Working with Ted Madey in the Early Years at NBS – A Formative Time for a Life long Friendship

John T. Yates, Jr.

Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia

Charlottesville, VA 22904

Symposium to honor

Theodore E. MadeyAVS Meeting, Boston

Thursday Oct. 23, 2008

Historical Events in Ted Madey’s Life Prior to NBS

Born - Oct. 24, 1937Wilmington, Delaware

Loyola CollegeBaltimoreBS - 1959

Jesuit Schools – “A” student

Historical Events in Ted Madey’s Life Prior to NBS

Born-Oct. 24, 1937Wilmington, Delaware

Loyola CollegeBaltimoreBS - 1959

Notre Dame University Ph D - Physics

1963

Jesuit Schools – “A” student

Jane ( School Play)

1961 – Leaves Nuclear Physics and enters Surface Physics

Thesis: “Field Electron Microscopy- Sr Diffusion on W”

NBSNRC Postdoc

1963

Madey and YatesTeam Up at NBS

1964

First Paper

UHV Apparatus for CO Isotopic Mixing on W

C OO C

CO CO

Later, many studies showed that CO dissociation occurs above 800 K on W.

Isotope Mixing

12C18O + 13C16O →12C16O + 13C18O

Early Temperature Programmed Desorption – Single Crystal W

Tube for Flash Desorption from Single Crystal Flash Desorption of Hydrogen from W(100) & W(111)

Little did we know at the time that 1st and 2nd order H2 desorption kinetics were a sign of surface reconstruction effects in W(100).

The work agreed almost exactly with similar studies by Lanny Schmidt, et al. published at the same time.

Theodore. E. Madey and John T. Yates, Jr., Chemisorption on Single Crystals: H2 on (100) Tungsten“Structure et Proprietes des Surfaces des Solides,” Paris 7-11 July 1969

An Amazing Scientific Adventure in Jolly Olde England

(Reprinted from Nature, vol. 243, no. 5407, pp 422 - 424, June 15, 1973 J. T. Yates, Jr., T. E. Madey, H. L. Rook)

James de Hoveston, Blickling Church, Norfolk (c. 1360)

Basic Result: ~ 1ML of Cu removed/rubbing. 3 times a day for 100 years = 0.0054 cm wear

Typical rubbing and associated control following sampling for neutron activation analysis

London Times Article

Brass Rubbing became illegal in Britain. ~ 1975

One now rubs only on plastic replicas of monumental brasses

Dick Kelley, John Yates and Ted Madey – Early UHV - Catalytic Apparatus in Glass

Electron Stimulated Desorption (ESD)

First interest sparked by D. Menzel and R. Gomer and by P. A. Redhead – MGR Mechanism D. Menzel and R. Gomer JCP 41, 3311 (1964); 41, 3329 (1964) P. A. Redhead, Can. J. Physics 42, 886 (1964)

Schematic Potential Energy Diagram for Interaction between Adsorbate A and a Surface M

From: D. Menzel, in: Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 4, Ed. R. Gomer (Springer Verlag, Berlin 1975) p. 101.

First ESD Apparatus

Apparatus for Study of Desorption by Electronic Impact

Threshold Voltage for Positive Ions – CO/W

FIRST ESDIAD (Electron Stimulated Ion Angular Distribution) Experiments

1974 Photo of first NBS ESDIAD System O+ ESD from O/W(100)

Basic Idea

Ions desorb closely along the bond direction inside the molecules or along the bond between the adsorbate and surface atoms.

The acronym “ESDIAD” and PRL

First Review Article

T. E. Madey and J. T. Yates, Jr. “ Electron-Stimulated Desorption as a Tool for Studies of Chemisorption: A Review ” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 8, 525 (1971)

This review became a “Citation Classic”.

Ted later commented to Paul Redhead “ If we had known it was to be a classic, we would have written it in Latin.”

First Use of ESCA (XPS) to Study Adsorbed Molecules on Atomically Clean Surfaces

Oxygen (1s) ESCA Spectra for CO and Oxygen on W

Joint Receipt of the Samuel Wesley Stratton Award-NBS-1978

1975Tim, Maureen,

Doretta and Dan Madey have all arrived

“ Yadey & Mates” Donna Bacale

“ Madey and what’s his name” Homer Hagstrum Bell Laboratories

John Yates leaves NBS1982

8 years of research together producing a total of 62 joint papers.

Some coauthors: D. W. Goodman, D. A. King, A. M. Bradshaw, R. Klein, R. D. Kelley, J. J. Czyzewski, N. E. Erickson, S. D. Worley, G. B. Fisher, ……

University of PittsburghDepartment of Chemistry and Physics

Some Memorable Quotations from Ted

• “What is the real difference between a hydrocarbon and a carbohydrate ? ” ~ 1965 His knowledge of chemistry improved significantly.

“I’ve got lots of chemist friends, but I wouldn’t want one of my daughters to marry one of them.” ~ 1975 I always believed he was joking about this.

Note Bene “The abbreviation is not NB, it is N. B.” 2007

Ted Madey leaves NBS1988

Rutgers University Department of Physics and Chemistry

Last Visit – Rutgers – February 2008

Summary

Ted and I participated in the early days of the development of surface science as focused on chemisorption, spanning the period between UHV studies of polycrystalline W and single crystals of many metals and semiconductors. This period also witnessed the fusion of physics and chemistry on surfaces. Ted’s influence on me was profound and remains so today. - example - teaching at UVa Ted was an extraordinary human being, a brilliant and imaginative scientist, an always-generous colleague, a warm friend through 44 years, and a first-rate raconteur. Ted’s scientific and personal impact will remain embedded in our lives and in those of our students for years to come. I miss him every day.