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Slide 36 of 45Chapter 17
Setting the BIOS Password
Protects the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS Password option from the Advanced Setup page
should be enabled Prompts to enter the password before accessing
the Setup Utility Setting the Supervisor password Setting the User password
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 37 of 45Chapter 17
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 5 in the text book:
• To load best performance settings and to set the supervisor password.
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Slide 38 of 45Chapter 17
Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - I
Number of Beeps Solving Problem
1 Short Beep System OK. If system does not start check that the power and data cables are properly connected
2 / 3 / 4 Short Beeps Check that the RAM and Video Adapter cards are properly connected.
5 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly installed. Check that the microprocessor is properly installed.Replace the microprocessor or the motherboard.
6 Short Beeps Check or replace keyboard.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 39 of 45Chapter 17
Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - II
7 Short BeepsCheck the processor and heat sink are properly installed
8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.
9 Short Beeps Check that the BIOS chip is properly connected.Update or Replace the BIOS chip.
10 Short Beeps Replace the battery or CMOS chips.
11 Short Beeps Check the cache settings from BIOS and check that the Cache memory chip is properly connected.Replace the Cache memory chip.
1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly connected.
1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 40 of 45Chapter 17
Clearing the CMOS
Sometimes we set the password for the BIOS and forget the password. In that case we can clear the CMOS using two ways:• Using jumpers
• Removing and reinserting the CMOS battery
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 41 of 45Chapter 17
CMOS Clear Video
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Click on the image to run the video.
Slide 42 of 45Chapter 17
Case Study
Scenario In a software organization it is found that most
software engineers spend time on listening music and transferring data using USB flash drives which affect the organization’s productivity.
Problem Accessing to the audio and USB port affects the
organization’s productivity
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 43 of 45Chapter 17
Summary - I
BIOS software enables you to control and troubleshoot the system
Types of BIOS chips include Dual In-line Package and Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
BIOS run the power-on self-test when the system starts
CMOS stores the BIOS settings Updating the BISO adds additional functions to the
BIOS and it also fixes all the errors and bugs in the BIOS
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 44 of 45Chapter 17
Summary - II
BIOS Setup Utility enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS
The BIOS Setup Utility Main menu page displays different BIOS options that you can change
BIOS password used to protect the settings stored in CMOS
You can troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep codes.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 45 of 45Chapter 17
Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj