Working Group on “Integrated Protection of Stored...

Conference of the IOBC-wprs (OILB-srop)

Working Group on

“Integrated Protection of Stored Products”Ljubljana, Slovenia

3-5 July 2017

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Ljubljana, 2017

Book of Abstracts of the Conference of the IOBC-wprs (OILB-srop) Working Group on “Integrated Protection of Stored Products” Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3-5 July 2017

Publisher Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana & IOBC (Zürich)

Editors Stanislav TRDAN & Pasquale TREMATERRA

Technical editors Stanislav TRDAN & Žiga LAZNIK

Press Cicero, Begunje, d.o.o. (Slovenia)

Number of copies printed 150

Ljubljana, 2017

CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana

632(082)

IOBC/WPRS (OILB/srop) Working Group on Integrated Protection of Stored Products. Conference (2017 ; Ljubljana) Book of abstracts / Conference of the IOBC/wprs (OILB/srop) Working Group on Integrated Protection of Stored Products, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3-5 July 2017 ; [editors Stanislav Trdan & Pasquale Trematerra]. - Ljubljana : Biotechnical Faculty ; Zürich : IOBC, 2017

ISBN 978-961-6379-41-0 (Biotehniška fakulteta) 1. Trdan, Stanislav 290480384

The Conference was financally supported by the:

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food - Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant ProtectionRussell IPM LtdCity of LjubljanaKambič Laboratorijska oprema d.o.o. (Semič)

Local Organizing Committee Stanislav Trdan (Chairman)Matej VidrihTanja BohincŽiga LaznikJaka Rupnik Scientific Advisory Committee Cornel S. Adler (Germany)Christos G. Athanassiou (Greece)Darka Hamel (Croatia)Ali A. Işikber (Turkey)Nickolas G. Kavallieratos (Greece)Maria Otilia Carvalho (Portugal)Jordi Riudavets (Spain)Matthias Schöller (Germany)Vaclav Stejskal (Czech Republic)Stanislav Trdan (Slovenia)Pasquale Trematerra (Italy) IOBC Liaison Officer Cristina Castané (Spain) IOBC-IPSP WG Convenor Pasquale Trematerra (Italy)

Book of abstracts of the Conference of the IOBC/wprs (OILB/srop) Working Group on “Integrated Protection of Stored Products” Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3-5 July 20174

PROGRAMMESunday 2 July, 2017 (M Hotel)

16.00 – 19.30 Registration 18.00 Welcome drink

Monday 3 July, 2017 (Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana)

8.00 City bus in front of M Hotel 8.00 Registration8.45 Opening ceremony (Miha HUMAR – Dean of the Biotechnical Facul ty, University of Ljubljana, Cristina CASTANÈ – IOBC Liaison Officer, Pasquale TREMATERRA – Convenor of the Working Group, Stanislav TRDAN – Local Organizer)

Methods of pest prevention during storage, transportation and handling of stored productsSession Chair: Jim THRONE (USA) Keynote Speaker: Paul FIELDS (Canada)

9.15 Paul FIELDS Role of Temperature in the Biology and Control of Stored Product Insects9.45 Nicolas BAREIL Grain cleaning as a management tool to control inter nal-feeding pests10.00 Darka HAMEL Available measures for control of stored product pests regarding integrated protection and research10.15 Giuseppe SPINA Experiences on the use of Ekontrol, remote control system, for real-time monitoring of rodent control stations10.30 George OPIT, Frank ARTHUR, James CAMPBELL The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for the Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss: Maize Post-Harvest Loss Mitigation in Ghana10.45 Discussion11.00 Coffee break

Natural productsSession Chair: Vlatka ROZMAN (Croatia) Keynote Speaker: Barbara CONTI (Italy)

11.30 Barbara CONTI Natural products as biopesticides for sustainable food stuff pest control12.00 Sonja GVOZDENAC, Dejan PRVULOVIĆ, Vojislava BURSIĆ, Snežana TANASKOVIĆ, Mladen TATIĆ, Jelena OVUKA, Filip VUKA JLOVIĆ Insecticidal and antifeeding activity of several botanicals against Rhyzopertha dominica Fabricius

Book of abstracts of the Conference of the IOBC/wprs (OILB/srop) Working Group on “Integrated Protection of Stored Products” Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3-5 July 2017 5

12.15 Stefano BEDINI, Francesca COSCI, Guido FLAMINI, Roberta ASCRIZZI, Tiziana LOMBARDI, Andrea BERTACCHI, Jessica GIRARDI, Barbara CONTI Juniperus macrocarpa: a Mediterranean resource against stored food insect pests 12.30 Vlatka ROZMAN, Zlatko KORUNIĆ, Josip HALAMIĆ, Anita LIŠKA, Renata BALIČEVIĆ, Ines GALOVIĆ, Pavo LUCIĆ The three-year development of new natural insecticide formulations based on inert dusts and botanicals in Croatia12.45 Soumaya HAOUEL-HAMDI, Olfa BACHROUCH, Mariam HEDJAL- CHEBHEB, Moez AMRI, Chokri MASSOUDI, Ezzeddine SAADAOUI, Emna BOUSHIH, Jouda MEDIOUNI-BEN JEMÂA Green clay aromatized powder formulation for controlling Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) on stored chickpea13.00 Stefano BEDINI, Francesca COSCI, Jessica GIRARDI, Barbara CONTI Aromatic plant essential oils for the control of blowflies in the production of dry-cured meat13.15 Stefano BEDINI, Francesca COSCI, Jessica GIRARDI, Rossella BOCCHINO, Barbara CONTI Selective activity of Cinnamomum verum essential oil against the rice weevils Sitophilus oryzae and its parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus in post-harvest pest management13.30 Maha Ben ABADA, Jouda MEDIOUNI BEN JEMÂA Postharvest control alternatives for the management of the moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Pyralidae) in Tunisia: Essential oil fumigation and its impacts on date quality13.45 Discussion14.00 Lunch (Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana)

Biological control of stored product pestsSession Chair: Agatino RUSSO (Italy) Keynote Speaker: Jordi RIUDAVETS (Spain)

15.15 Jordi RIUDAVETS Future trends in Biological Control of stored product pests15.45 Rey D. ITURRALDE-GARCÍA, Jordi RIUDAVETS, Cristina CASTAÑÉ Use of predatory mites for the control of bruchids on stored chickpeas and beans16.00 Mansoor ul HASAN, Qurban ALI, Muhammad ASGHAR, Shahzad SALEEM, Muhammad FAISAL Response of Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to plant extracts and Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an ectoparasitoid16.15 Benjamin FÜRSTENAU, Monika HILKER How to locate Tribolium larvae: Long-range attractants and contact cues mediate the olfactory host search of Holepyris sylvanidis


16.30 Zehra AYDIN, Ali A. IŞIKBER, M. KUBILAY, Özgür SAĞLAM, Inanç DOGANAY, Hasan TUNAZ Efficacy of Turkish Diatomaceous Earth in Combinations with Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)16.45 Christos G. ATHANASSIOU, Christos I. RUMBOS, Maria SAKKA, Olivier POTIN, Clare STORM, Aoife B. DILLON Delivering Beauveria bassiana with electrostatic powder for the control of stored-product beetles17.00 Muhammad SAGHEER, Mansoor-ul-HASAN, Zaheer Abbas GUL, Atif RAUF, Ali RAZA, Muhammad QASIM, Saqib WAQAS Virulence of new formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory conditions17.15 Waqas WAKIL, Thomas SCHMITT Mortality and progeny emergence of four stored-grain insect species exposed to Beauveria bassiana and/or two diatomaceous earths on three grain commodities17.30 Giulia GIUNTI, Orlando CAMPOLO, Vincenzo PALMERI Behavioural responses of Tribolium confusum to rice kernels: role of intra- and inter-specific competition on VOC emissions and female chemotaxis17.45 Discussion

18.00 City bus in front of Biotechnical Faculty19.00 Dinner (M Hotel – self-funding)19.45 City bus in front of M Hotel20.00 Guided tour in Ljubljana old town (optional) Tuesday 4 July, 2017 (M Hotel)

7.30 Poster installation

Physical, chemical and other techniques for stored product pest control – part 1Session Chair: George OPIT (USA) Keynote Speaker: Jim CAMPBELL (USA)

8.30 Jim CAMPBELL Mating Disruption for Management of Stored Product Insects: Principals and Practices9.00 V. SOTIROUDAS, P. AGRAFIOTI, C.G. ATHANASSIOU Large-scale applications of phosphine in commercial facilities by using wireless phosphine sensors9.15 Barbara NEAD-NYLANDER, Ellen THOMS Global uses for sulfuryl fluoride (ProFume® gas fumigant) for post-harvest pest control9.30 Mansoor ul HASAN, Qurban ALI, Habib ur REHMAN, Hafiz Usman SHAKIR, Shahzad SALEEM, Muhammad FAISAL Influence of abiotic factors on the efficacy of insect growth regulators against Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)


9.45 Cornel ADLER Control of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L., Coleoptera Curculionidae) with vacuum10.00 Rizana MAHROOF, Barbara AMOAH, Jewel WRIGHTON Acute and Delayed Toxicity Effects of Ozone on Internal and External Feeders of Stored Products10.15 Luciano SÜSS, S. SAVOLDELLI, G. CASSANI, F. LAMPUGNANI, P. FILIPPINI, A. PAPARATTO, A. MILIANI, L. SERRANI Control of stored product insects with high pressure carbon dioxide treatments10.30 Coffe break

10.45 Poster session (M Hotel) Session Chairs: Nickolas KAVALLIERATOS (Greece), Tanja BOHINC (Slovenia), Žiga LAZNIK (Slovenia)

Physical, chemical and other techniques for stored product pest control – part 2Session Chair: George OPIT (USA)

11.45 Qurban ALI, Mansoor ul HASAN, Shahzad SALEEM, Muhammad ZEESHAN, Najuf Awais ANJUM, Muhammad FAISAL Combine effect of diatomaceous earth and insect growth regulators against Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)12.00 Kamil Emre KURTULUŞ, Nazife EROGLU YALCIN, Ahmet Güray FERIZLI, Mevlüt EMEKCI Effectiveness of a Turkish Natural Diatomaceous Earth Formulation Against Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) On Wheat and Paddy12.15 Mehmet A. GÜLTEKĮN, Özgür SAĞLAM, Ali A. IŞIKBER Insecticidal Efficacy of Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Deposits against Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae) adults on chickpea 12.30 Nazife EROGLU, Mevlut EMEKCI Insecticidal Potential of a Turkish Natural Zeolite Formulation Enhanced with Silica Aerogel Against Confused Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) For Short and Long Term Applications12.45 Magda M.A. SABBOUR Role of the Imidacloprid and nanoimidacloprid on Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under store and laboratory conditions12.55 Magda M.A. SABBOUR Pathogenicity of Imidacloprid and its nano against Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) under laboratory and store conditions13.05 Magda M.A. SABBOUR The effect of Imidacloprid and nano Imidacloprid against Sitophilus granarius under laboratory and store conditions13.15 Shahzad SALEEM, L.J. MASON, M. HASAN, M. SAGHEER, Q. ALI,


W. SAJID, A. MEHMOOD. Fumigant insecticidal efficacy of higher concentrations of ozone gas (O3) towards Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus

13.30 Discussion13.45 Lunch (M Hotel – self-funding)14.15 Conference excursion (bus in front of M Hotel)15.00 Port of Koper (presentation of the port, activities of the company DDD d.o.o., and Phytosanitary Inspection procedures)18.00 Conference Dinner at the Adria Ankaran Hotel

Wednesday 5 July, 2017 (M Hotel)

Prevention of microflora infection and development of mycotoxinsSession Chair: Christos ATHANASSIOU (Greece) Keynote Speaker: Corrado FANELLI (Italy)

8.30 Corrado FANELLI Biological effects of an exopolysaccharide of Trametes versicolor9.00 Azeddine DRIOUICH, Romain CASTILLEUX, Marc ROPITAUX, Sophie BERNARD, Isabelle BOULOGNE, Marie-Laure FOLLET GUEYE, Maité VICRÉ The root anti-microbial compounds as protectants for stored products9.15 Ana MAGRO, Anabela RAYMUNDO, Patrícia FRADINHO, Isabel SOUSA, Maria Otília CARVALHO Hermetic storage of paddy rice: the impact of Relative Humidity on fungi infection and on rheology of the pastes9.30 Discussion Quarantine and regulatory issuesSession Chair: Shlomo NAVARRO (Israel) Keynote Speaker: Vaclav STEJSKAL (Czech Republic)

9.45 Vaclav STEJSKAL Quarantine and control storage and package pests: past and present10.15 Frank ARTHUR Susceptibility of Trogoderma granarium (Everts) to residual insecticides10.30 Shlomo NAVARRO, Hagit NAVARRO A device for quick evaluation resistance of packaging films to penetration by storage insects

10.45 Coffee break11.15 Paraskevi AGRAFIOTI, V. SOTIROUDAS, C. GÖTZE, J. ALLEGRA, G. JACOB, C.G. ATHANASSIOU Evaluation of phosphine resistance in stored-product insects from Greece using two assessment methods11.30 Charles E. KONEMANN, George P. OPIT, Hubhachen ZHAORIGETU Further Demonstration of Widespread Phosphine Resistance in


Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) in Oklahoma11.45 Ali A. IŞIKBER, Özgür SAĞLAM, Hüseyin BOZKURT, İnanç Ş. DOĞANAY Determining Phosphine Resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Populations From Different Geographical Regions of Turkey12.00 Erhan KOÇAK, Abdullah YILMAZ, Yasįn Nazim ALPKENT, Saįt ERTÜRK Phosphine resistance to some coleopteran pests in stored grains across Turkey12.15 Abdullah YILMAZ, Erhan KOÇAK Phosphine resistance in the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) populations from Turkey12.30 Maria SAKKA, Jonny ALLEGRA, Gerhard JACOB, Carolin GÖTZE, Vasilis SOTIROUDAS, Christos G. ATHANASSIOU Evaluation of phosphine tolerance in stored product insects in Europe12.45 Discussion13.15 Lunch (M Hotel – self-funding)

Wood-boring, urban and museum pestsSession Chair: Cornel ADLER (Germany) Keynote Speaker: Pascal QUERNER (Austria)

14.30 Pascal QUERNER Integrated Pest Management in the protection of cultural heritage: museums, archives and libraries15.00 Sara SAVOLDELLI, F. CAPPITELLI, P. CORTESI, M. SARACCHI, F. TROIANO, F. VILLA Damages of Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire (Coleoptera Anobiidae) in a library15.15 Claudia SOTGIA, Maria Cristina REGUZZI, Alessia BERZOLLA, Elisabetta CHIAPPINI Five years of preventive pest management in the Historical Archives of the Diocese of Lodi (Italy)15.45 Discussion

Future trends on all aspects of storage pest controlSession Chair: Ali ISIKBER (Turkey) Keynote Speaker: Frank ARTHUR (USA)

16.00 Frank ARTHUR Current and Future Trends in Stored Product Entomology16.30 Lidia LIMONTA, Sara SAVOLDELLI, Paola GIRGENTI, Daria P. LocATELLI Development of Tribolium castaneum on dust16.45 George OPIT, Abena OCRAN, Kandara SHAKYA Survival of stored- product psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) at 43% and 50% relative humidity17.00 L. DRIES-ZHANG, Frank H. ARTHUR, G. J. DAGLISH, Christos G. ATHANASSIOU The Journal of Stored Products Research: the living history of stored product protection17.15 Alberto TONDA FoodMC: a COST Action to promote modeling in


food science and industry 17.30 Julia BELLO-BRAVO Scalable Educational Strategies for Low-literate Learners in Developing Nation Countries as it Relates to Integrated Protection of Stored Products (IPSP)17.45 Pasquale TREMATERRA Remarks on Integrated Pest Management in Food Chain18.00 Discussion18.15 Conclusions


Posters (July 4-5, 2017)

Physical, chemical and other techniques for stored product pest control

1. Yeter BİLGİLİ, Ali A. IŞIKBER, Hasan TUNAZ, Christos G. ATHANASSIOU, Özgür SAĞLAM, Inanç DOGANAY, M. Kubilay ER Rapid Insect Disinfestation of Dried Figs by Fumigation of Propylene Oxide as Alternative to Methyl Bromide

2. Marijana PRAŽIĆ GOLIĆ, Petar KLJAJIĆ, Goran ANDRIĆ Residual efficacy of cyper-methrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

3. Francisco J. WONG-CORRAL, Jordi RIUDAVETS, Jesús BORBOA-FLORES, Rey D. ITURRALDE-GARCÍA Use of modified atmospheres for the control of chickpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and its effect on commercial quality of grain and seed in Mexico

4. Radek AULICKY, Vlastimil KOLAR, Jan PLACHY, Vaclav STEJSKAL The efficacy CA of the field test on the developmental stage of four species primary pests

5. Claudia SOTGIA, Maria Cristina REGUZZI, Rinaldo NICOLI ALDINI, Alessia BER-ZOLLA, Elisabetta CHIAPPINI Larvae of stored-product pests exposed to controlled atmosphere enriched with nitrogen and not minimal content of oxygen

6. SUMA P., LA PERGOLA A., RUSSO A., CHINNICI G., BELLA S., PECORINO B., PAPPALARDO G. An entomological and economic analysis of heat treatment in italian flour mills

7. Nickolas G. KAVALLIERATOS, John CHRONOPOULOS, Dimitrios Ch. KONTODI-MAS, George KARACHALIOS, Luca BERNABEI Effect of microwave treatment with a new magnetron prototype on the mealwarm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

8. Hasan USLU, Mehmet KUBILAY, Ali Arda IŞIKBER, Hasan TUNAZ Effects of Tem-perature and Relative Humidity on the Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and Diatoma-ceous Earth Combine Application Against Sitophilus oryzae Adults

9. Önder BAYTEKIN, Özgür SAĞLAM* Insecticidal Efficacy of Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Deposits in Stored Paddy against Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.)

10. Petar KLJAJIĆ, Goran ANDRIĆ, Marijana PRAŽIĆ GOLIĆ, Marija STEVANOVIĆ, Slavica GAŠIĆ Effects of bifenthrin formulation with natural zeolite on Sitophilus ory-zae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in wheat grain

11. Petr A. YAKOVLEV, Yakov B. MORDKOVICH, Natalia N. KARAMYSHEVA, Ekate-rina G. PHETYUKHINA Efficacy of diatomaceous earth against stored product pests and its impact on the quality of the grain

12. Tanja BOHINC, Jerneja JELNIKAR, Aleksander HORVAT, Petar KLJAJIĆ, Goran AN-DRIĆ, Marijana PRAŽIĆ GOLIĆ, Stanislav TRDAN Research on insecticidal efficacy of three different wood ashes against maize weevil [Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)] adults under laboratory conditions

13. Tanja BOHINC, Aida DERVIĆ, Aleksander HORVAT, Petar KLJAJIĆ, Goran AN-DRIĆ, Marijana PRAŽIĆ GOLIĆ, Stanislav TRDAN Effects of natural and synthetic zeolites against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Coleoptera, Curculioni-dae) adults under laboratory conditions

14. Filip VUKAJLOVIĆ, Dragana PREDOJEVIĆ, Vesna PERIŠIĆ, Snežana PEŠIĆ Efficacy


of natural diatomaceous earth products from Serbia against the fifth larval instar of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

15. Stanislav TRDAN, Tanja BOHINC, Martin SNOJ, Marijana PRAŽIĆ GOLIĆ, Petar KL-JAJIĆ, Goran ANDRIĆ Assessment of the efficacy of spinetoram and spinosad against adults of three Sitophilus species reared on four different winter wheat varieties

Methods of pest prevention during storage, transportation and handling of stored products

16. Snežana TANASKOVIĆ, Sonja GVOZDENAC, Filip VUKAJLOVIĆ, Snežana PEŠIĆ, Kristina MILJKOVIĆ, Dragana PREDOJEVIĆ Losses of walnut, almond and hazelnut kernels as a result of Plodia interpunctella larval feeding

17. Sonja GVOZDENAC, Snežana TANASKOVIĆ, Jelena OVUKA, Vladimir MIKLIČ, Mladen TATIĆ, Dejan PRVULOVIĆ, Filip VUKAJLOVIĆ Plodia interpunctella Hüb-ner – primary or secondary pest of sunflower seeds in Serbia

18. S. Ch. PAPADOPOULOU, M. K. KORDISTA The infestation’s preference of wheat seeds by Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in different varieties

Biological control of stored product pests

19. William R. MORRISON III, T.P. KUHAR, J.C. BERGH, J. WALGENBACH, T.C. LESKEY Evaluation of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring and management of nuisance pest problems associated with the invasive brown marmorated stink bug

20. Alonso ARROYO, Laura NIÑO, Artiom CARMONA, Paulo BESERRA, Gerardo MEDINA, Xavier LÉRY, Miguel LÓPEZ-FERBER Biological and molecular analysis of an isolated Granulovirus-Tecia solanivora for protection of stored potatoes collected in the Andes of Venezuela

21. Salvatore GUARINO, Ezio PERI, Stefano COLAZZA, Mokhtar ABDULSATTAR ARIF, Maurizio SAJEVA, Giuseppe BRAGHIERI, Nadia ZINI, Marco CAIMI, Francesca TAVELLA, Pietro ZITO Electrophysiological and behavioral studies to test attractants semiochemicals for Stegobium paniceum L. (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)

22. Mehmet KUBILAY, Ali Arda IŞIKBER, Hasan TUNAZ Effect of collection season, host species and incubation on the virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates from Adana, Turkey against Rhyzopertha dominica adults

23. Zdeňka SVOBODOVÁ, Oxana SKOKOVÁ HABUŠTOVÁ, Konstantin S. VI-NOKUROV Why is Cry3Aa toxin insufficiently effective against some tenebrionid storage pests?

24. Maria DEL MAR MORALES-AMARAL, Enric VILA RIFÁ Amblyseius swirskii for controlling dehydrated fruit pest

25. Marco AMANTE, Pompeo SUMA, Matthias SCHÖLLER, Agatino RUSSO The Bethyl-idae (Hymenoptera): a tool for biological control programmes in food Industries

26. M. SALERNO, G. MAZZEO, P. SUMA, A. RUSSO, G. PELLIZZARI, F. PORCELLI


Regular introduction of living Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell 1895) (Hemiptera Diaspidi-dae) on infested igname (Dioscorea spp.) tubers, imported as ethnic food in EPPO area

Natural products

27. Miloš PETROVIĆ, Danijela KOJIĆ, Aleksandra POPOVIĆ, Jovana ŠUĆUR, Tijana STOJANOVIĆ, Milica AĆIMOVIĆ, Đorđe MALENČIĆ Catalase activity in two stored product pests exposed to Anethum graveolens L. essential oil

28. Goran ANDRIĆ, Petar KLJAJIĆ, Marijana PRAŽIĆ GOLIĆ Efficacy of oxymatrine against Sitophilus granarius (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium confusum Du Val in wheat grain

29. Olfa BACHROUCH, Abdelkarim AYDI, Iness JABRI KAROUI, Soumaya HAOUEL HAMDI, Jazia SRITI, Nithal SALEM, Kamel MSAADA, Majdi HAMAMI, Emna BOUSHIH, Manef ABDERRABA, Ferid LIMAM, Jouda MÉDIOUNI BEN JEMÂA Fumigation with Pistacia lentiscus essential oil: efficacy for the control of Tribolium castaneum and impact on the wheat flour quality

30. M. HEDJAL EP CHEBHEB, A. KELLOUCHE, Jouda MEDIOUNI BEN JEMAA, Larbi Mohamed KHOUDJA Fumigant Effect of Tunisian Essential Oils on Hidden C. macu-latus Individuals

31. Jarongsak PUMNUAN, Atjima NUCHPO, Chunya KONGRITH, Ammorn INSUNG Effects of clove and cinnamon essential oils on stored product quality and population growth of the mold mite (Tyrophagus communis) and the predatory mite (Cheyletus sp.)

32. E.N. NUKENINE, C. SAIDOU, D. NANGUIANAN D., K.H. TOFEL, K.H., C. AD-LER Efficacy of methanolic extract and essential oil of Lippia adoensis (Hochst. ex Walp.) against stored Bambara groundnut pest, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Wood-boring, urban and museum pests

33. Mehmet Ramazan RİŞVANLI, Özgür SAĞLAM, Hasan TUNAZ, Ali Arda IŞIKBER, Kadir ÖZCAN, Mehmet Kubilay ER Determination of Residual Contact Toxicity of Semi-Synthetic Spinosyn Insecticide, Spinetoram Against 3-4 Nymph Stages of Ameri-can Cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L.

34. Judith AUER, Deborah SCHWEINFEST, Alexander KASSEL A new biological control method for the common furniture beetle: Parasitic wasps versus Anobiidae

35. Yasemin Bengü ŞAHAN, Ali A. IŞIKBER, Hasan TUNAZ, M. KUBILAY Fumigant tox-icity of plant essential oils and selectedmonoterpenoid components against 1-3 nymph stages of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

36. Olga CHIESA, Michela PANINI, Maria Cristina REGUZZI, Claudia SOTGIA, Ema-nuele MAZZONI Evaluation of novel ecofriendly synergists for insecticide formula-tions against Blattella germanica (L.)

37. Maria Cristina REGUZZI, Claudia SOTGIA, Gabriele CANALI, Alessia BERZOLLA, Elisabetta CHIAPPINI, Giulia PEZZINI Preventive conservation and IPM: their sus-tainability for cultural properties protection

38. Maria Cristina REGUZZI, Claudia SOTGIA, Valentina CINIERI, Emanuele ZAMPER-


INI Insect pests of insulation wool panels

Prevention of microflora infection and development of mycotoxins

39. L. MONCINI, S. SARRocCO, G. PACHETTI, A. MORETTI, M. HAIDUKOWSKI, G. VANNACCI Grain storage under N2 controlled atmosphere: An eco friendly method against mycotoxigenic fungi and pests

40. Brankica TANOVIĆ, Jovana HRUSTIĆ, Milica MIHAJLOVIĆ, Goran DELIBAŠIĆ Effects of antagonistic bacteria and their mixtures on Monilinia fructicola

Future trends on all aspects of storage pest control

41. Soumaya HAOUEL HAMDI, Meriem LABIDI, Mariam HEDJAL-CHEBHEB, Moez AMRI, Ali OUJI, Emna BOUSHIH, Jouda MEDIOUNI BEN JEMÂA Could host adap-tation and host alternation be suitable alternatives for safer control of the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus during storage?

42. D. R. THAKUR Eco-friendly management of stored product pests – a case of stored legumes pest

43. S. PAPADOPOULOU, C. CHRYSOHOIDIS New observations in food preference of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

44. Primož ŽIGON, Jaka RAZINGER, Špela MODIC Seasonal dynamics of lepidopteran stored grain pests in Central Slovenia

45. Aleksandra IGNJATOVIĆ ĆUPINA, Petar KLJAJIĆ, Goran ANDRIĆ, Marijana PRAŽIĆ GOLIĆ, Mihaela KAVRAN, Dušan PETRIĆ The effect of various grains to adult body size and life cycle parameters of Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.)

46. Suliman A. I. ALI, Mory M. DIAKITE, Saqib ALI, Man Qun WANG Effects of the an-tennal sensilla distribution pattern on the behavioral responses of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

47. Snežana TANASKOVIĆ, Sonja GVOZDENAC, Filip VUKAJLOVIĆ, Snežana PEŠIĆ, Kristina MILJKOVIĆ, Dragana PREDOJEVIĆ The impact of walnuts, almonds and hazelnuts as a nutrient medium on larval development of Plodia interpunctella

48. Mohammed Z. KHALAF, Iman M. AHMED, Falah H. NAHER The effect of time's ex-posure and thickness of material on efficacy of microwave energy in some different stag


Role of Temperature in the Biology and Control of Stored Product Insects

Paul Fields

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Engineering, Information and Technology Complex, 75A Chancellor's Circle, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6 Canada ([email protected])

Abstract: Insects are affected by temperature in all aspects of their biology: ecology, re-production, behaviour, physiology and biochemistry. Stored-product insects reproduce be-tween 15 and 35⁰C, with maximum reproduction ocurring at approximately 33⁰C. Above and below these temperatures insects can move, but cannot complete their development. Temperatures below 5⁰C and above 40⁰C insects cannot walk, and will eventually die. Be-tween -15 and -25⁰C insects freeze and die instantaneously. There are significant changes to these general patterns depending upon species, life stage and acclimation. For example, in-sects can become 10 times more resistant to cold if acclimated at cool temperatures (5-15⁰C) before being exposed to sub-zero temperatures. The speed and direction of movement is affected by temperature. The implications for trapping and sampling are discussed. Examples of using low and high temperature to control insects are given. In general insec-ticides work better at higher temperatures, but some insecticides have only a small increase in efficacy (methyl bromide), whereas others have a decrease in efficacy (pyrethrins) with higher temperatures.

Key words: Heat, cold, movement, insecticide, diapause, freeze


Grain cleaning as a management tool to control internal-feeding pests

Nicolas Bareil

ARVALIS – Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale Boigneville 91720 FRANCE ([email protected])

Abstract: Although cleaning has been proposed as a management tool to limit population growth of external-feeding pests (Phillips and Throne, 2009), only one study gives detailed references on grain cleaning as a mean of disinfestation against internal-feeding pests (Armitage et al., 1996). The objective of this study was to evaluate grain cleaning efficacy against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius). The pilot scale cleaner comprised independent and adjustable air and grain flow rates, and two inclined sieves. Twelve barrels were filled with 90 Kg of soft wheat, infested with 5 adults per Kg of one of the studied species, and cleaned or poured in another barrel to simulate grain turning. Adult-free wheat could be obtained causing a weight loss of 1.9+0.64%, with aspiration play-ing a major role in insect recovery. No significant difference was observed for emergence reduction rate (e.r.r) of both species between cleaning and pouring. The non-negligible e.r.r observed depended significantly on initial number of live insect per Kg and specie. A sig-nificant correlation was observed between e.r.r and initial immature infestation for R.dom-inica but not for S.oryzae, for which mean e.r.r caused by grain disturbance was 67+15%. This study, in the light of other dealing with grain disturbance, suggests that grain cleaning, applied to an early detected infestation and at adequately timed intervals could achieve very high level of mortality for internal-feeding pests.

Key words: Grain cleaning, Physical disturbance, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Control


Available measures for control of stored product pests regarding integrated protection and research

Darka Hamel

Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Za-greb, Croatia ([email protected])

Abstract: Storage product pests make damage to stored corn, wheat and other grains but can appear in empty storages. IPM is performed including mechanical, physical, biological and chemical measures to avoid damages. Most common are mechanical by removing of organic and inorganic waste in empty storages and grains. Cooling by moving of grains or injection of cold air is used to decrease or stop damages whereas in flour mills heat treatment is per-formed. Due to insufficient activity to protect grains in storage applied are registered pesti-cides. To avoid use of chemicals many research is done using naturally ocurring substances like diatomaceous earth, plant parts or oils as well as parasites or predators. Although many of substances are of natural origin this doesn’t mean that they are not dangerous for humans or animals. For such substances beside efficacy and known identity toxicology, metabolism, fate and behaviour in environment and ecotoxicology must be evaluated. The same proce-dure is foreseen for products based on microorganisms like Bacillus spp. Products applied on grains are registered according to Directive 1107/2009/EC whereas for empty storages in accordance with Biocidal products regulation 528/2012/EU. Parasites and predators are not widely used. Mainly results of research have been obtained in laboratories or small scales. It will be important to do tests in storages with thousands of tons of grains and explain appli-cation methods that are often obstacles in use.

Key words: stored product pests, IPM, naturally ocurring substances, legislation, applica-tion mehods


Experiences on the use of Ekontrol, remote control system, for real-time monitoring of rodent control stations

Giuseppe Spina

Ekommerce – Pest Control Products, Atessa (Chieti), Italy([email protected])

Abstract: Rodents are often a big problem for the food factories. They can cause signifi-cant direct and indirect damages to the foods. The EU Biocides Regulation 528/2012 (EU BPR), and the Risk mitigation measures for anticoagulant rodenticides as biocidal products, has introduced great limitations in the use of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARS). Therefore, the three line classic of defence can not be used with SGARS to moni-toring and control rodents. The indoor use is not possible in food factories and outside the structures are not permitted permanent bait systems. According to IPM programs, the mon-itoring system must be accurate and fast. Ekontrol is a system developed to verify real-time various types of rodent monitoring and control systems, like Ekomille, Bait Box, Multiple Catch Traps. The Ekontrol hardware is able to detect movement associated with heat and later can send a message to a specific web platform. Differently to the other systems presents in the market, Ekontrol do not need to have a control unit and every sensor is completely independent. The communication system takes place through a GSM/GPRS network.The Ekontrol management software receives the data and daily check the condition of the Ekon-trol hardware and send notify in real-time on the smartphone. In the present study are re-ported field trials carried out to evaluate the remote monitoring system Ekontrol in rodent management programs.

Key words: Ekomille®, Ekontrol, rodent management, field trial, food factories


The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for the Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss: Maize Post-Harvest Loss Mitigation in Ghana

George Opit1*, Frank Arthur2, James Campbell2

1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078-3033, USA.2USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502-2736, USA.*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The USAID-funded Feed the Future Innovation Lab for the Reduction of Post-harvest Loss (PHLIL) was launched in 2014. This Lab is administered through Kansas State University, but includes researchers from many institutions. One of the focus areas within this broad project is reducing maize postharvest losses in Ghana. Most of the maize produc-tion in Ghana is in the Middle Belt and Northern Region. The Middle Belt has two maize production seasons, the major season and minor season. These seasons cover the periods April-August/September and September-December, respectively. In the Northern Region, the maize production season is June-October (but maize is left in the field to dry until late November/December). The most serious problem facing smallholder farmers in the Middle Belt is difficulty in drying their major season maize. The window for drying is only approx-imately four weeks in August and September when it is rainy and mostly overcast. Posthar-vest losses are primarily due to mold and aflatoxin in the Middle Belt and due to insect pests in Northern Region. Over the last 3.5 years Ghana PHLIL has identified tools that could be applied to help alleviate these losses and is initiating their scale up. Technologies that have been identified, researched, pilot tested, and now in the initial stages of being scaled up in-clude the PHL low-cost moisture meter, 1- and 5-MT solar biomass hybrid dryers, ZeroFly® Hermetic Storage Bags, and 7-MT adapted water tank silos. Ghana PHLIL progress and future plans will be discussed.

Keywords: stored product, technology scale up, storage pest, integrated pest management


Natural products as biopesticides for sustainable foodstuff pest control

Barbara Conti

Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80 Pisa, Italy ([email protected])

Abstract: The foodstuff pests are a global issue and cause of the loss of huge quantities of food worldwide. Currently, their control mainly relies on synthetic insecticides, which, how-ever, are not environmentally sustainable and may affect human health. Thus, alternative eco-friendly and safe practices, are strongly encouraged. Recently, strong efforts are being made to identify and characterize natural products with insecticidal and/or repellent activi-ty against insect pests. Those products defined biopesticides are a broad group that include, botanicals (essential oils and vegetal extracts), natural inert dusts as well as microorganisms derived compounds. Generally, their low toxicity, no residues in food, high efficacy at low concentrations make the use of biopesticides highly promising. Currently, the relatively high cost and the variability of effectiveness make biopesticides a niche product in the insecticide market. However, new formulation strategies are being evaluated and, even if it is unlikely that biopesticides will replace chemical food protection within the next years, it is certain that the number of biopesticides-based products will increase and the costs will fall guar-anteeing an increasing place in the market for them for the foreseeable future. In Tuscany (Italy), a research project based on the synergic combination of inert dusts and botanicals against foodstuff pests, is in progress.

Keywords: biopesticides, botanicals, inert dusts, fungi, bacteria


Insecticidal and antifeeding activity of several botanicals against Rhyzopertha dominica Fabricius

Sonja Gvozdenac1*, Dejan Prvulović2, Vojislava Bursić2, Snežana Tanasković3, Mladen Tatić1, Jelena Ovuka1, Filip Vukajlović3

1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia3University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) is one of the most important insect pests of wheat, during storage. It leads to reduction in quality, quantity and marketability of this crop. Thus, the prevention of food losses during storage is of great economic importance. Recent-ly, there has been a growing interest in the use of plant-based preparations (botanicals), as alternatives to chemical insecticides. The aim of this work was to assess the insectidical and antifeeding activity of Verbascum nigrum, Echium italicum and Erigeron canadensis (0.5, 1, 2%) ethanol extracts and botanical insecticides based on pyrethrin (0.01, 0.02, 0.05%) and azadirachtin (0.75, 1.5, 3%), on R. dominica adults. Effects were determined in contact-di-gestive test on wheat grains, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days after the treatment. Antifeeding effect was assessed according to AFI values. High mortality of R. dominica adults was recorded in treatments with pyrethrin (62.5-100%) and azadirachtin (74.5-100%), regardless on expo-sure periods and applied concentrations. Satisfactory mortality was recorded after 48 h in treatments with 2% V. nigrum (43.7%) and E. italicum (42.0%), and after 72 h and 7 days in 2% extracts of V. nigrum (68.7, 75.5%, respectively), E. italicum (67.5, 88.0%, respectively) and E. canadensis (53.5, 63.5%, respectively). According to AFI values, only 2% extracts of V. nigrum and E. italicum expressed week antifeeding activity after 7 days of exposure.

Keywords: wheat, R. dominica, botanicals, antifeeding, insecticides


Juniperus macrocarpa: a Mediterranean resource against stored food insect pests

Stefano Bedini1, Francesca Cosci1, Guido Flamini2, Roberta Ascrizzi2, Tiziana Lombardi1, Andrea Bertacchi1, Jessica Girardi1, Barbara Conti1

1Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56124 Pisa, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Coleoptera Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Curculionidae) and Cryptolestes ferrugi-neus (Steph.) (Laemophloeidae) are among the most important primary pests of all types of grain, pasta, flour, legumes, and tobacco. Essential oils, extracted from aromatic plants, due to their repellent properties and very low toxicity to mammalians, could represent a valid, alternative to chemical repellents for the protection of stored foodstuff. In this study, the essential oil extracted from Juniperus macrocarpa Sm. (Cupressaceae) (JEO), native of Med-iterranean sand dune habitat, was chemically analyzed and its repellent activity against S. oryzae and C. ferrugineus was evaluated by the Area Preference Method. The results showed that JEO was constituted mainly by mono and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. JEO major chemical was α-pinene, repeatedly reported as a very effective repellent against stored food insect pests. The bioassays indicated that JEO exerts a good repellency against S. oryzae and C. ferrugineus. Interestingly, C. ferrugineus is about 15 times more susceptible to JEO than S. oryzae. The obtained results showed that JEO could represents an effective, broad-spectrum bio-repellent to be used as sustainable alternative to synthetic insect repellents to fight the losses caused to stored food by insect pests.

Keywords: biopesticides, essential oil, large-fruited juniper, rice weevil, rusty grain beetle


The three-year development of new natural insecticide formulations based on inert dusts and botanicals in Croatia

Vlatka Rozman*, Zlatko Korunić, Josip Halamić, Anita Liška, Renata Baličević, Ines Galović, Pavo Lucić

University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The authors describe a three-year research project financed by the Croatian Sci-ence Foundation, DIACROMIXPEST IP -11-2013-5570 on the development of natural in-secticide formulation in Croatia in order to apply in the stored products protection. The significance of these formulations is the technology of mixing and various combinations of inert dusts based on Croatian diatomite with several Croatian plant substances. The synergy of physical and chemical mode of action of these formulations obtained better performance on insect compared when the same substances applied alone, but also slows down the pos-sible emergence of resistance. Given that all of the substances in the formulations of natural origin, there should be no concern about harmful residues of the insecticide in processed goods, on surfaces and in space.

Keywords: natural insecticides, inert dusts, diatomite, plant substances, formulations


Green clay aromatized powder formulation for controlling Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) on stored chickpeaSoumaya Haouel-Hamdi1, Olfa Bachrouch2, Mariam Hedjal-Chebheb3, Moez Amri4, Chokri Massoudi5, Ezzeddine Saadaoui6, Emna Boushih1, Jouda Mediouni-Ben Jemâa1*

1Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia, 2Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (IN-RAT), Université de Carthage, Rue Hedi Karray,Tunis, Ariana 2049, Tunisia3Faculty of Biologic and Agronomic Sciences, University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-ouzou, Algeria,4Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program (BIGM), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco,5National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology B.P.676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia6Regional Station of Gabes-Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Waters and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, BP 67, Gabès Mnara 6011, Tunisia*Correspondign author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In Tunisia, the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is the most damaging pests of food legume stored grains mainly stored chickpea Cicer arietinum. Its control is based on the use of synthetic fumigants. However, these pesticides have various undesirable effects such as environmental pollution, pesticide residues, toxicity to non target organism and pest resistance, in addition to direct toxicity to users. Thus, safer alternatives are need-ed. This study reports the effectiveness of two green clay aromatized powder formulations fumigation against adults of C. maculatus and with the crude essential oils as reference. Two essential oils namely Eucalyptus leucoxylon and E. lehmani were used. The aromatized powder formulations efficacy was measured by pest mortality, fecundity, fertility and emergence of progeny. GC-MS analysis showed that α-pinene and 1,8-cine-ol were the major component of the two oils with respective percentage of 10.43; 22.48% and 54.64; 51.57% for E. leucoxylon and E. lehmani respectively. Moreover, the aromatized powder formulations exhibited strongest adulticidal activities compared crude essential oils. Indeed, formulations achieved complete (100%) mortality against 76.6; 56.6% for E. lehm-ani and E. leucoxylon respectively after 24h of exposure at the highest concentration. In addition, significant reduction in both fecundity and fertility were observed between crude essential oils and aromatized powder formulations. In fact, fertility rate reached 74.87% for crude essential oils versus 31.05% for aromatized powder formulations.This result suggests the interest of applications of aromatized powder formulations for better pest management in storage structures. Indeed, in developing countries food legumes are major sources for human nutrition.

Keywords: Tribolium castaneum, Pistacia lentiscus, wheat, ocupation, quality


Aromatic plant essential oils for the control of blowflies in the production of dry-cured meat

Stefano Bedini, Francesca Cosci, Jessica Girardi, Barbara Conti*

Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The control of insect pest is an important aspect of industrial and home-made dry-cured meat. Salted meats such as dry-cured ham, bacon and beef are susceptible to insect and mite pests during the processing and aging. The fly Calliphora vomitoria (L.) (Calliphoridae), along with Piophila casei (L.) (Tephritidae), is the most important dipteran pest involved in the damage of home-cured meat products. In fact, C. vomitoria is known to be a vector of many foodborne pathogens and unintentional human ingestion of maggots by dry-cured meat consumption may lead to intestinal myiasis. In the cured meat production, C. vomitoria female oviposit on the meat immediately after the slaughtering, until the be-ginning of the aging. During the aging, newly emerged larvae, burrow deeply into the meat feeding on it and causing rots. As a consequence, the product is to be discarded with sub-stantial economic losses. The aims of this study, were to assess the toxicity and oviposition deterrence of Allium sativum L., Salvia officinalis L., and Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils (EOs) against C. vomitoria. Results showed that the EOs exert a good toxicity against adults and that they are able to deter C. vomitoria oviposition on fresh meat starting from the dose of 0.5% (v/v). Overall, this study showed the potential of the tested EOs for their use in the prevention of the infestation/contaminations by the blowfly C. vomitoria in the home-made and industrial productions of dry-cured meats.

Keywords: biopesticides, essential oils, dry-cured meat, repellency, toxicity


Selective activity of Cinnamomum verum essential oil against the rice weevils Sitophilus oryzae and its parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus in post-harvest pest management

Stefano Bedini, Francesca Cosci, Jessica Girardi, Rossella Bocchino, Barbara Conti*

Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Insect pests are worldwide a main cause of losses in stored food. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) is one of the most widespread and destructive primary in-sect pests of stored cereals and shelved products. Control insect pests mainly depends upon synthetic insecticides and fumigants, which however, have undesirable effects on non-target organisms, persistence of residues with environment and human health concern. Parasi-toids and predators of storage pests are notable for their potential as biological control. In this study, we evaluated the biological activity (repellency/attractiveness) of the essential oil (EO), extracted from the bark of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, against S. oryzae and its parasitoid, the pteromalid wasp Lariophagus distinguendus (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae). Bioassays have been conducted in an olfactometer by a two-choice test. The results showed that C. verum EO, is attractive towards S. oryzae but repellent against L. distinguendus de-pending on the dose. These results suggest that C. verum EO, in appropriate doses, may be used in selective traps attractive to the insect pest but avoided by the parasitoid, in integrated pest management programs of warehouse stored-product pests’ infestation.

Keywords: Essential oil, Repellency, Sitophilus oryzae, Lariophagus distinguendus, stored product protection


Postharvest control alternatives for the management of the moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Pyralidae) in Tunisia: Essential oil fumigation and its impacts on date quality

Maha Ben Abada1, Jouda Mediouni-Ben Jemâa2*

1National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia2Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Insti-tute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller is the most important and destruc-tive insect pest attacking dates both in field and during storage in Tunisia. It caused yearly great economic losses and is considered as a serious biosecurity threat to Tunisian date’s production and industry. It caused loss of weight and downgrading of the commercial val-ue of dates. Current available postharvest control methods are mainly based on the use of synthetic fumigants. However, most of the available fumigants have limitations in use due to various reasons including environmental drawbacks (residues, contamination …) and the development of resistance in pest species. Consequently, the use of such chemicals began to be restricted and even banned outright. Therefore, research on effective alternative meth-ods is needed. This paper reported results of several trials conducted using some essential oils derived from rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) for the control of the last instar larval stage of E. ceratoniae. Last instars developing inside fruit were treated with R. officinalis essential oil at 15, 25 and 75 µl/l air and mortalities were assessed after 7, 15 and 30 days of storage. Moreover, the impact of the essential oil on physic-chemical and organoleptic pro-prieties was investigated. Results indicated that the oil exhibited strong fumigant potentiali-ties. Moreover, the oil affected nutritional properties of dates. Furthermore, sensory analysis showed acceptability and appreciation of dates treated with R. officinalis oil. Our results suggest R. officinalis oil to be a potential date protectant for the carob moth E. ceratoniae management in stored dates.

Keywords: Ectomyelois ceratoniae, essential oil, dates, protectant, rosemary


Future trends in Biological Control of stored product pests

Jordi Riudavets

IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain([email protected])

Abstract: Biological control (BC) is applied worldwide during pre-harvest for arthropod pest management in a number of commercial crops. BC has been successfully adopted be-cause it has been proved to be a technically and economically feasible alternative to the use of chemical control. Moreover, consumers are increasingly demanding for free residue food products and legislation is promoting the use of more sustainable methods of pest manage-ment and a reduction in the use of synthetic pesticides. In comparison, BC is not yet consid-ered an option during the post-harvest processing chain, and it is far from being adopted by the food industry, except in few examples in some countries. However, the increase resist-ance of many pest species to insecticides, the reduction in the number of active compounds registered and, the adverse impacts on the environment are also relevant reasons to develop alternatives to the use of toxic compounds for stored products pest control. The biology and control efficacy of a number of natural enemies of stored product pests have been studied in laboratory conditions but, in contrast, very little information is available of their perfor-mance in semi-practical or commercial situations. In spite of that, there are several positive facts that indicate us why BC can be considered an alternative when pesticides fail or are not available for stored product pest management and how BC will be applied in the future on a much larger scale than it is used nowadays.

Keywords: Parasitoids, Predators, Entomopathogens, Insects and mites, Pest management


Use of predatory mites for the control of bruchids on stored chickpeas and beans

Rey D. Iturralde-García*, Jordi Riudavets, Cristina Castañé

IRTA, Entomología, 08348-Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Bruchid beetles (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) are key pests of stored legumes causing great losses worldwide, and their control is based exclusively on the applications of pesti-cides. Thus, there is a need for exploring alternative control measures in order to prevent pesticide derived problems. Biocontrol agents like predatory mites could contribute to their control in stored chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The re-search presented here aimed to determine the effectiveness of predatory mites on the control of the main bruchid pests species of legumes. The consumption of eggs and larval stages of bruchids by predatory mites were tested in the laboratory with promising results. Therefore, these biocontrol agents do have the potential to be complementary with others alternative controls strategies of these pests.

Keywords: bruchid beetles, predatory mites, stored legumes


Response of Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to plant extracts and Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an ectoparasitoidMansoor ul Hasan1, Qurban Ali2, Muhammad Asghar1, Shahzad Saleem3, Muhammad Faisal1

1Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan2Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Paki-stan3Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pa-kistan*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Present investigation was carried out to elucidate the extracts of botanicals i.e., Cichorium intybus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Trachyspermum ammi and Terminalia chebula, for their possible toxic effect against C. chinensis population. The results revealed that mortal-ity was highest (94.649%) in case of T. ammi treatment, followed by T. chebula with mor-tality value 56.929%. Mortality was 52.363% where application of C. intybus was carried out. Minimum mortality (34.500%) was observed in G. glabra treated grains. A natural ec-to-parasitoid, Anisopteromalus calandrae was used to manage the C. chinensis population. A. calandrae male and female adults (5, 10 and 15 pairs) were released to analyze the para-sitism efficiency. A. calandrae was reared in the laboratory on C. chinensis larvae. Honey was offered as a suitable food to parasitoid. The population of beetles and parasitoid were kept in uniform laboratory conditions in incubators at 30±2 ⁰C, 70±5% r.h. and 12:12, L:D. The parasitism data was recorded after the adult emergence of brunchid beetles. The experiment conducted under Completely Randomized Design and results statistically evaluated using statistical software at 5% level of significance. A. calandrae parasitized both larval and pupal stages of C. chinensis and preferred 4th instar larvae of C. chinensis. Large amount of A. calan-drae may efficiently control the C. chinensis population. As compared to control (1558.7 host adult), the minimum host emergence (699.00 host adult) was observed with high population density of A. calandrae. It was also obvious from the results, that mortality was increased with the increase in concentration so, a direct dose-mortality response was observed. Thus, in the light of this study it was suggested that these plants extracts and parasitoid would be a promising alternative for the control of C. chinensis during storage if application was done at proper time.

Keywords: Callosobruchus chinensis, Plant Extracts, Mortality, Anisopteromalus calandrae, Biological Control


How to locate Tribolium larvae: Long-range attractants and contact cues mediate the olfactory host search of Holepyris sylvanidis

Benjamin Fürstenau*, Monika Hilker

Julius Kühn‐Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin‐Luise‐Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany*Corresponding author e-mail:benjamin.fuerstenau@julius‐kuehn.de

Abstract: Most stored products are highly endangered by insect infestation that causes sig-nificant global losses every year. Application of parasitoids of stored product pest insects has been shown to be a promising alternative or addition to ecologically harmful pesticides. To improve this biocontrol method for protection of stored products, detailed knowledge of the factors driving the parasitoid´s host search is crucial. Here, we studied which natu-rally ocurring chemicals of stored products and infesting pest insects are used by the ecto-parasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) to locate its host. This parasitoid species preferably attacks larvae of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), one of the most important stored product pests in the food processing industry. Previous studies revealed that H. sylvanidis females are strongly attracted to odors released from host larval feces, particularly to 1-pentadecene and (E)-2-nonenal. Volatiles from the host´s habitat enhanced the attraction to these two hostassociated key compounds. We propose that a blend of host and habitat odors may be used by the parasitoid as long-range attractant for host location from a distance. Generally, when parasitoids are in close proximity to their hosts, contact cues of low volatility are important for host finding. Therefore, we investigat-ed short-range attraction of H. sylvanidis and demonstrated that the parasitoid randomly searches for contact host kairomones released from the host´s cuticle. The larval cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) were shown to be used for host recognition. Moreover, perception of CHC trails left by T. confusum larvae on the substrate elicited trail following behavior in H. sylvanidis.

Keywords: Stored product pest, larval parasitoid, host finding, GC-MS analysis, behavioral bioassays


Efficacy of Turkish Diatomaceous Earth in Combinations with Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill Against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)Zehra Aydin1, Ali A. Işikber1*, M. Kubilay ER1, Özgür Sağlam2, Inanç Doganay1, Hasan Tunaz1

1Kaharamanmaras Sutcu Imam University Agriculture Faculty Plant Protection Department Avsar Campus 46100 Kahramanmaras Turkey2 Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant protection Department, Tekirdağ/Tur-key*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this study, effectiveness of Turkish diatomaceous earth in combinations with entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) local isolate against stored grain insect pest, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). In this scope, biological tests were carried out in order to determine insecticidal activity of 250 and 500 ppm concentrations of Turkish diatomaceous earth (DE) alone, 150 and 300 ppm of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) local isolate alone and their binary combinations against R. dominica adults. The mortality of R. dominica adults and their numbers of progeny of F1 generation were determined 7 and 14 days after the treatments and 45 days after the complete of each biological test respectively. The results of biological tests on wheat indicated that all treatments of Turkish diatomaceous earth alone (250 ppm DE and 500 ppm DE) resulted in low mortalities of R. dominica adults. After 7 days of the treatments, all binary combinations of Turkish diatomaceous earth (DE) and B. bassiana local isolate (150 ppm EP+250 ppm DE, 150 ppm EP+500 ppm DE, 300 ppm EP+250 ppm DE, 300 ppm EP+500 ppm DE) resulted in higher mortalities of R. dom-inica adults than Turkish diatomaceous earth and B. bassiana local isolate alone treatments. However, no treatments did not produce the complete mortality of R. dominica adults after 7 day of the treatments. The mortalities of R. dominica adults at all binary combinations of DE and EP after 7 day of the treatments, were higher than sum of the mortalities of EP and DE alone treatments. After 14 day of the treatments all binary combinations of DE and EP except treatments at the highest concentration of EP (300 ppm) for R. dominica also resulted in significant increase of the mortality of R. dominica adults. The complete mortality of R. dominica adults was obtained at only binary combination of 300 ppm EP and 500 ppm DE after 14 days of treatment. In parallel with the mortality results obtained from biological tests, all binary combinations of DE and EP significantly reduced F1 progeny production compared with that at control treatment. However, all binary combinations of DE and EP except binary combination of 300 ppm EP and 250 ppm DE did not completely prevent F1 progeny production of R. dominica. In conclusion, this study indicated that the binary com-bination of Turkish diatomaceous earth and B. bassiana local isolate would have potential to be used for control of stored-grain insects.Keywords: Turkish diatomaceous earth, entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, Rhyzopertha dominica, biological tests


Delivering Beauveria bassiana with electrostatic powder for the control of stored-product beetles

Christos G. Athanassiou1*, Christos I. Rumbos1, Maria Sakka1, Olivier Potin2, Clare Storm3, Aoife B. Dillon3

1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Pro-duction and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece2Agrauxine, 18 Route DeMauvieres, Loches, France3Exosect Ltd, Leylands Business Park, Colden Common, Winchester, UK*Corresponding author e-mail:[email protected]

Abstract: The efficacy of a Beauveria bassiana-based formulation (Bb38) with Entostat, an electrostatically charged powder, was investigated as a surface treatment against Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Sitophilus granarius adults. In lab bioassays, the efficacy of Bb38 against the aforementioned species was examined on concrete, plywood, steel and ceramic, whereas its residual efficacy against the same species was assessed on concrete and steel in the presence or absence of illumination. Finally, the efficacy of Bb38 against O. surinamensis and S. granarius adults was assessed in a commercial grain storage facility under realistic field conditions. In the lab trials, O. surinamensis and C. ferrugineus were much more susceptible to Bb38 than S. granarius on all types of surfaces. Moreover, Bb38 was, at least for O. surinamensis and C. ferrugineus, as effective as the chemical stand-ard (deltamethrin) for at least 2 months after the application, regardless of the presence or absence of illumination. Finally, in the field trial Bb38 provided a satisfactory level of control against O. surinamensis. To conclude, Bb38 is an effective surface treatment, but its efficacy varies according to the target species, the type of surface and the time post-application.

Keywords: Entostat; Beauveria bassiana; surface treatment; entomopathogenic fungi; stored-product insects


Virulence of new formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory conditions

Muhammad Sagheer, Mansoor-ul-Hasan, Zaheer Abbas Gul, Atif Rauf, Ali Raza, Muhammad Qasim, Saqib Waqas

Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanCorresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Sitophilus oryzae is a serious pest of stored cereals and their products. It causes qualitative and quantitative losses to grains during storage. The insect have developed resist-ance to phosphine, deltamethrine and other synthetic insecticides in Pakistan. Application of synthetic organic insecticides also considered as a source of environmental pollution and mortality of non-target fauna. Therefore, there is a need to work on some alternatives for the management of stored grain insect pests. This research project was conducted to eval-uate the pathogenic potential of new formulations Pacer® and Racer® of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, respectively, against adult Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory conditions. Three doses (2 x 108, 4 x 108 and 6 x 108 conidia/kg of rice) of Pacer® (Metarhizium anisopliae) and Racer® (Beauveria bassiana) were applied and thoroughly mixed in rice grains; then weevils were released on treated rice. Data of mortality (%) were observed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of exposure. After 28 days, all the insects were sieved out from the treated rice. The food medium containing eggs were placed in incuba-tor to get the progeny data after 30 days. Data were analyzed statistically using Statistica-8 software. Means of significant treatments were compared using Tuckey-HSD test. Results revealed that mortality of insects increased with the increase of dose of formulated fungus and exposure time of treatment. Pacer (M. anisopliae) showed better results than Racer (B. bassiana). Maximum morality (88%) of S. oryzae was observed after 28 days in treatment where highest dose 6 x 108 conidia/kg of rice was applied. Significant effect of both fungi was observed on inhibition of progeny of S. oryzae. This effect was also directly related to the dose rate and duration of exposure period.

Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, toxicity, growth inhibition, stored product insects pests


Mortality and progeny emergence of four stored-grain insect species exposed to Beauveria bassiana and/or two diatomaceous earths on three grain commodities

Waqas Wakil1*, Thomas Schmitt2

1Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan2Department of Biogeography, Faculty Regional and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Trier, Germany*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin at 1.5 x 108 and 1.5 x 1010 conidia kg-1 of grains alone and mixed with two diato-maceous earth (DE) formulation Protect-It (150 ppm) and DEBBM (50 ppm) against adults of four stored grain insect species, Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Tri-bolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Lae-mophloeidae) and Liposcelis paeta (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). The trials were performed using wheat, maize and rice at 30⁰C and 70% relative humidity (rh). The adult insects were exposed to treated grains for 7, 14 and 21 d. For progeny emergence data, the treated units were retained under the same conditions for 62 d for all beetles and 30 d for psocids. The results exhibited a significant difference in adult mortality among grains and insect species, the combined use of B. bassiana and DEs increased adult mortality that was directly related with dose rate and exposure interval. In general, the treatments were least effective against T. castaneum and most effective against the adults of L. paeta. Similarly, more numbers of dead adults were found in wheat than in other two commodities. It is clearly concluded that the effectiveness of B. bassiana could be fortified by the presence of DE, but the efficacy varies among exposed insect species and commodities.

Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, diatomaceous earths, insects, stored grains, mortaity, prog-eny


Behavioural responses of Tribolium confusum to rice kernels: role of intra- and inter-specific competition on VOC emissions and female chemotaxis

Giulia Giunti*, Orlando Campolo, Vincenzo Palmeri

Department of Agriculture, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Olfaction is a key sense routing insect host selection and grain volatiles may en-hance granivorous pest orientation. Tribolium confusum J. du Val, is a secondary pest of stored cereals that benefits from primary pest infestation. However, competition may play a role on chemotaxis, altering the attractiveness of host resources. Here different host sources were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Firstly, we tested the attractiveness of intact and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky-damaged rice kernels to T. confusum females. In no-choice assays females positively oriented toward both odour sources, while, in two-choice bioassays, they preferred S. zeamais-infested rice over intact one, regardless the presence of adult maize weevils.To assess the effect of intra- and inter-specific competition, we tested the attractiveness of kernels concurrently infested by a primary (S. zeamais) and a second-ary pest [T. confusum or Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens)]. T. confusum females were at-tracted by both double-infested rices in no-choice assays. However, intra-specific infestation determined positive chemotaxis of females in two-choice tests, while rice simultaneously infested by C. ferrugineus and S. zeamais was less attractive than S.zeamais-damaged one, thus allowing T. confusum to avoid a competitive host-habitat. Lastly, HS-SPME and GC-MS analyses showed peculiar Voc profiles for every different infested rice, highlighting the presence of putative attractive and repellent chemicals.

Keywords: Sitophilus zeamais, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, host selection, insect ecology, mul-titrophic interactions


Mating Disruption for Management of Stored Product Insects: Principals and Practices

James F. Campbell

USDA-ARS-CGAHR-SPIERU, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502 ([email protected])

Abstract: Mating disruption (MD) is a pest management tactic based on the release of large amounts of synthetic pheromone into the environment in order to disrupt mate-finding behavior. Mating disruption has a long history of research as a pest management tactic for a range of crop systems, but has only recently become commercially available for manage-ment of stored-product insect pests inside structures. These MD products are based on the active ingredient (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZETA), which is a pheromone component shared by multiple pyralid moth species: i.e., Indian meal moth, Plodia inter-punctella (Hübner), tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella (Hübner), raisin moth, Cadra figulilella (Gregson), almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), and Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). An overview of research in this area will be presented along with the potential for developing MD for other pest species. Recent experimental evaluation of MD efficacy in retail stores will be summarized in more detail, since this large replicated study provides the ability to analyze efficacy and the factors that impact it. There are multiple competitive (e.g., competitive attraction, induced allopatry, and induced arrestment) and non-competitive mechanisms (e.g., desensitization, suppressed calling/mating, sensory im-balance, and camouflage) for how a MD program can impact mating behavior. Evidence for these different mechanism will be discussed as well as the broader ecological factors that can impact MD efficacy.

Keywords: mating disruption, IPM, stored pests


Large-scale applications of phosphine in commercial facilities by using wireless phosphine sensors

V. Sotiroudas1, P. Agrafioti2, C.G. Athanassiou2

1AgroSpeCom L.T.D., N. Kountourioti 3, 54625, Thessaloniki, Greece2 Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Pro-duction and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38443, N. Ionia, Mag-nesia, Greece Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The use of wireless phosphine sensors opens the barriers for extensive and con-tinuous gas monitoring. In this regard, we evaluated wireless sensors in order to illustrate gas concentration, but also to depict spatio-temporal distribution of the gas within a given facility and commodity. Moreover, this novel technique is able to evaluate the commodi-ty penetration speed in “real world” fumigations, its distribution attributes, the effects of temperature and relative humidity and the effectiveness of the dosages used in commercial applications. Based on our results, distribution in large warehouses is not usually adequate for a satisfactory level of insect control and any application will not lead automatically to uniform concentrations unless means of aeration/circulation are used. In fact, in light of our findings, it is likely that, in some of the cases tested, gas penetration in the tested commod-ities is minimal, suggesting that phosphine may not be effective. This is particularly impor-tant for traditional monitoring techniques, as any measurements correspond to the specific time of monitor and is not transferable to additional intervals, which makes fumigators to either overestimate or underestimate the outcomes of a given fumigation. One of the critical factors is that some biotic and abiotic conditions may have different weight per fumigation, i.e. often temperature may have less important role in phosphine concentration and distri-bution of phosphine than humidity or the commodity that is to be fumigated. Finally we found that increased concentrations cannot be used in some cases due to limitations of the free air and free humidity in a closed space. Overall, these tests that were carried out for the first time globally with phosphine sensors clearly suggested that the sensors were effective in measuring phosphine and are generally expected to play an important role in the near future in programs related with integrated pests management at the post-harvest stages of agricultural commodities.

Keywords: phosphine fumigation, monitoring, wireless sensors, stored product insects


Global uses for sulfuryl fluoride (ProFume® gas fumigant) for post-harvest pest control

Barbara Nead-Nylander, Ellen Thoms

Douglas Products and Packaging Co., LLC ([email protected])

Abstract: ProFume® gas fumigant (99.8% sulfuryl fluoride) is a broad spectrum, non-ozone depleting fumigant, manufactured by Douglas Products, for the control of rodent, insect and other invertebrate pests. ProFume is used to treat a wide range of stored products and structures which transport, store, and process commodities. ProFume was first registered in 2003 and is currently registered in 15 countries. ProFume is an odorless, colorless, rel-atively inert inorganic gas that does not cause off-flavors or form unpleasant odors. Due to its high vapor pressure and low sorption characteristics, ProFume effectively penetrates commodities to reach target pests, and aerates rapidly. As a result, ProFume has proven to be the fumigant of choice for many commodities and food processing/storage facilities during more than a decade of commercial use globally. These include high value commodities such as tree nuts, dried fruits, cocoa, and seed. The proprietary ProFume Fumiguide® provides flexibility for the applicator to vary exposure time and fumigant concentration to obtain the required dosage for pest control.Sulfuryl fluoride is not cross-resistant with phosphine and has been demonstrated to effectively control insects resistant to phosphine. ProFume is used in Australia and the United States as a rotational treatment for grain and other commodities infested with insects with known or suspected resistance to phosphine. Sulfuryl fluoride has been documented to effectively control quarantine pests, including the pinewood nematode and brown marmorated stinkbug. Research on sulfuryl fluoride for additional use patterns and pests continues to increase the practical applications for this versatile fumigant.

Keywords: sulfuryl floride, post-harvest, pest control


Influence of abiotic factors on the efficacy of insect growth regulators against Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Mansoor ul Hasan1, Qurban Ali2, Habib ur Rehman1, Hafiz Usman Shakir3, Shahzad Saleem4, Muhammad Faisal1

1Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan2Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan3Department of Agriculture, Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides, Lahore, Pakistan4Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Stored cereals and food products are severely infested by different insect pests. Trogoderma granarium is a most destructive insect pest of stored grains. Temperature and relative humidity affect the growth and development of these storage insect pests. Present study was designed to investigate the effects of different combinations of three temperatures (20, 25 and 30⁰C) and three relative humidity levels (55, 65 and 75%) on the efficacy of three synthetic IGRs i.e., pyriproxyfen, lufenuron and buprofezin at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10ppm on fecundity and adult emergence inhibition of T. granarium under controlled laboratory conditions. Counted numbers of grubs were exposed to IGRs at different levels of temperature and relative humidity. F1 adult emergence results showed that at temperature 20⁰C, highest percent reduction in adult emergence (84.38, 70.65 and 79.94%) was perceived after exposure to lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen caused 77.53, 80.00 and 80.32% reduction in adult emergence, respectively. Adults were exposed to IGRs at different temper-ature and relative humidity to evaluate the oviposition inhibition. The results revealed that at temperature 20⁰C, maximum percent reduction in fecundity (87.95, 80.45 and 70.55%) was perceived after exposure to buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron treated diet, respective-ly. At 75% relative humidity buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron caused 86.73, 83.72 and 69.11% reduction in fecundity, respectively. It is concluded that temperature and relative humidity play an important role in insect growth regulators effectiveness. Overall control of stored grain insect pests depends on some factors such as insect species, temperature, relative humidity, dose rate and time period.

Keywords: Trogoderma granarium, IGR, Efficacy, Abiotic factors


Control of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L., Col. Curculionidae) with vacuum

Cornel Adler

JKI, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany([email protected])

Abstract: Compared to hermetic grain storage, drawing a vacuum in a bag with stored products has two advantages: 1. The pressure of the elastic film on the product shows the quality of the vacuum seal and is proof that no pest has entered. 2. The reduction of inter-stitial oxygen reduces the probability of insects hatching and penetrating through the film to the outside during the initial phase of storage. Vacuum storage would help to maintain good product quality in durable stored products without the need of chemical agents even if they are slightly infested. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the granary weevil were tested regarding the effect of vacuum in bags with 1 kg of wheat grain at 14±.3 % m.c. While 30 adult beetles could move around in the grain, 100 grains of a respective developmental stage were kept in nylon gauze cages in the grain. 8-12 weeks exposure to 0.5 bar vacuum gave complete control of all stages at 20±oc Lethal exposure times may depend on temperature, total oxygen present, leakage, moisture content, species, developmental stage, and other fac-tors. When the vacuum was applied to rigid boxes with 1.8 L volume lethal exposure times increased. This may be attributed to a larger absolute amount of oxygen present or to a lack of pressure on the grains facilitating insect movement. Keywords: vacuum, oxygen, storage, control, Sitophilus


Acute and Delayed Toxicity Effects of Ozone on Internal and External Feeders of Stored Products

Rizana Mahroof*, Barbara Amoah, Jewel Wrighton

Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC 29117, USA*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Stored product insects cause significant damage to stored durable commodities. Insects are developing resistance to conventional fumigants warrants research into alterna-tives. Ozone gas kills insects and degrades rapidly in to oxygen, making it an effective and environmentally safe alternative. The objective of the work was to identify minimal exposure time and ozone concentration needed to attain 100% mortality of various life stages of ex-ternal or internal feeders. Orzaephilus mercator and Lasioderma serricorne life stages were exposed to ozone gas between 100-400 ppm at 50 ppm increments for 1 h or at 100 ppm concentration for 1-6 h, with or without food. Sitophilus oryzae life stages were exposed at 200 ppm concentration for 6-24 h at different depths of a grain column. Adult mortality was recorded at 0, 24 and 48 h, egg hatch was recorded up to day 10, and immature stages were observed till adult emergence. Dose-response-mortality for all species indicated that eggs and pupae were the most tolerant to ozone. For external feeders, higher mortality was observed for stages treated without food, which complemented when the ozone concentra-tion or exposure time has gradually increased. For the internal feeders, insect placed at 25 cm depth were most tolerant compared to those at the 5 cm depth. Delayed toxic effects of ozone was prominent throughout the experiment. Future results discuss concentration-time products needed to achieve 100% mortality of all stages of the insects.

Keywords: Cigarette beetle; merchant grain beetle; ozone; rice weevil; stored products


Control of stored product insects with high pressure carbon dioxide treatments

L. Süss1*, S. Savoldelli2, G. Cassani3, F. Lampugnani3, P. Filippini4, A. Paparatto4, A. Miliani5, L. Serrani6

1Università deli Studi di Milano2DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano3Laboratory of Applied Entomology Agroblu4Atelo engineering srl [email protected]@tenutamattioni.it*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The test was carried out in a test-autoclave reproducing in small-scale the exact process conditions of industrial plants. Four treatments of respectively 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes exposure to a 20 bar carbon dioxide application were performed on dried legumes, wrapped in typical industrial packaging materials. The effect on seven species of Coleoptera and two species of Lepidoptera included in the packaging at different developmental stages (adults, larvae and eggs) was investigated. As a result, the 100% of mortality for Bruchus lentis in the Big Bag type packaging was observed after 90 minutes, but an exposure of 120 minutes was necessary to achieve the complete control of Callosobruchus maculatus with beans packaged in water-proof coated bags used for shipping. In all other situations 100% of mortality was reached after 60 minutes.

Keywords: insects of stored products, carbon dioxide, high pressure 20 bar, seed weevils, treatment of packaging


Combine effect of diatomaceous earth and insect growth regulators against Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Qurban Ali1, Mansoor ul Hasan2, Shahzad Saleem3, Muhammad Zeeshan2, Najuf Awais Anjum2, Muhammad Faisal2 1Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan2Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan3Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal Pakistan*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Trogoderma granarium is a serious insect pest of stored cereals and their products. Current research was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of insect growth regu-lators (lufenuron and tebufenozide) and diatomaceous earth (DE) alone and in combination against Trogoderma garnarium. Both the IGRs were applied at 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75ppm while DE was applied at 250, 500 and 750ppm concentrations. All the treatments were replicat-ed three times under optimum growth conditions i.e., 30+ocand 65+5% r.h. The overall results revealed that the highest mortality 66.45% was noted in case of lufenuron followed by tebufenozide having 41.47% mortality value at 0.75ppm concentration. The application of DE was resulted into 84.95% mortality at 750ppm concentration. The combine applica-tion of lufenuron with DE resulted in highest mortality 91.63% at best concentrations. The percentage pupation due to the application of lufenuron, tebufenozide and DE were 1.56, 2.87 and 3.88%, respectively at their highest concentrations. The results regarding the adult emergence showed that the efficacy was in such order lufenuron > tebufenozide > DE. From these results it is also obvious that potency of these test chemicals was dose dependent. The combine applications of all the treatments revealed that a synergist effect was noticed against all the parameters under studied. From these results it is concluded that the combine application lufenuron, tebufenozide with DE would be a more promising alternative for the sustainable management of stored grains insect pests.

Keywords: IGRs, diatomaceous earth, Trogoderma granarium, mortality, management


Effectiveness of a Turkish Natural Diatomaceous Earth Formulation Against Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) On Wheat and Paddy

Kamil Emre Kurtuluş1, Nazife Eroglu Yalcin2, Ahmet Güray Ferizli1, Mevlüt Emekci1*

1Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection 06110 Ankara2The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK, Turkey*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: A Diatomaceous earth formulation of Turkish origin applied to wheat and paddy rice at different rates of up to 2 mg.kg-1 were evaluated against Stophilus oryzae (F) on week-ly basis for 28 days. Laboratory experiments were carried out at 25⁰C and 55% R.H. using 9 replicates per dose rate and 20 adults per replicate. Results were subjected to probit analysis to calculate LD values. For the statistical analysis, repeated measures of ANOVA were used, and for the post hoc analysis, student's t-test was used. On wheat and paddy rice mortality of S. oryzae increased with dose rate and exposure time and reached to 84,9% and 58,8%, respectively, after 28 day of exposure. LD50 values for wheat and paddy rice were calculated as to 1443.609 mg.kg-1 (825.917-2049.452) and 3445.398 mg.kg-1 (1921.729-8285.951).

Keywords: Diatomeceous earth, Paddy rice, Wheat, Stophilus oryzae, mortality, LD values


Insecticidal Efficacy of Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Deposits against Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae) adults on chickpea

Mehmet A. Gültekįn1, Özgür Sağlam2*, Ali A. Işikber3

1Repuclic of Turkey Ministry of Food,Agriculture and Livestock,Muratlı,Tekirdağ/Turkey2Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant protection Department, Tekirdağ/Turkey3Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant protection Department, Kahraman-maraş/Turkey*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this study, insecticidal efficiency of Turkish local diatomaceous earth (DE) deposits, BHN-1, FB2N-1 and BGN-1 against Cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae) adults was determined on chickpea. For this pur-pose, two different concentrations of BHN-1, FB2N-1 and BGN-1 and commercial DE, Sili-coSec®, (500 and 1000 ppm (mg DE/kg chickpea)) were tested under laboratory conditions. Mortalities of C. maculatus were recorded after 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day of DE treatments. Progeny productions of C. maculatus adults exposed to DE’s were also assessed after 45 day of treatments. Chickpea treatments results showed that DE deposits and DE concentrations had significant effect on mortalities and progeny productions of C. maculatus. After 1st day of DE treatments on chickpea, the mortalities of BHN-1were higher than those of FB2N-1, BGN-1 and Silicosec®. After 5th and 7th day of DE treatments, mortalities of BHN-1 and SilicoSec® generally were similar. After 5th day of DE treatment, the complete mortalities of C. maculatus were observed at only 1000 ppm concentrations of BHN-1. After 7th day of DE treatment at 1000 ppm, all local DEs reached %100 mortality except FB2N-1. The prog-eny productions of C. maculatus on the control treatments on chickpea were significantly higher than those of all DE treatments. Although the complete mortalities of C. maculatus were recorded at 1000 ppm concentration of BHN-1 after 5th day of DE treatments, prog-eny productions were not completely prevented. In conclusion, these results indicated that Turkish diatomaceous earth, BHN-1, FB2N-1 and BGN-1 would have potential of using for controlling of stored-bean insects as a protectant.

Keywords: Turkish Diatomaceous Earth, Callosobruchus maculatus, chickpea,toxicity, Sil-icosec


Insecticidal Potential of a Turkish Natural Zeolite Formulation Enhanced with Silica Aerogel Against Confused Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) For Short and Long Term Applications

Nazife Eroglu1, Mevlut Emekci2

1The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK, Turkey2Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection 06110 Ankara*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: There were short (7-28 days) and long-term (90 and 180 days) studies to evaluate Turkish zeolite toxicity to adult Tribolium confusum on two-row barley variety (Ozdemir-05). The formulation contains natural unprocessed Turkish Zeolite (70%, w:w) from western side of Turkey enhanced with food grade silica aerogel (30%, w:w). Short-term studies got a control and 750 ppm dosage, total 250 adults in 10 replications at 24 ⁰C and 60% R.H. on 50 gr barley for each cup. Long-term applications cover a control, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm dosages, total 250 adults in 10 replications at 25 ⁰C and 55±5% R.H. on 700 gr barley. The outcome of the long-term applications suggests that Turkish zeolites has statistically significant effect on 90-day population management against T. confusum adults. There was statistical difference between two application times (90 and 180 days) of each dosage groups regarding survival of insects. Short-term studies with 750 ppm dosage suggest 100% popu-lation control after 3 weeks. In long-term studies of 90 days, the less number of adults noted with the more dosage that 81.6 adults found at 800 ppm level. However, there was no signif-icant difference between the doses in the 180 days application that 545.7 adults recorded at 800 ppm dosage. It is estimated that the low efficacy of long-term storage condition is caused by the increase of relative humidity.

Keywords: Natural Zeolite, Tribolium confusum, long-term, barley, short-term


Role of the Imidacloprid and nano Imidacloprid on Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under store and laboratory conditions

Magda M.A. Sabbour

Department of Pests and Plant Protection, Agriculture division. National research center 33rd ElBohouth St. - Dokki, Giza, Egypt ([email protected])

Abstract: The efficacy of Imidacloprid and nano Imidacloprid were evaluated on Calloso-bruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under store and laboratory conditions.

Keywords: Callosobruchus, Imidacloprid, nano Imidacloprid


Pathogenicity of Imidacloprid and its nano against Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) under laboratory and store conditions

Magda M.A. Sabbour

Department of Pests and Plant Protection, agriculture division. National research center 33rd ElBohouth St. - Dokki, Giza, Egypt([email protected])

Abstract: The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), is very harmful insect pests to cereal grains including wheat. In the present research imidaclo-prid and nano imidacloprid were tested against the target pests under laboratory and store conditions.

Keywords: Rhyzopertha dominica, Imidacloprid, nano Imidacloprid


The effect of Imidacloprid and nano Imidacloprid against Sitophilus granarius under laboratory and store conditions

Magda M.A. Sabbour

Department of Pests and Plant Protection, agriculture division. National research center 33rd ElBohouth St. - Dokki, Giza, Egypt([email protected])

Abstract: The effect of some Imidacloprid and nano Imidacloprid were tested against the grain weevil, Sitophilus granarius, under laboratory and store conditions. Keywords: Sitophilus granarius, Imidacloprid and nano Imidacloprid


Fumigant insecticidal efficacy of higher concentrations of ozone gas (O3) towards Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus

S. Saleem*1, L. J. Mason2, M. Hasan3, M. Sagheer3, Q. Ali3, W. Sajid1, A. Mehmood1

1Department of Biosciences, COMSATS institute of information technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan2Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA3Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Ozone has been documented as a potential fumigant against major insect pests of stored commodities due to of its highly oxidative properties. Present studies were conducted in the Smith Hall (Department of Entomology), Purdue University, USA, to examine the fumigant toxicities of ozone gas (O3) against stored grain insect pests. Adults of Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus were exposed to different concentrations (100, 200, 480, 700 and 800 ppm) of ozone gas. Test insects were fumigated by keeping constant tem-perature of 27 ± °Cand 75 ± 5% relative humidity while dead insects were recorded after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hr of treatment. C. ferrugineus was found susceptible with mean mor-tality 90.99% as compared to T. castaneum (53.22%). Fumigation even with lower concen-trations (100 ppm) of ozone gas for 36 hr, exhibited 100 % mortality against C. ferrugineus. Mortality increased with the increase in concentration and exposure time. 100 % mortality was achieved with 800 ppm concentration after 18hr of treatment against T. castaneum and with 700 ppm after 6 hr of treatment against C. ferrugineus.

Keywords: Ozone gas, Toxicity, O3, Tribolium castaneum, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Stored grain insect pests


Biological effects of an exopolysaccharide of Trametes versicolor

Corrado Fanelli

Rome University Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Italy([email protected])

Abstract: Mushrooms represent a formidable source of bioactive compounds. Some of these are biological response modifiers which include all the compounds of mushroom's origin with a known biological function, ranging from antibiotics (e.g. plectasin), immune system stimulator (e,g, lentinan) to antitumor agents (e.g. krestin, PSK) as well as hypolipidemic agents (e.g. lovastatin). In this study, we focus our attention on the Chinese medicinal mush-room "yun zhi", Trametes versicolor, traditionally used for (cit.) "replenish essence and qi (vital energy)". Previous studies indicated the potential activity of extracts from culture fil-trate of asexual mycelia of T. versicolor in controlling the growth and secondary metabolism (e.g. mycotoxins) of plant pathogenic fungi. In searching for active principles produced by T. versicolor, we characterised an exo-polysaccharide released in its culture filtrate and named it: Trametan. In this paper, we evaluated the biological activity of purified Trametan towards different organisms: plants, mammals and plant pathogenic fungi. We hereby suggest that the bioactivity of Trametan relies mostly on its ability to act as pro antioxidant molecule regardless the biological system on which it was applied.

Keywords: Mushrooms, mycotoxins, Trametes versicolor, exo-polysaccharide, Trametan


The root anti-microbial compounds as protectants for stored products

Azeddine Driouich*, Romain Castilleux, Marc Ropitaux, Sophie Bernard, Isabelle Boulogne, Marie-Laure Follet Gueye, Maité Vicré

Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal-ED 4277. 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The root is a fascinating organ that usually grows underground in contact with millions of microbes. Root cells are known to release a variety of molecules into the rhiz-osphere including sugars, amino-acids, phenolics, polysaccharides, proteins and proteo-glycans (e.g. arabinogalactan proteins). Most of these compounds are secreted by root cap border cells and are clearly involved in the protection of the root against pathogens [1,2,3]. For instance, in pea, arabinogalactan proteins and the phytoalexin, pisatin, released by root border cells are able to inhibit the development of the pathogenic oomycete, Aphanomyces euteiches [4,5]. We have currently shown that these molecules are part of the so-called RET (Root Extracellular Trap), a network containing a diversity of anti-microbial compounds including phytoalexins, defensins pathogensis-related proteins and ExDNA [6,7,8]. We con-sider the RET as a reservoir of defensive molecules able to protect the root system against various pathogens. We found that RET production is stimulated by microbe-derived elic-itors (e.g., flagellin 22) (Castilleux et al., unpublished). Hence, the RET seems to be a very interesting source of anti-microbial molecules that can be easily collected from the medium of root cultures and applied for the protection of stored crops.We will discuss this issue in relation with the control of microorganisms in stored products.

Keywords: anti-microbial compounds, root, secretion, mucilage, defense


Hermetic storage of paddy rice: the impact of Relative Humidity on fungi infection and on rheology of the pastes

Ana Magro, Anabela Raymundo, Patrícia Fradinho, Isabel Sousa, Maria Otília Carvalho*

LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agrono-mia, Universidade de Lisboa. Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa (Portugal).*Correspondig author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate if under hermetic conditions, paddy can be stored during four months and at three different relative humidity without losing grain qual-ity. Trials were carried out from December to April 2016, using GrainPro® SuperGrainbag® Farm™ to store two rice varieties japonica and indica varieties, under three different relative humidity: 67.5, 74.5 and 85.5 RH, at mean temperature of 14.2⁰C, both monitored by Hobo® Data loggers with probe, placed inside the bags. CheckpointII Portable O2 and CO2 Gas Analyzer were used to assess gas contents on the top and bottom of each bag. At the end, paddy samples were collected to analyze fungal infection, unshelled and milled, and flour used to estimate water activity (aw), using HygroPalm HP23, Rotronic, and rheological tests, performed on a MARS III controlled-stress rheometer. Fungi taxa was isolated Alternaria, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Trichoderma and Trichothecium. There was no significant differences (p<0.005) on aw values between the two varieties: 0.486 aw at 67.5% RH and 0.576 aw 85.5% RH, secure values below the conditions for mycotoxins development. There was significant differences on gas content for the different RH: 67.5% (20.4% O2, 1.2% CO2), 74.5% (18.5% O2, 3.7% CO2) or 85.5% (5.9% O2, 18.9% CO2) indicat-ing a slow respiration rate with a slight increase with RH. Rheology data showed that with the increasing of RH an important decrease on the viscoelastic functions of the respective rice pastes was observed which is consistent with the increase on respiration rate.

Keywords: hermetic bags, paddy, fungi, relative humidity, water activity


Quarantine and control storage and package pests: past and present

Vaclav Stejskal

Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic ([email protected])

Abstract: Quarantine pests may spread around word via commodities (e.g. Trogoderma gra-narium), packages and timber (Cerambycids, Sirex, Lyctids etc,), in commodity residues or empty spaces/structuresof transport means. The main pre-shipment or in-transit control methods include heat/cold treatment, controlled atmospheres, high or low pressure, irra-diation and fumigation. Historically, the enormous volumes of ships were quarantined for rodents and other pests by sulphur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Later has prevailed fumigation of empty spaces and/or commodities by methyl bromide (MeBr) and phosphine (PH3). After the ban of MeBr there is no direct replacement for wood fumiga-tion according to the International Standards For Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15). Nevertheless, an extensive experimental work - regarding efficacy on wood infesting pest - is currently being performed for several fumigants; such as ethylene-dinitrile (EDN), SF, HCN, PH3 etc. A new safety problem concerning in-transit quarantine-fumigation of freight containers emerged recently. There is an increasing accumulation of published re-ports on dangerous exposures of port personnel associated with manipulation with poorly ventilated containers or with containers not equipped with warning fumigation signs. The experiment was supported by of research grants (TAČR) provided by Ministry of Education.

Keywords: Pests, quarantine, storage pests


Susceptibility of Trogoderma granarium (Everts) to residual insecticides

Frank Arthur

USDA-ARS-CGHAR, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, USA, 66502 ( [email protected])

Abstract: Trogoderma granarium, the Khapra beetle, is a destructive stored product pest that is quarantined in many countries in the western hemisphere and continental Europe. A new cooperative project was established in the USA to evaluate susceptibility of T. granari-um adults and larvae to residual insecticides and also to fumigants. Here we describe meth-odology for conducting laboratory evaluations, and summarize data from several different studies. Rational for using related Dermestid spp. as a substitute or surrogate species for T. granarium is also discussed.

Keywords: Trogoderma granarium, susceptibility, residual insecticides


A device for quick evaluation resistance of packaging films to penetration by storage insects

Shlomo Navarro*, Hagit Navarro

Green storage Ltd., Argaman 5, Rishon letsion Israel 7570905*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: A quick test method was developed to evaluate penetration of storage insects through packaging films. The developed method consisted of two identical glass cylinders and a wire mesh placed on top of the film to be tested placed together among the two cyl-inders. The efficacy of the method was evaluated using Rhyzopertha dominica (L.), 10-15 d adults placed in the test device. Exposure periods of insects to the test films consisting of office paper (80 g/m2)(110 µm thick), flour package paper (150 µm thick), aluminum foil (20 µm thick), laminate (120 and 150 µm thick), Whatman No.1 (200 µm thick), Whatman No.44 (170 µm thick), Whatman No.50 (110 µm thick) and polyethylene (10 and 20 µm thick) were 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 h. Penetration by R. dominica adults increased with in-creasing exposure periods. The thickness and the type of the films played an important role on resistance of insects to penetration. R. dominica penetrated to all tested films within 24 h exposure except the laminate of 150 µm. Significant differences were found in the ability of R. dominica to penetrate the films with and without using wire mesh in the test device. A possible explanation for the speed that insects penetrated may be because of the wire mesh positioned adjacent to the test film. Given test apparatus was simple to construct and less expensive than a device that used metal sections, since it enabled evaluation of the tested packaging films within extremely short exposure times.

Keywords: storage insects, packaging films, penetration, Rhyzopertha dominica, test method


Evaluation of phosphine resistance in stored-product insects from Greece using two assessment methods

P. Agrafioti1*, V. Sotiroudas2, C. Götze3, J. Allegra3, G. Jacob3, C.G. Athanassiou1

1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Pro-duction and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38448, N. Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2AgroSpeCom LTD, N. Kountourioti 3, 54625, Thessaloniki, Greece3DETIA DEGESCH GMBH, Werner-Freyberg-Str. 1, D-69514 Laudenbach, Germany*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In the present study we evaluated the susceptibility to phosphine of different pop-ulations of major stored product insects based on two different methods. The first method was the standard FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) method, which is based on the exposure of the tested insects on a standardized concentration of phosphine (usually 30 ppm) for a specific period of time (20 h). Conversely, the second method was based on the use of the Detia Degesch Phosphine Tolerance Test Kit (DDPTTK), a protocol developed from the company Detia Degesch GmbH (Germany), which is based on the exposure of the insects on a high concentration of phosphine (e.g. 3000 ppm) for shorter exposure periods (e.g. 8-15 min). The tested insects had been collected from Greek storage and processing facilities, including the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostychi-dae), the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). For all of these spe-cies standard laboratory populations susceptible to phosphine were used as “controls”. Both protocols indicated that the least susceptible populations were those of R. dominica and O. surinamensis. In addition, the evaluation indicated that mostly there were no differences on the characterization of resistance between the two protocols. Most field populations were classified by far less susceptible to phosphine than the laboratory populations. Based on the current results, in most cases output from the DDPTTK method showed, surviving adults were able to recover, whereas based on the FAO method, recovery was low.

Keywords: stored product insects, phosphine resistance, fumigation, recovery, Greece


Further Demonstration of Widespread Phosphine Resistance in Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) in Oklahoma

Charles E. Konemann*, George P. Opit, Hubhachen Zhaorigetu

Oklahoma State University, Dept. Entomology and Plant Pathology, 127 NRC, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In 2013, we established a discriminating dose for Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Ste-phens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) to be 56.2 ppm of phosphine gas (PH3). During 2015 and 2016, 8 populations of C. ferrugineus from Oklahoma grain storage facilities evenly distributed geographically were collected, and subjected to the discriminating dose to test for resistance to PH3. Results showed three of the populations had resistance frequencies > 90%, including populations from one terminal and two cooperative elevator storage facil-ities with three other populations ranging from 60–86%. Populations from two remaining cooperative elevator facilities demonstrated 100% mortality (no detectable resistance) as did the laboratory susceptible strain (Lab-S). Dose response tests were conducted over a three day period on the two populations of C. ferrugineus from Stillwater (Still) and a terminal ele-vator in Enid (Enid Term. 1). LC99 values determined by Probit analyses for the Lab-S, Still, and Enid Term. 1 were 7.3, 699.5, and 1,275 ppm, respectively, over a 3-day exposure period. The level of resistance in populations from Enid and Stillwater, were 225 and 96.5, times that of the susceptible laboratory strain, respectively. The data show that C. ferrugineus resistance to PH3 is widely distributed geographically within the state of Oklahoma with some popu-lations highly resistant to PH3. This demonstrates a need for a wider PH3 resistance survey in grain growing regions of Oklahoma and U.S.A.

Keywords: Rusty grain beetle, phosphine resistance management, stored grain, commercial elevator


Determining Phosphine Resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Rice Weevil) Populations From Different Geographical Regions of Turkey

Ali A. Işikber1*, Özgür Sağlam2, Hüseyin Bozkurt1, İnanç Ş. Doğanay1

1Kaharamanmaras Sutcu Imam University Agriculture Faculty Plant Protection Department Avsar Campus 46100 Kahramanmaras Turkey2Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant protection Department, Tekirdağ/Tur-key*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the status and prevalence of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) populations collected from three geographical regions of Turkey (southern (Mersin provinces), south-eastern (Şanlıurfa province) and central (Konya province) regions) by conducting the discrimination dose tests and the concentra-tion–mortality bioassays. As a result of discrimination dose tests, six populations of total eighteen S. oryzae populations collected from Mersin Province were moderately resistance to phosphine while twelve S. oryzae populations were highly resistance to phosphine. In the case of Şanlıurfa, only one population was susceptible to phosphine out of nine S. oryzae populations while eight populations were determined to be highly resistance to phosphine. Amongst six S. oryzae populations collected from Konya only one susceptible population was determined while one population was moderately and four populations were highly re-sistance to phosphine. Discriminating dose tests showed that 94% of tested S. oryzae popula-tions (33 population samples) collected from three provinces were resistance to phosphine, which reveals high prevalence of phosphine resistance in the insect sampling locations. The concentration–mortality bioassays indicated that there were significant differences in resist-ance levels of S. oryzae populations collected from different provinces. Based on the resist-ance factors (RF) calculated by LC50 values S. oryzae populations from Mersin, Şanlıurfa and Konya were 60- to 62-fold, 55- to 57-fold and 35- and 48-fold resistance to phsophine, respectively. The highest level of phosphine resistance was determined in S. oryzae popula-tions from Mersin, followed by those from Şanlıurfa and Konya, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicated that high levels of phosphine resistance in S. oryzae populations collect-ed from different grain storages in Mersin, Şanlıurfa and Konya provinces of Turkey were prevalent.

Keywords: Phosphine, resistance, Sitophilus oryzae, discrimination dose, Turkey


Phosphine resistance to some coleopteran pests in stored grains across Turkey

Erhan Koçak, Abdullah Yilmaz, Yasįn Nazim Alpkent, Saįt Ertürk

Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of agriculture, Isparta- TurkeyCorresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Coleoptera order has important pests as Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius (Curcu-lionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Silvanidae) on stored grains in Turkey. The most effective control method is fumigation with phosphine against the pests. However, many pests developed resistance to phosphine in the world. In this study, 28 strains of S. oryzae, 26 strains of S. granarius and 16 strains of O. surinamensis were supplied from 14 provinces of different regions across Turkey. All strains were tested with bioassays by using two-three weeks old F1 adults to determine the phosphine resistance of adults to discriminating phos-phine concentrations of 0.04 mg/l for S. oryzae and O. surinamensis and 0.07 mg/l for S. granarius during 20 hours. Later, the bioassays showed that resistance ocured between 3.11 and 200.54 fold in 11 strains (30.8%) of S. oryzae; 3.48 and 5.26 fold in five strains (19.0%) of S. granarius and 388.98 and 459.57 fold in three strains (18.6%) of O. surinamensis. It can be said that phosphine resistance is common and serious in Turkish strains of the coleopteran pests except S. granarius in stored grains. This work is supported by TUBITAK (Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) under a grant (215O475 - TOVAG)

Keywords: Sitophilus, Oryzaephilus, phosphine, resistance, Türkiye


Phosphine resistance in the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) populations from Turkey

Abdullah Yilmaz, Erhan Koçak

Directorate of plant protection central research Institute, Ankara, TurkeyCorresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) is one of the most impor-tant pests causing losses of quantity and quality in stored grains in Turkey. The most effective way in force to control the pest is fumigation with phosphine after banning of methylbro-mide all over the world. While phosphine has been used extensively since the 1950’s in Tur-key and there are many reports about phosphine resistance of R. dominica across the world, it is the first toxicological study to investigate the distribution and strength of phosphine resistance in Turkey. Totally 14 strains of R. dominica were obtained from stored grains of eight provinces, which are Ankara, İzmir, Konya, Kütahya, Samsun, Şanlıurfa, Hatay and Tekirdağ from different geographic regions. All strains were tested with bioassays by using one-three weeks old F1 adults for determining the weak and strong phosphine resistance phenotypes on the basis of the response of adults to discriminating phosphine concentra-tions of 0.03 mg/L (20 hours) and 0.25 mg/L (48 hours), respectively. The tocixological bi-oassays showed all strains exhibited phosphine resistance between 60 and 386 fold. These results demonstrate that strong resistance to phosphine is common in Turkish R. dominica strains.

Keywords: Stored products, phosphine, resistance, Rhyzopertha, Turkey


Evaluation of phosphine tolerance in stored product insects in Europe

Maria Sakka1*, Jonny Allegra2, Jakob Gerhard2, Carolin Götze2, Vasilis Sotiroudas3, Christos G. Athanassiou1

1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Pro-duction and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38443, N. Ionia, Mag-nesia, Greece, 2Detia Freyberg GmbH, Dr.-Werner-Freyberg-Str. 11, 69514, Laudenbach, Germany.3AgroSpeCom L.T.D., N. Kountourioti 3, 54625, Thessaloniki, GreeceCorresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the level of tolerance/resistance of major stored product insect species from Europe, in order to characterize this level in different geograph-ical regions and in a wide range of species, facilities and commodities. In this context, the susceptibility of phosphine of seven stored product beetle species are determined: the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae), the confused flour beetle, Tri-bolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val) (Tenebrionidae), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Bostrychidae), the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Anobiidae), the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Silvanidae), the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Curculionidae) and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschul-sky) (Curculionidae). The protocols being followed are: a) the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) protocol, which is based on a screening through exposing the insects to 30 ppm of phosphine for 20 hours and b) the Detia Degesch Phosphine Tolerance Test Kit (DDPTTK), which is based on the assessment of narcosis and mortality at a high dose (3000 ppm) for short intervals (usually 15 min or less). The screening indicates that some populations are found less susceptible to phosphine than others, indicating the existence of tolerance/resistance. According to these results, the characterization of this phenomenon on different strains and species was rather similar between the two protocols that were fol-lowed. This finding clearly suggests that DDPTTK can be utilized further as a less laborious assessment and as a rapid bioassay with a minor expenditure of time, without requiring lab-oratory trials, as in the case of the FAO protocol. Practically, the present study illustrates the first surveillance results for the status of tolerance/resistance to phosphine in a wide range of European stored product insect populations.

Keywords: phosphine, stored-product insects, tolerance, resistance, Europe, Coleoptera


Integrated Pest Management in the protection of cultural heritage: museums, archives and libraries

Pascal Querner

University of Natural Resources & Applied Life Sciences , Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Zoology, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria ([email protected])

Abstract: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is applied in many collections and museum today, mainly to reduce the application of pesticides but also for a long-term protection of the objects and collections. In this presentation the most important museum pests are described, and the concepts to prevent infestations, non-chemical treatment methods and experiences of the last years. IPM in museum is fundamentally different compared to other areas of IPM, as the objects have high individual values, they are stored for a very long time and sometimes exhibited in non-idea situations. New pest like the grey Silverfish Ctenolepis-ma longicaudata is now found in many of our collections and also climate change and the frequent transportation of art with loans pose new challenges for the IPM. Using parasitoids is still relatively new in the protection of museum objects, but help to reduce damage by some important pest like Anobium punctatum, Tineola bisseliella or Stegobium paniceum. All areas of IPM (crop protection, stored product protection, museum objects) all can learn from each other.

Keywords: IPM; museums; preventive conservation; insect pests


Damages of Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire (Coleoptera Anobiidae) in a library

S. Savoldelli*, F. Cappitelli, P. Cortesi, M. Saracchi, F. Troiano, F. Villa

DeFENS - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, Milan, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire (Coleoptera Anobiidae) was recently found in a li-brary in Northern Italy, where 1800 books were located. Aesthetic and structural damages were observed on 4.5% of books, especially to the detriment of the oldest books. The deep galleries on the books were due to the action of larvae while circular holes were made by new-emerged adults. Most of damages was observed near the bound volumes.

Keywords: cultural heritage, biological agents, conservation, woodworm, G. pubens


Five years of preventive pest management in the Historical Archives of the Diocese of Lodi (Italy)

Claudia Sotgia*, Maria Cristina Reguzzi, Alessia Berzolla, Elisabetta Chiappini

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The preservation of cultural heritage has always been a topical issue in Italy. Now-adays, much greater emphasis is given to prevention, early detection of insects through monitoring and inspection, and thus on specific targeted treatments. A relative small per-centage of insects has the potential to become serious biodeteriogen and to cause irreparable damage to library materials in a relatively short time. The Historical Archives of the Dio-cese of Lodi is object of an entomological monitoring since 2010. It contains approximately 800 linear meters of paper material. Food availability is not a factor limiting insect pest development because the presence of a variety of materials (leather, starch, dead insects as well as mold or fungi), which can provide support to many different insect species. The monitoring program is carried out through various types of insects-traps and through the aid of microclimatic data detectors for the control of temperature and humidity conditions of storage environments. All the relevant information which can be related to any possible insects presence have been collected. Pests were periodically identified in laboratory. The entomological monitoring of the Archive has reached the fifth consecutive year, bringing significant results in terms of "preventive pest management”. The prevention of the damage with a regular monitoring, inspection programme and early identification provides one of the best long-term strategy for insect pest control in archives.

Keywords: IPM, Italian cultural heritage, preventive conservation measures, restoration, entomological monitoring


Commercial Application of Non Chemical Fumigation in Museums

Hagit Navarro*, Shlomo Navarro

Green storage Ltd., Argaman 5, Rishon letsion Israel 7570905*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Among stored product insects, non food pests are common in museums artifacts and wood products. Since the phase out of methyl bromide and since it harms rubber prod-ucts non chemical fumigations were applied indoor to treat museums' valuable products such as stuffed animals, woods oriented from Far East and other valuables. Treatments were applied in controlled conditions of 25⁰C for 12 days to control Lyctus spp. and Antrenus verbessci beetles. The museum artifacts consisted of various stuffed wild animals collected by the Human and Animal museum, Ramat Gan and were on display inside show-window. All items were placed inside a 13 m3 gastight and flexible fumigation chamber at three levels shelves. CO2 was applied from a pressurized cylinder using a high pressure resistant tube attached to the bottom of the fumigation chamber while at the top an opening of about 15 cm was left open. The purging was of CO2 was carried out directly using a siphon cylinder. The dosage of 2 kg/m3 was applied while gas concentration was monitored during purging and until 100% concentration was reached. Measurements were carried out immediately after application and before opening. Fumigation was done using low permeability flexible liners equipped with zip-lock zipper. During the fumigation the chamber was heated to maintain 25⁰C. Results obtained complete mortality of both species. CO2 fumigation being applied indoor with controlled temperature is a suitable, successful and comfortable way of application with no need of handling the valuable, sometimes heavy, art crafts to a special gastight chamber, normally located far from museums.

Keywords: CO2 fumigation, PE laminated envelops, museum artifacts, wood boring insects, stored products insects


Current and Future Trends in Stored Product Entomology

Frank Arthur

USDA-ARS-CGHAR, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, USA, 66502 ([email protected])

Abstract: There are a number of issues affecting insect pest management now and in the immediate future. Examples include reductions in funds and personnel conducting research with stored product insects, loss of traditional insecticides for specific markets, and more emphasis on integrated control strategies rather than strict reliance on insecticides. There is growing concern regarding the spread of invasive stored product insects, specifically the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, coupled with increasing problems related to emerg-ing insect pests. These topics will be presented and illustrated using examples from recent research, along with a discussion of potential research approaches to prioritize and maxi-mize opportunities to take advantage of available resources.

Keywords: Storage, management, future, opportunities, research


Development of Tribolium castaneum on dust

Lidia Limonta*, Sara Savoldelli, Paola Girgenti, Daria P. Locatelli

Università degli Studi, Milano*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Stored product pests cause economic and qualitative losses in warehouses and food industry where they find favorable environmental condition and rearing media. Mod-ern control techniques are based on IPM, which considers prevention as an important tool, such as careful cleaning, in order to hinder pests. Nevertheless, periodic cleanings in high areas of food plants are difficult to perform and accumulated dust could represent a rearing media for stored products pests. Samples of dust, collected at different heights (7.5 m; 15 m) in a pasta plant, and semolina were characterized. Proximate analyses highlighted similar amounts of proteins, fats, and sugars in dust and semolina. The ash content in dust collected at 15 m was higher than in dust collected at 7.5 m and in semolina. Metal content analyses showed the presence of aluminum, iron, chrome, cobalt, arsenic, and lead in the samples of dust. T. castaneum development was seemingly unaffected by the high metal content in the dust.

Keywords: IPM, Red Flour Beetle, proximate analysis, metal content


Survival of stored-product psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) at 43% and 50% relative humidity

George Opit*, Abena Ocan, Kandara Shakya

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.*Correspondign author e-mail:[email protected]

Abstract: The psocid species Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein), Liposcelis decolor (Pear-man), Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, and Liposcelis paeta Pearman are well recognized stored-product pests that infest grain storage facilities and warehouses worldwide. Psocids are pests of substance and their economic importance is documented. Pest management practices designed to control coleopteran and lepidopteran pests have been less success-ful against psocids. Psocids are quite sensitive to low relative humidity. Therefore, moisture management and dehumidification can be effective alternative tools for their control. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 43% and 50% relative humidity on the survival of the above mentioned four Liposcelis species. Survival of all life stages of the four species of psocids at 43% and 50% and at 75% RH was determined after 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 d at °C At 43% RH, 100% mortality of all stages of L. entomophila, L. decolor, L. bostrychophila, and L. paeta ocurred after 6, 8, 10, and 12 d, respectively. At 50% RH, 100% mortality of all life stages of L. entomophila, L. decolor, L. bostrychophila, and L. paeta ocurred after 10, 12, 14, and 16 d, respectively. Over the 30-d period of the experiment, at 75% RH, numbers of nymphs and adults of all the four species increased. These data indicate that dehumidifica-tion has good potential for use in psocid management under specific conditions where it can be effectively and practically deployed.

Keywords: Integrated pest management, booklice, dehumidification, physical insect control


The Journal of Stored Products Research: the living history of stored product protection

L. Dries-Zhang1, Frank H. Arthur2, G. J. Daglish3, Christos G. Athanassiou4*

1Elsevier B.V., Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, The Netherlands2USDA-ARS, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502, USA3Crop and Food Science, Agi-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia4Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Pro-duction and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Mag-nesia, Greece

Abstract: This year, The Journal of Stored Products Research (JSPR) completes 52 years of history with publications of research papers. With approx. one hundred articles annually, the JSPR consists an important scientific forum for stored product researchers throughout the globe. The aims and scope of JSPR are focused “durable” stored commodities, such as raw grains, oilseed crops pulses, dried fruits, spices, and other specialty crops. The journal also covers research on stored product insects in mills, warehouses, processing plants, retail stores, and other urban and sub-urban environments. This work presents the basic outlines of the evolution and history of stored products research as reflected through the papers that are published in JSPR. The majority of the papers that have been published in JSPR are fo-cused on grains and their associated pests. Nevertheless, JSPR should not be considered as a purely entomological journal, as there are numerous papers that are not focused on insects, e.g. product quality, post-harvest engineering, spoilage etc. Since its first appearance during the ‘60s, the topic of the papers shifted remarkably. Hence, in the early issues a noticeable percentage of the papers that were published in JSPR focused on insect control, mostly with conventional insecticides, primarily in bulk stored grains. Gradually, and especially during the last 15-20 years, more papers were published outside of the grain bin environment. In recent years there has also been an increase on the number of papers on fungi and myco-toxins, as well as on post-harvest engineering. In addition, there is considerable increase in published papers from international authors, including those from countries where English is not the native language. Incorporation of new authors into the publishing process, and thus tapping into a broader pool of researchers, represents a challenge and also a new op-portunity for the journal.

Keywords: Journal of Stored Product Research, stored products, scientific papers, post-har-vest forum


FoodMC: a COST Action to promote modelling in food science and industry

Alberto Tonda

INRA, 1 av. Brétignières, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France ([email protected])

Abstract: Methodologies and tools from Maths and Computer Science (MCS) are emerging as key contributors to modernization and optimization of processes in various disciplines: the agri-food sector, however, is not a traditional domain of application for MCS, and at the moment there is no community organized around solving the issues of this field. The COST Action FoodMC brings together scientists and practitioners from MCS and agri-food domains, stimulating the emergence of new research, and structuring a new community to coordinate further investigation efforts. Exploiting approaches originating at different sub-fields of MCS, from applied mathematical models to knowledge engineering, this COST Action will cover two main topics: understanding and controlling agri-food processes; and eco-design of agri-food products. During its first year of existence, COST Action FoodMC helped fund several international collaborations between European researchers, fostered the drafting of survey papers on food modelling, organized meetings for discussion, and co-funded a training school.

Keywords: European project, COST Action, modelling, food modelling, networking


Scalable Educational Strategies for Low-literate Learners in Developing Nation Countries as it Relates to Integrated Protection of Stored Products (IPSP)

Julia Bello-Bravo

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI ([email protected])

Abstract: In order to achieve successful results in integrated protection of stored products (IPSP) in grain cropping systems, we will need to include ways to disseminate knowledge for farmers in a format and a language they will understand. Scientific Animations With-out Borders (SAWBO) has created linguistically and dialectically localized animated videos (LAV) on storage techniques to prevent or minimize damage caused by insects. Well docu-mented and defined approaches to minimize these problems have been places into LAV and tested with farmers in multiple developing nation countries across different cultural and linguistic groups. Results from these studies suggest that SAWBO represents an effective system for delivery of IPSP to individuals of divergent educational levels, cultural groups and linguistic backgrounds.

Keywords: Animated videos, stored products, integrated protection, system approach, stor-age techniques


Remarks on Integrted Pest Management in Food Chain

Pasquale Trematerra

University of Molise, Via de Sanctis 1, I-86100 Campobasso (Italy) ([email protected])

Abstract: A team of authors has published a review paper on the European Union’s eight principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) (Barzmann et al., 2015). The paper pro-vides researchers, advisers and farmers with an approach for applying these legal require-ments intelligently to promote local innovation while reducing reliance on pesticides and associated risks. The process envisioned therefore requires learning, adaptation, and tweak-ing of a number of farm management practices. It also requires attention to non-technical aspects such as the social environment in which farmers operate collective learning and farmer’s inclination for step-wise rather than drastic changes. Also the food industry has been moving away from structural fumigations and calendar-based chemical pesticide ap-plications towards IPM. This shift has been driven by the loss of pesticides such as methyl bromide, consumer demand for reduced pesticide usage, and development of ‘precision-ap-plication’ technologies and pest guidelines. These somewhat antagonistic trends (less reli-ance on and use of pesticides, and the demand for perfect food products) highlight one of the main challenges faced by the food industry.

Keywords: IPM, Food Industry, Europe


Rapid Insect Disinfestation of Dried Figs by Fumigation of Propylene Oxide as Alternative to Methyl Bromide

Yeter BİLGİLİ1, Ali A. IŞIKBER1*, Hasan TUNAZ1, Christos G. ATHANASSIOU2, Özgür SAĞLAM3, Inanç DOGANAY1, M. Kubilay ER1

1Kaharamanmaras Sutcu Imam University Agriculture Faculty Plant Protection Department Avsar Campus 46100 Kahramanmaras Turkey*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this study, Propylene oxide (PPO) alone and combination of PPO with low pressure (100 mm Hg) and high concentration of carbon dioxide (%92 CO2) were investigat-ed for rapid disinfestations of dried figs as a replacement for methyl bromide by evaluating its toxicity against major insect pests, Ephestia cautella and Plodia interpunctella of stored dried figs. The complete mortality of all life stages of P. interpunctella and E. cautella was achieved at a Ct product of 45.5 and 53.2 mg h/liter for empty space fumigation respectively. It required a dosage of 11.4 and 13.3 mg/liter for empty space fumigation and 32.4 for and 30.2 mg/liter for fumigation in presence of dried figs to kill 99% of the larvae of P. interpunc-tella and E. cautella respectively. Thus, 2.85-fold and 2.27-fold higher dose of PPO required for PPO fumigation in presence of dried figs to obtain the complete mortality of the larvae of P. interpunctella and E. cautella, respectively. Generally PPO +vacuum and PPO+CO2 treatments were the most toxic to all life stages of E. cautella and P. interpunctella and fol-lowed by PPO alone treatment. The complete mortality of all life stages of P. interpunctella was achieved at a Ct product of 61.2 mg h/liter for empty space fumigation. It required a dosage of 13.9 and 72.1 and 93.1 mg/liter to kill 99% of the larvae of P. interpunctella when fumigated in empty space and in presence of dried figs, respectively. Thus, five-fold higher dose of PPO required for PPO fumigation in presence of dried figs to obtain the complete mortality of the larvae of P. interpunctella. The combination of PPO with 100 mm Hg of low pressure and high concentration of CO2 (%92 CO2) can be a potential as fumigant for replac-ing alternative methyl bromide for quarantine purposes required rapid insect disinfestation in dried figs.

Keywords: Propylene oxide, fumigant, dried fig, Ephestia cautella, Plodia interpunctella, me-thyl bromide, quarantine


Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

Marijana Pražić Golić*, Petar Kljajić, Goran Andrić

Pesticides and Environment Research Institute, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Residual efficacy of EC formulations of two insecticides, cypermethrin with the synergist piperonyl butoxide, and pirimiphos-methyl, against adults of grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), was investigated in laboratory (at 25±ocand 55-60% r.h.) by applying water solutions of products based either on cypermethrin (20 mL/t) or pirimiphos-methyl (8 mL/t) to wheat grain. Insect mortality on deposits of different age: 0, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days was estimated after 2, 7 and 14 days of insect exposure to treated wheat. After 2 days of exposure, cypermethrin caused mortality of up to 46 % on all deposits (age 0-180 days). After 7 days of exposure, high efficacy (94-100 %) was found only up to 90 days old deposits, while S. cerealella adult’s mortality on all deposits after 14 days of exposure was 98-100 %, and it was probably additionally affected by natural mortality. Pirimiphos-me-thyl was 98-100% effective after 2 days of exposure to up to 30 days old deposits, while it achieved its maximum efficacy (100 %) after 7 days of insect exposure to deposits aging up to 150 days and 94 % efficacy on 180 days old deposits. After 14 days of adult exposure to all deposit ages, there were no surviving insects (efficacy 100 %). The results show that pirimi-phos-methyl was more effective against S. cerealella adults and had a longer residual activity than cypermethrin.

Keywords: Wheat grain, S. cerealella, Cypermethrin, Pirimiphos-methyl, Residual efficacy


Use of modified atmospheres for the control of chickpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and its effect on commercial quality of grain and seed in Mexico

Francisco J. Wong-Corral1, Jordi Riudavets2, Jesús Borboa-Flores1, Rey D. Iturralde-García2

1Universidad de Sonora, Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Colonia Centro. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mex-ico. 830002IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Stored legumes are attacked by a great diversity of insect pests of bruchid, with highly damaging results. One of the most economically important species in Mexico, is the chickpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, having national distribution. Control of this pest is mainly based on the use of chemicals, mainly spraying of phosphine at intervals of 30 days. The development of insect resistance to pesticides, reducing waste levels permitted in the final food, and the need to respect the environment, is making it necessary to seek new alternatives of control, such as modified atmosphere (MA) with carbon dioxide (CO2). The main objective was to establish the efficacy of MA with CO2 to control the four development stages of C. maculatus. Three concentrations (50, 70, and 90%) of CO2 were used. The sus-ceptibility of insect showed differences, according to the four stages of development, where the states of eggs, larvae (mature larvae) and pupae, were the most tolerant to exhibitions. Adults required 2 day of exposure in different concentrations to obtain 100% mortality. No significant differences were observed in the determinations of the commercial quality: color, cooking time and texture, as well as germination of the chickpea as a parameter of seed qual-ity, however, the application of modified atmospheres favored vigor of the seed, increasing the growth of plumule, radicle and number of rootlets by increasing the CO2 concentration.

Keywords: stored legumes, modified atmospheres, bruchid, chickpea weevil, germination


The efficacy CA of the field test on the developmental stage of four species primary pests

Radek Aulicky1*, Vlastimil Kolar2, Jan Plachy3, Vaclav Stejskal1

1Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic2Podravka-Lagris, Dolní Lhota 39, 763 23, Dolní Lhota u Luhačovic, Czech Republic3DDD servis s.r.o. Praha, Libušská 104, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Controlled anoxic atmospheres (CA) belong among the most promising non-toxic alternatives for control of stored-product insects and mites in many types of dry stored-products. The presented study brings new information on the efficacy of nitrogen CA applied in the metal silo to two developmental stages (eggs and larvae) of four primary pests (Sitophilus granaries, S. oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica and Callosobruchus maculatus). The trial was conducted in a metal silo containing 25 tons of legume seeds and CA of 1 % O2 and 99 % N2. Experiment was carried at four exposure times (5, 10, 15, 20 days) at the average temperature 28.2 ± 0.06 ⁰C (25.4 – 31.0 ⁰C) and RH 35.3 ± 0.3 % (27.2 – 50.7 %). The infested commodities (eggs, larvae, adults) were placed in plastic containers separately for each species. The plastic containers were placed at the bottom area of the silo. Each exposure time lead to 100% mortality of eggs, larvae and adults. The experiment was supported by of research grants (NAZV QJ1310057; RO O414) provided by Ministry of Czech Republic.

Keywords: nitrogen, Control atmosphere, metal silo bin, stored grain, primary pests


Larvae of stored-product pests exposed to controlled atmosphere enriched with nitrogen and not minimal content of oxygen

Claudia Sotgia*, Maria Cristina Reguzzi, Rinaldo Nicoli Aldini, Alessia Berzolla, Elisabetta Chiappini

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 PiacenzaCorresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The susceptibility of larvae of five species of stored-product beetles in nitrogen controlled atmosphere was studied in order to evaluate the possibility of using this method as an alternative to biocides treatments. Larvae are often the only responsible of serious damage and the most resistant stage to hypoxia treatments. The research aimed to estab-lish the feasibility of use higher oxygen concentration exploiting temperature and relative humidity to increase the effectiveness of controlled atmosphere. Larvae were exposed to atmospheres containing 3% and 5% of oxygen, four different relative humidities (15%, 35%, 55%, 75%) and two different temperatures (2°Cand 3°C for periods of 7 days. In very few cases the total mortality was reached, furthermore only under the most unfavorable con-ditions of lowest humidity and oxygen percentage. Trogoderma inclusum has proven to be hardest to be killed. Considering Sitophilus granarius, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Tri-bolium confusum at 3°Cthe combined effect of temperature and relative humidity seems to demonstrate its effectiveness at 3% O2, increasing larvae mortality of all the beetle consid-ered. Stegobium paniceum seems more sensitive to temperature than to relative humidity. Certainly the period of the treatment is too short to ensure complete kill but it’s clear that it is possible to improve the nitrogen application, with its numerous advantages in disinfesta-tion, and obtain cheaper treatments increasing oxygen and manipulating the microclimate.

Keywords: nitrogen controlled atmosphere, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus granari-us, Stegobium paniceum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma inclusum


An entomological and economic analysis of heat treatment in Italian flour mills

P. Suma*, A. La Pergola, A. Russo, G. Chinnici, S. Bella, B. Pecorino, G. Pappalardo

Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), sez. Entomologia applicata. Università degli Studi di Catania*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Heat treatments (HT) for pest control represents a promising non-chemical meth-od to control stored grain arthropods with a significant reduction of environmental impact compared to other chemical methods. For mills, pest control in post-harvest workspaces is considered as one of the activities that might highly affect the environment due to the chem-icals used for that purpose. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the technical ef-fectiveness and economic feasibility of HT within mills that produce flour in Sicily (Italy). In this perspective, a mixed entomological and economic study was conducted in which the ef-ficacy of the treatments in controlling food stored pests and the economic feasibility for the mills that adopted this technique, was assessed. The experiments were conducted in three mills of durum wheat and one mill of soft wheat, in late spring, evaluating the mortality rate of different life instars of T. confusum, S. oryzae, R. dominica, S. paniceum and E. kuehniella. The results obtained have shown a good effectiveness of this method in controlling pest's population; the economic analysis conducted, using precautionary assumptions, showed good performance of the Benefit-Cost Analysis’ financial indices. This eco-friendly method provide a good technical alternatives to chemical control method for stored food pests, find-ing a good applicability in the critical stages of the food chain.

Keywords: Mills; Integrated Pest Management; Economic analysis; Benefit-Cost Analysis; Physical control method


Effect of microwave treatment with a new magnetron prototype on the mealwarm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Nickolas G. Kavallieratos1*, John Chronopoulos2, Dimitrios Ch. Kontodimas3, George Karachalios4, Luca Bernabei5

1Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultur-al University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece.2Department of Food Science and Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, 28 Agiou Spiridonos str., 12243, Egaleo, Attica, Greece3Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece.4EcoPalm Hellas, 89 Lamprou Katsoni str., 18344, Moschato, Attica, Greece5Bi.Elle s.r.l., Microwave Engineering Company, Via Ho Chi Min 6, Industrial Zone, Torrazzi, 41122, Modena, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The use of microwave radiation against the mealwarm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Cur-culionidae) infesting stored maize and wheat was investigated. Different densities of adults (1-10 individuals/ kg) of stored-product pests infesting different quantities (300-3000 g) and depths (3-10 cm) of maize and wheat were exposed from 5 to 60 sec to microwave radiation with a novel magnetron device at powers between 100 and 800 W. We found that mortalities of the tested species increased correspondingly with the increase of exposure interval at all power levels on both commodities and ranged from 10 to 100%. The results of the present study indicate that microwaves can potentially be used for the disinfection of stored prod-ucts by noxious insect species.

Keywords: Tenebrio molitor, Sitophilus oryzae, microwaves, maize, wheat


Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and Diatomaceous Earth Combine Application Against Sitophilus oryzae Adults

Hasan Uslu, Mehmet Kubilay*, Ali Arda Işikber, Hasan Tunaz

Kaharamanmaras Sutcu Imam University Agricultural Faculty Plant Protection Department Avsar Campus 46100 Kahramanmaras Turkey*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Sitophilus oryzae is a serious world-wide pest of stored cereals, causing great loss-es unless its population is suppressed. Commonly synthetic chemicals are used and due to various undesirable side effects to human and environment together with increasing insect resistance to these chemicals, alternative control strategies have been evaluated. One ap-proach is to use entomopathogenic fungi and diatomaceous earth together for population suppression. Both components are known to be affected by ambient conditions. Two local Beauveria bassiana isolates (1-1, 5-4) and a Turkish diatomaceous earth (ACN) were found to be effective alone or when combined against stored-product pests from Coleoptera. In this study, the combined efficacy under two temperature (25, 30 ⁰C) and three relative hu-midity levels (45, 55, 65%) in darkness were tested against S. oryzae adults with five replica-tions. The concentration of each component was 300ppm (w/w) and mixed together into 40 g of wheat in centrifuge tubes, thereafter 20 adults were released. Mortalities were assessed after 7 and 14 days. The efficacies of all the applications declined statistically when relative humidity was increased to 65% at 25⁰C. Except for ACN+5-4 combination on 7th day at 45% relative humidity, the effects of applications were statistically lower at 30⁰C than those at 25⁰C at all the relative humidity levels.

Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, Sitophilus oryzae, microbial control, bioinsecticide, stored-product pest


Insecticidal Efficacy of Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Deposits in Stored Paddy against Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.)

Önder Baytekin1, Özgür Sağlam2*

1Repuclic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Edirne/Turkey2Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant protection Department, Tekirdağ/Tur-key*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract: In this study were tested four different Turkish diatomaceous earth (DE) deposits (BGN-1, BHN-1, AG2N-1, CBN-1) and commercial DE deposit, Silicosec® against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at five different concentrations (100, 300, 500, 900 and 1500 ppm) on paddy. Mortalities of S. oryzae adults were determined after 7th, 14th and 21st day of the treatment. Also progeny productions of S. oryzae were assessed after 65 days. The efficacy of Turkish diatomaceous earth deposits, CBN-1, BHN-1 and Silicosec on paddy was almost similar at high (1500 ppm) concertation after 7th days of DE teratment while other DEs had low efficacy against S. oryzae adults. Complete mortalities of S. oryzae adults were obtained at high concentrations (1500 ppm) of BHN-1, CBN-1 and Silicosec after 14th day of DE treatment. Treatments of BHN-1, CBN-1 and Silicosec at 900 ppm concentration resulted in almost complete mortality (97.8-99 %) of S. oryzae after 14th day of DE treatment. After 21st day application all DE treatments except BGN-1 at 900 ppm concertation achieved complete mortalities of S. oryzae . The progeny productions of S. oryzae on the control treat-ments on paddy were significantly higher than those of all DE treatments. Although the complete mortalities were obtained CBN-1 treatment at 500 ppm concentration after 21st day of DE treatments, progeny productions were not completely prevented in all DE treat-ments. In conclusion, this study indicated that Turkish diatomaceous earth deposits, CBN-1, AG2N-1 and BHN-1 would have potential to be used for control of stored-paddy insects.

Keywords: Turkish diatomaceous earth, Sitophilus oryzae, toxicity, paddy, Silicosec


Effects of bifenthrin formulation with natural zeolite on Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in wheat grain

Petar Kljajić*, Goran Andrić, Marijana Pražić Golić, Marija Stevanović, Slavica Gašić

Pesticide and Environment Research Institute, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Effects of the insecticide bifenthrin (BIF) formulated with natural zeolite (NZ) were examined in the laboratory (T=25±1⁰C and 60±5% r.h) to find out potential improve-ments of the existing management programmes for S. oryzae, R. dominica and T. castaneum. Adults of each insect species separately were released into wheat grain (12.5% m.c.) treated with bifenthrin (0.3 %) and two fractions of natural zeolite (particle sized 20 µm and 100-300 µm) at the doses of 0.075, 0.15 and 0.3 g/kg. Their combined effects were determined after 7 and 14 days of exposure, as well as impact on F1 progeny production/reduction per-centage (%). The results showed that the mortality of adults of all insect species increased with exposure duration, especially of T. castaneum. After both exposure periods, mortality of S. oryzae and R. dominica adults was high, 87-100%, while it was 63 and 79 % at the lowest application rate of bifenthrin (0.075 g/kg), and 66 and 100 % when the NZ particle size was 100-300 µm. Also, a high progeny reduction of 98-100% was found in both species, except in S. oryzae when the lowest BIF application rate and the larger NZ particle size were used, when it reached 81%. The mortality of T. castaneum adults after 7 days of exposure was low, merely 0-50%, while it reached 100 % after 14 days, but only at the application rate of 0.3 g/kg NZ with BIF in wheat grain. Also, a full progeny reduction of 100 % was found in all variants of the experiment with T. castaneum adults.

Keywords: Wheat grain, Stored-product insect pests, Bifenthrin, Natural zeolite, Effects


Efficacy of diatomaceous earth against stored product pests and its impact on the quality of the grain

Petr A. Yakovlev*, Yakov B. Mordkovich, Natalia N. Karamysheva, Ekaterina G. Phetyukhina

Federal State Budgetary Institution «All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center», Pogranichnaya 32, 140150 Bykovo, Ramenskoe Region, Moscow oblast, Russian Federation*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Results of laboratory bioassays with diatomaceous earth formulation DEBUZZZ-ER for pre-stored treatment of wheat grain, Triticum aestivum L., against larvae of khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Ev., and warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ball., adults of grain weevil, Sitophilus granarius L, and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L., and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duv., and larvae and adults of meal-worm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L., are presented. The DEBUZZZER was applied at dose 3 kg per ton. Untreated grain was used as a control. The experiment was carried out in triplicate. Mortality and weight loss of insects were assessed after 3, 6, 9, 14 and 20 days (d) post exposure. Grain quality indicators such as moisture, content of protein and gluten were analyzed after bio-assays. Total mortality of adults’ grain weevil (S. granarius) and rice weevil (S. oryzae) has been established on 6 and 14 d after treatment respectively with about 50% weight loss. Also diatomaceous earth treatment of grain has led to a 100 percent death of adults’ meal-worm beetle (T. moliror) and confused flour beetle (T. confusum) after 6 and 14 d with 41.8 and 60.6% weight loss respectively. DEBUZZZER was not found to be effective against T. molitor larvae, but caused 100% mortality of hatched adults. Diatomaceous earth formulation was found to be ineffective against T. granarium and T. variabile larvae and has led to 11.7 and 3.3% mortality after 20 d of exposure, respectively. However, a small decrease in the mois-ture content of the grain was detected.

Keywords: diatomaceus earth, grain, stored product pests, mortality, weight loss


Research on insecticidal efficacy of three different wood ashes against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Coleoptera, Curculionidae) adults under laboratory conditions

Tanja Bohinc1, Jerneja Jelnikar1, Aleksander Horvat2, Petar Kljajić3, Goran Andrić3, Marijana Pražić Golić3, Stanislav Trdan1

1University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Dept. of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia2Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ivan Rakovec Institute of Paleontology, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Pesticide and Environment Research Institute, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of wood ashes from tree different plant species, i.e. Norway spruce (Picea abies), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica), on the mortality of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) adults. Diatomaceous earth (product SilicoSec®) was used as pos-itive control. Inert dusts were applied on two different ways, as surface treatment and as admixture with wheat grain. Mortality of maize weevil adults was tested at three different temperatures (15, 20 and °C and two different relative humidity levels (55 and 75 %). Insec-ticidal properties of zeolites as surface treatment were evaluated 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days after exposure. We have also evaluated delayed mortality (from 8th till 14th day). Mortality of the weevils in admixtures wood ashes with wheat grain was evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure. We have applied wood ash at two different concentrations, 10 g/m2 and 20 g/m2 as surface treatment, and 2.5 w% and 5 w% in admixtures. Chemical analysis of wood ashes used in our experiment were also performed. The paper will present the results of detailed mortality of weevils in different treatments and correlations between different factors that have influenced on mortality of Sitophilus zeamais adults.

Keywords: wood ash, insecticidal properies, maize weevil


Effects of natural and synthetic zeolites against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Coleoptera, Curculionidae) adults under laboratory conditions

Tanja Bohinc1, Aida Dervić1, Aleksander Horvat2, Petar Kljajić3, Goran Andrić3, Marijana Pražić Golić3, Stanislav Trdan1*

1University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Dept. of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia2Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ivan Rakovec Institute of Paleontology, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Pesticide and Environment Research Institute, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of ze-olites from different origin on the mortality of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) adults. We treated wheat grains with Serbian natural zeolite, Slovenian natural zeolite and Sloveni-an synthetic zeolite. Diatomaceous earth (product SilicoSec ®) was used as positive control. Inert dusts were applied on two different ways, as surface treatment and as admixture with wheat grain. Mortality of maize weevil adults was tested at three different temperatures (15, 20 and °C and two different relative humidity levels (55 and 75%). Insecticidal properties of zeolites as surface treatment were evaluated 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days after exposure. We have also evaluated delayed mortality (from 8th till 14th day). Mortality of weevils in admixtures zeolites with wheat grain was evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure. We have applied zeolites at two different concentrations (10 g/m2 and 20 g/m2 as surface treatment and 450 ppm and 900 ppm as admixtures with wheat grain). Chemical analysis of zeolites used in our experiment were also performed. The paper will present detailed results of mortality of wee-vils in different treatments and correlations between different factors that have influenced the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais adults.

Keywords: synthetic zeolites, natural zeolites, maize weevil, mortality


Efficacy of natural diatomaceous earth products from Serbia against the fifth larval instar of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Filip Vukajlović*, Dragana Predojević, Vesna Perišić, Snežana Pešić

University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Ser-bia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of natural diatoma-ceous earths (DE) from Serbia against the 5th larval instar of laboratory population of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813). We used two natural DE products mined in Kolubara region, S-1 (with 79.8% of SiO2) and S-2 (with 63.2% of SiO2). Registered product Protect-It® (with 90.0% of SiO2) (Hedley Technologies Inc., Canada) was used for comparison. Evaluation of DEs efficacy was conducted on broken maize kernels, at 27±ocand 60±5% r.h., by following modified methods of OEPP/EPPO (2004). All three DE products were tested at rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg. Efficacy was evaluated after 2, 4, 7 and 14 days of larval contact with treated maize kernels. Two, four and seven day after the treatment, mortality was low (less than 10% in DE S-1 and S-2, and 30% in Protect-It®). The highest mortality was recorded 14 days after the treatment. Depending on application rate, it was found to range: 23.5-28.5% (DE S-1), 24.0-34.5% (DE S-2) and 34.0-66.0% (Protect-It®). The efficacy of tested DE products was affected significantly by exposure period, less by type of DE and the least by tested concen-trations. Results indicate that two tested natural diatomaceous earth products from Serbia have low insecticidal potential for control of the 5th larval instar of P. interpunctella, due to fast larval change to the pupal stage, induced by the treatment.

Keywords: insecticide, Indian meal moth, diatomaceous earth, Serbia, maize protection


Assessment of the efficacy of spinetoram and spinosad against adults of three Sitophilus species reared of four different winter wheat varieties

Stanislav Trdan1*, Tanja Bohinc1, Martin Snoj1, Marijana Pražić Golić2, Petar Kljajić2, Goran Andrić2

1University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Dept. of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2Pesticide and Environment Research Institute, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Research of the efficacy of spinetoram and spinosad against adults of Sitophilus zeamais, Sitophilus oryzae, and Sitophilus granarius was performed under laboratory con-ditions. We tested the efficacy of both insecticides on weevils of different origin, Slovenian (only S. zeamais) and Serbian (all three species). Research was performed on grain of four different winter wheat varieties, i.e. 'Cimabue', 'Olimpija', 'Arezzo', and 'Fidelius'. Insecti-cides were applied at three different concentrations, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mg a.i./kg. Mortality of weevils was tested at °Cand 60 % relative humidity level 7, 14 and 21 days after exposure. Based on our research we can confirm that mortality was influenced by winter wheat variety, insecticide, insecticide concentration, days of exposure, and Sitophilus species. The results of detailed statistical analysis will be presented and discussed.

Keywords: spinosad, spinetoram, Sitophilus zeamais, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus granarius, wheat varieties, Slovenia, Serbia


Losses of walnut, almond and hazelnut kernels as a result of Plodia interpunctella larval feeding

Snežana Tanasković1*, Sonja Gvozdenac2, Filip Vukajlović3, Snežana Pešić3, Kristina Miljković1, Dragana Predojević3 1University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia2Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia3University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute for biology, Kragujevac Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Plodia interpunctella is regularly present in stores and warehouses of dried and stone fruits throughout Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of con-sumed food during larval developmental of P. interpunctella rared on broken kernels of wal-nut (Junglans regia), hazelnut (Corylus avellana) and almonds (Amygdalus communis). The experiment was set up in three series (walnut, almond, hazelnut) with 12 jars in each series. Each jar contained 100 mL of culture medium. The amount of consumed food during the larval development was measured on the first (initial) and the second (final) observation. The biggest consumption is registered on hazelnut - 3.85 g (8.29%), walnut - 3.31 g (6.91%) and almond 3.13 g (5.95%) in jars with 29, 25 and 35 larvae, respectively. The lowest kernel consumption was on almonds - 1.28g (2.42%), hazelnut - 1.32g (2.98%) and walnut - 1.73g (2.75%) in jars with 20, 6 and 12 larvae, respectively. On almonds with the lowest number of larvae (19), the reduction in kernels weight of 24.4% (2.25 g) was registered. The averege value of the consumed food per jar was 2.64 g on hazelnuts, 2.35 g on almonds and 2.22 g on walnuts. The average wight of consumed food per larvae was 0.08 g on almonds, 0.09 g on walnuts and 0.13 g on hazelnut. It can be concluded that the larvae are „poor“ consumers of available food. Direct damages are therefore negligible, but the indirect damages, that are visible as wormholes and the presence of larvae and butterflies, are reducing market values of this fruit products.

Keywords: Plodia interpunctella, larvae, walnut, almond, hazelnut, kernel consumption


Plodia interpunctella Hübner – primary or secondary pest of sunflower seeds in Serbia

Sonja Gvozdenac1*, Snežana Tanasković2, Jelena Ovuka1, Vladimir Miklič1, Mladen Tatić1, Dejan Prvulović3, Filip Vukajlović2

1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia2University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia3University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Insects cause serious damages of seeds during storage. According to the inju-ry pattern, they are classified as primary or secondary pests. Sunflower seeds in storages are regularly infested, mainly by secondary pests and mycophagous insects, which do not damage seeds. However, the infestation with Plodia interpunctella has become more seri-ous problem recently in Serbia and seed damages caused by larvae, have been recorded. The status of this insect, as primary or secondary pest of sunflower seeds, has not yet been determined. This work aimed to assess the suitability of sunflower seed for P. interpunc-tella development, depending on the level of initial seed damage (dehulled, 10, 20, 30% of cracked seeds and uncracked seeds) and the type of sunflower (confectionery, oil, for special purposes - bird feed) and to determine the percent (%) of damages on uncracked seeds, after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The following parameters were monitored: larval development, pupa-tion period, adult emergence, sex ratio and fecundity. In all treatments, significant pollution with detritus, webbing and seed particles was detected. The shortest larval development, pupation period and fecundity were on dehulled seeds of oil type. The highest mortality of larvae and the prolonged development was in treatment with uncracked seeds for bird feed. The percent of damaged seeds in treatments with the uncracked seeds was 3-14% on oil type, 4-11% on confectionery and 0-5% on type for bird feed, depending on the exposure period.

Keywords: sunflower, seed damage, Plodia interpunctella, primary pest


The infestation’s preference of wheat seeds by Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in different varieties

Smaro Papadopoulou*, M. K. Kordista

Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki; School of Agricultural Technol-ogy; Laboratory of Entomology; PO Box 1456; GR-54101,Greece*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In the present work, which took place in Laboratory of Entomology of the Alex-ander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, in controlled climatic conditions, the infestation’s preference of wheat seeds by Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculioni-dae), was studied. For the experimental part of the work, two types of wheat, bread and du-rum, and 10 varieties of wheat harvest 2015, were used.100 plates (10 for each variety) were used. In each plate 10 disinsectised seed of wheat and five species S. oryzae (from feeding of insects) were placed. The attacking seeds were observed twice of the week for two months, under of a stereomicroscope, type ZEISS. The SPSS 20 program was used for the statistical analysis.The analysis of variance indicates that F = 3.43 < F0.05= 4.41 (p= 0.05) (DF 1 and 18). The conclusion is that the two types of wheat (durum and bread) do not show statis-tically significant differences regarding the level of infection. From the analysis of variance of the 10 varieties it is indicated that F = 22.55 > F0.05= 2.48 (p=0.05) (DF 4 and 72). The conclusion is that there are statistically significant differences between the varieties regard-ing the level of infection. Previous studies that took place in the laboratory of Entomology that was funded by the Research Committee of the Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, showed similar results with the present work and thus enhance the results of this research.

Keywords: S. oryzae, bread wheat, durum wheat, infested seeds


Evaluation of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring and management of nuisance pest problems associated with the invasive brown marmorated stink bug

William R. Morrison III*, T.P. Kuhar, J.C. Bergh, J. Walgenbach, T.C. Leskey

USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Stored Product Insects and Engi-neering Research Unit, 1515 College Ave. Manhattan, KS 66502*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Invasive species are an increasing problem around the world. One invasive species in particular, the brown marmorated stink bug, or Halyomorpha halys has been a problem both in the US and Europe. The nuisance problems associated with H. halys are a biosecu-rity threat to many countries who are actively working against the introduction of H. halys. In particular, H. halys seeks shelter in cars, boxes, and other stored products, and may be able to gain entry when these are offloaded to a new country. However, there are no effec-tive management or monitoring devices for nuisance problems associated with H. halys. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of using pheromone-baited small pyramid traps to monitor and/or control ambient populations. We used these devices and sampled a variety of buildings in the mid-Atlantic US spread across hundreds of kilometers. Despite robust populations documented through visual sampling, very few H. halys adults were captured in the indoor traps, and correlations between captures in indoor traps and traps placed imme-diately outside buildings were not significant. This suggests that pheromone-baited traps are not a good means to detect active bug populations during the overwintering period, which is the period of greatest risk during international shipment.


Biological and molecular analysis of an isolated Granulovirus-Tecia solanivora for protection stored pof otatoes collected in the Andes of VenezuelaAlonso Arroyo1*, Laura Niño2, Artiom Carmona3, Paulo Beserra4, Gerardo Medina5, Xavier Léry6, Miguel López-Ferber7

1Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias, Doctorado en Biotecnología de Microorgan-ismos, Mérida – Venezuela.2,4Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas, Estación Experimental Mucuchíes, Mérida – Venezuela. 3Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Posgrado de Fitopatología y Horticultura, Barquisimeto – Venezuela.4Universidad de Los Andes, Instituto de Investigación de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Mérida – Venezuela. 5Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, CNRS – INRA, St Christol les Alès, Francia.6 Ecole de Mines d´Alès, Francia.*Corresponding author e-mail:[email protected]

Abstract: Tecia solanivora (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a major pest of potato [Solanum tu-berosum L. (Solanaceae)] of Central America and the north of South America, was introduced in Venezuela through infested seed imported, from where progressively invaded Colombia and Ecuador to settle in areas colonized by Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), other taxonomically related insect pest. Both insect species coexist in the same localities in different proportions. There are no biological control methods suitable for T. solanivora, and the use of native granulovirus (Baculoviridae: Betabaculovirus) would provide a solution. Since 1993, the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) of Venezuela, has used an isolated uncharacterized collected from infected larvae of T. solanivora in the locality of Mucuchíes Paramo, Merida, with the aim of biological control of pests in field and warehouse. This work, done in the context of an institutional collaboration between France and Venezuela, is to ana-lyze biological and molecularly granulovirus Mucuhíes’isolated, collected from T. solanivora and multiplied on P. operculella. The study of polymorphic fragments with restriction endonu-cleases (REN), and using as reference the sequencing isolated Tunisia (GV-1346), allowed iden-tified as P. operculella Granulovirus-Venezuela and was appointed as PhopGV-Venezuela. Bi-ologically, was evaluated "per os" insecticidal activity by the method of nebulization and killed its alternative host (a colony of P. operculella without latent infection in a laboratory multiplied French Institute National de la Recherche Agricole, INRA), with an LD50 = 32 oclusion bodies (OBs) mm-2. This behavior makes it similar to other granulovirus biologically isolated from T. solanivora, (PhopGV-Ecuador, PhopGV-Colombia, PhopGV-Costa Rica), whose LD50 are between 20 and 30 (OBs) mm-2. These same isolates are always much more efficient when the isolates are tested on their host of origin, so it is recommended to test the biological effect of PhopGV-Venezuela on colonies of T. solanivora in Mucuchíes Paramo conditions.

Keywords: alternative hosts, biological control, Granulovirus, nebulization “per os”, Phthori-maea operculella-GV, protection of stored potatoes, Tecia solanivora-GV


Electrophysiological and behavioral studies to test attractants semiochemicals for Stegobium paniceum L. (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)

Salvatore Guarino1,3*, Ezio Peri1, Stefano Colazza1, Mokhtar Abdulsattar Arif1, Maurizio Sajeva2, Giuseppe Braghieri3, Nadia Zini3, Marco Caimi3, Francesca Tavella2, Pietro Zito2,3

1Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Science, Ed. 5 - 90128, Palermo, Italy2Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy3GEA Srl Via Enrico Fermi 10, 20019, Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), the drugstore beetle, is one of the major pests for a wide variety of dry and durable stored agricultural products. Females of S. paniceum produce a sex pheromone, (2S,3R,1'R)-Stegobinone, that attracts males. Never-theless, trapping experiments using the synthetic sex pheromone in many cases showed low levels of captures, perhaps because of isomerization of the pheromone compound in ambi-ent conditions. To date, very few brands of commercially S. paniceum pheromone are avail-able in the market. In this study, we evaluated in electrophysiological (EAG) and behavioral bioassays (two-choice olfactometer), the response of S. paniceum male and female to race-mic mixtures of the sexual pheromone and its isomers. In particular were tested: 1) racemate A, (2S,3R,1'R)-Stegobinone plus the form 2R,3S,1'S; 2) racemate B, (2R,3S,1’S)-Stegobinone plus the form 2R,3S,1’R. The racemates were tested alone or in combination. Furthermore, a headspace collection of the colony (insects and substrate) was tested in olfactometer as can-didate attractant to improve trap captures. EAG results showed that both racemic mixtures tested elicit dose-dependent responses in males but not in females. Olfactometer bioassays evidenced attraction response of males to racemate A tested alone or in combination with B. However, the racemate B alone elicited repellency in both sexes. Finally, the colony head-space extract elicited attraction in both sexes of S. paniceum.

Keywords: drugstore beetle, stegobinone, olfactometer, EAG, headspace collection, sex pheromone


Effect of collection season, host species and incubation on the virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates from Adana, Turkey against Rhyzopertha dominica adults

Mehmet Kubilay, Ali Arda Işikber, Hasan Tunaz

Kaharamanmaras Sutcu Imam University Agricultural Faculty Plant Protection Department Avsar Campus 46100 Kahramanmaras Turkey*Corresponding author e-mail:[email protected]

Abstract: Because of several desirable features of entomopathogenic fungi as biological con-trol agents, especially in respect to health and environmental issues, they have been inves-tigated for the management of stored-product pests as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Acquiring a virulent isolate is a priority for further investigations to develop a bioinsecticide. As a part of a project, 46 Beauveria bassiana isolates were obtained from grain stores in Adana, Turkey, and their mortality effect on Rhyzopertha dominica adults (incubated for 2 weeks) were determined at 1000 ppm (w/w) concentration at 26±2⁰C and %65±5 relative humidity in darkness with four replications. The bioassays were conducted in centrifuge tubes with 40 g of wheat and on 20 adult insects. The isolates were divided into two groups; low virulent (<70% mortality) and high virulent (>70% mortality). Three features; (1) in-sect species from which fungi were isolated, (2) collection season of insect samples, and (3) whether or not the sampled insects were incubated prior to isolation were evaluated in terms of their effects on the virulence of the isolates against R. dominica adults by chi square tests. The frequency of high virulent fungi was statistically higher for samples collected in summer months (%81.8) than those in autumn months (%31.4), and higher for isolates obtained after incubating sampled insects (%87.5) than those processed without delay (%20.0). Host insect species did not cause statistical differences in frequencies. In terms of R. dominica mortality, finding highly virulent B. bassiana isolates is concluded to be more likely if sam-ples were collected in summer months and incubated for a month prior to isolation of fungi.

Keywords: Virulence, isolation, microbial control, bioinsecticide, stored-product pest


Why is Cry3Aa toxin insufficiently effective against some tenebrionid storage pests?

Zdeňka Svobodová*, Oxana Skoková Habuštová, Konstantin S. Vinokurov

Institute of Entomology Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Economic losses caused by the storage pests are considerable worldwide. The use of synthetic insecticides is limited due to the increased regulatory constraints and pest re-sistance. Biopesticides based on the Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis are promising but some storage pests show low sensitivity. To clarify the underlying mechanisms of this resistance, Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum neonates were fed diet treated with the 67 kDA Cry3Aa protoxin. LC50 of Cry3Aa for T. molitor was 25 mg/kg (7th week). The sub-lethal effects were manifested by the reduction of weight and decreased number of moults. Tribolium castaneum tolerated even the concentration of 2500 mg/kg. Such a difference in sensitivity between two closely related tenebrionid pests may be attributed to a difference in their life history strategies (faster development of T. castaneum). Differences in toxin pro-cessing in the midgut lumen of both pests also cannot be excluded. Slightly higher impacts of serine peptidases on the digestive proteolysis was observed in T. molitor. We propose that cysteine peptidases are responsible for Cry3Aa degradation whereas serine peptidases are well known as proper protoxin proteolytic activators. Comparison of proteolytic processing of the Cry3Aa protoxin in the midgut lumen of both species will allow us to understand the cause of such a drastic difference in Cry toxin sensitivity.

Keywords: storage pest, bioinsecticide, recombinant Cry3Aa, Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium castaneum


Amblyseius swirskii for controlling dehydrated fruit pest

Maria del Mar Morales-Amaral, Enric Vila Rifá

Agrobio S.L., Carretera N-340, km 419, El Viso (La Mojonera), 04745, Almería, Spain*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Commercial sun dried has been practice around Mediterranean Basin for many centuries. Nowadays, dried fruit such as apricots and figs are consumed around the world. Arthropods pets are the main problem in stored food commodities. In spite of having high sugar concentration and low water activity, dried fruit are liable to be contaminated by wee-vils, moths and mites. These pests currently are controlled by pesticides which cause some problems for example arthropods population resistance, effects in consumer’s health and environmental damages. Difficulties in detecting pests, are an additional drawback which make easily the expansion and distribution around the different places where the products are stored. To develop a biological control strategy for pests which invaded food commod-ities stocked up and wastes in the conveniences, is the target of this research. Mites are the most difficult pollution to be seen. Carpoglyphus lactis is a stored mite infesting which sur-vive in dried fruit in association with microorganisms. Food packets are polluted by C. lactis in supermarkets and facilities. Infested fruits spread pollution across the packets. An impor-tant aspect in the development of a biological control strategy is the knowledge of the pollu-tion rate in the stored material. All the materials employed in the essays are frozen during 40 days in order to avoid external contamination. Preliminary essays with controlled condition of 80% humidity and 25⁰C of temperature are made. The essays are made in SOLO® contain-er where 100 g of dehydrated fruit are introduced and infested with 500 individuals of C. lactis without any differences between male, females and nymphs. The containers are kept during 7 days. The mite populations are counted submerging infested dried fruit in Oude-mans solution during 12 hours, in order to extract all the mites from the fruits. 1 milliliter of the stirred solution is taken and counted in order to know expansion of the pest. As the pollution rate is known, the ratio of predator necessary to control the pest is essayed. 5 fe-males of predator Amblyseius swirskii are introduce in containers with C. lactis and another container are starved as control. As a result, the population of C. lactis in control containers is 2100±300 units/100 g of dried fruit and in containers where predators were placed is 881±300 ind/100 g of dried fruits after 14 days. The reduction of the pest is 58%. Although the reduction obtained by other authors is 100% using controlled atmospheric conditions and increasing the temperature, dried fruit properties can be changed after the trearment.

Keywords: Amblyseius swirskii, Carpoglyphus lactis, biologycal control, dried fruit, pest


The Bethylidae (Hymenoptera): a tool for biological control programmes in food industries

Marco Amante1, Pompeo Suma1, Matthias Schöller2, Agatino Russo1*

1Diapartimento di agricoltura, alimentazione e ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100 – 95127 Catania – Italy2Biologische Beratung Ltd. Berlin, Germany*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The importance of eco-friendly solutions to control pests is due to the pressure deriving from consumers and politics. Scientists are presenting solutions to match both the legal requirements and the need of industries producing organic food. Although Bethylidae have been less studied if compared to parasitoids belonging to other families, they represent a suitable tool for biological control. They actively search for hosts (pests) when released on the surface of infested stored products, quickly penetrate into cracks and crevices and typically paralyze more hosts than they effectively oviposit on, resulting in higher pest sup-pression. The Bethylidae as candidates for biological control can attack a large number of stored products pests and nowadays the most promising species are: Cephalonomia gallicola (Ashmead), Cephalonomia tarsalis (Ashmead), Cephalonomia waterstoni Gahan, Holepy-ris hawaiiensis (Ashmead), H. sylvanidis (Brèthes), Laelius pedatus (Say) and Plastanoxus westwoodi (Kieffer). Among them, H. sylvanidis showed high value at the least in terms of longevity. Thus this parasitoid has been indicated as a good candidate for an inoculative re-lease against Tribolium spp. Also C. waterstoni showed significant responses when tested in a four-chamber olfactomer, with a bouquet of odours deriving from the grain dust produced by the feeding activity of its host Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) supporting its potential usefulness in an IPM program.

Keywords: parasitoids, pests, Bethylidae, biological control, food industries


Regular introduction of living Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell 1895) (Hemiptera Diaspididae) on infested igname (Dioscorea spp.) tubers, imported as ethnic food in EPPO area

M. Salerno1, G. Mazzeo1, P. Suma1, A. Russo1*, G. Pellizzari1, F. Porcelli1

Diapartimento di agricoltura, alimentazione e ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa So-fia, 100 – 95127 Catania – Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Regular trans-border people migrations while searching for better life condition generate cultural minorities, still asking for their original foodstuffs. This request elicits a trade flux that originates from Africa South of Sahara, in this case. During the last two years, we regularly found Aspidiella hartii populations infesting igname tubers on local ethnic mar-kets in Bari (Italy). Tubers were bought and brought in the laboratory were the Diaspidid bred to gather information on viability and consistency of the introduction. Many individ-uals per tuber revealed to be living females, as second instar larvae or adult, giving birth to crawlers. Aspidiella hartii is a well know pest of igname (Dioscorea spp.) of tropicopolitan origin, both in field and storage. The armoured scale is also a pest of Colocasia sp. (Taro, Araceae) and Ipomoea batatas (Sweet potato, Convolvulaceae). The ability of this newly in-troduced species in Italy to infest locally cultivated crops makes it possible a host shift and poses the Diaspidid invasion risk to ornamentals and cultivated European economic plants.

Keywords: yam, Alien invasive pest, armoured scale, cochenille de l'Igname, ubi scale, Yam scale


Catalase activity in two stored product pests exposed to Anethum graveolens L. essential oil

Miloš Petrović1*, Danijela Kojić2, Aleksandra Popović1, Jovana Šućur1, Tijana Stojanović1, Milica Aćimović3, Đorđe Malenčić1

1University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg D.Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, Serbia2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Trg D. Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia3Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sad, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: During last few years, there is a tendency to replace conventional methods of stored product pest control with alternative ways. Plant essential oils are good candidates for that purpose as they are environmentaly friendly and have proven toxicity against stored product pests. Furthermore, essential oils have been reported for its effects on antioxidant defense system. Taking it into consideration, the aim of this study was to examine the im-pact of sublethal concetration of Anethum graveolens L. essential oil on Tenebrio molitor L and Tribolium confusum DuVal (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) catalase activity after 24h and 48h of exposure. Plant material of dill (leaf) was collected from the Mošorin village, Serbia (N45017’28.11, E20011’43.80). The results showed that CAT activity was eleveted (8,02% compared to control) in T. molitor adults exposed for 24h,while after 48h of expo-sure CAT activity was significantly elevated (133.20% compared to control). Similar trend was observed in T. confusum where CAT activity was elevated (14.6% compared to control) while after 48h of exposure CAT activity was elevated (126,98% compared to control). The EO of dill affected catalase activity in the both tested stored-product pests in the same way. Furthermore, in the both treatments higher activity of CAT was observed 48 h after the treatment. The significant increase in the catalase activity caused by EO support the idea that natural substances are good candidates for insects control.

Keywords: Tenebrionidae, dill, catalase, essential oil, oxidative stress


Efficacy of oxymatrine against Sitophilus granarius (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium confusum Du Val in wheat grain

Goran Andrić*, Petar Kljajić, Marijana Pražić Golić

Pesticide and Environment Research Institute*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Oxymatrine is a alkaloid found in Sophora flavescens (Fabaceae), possess broad biological activities against various pests. The aim of this study was therefore to conduct efficacy of oxymatrine 0.2 % + psoralen 0.4 % based biopesticide against adults Sitophi-lus granarius (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium confusum (Du Val) in treated wheat grain. The bioassays were conducted in laboratory at 25 ± 1⁰C and 60 ± 5% r.h. The oxymatrine based biopesticide was applied at doses 2 and 4 mg a.i./kg wheat grain for each insect species. Insect mortality was determined after 2 and 7 days of contact with treated wheat and total mortality after an additional 7 days of recovery on untreated wheat. The results showed that the mortality of all tested species increased with doses, exposure and recovery duration. After 2 days the both doses of oxymatrine only to R. dominica caused significant adult mortality (82%), while total mortality S. granarius, R. dominica and T. con-fusum after an additional 7 days of recovery were 89-93%, 100% and 24-41%, respectively. The both doses of oxymatrine caused 100% mortality of R. dominica and S. granarius after 7 days of exposure and 7 days of recovery. The highest adult mortality 41-66% of T. confusum was determined after 7 days of exposure and 7 days of recovery. The results indicate that the oxymatrine based biopesticide applied at dose 2 mg/kg, could be efficient tool for S. grana-rius and R. dominica control in stored wheat grain.

Keywords: Wheat grain; Stored-product insect pests; Oxymatrine; Efficacy


Fumigation with Pistacia lentiscus essential oil: efficacy for the control of Tribolium castaneum and impact on the wheat flour qualityOlfa Bachrouch1*, Abdelkarim Aydi3,5, Iness Jabri Karoui5, Soumaya Haouel Hamdi4, Jazia Sriti2, Nithal Salem2, Kamel Msaada2, Majdi Hamami2, Emna Boushih4, Manef Abderraba3, Ferid Limam2, Jouda Médiouni Ben Jemâa4

1Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (IN-RAT), Rue Hedi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunis, Université de Carthage, Tunisia2Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP, 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia. 3Laboratoire Matériaux- Molécules et applications, IPEST, route Sidi Bou Said, B.P:51, 2075. La Marsa. Tunisia.4Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Appliquée à l’Agriculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Rue Hedi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunis, Université de Carthage, Tunisia. 5Chemical and Materials Engineering Department College of Engineering Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 1321 Arar*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In Tunisia, cereals present main economic products. Insects are considered as se-rious problems threating the biosecurity of cereals production and industries. They caused significant losses in both the quality and quantity. Protection is based mainly on the use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fumigants. Nevertheless, broad spectrum insecticides caused damage on human health and environment. Therefore, safer alternatives are rec-ommended. This paper deals with the use of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil as natural fumi-gant against adults of Tribolium castaneum under mill scale. Insect mortalities, ocupation space conditions and wheat flour quality were investigated after 15 days of storage. GC/MS analysis revealed that Alpha-pinene (18.48%), 2-beta-pinene (13.50) and Beta-Myrcene (22.59%) are the major compounds of P. lentiscus essential oil. Moreover, results showed that mortality depends on ocupation percentage and storage period. In fact, mortalities reached 68.7% and 56.6 % respectively for ocupations of 50% and 100% after 15 days of storage. On the other hand, wheat flour chromatographic analysis indicated that volatile compounds absorption by the wheat flour varied with ocupation space and affected insect mortality in a manner that more compounds are absorbed, more mortality are obtained. In dead, the total amounts of the absorbed major compounds attained 2.52% and 1.02% of the total of the oil for 50% and 100% ocupation spaces respectively. Results indicated that under mill conditions, T. castaneum management could be successful by using P. lentiscus essential oils and by optimizing ocupation space and storage duration parameters.

Keywords: Tribolium castaneum, Pistacia lentiscus, wheat, ocupation, quality


Fumigant Effect of Tunisian Essential Oils on Hidden C. maculatus Individuals

M. Hedjal ep Chebheb1*, A. Kellouche1, Mediouni Ben djemaa Jouda2, Larbi Mohamed Khoudja1

1University Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi Ouzou Algeria2Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Appliquée à l’Agriculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Rue Hedi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunis, Université de Carthage, Tunisia.*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The objective of this work is to study the toxicity of essential oils of Tunisian origin on the hidden individuals of C. maculatus aged 12 and 18 days. The biological parameters studied are: the hatching rate of the eggs and their viability. Healthy seeds of cowpea are contaminated with adults of C. maculatus in Petri dishes. After 24 hours, we remove the bruches, and 4 to 5 days later, we sort the seeds bearing eggs and count 50 hatched eggs (2 to 3 eggs per seed). A number of seeds infested with 50 hatched eggs are placed in an oven until the 12th day. The doses used are: 6.5 μl/l; 12.5 μl/l; 25μl/l; 50 μl/l and 75 μl/l. For each dose, we have varied the duration of exposure: 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The same procedure is used for individuals aged 18 days. From the results obtained, we find that the number of adult individuals emerging from cowpea seeds decreases as the dose of essential oils increases. For E. astringens and E. lehmanii, the viability of C. maculatus is zero at 75 μl, no adult beetle has emerged after 48 hours of exposure and from 72 hours for E. maidenii and E. cinerea. Con-cerning softwoods, regardless of the duration of exposure and the dose used, the viability of the young larvae varies between 50% and 75.5%. The viability of individuals aged 18 days and exposed to different doses of essential oil during the various exposure times decreases progressively for the essential oil of T. articulata, C. sempervirens and P. halepensis. The via-bility rate varies between 32% and 38% after 96 h of exposure. After 72 hours of exposure to essential oils, the viability rate is less than 5% and vanishes after a 96-hour exposure period.

Keywords: Fumigation, C. maculatus, Essential Oils, Softwoods, Myrtaceae


Effects of clove and cinnamon essential oils on stored product quality and population growth of the mold mite (Tyrophagus communis) and the predatory mite (Cheyletus sp.)

Jarongsak Pumnuan*, Atjima Nuchpo, Chunya Kongrith, Ammorn Insung

King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Faculty of Agricultural Tech-nology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The quality of stored agricultural products (animal feed and broken-milled rice) infested by the mold mite (Tyrophagus communis) was investigated by applying the plant essential oils (EOs) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomun bejolgho-tha) at 5 ml/1 kg and formaldehyde and propionic acid (FT) at 1 g/1 kg and then treatment was kept in plastic bag getting along with fumigation for 24 hours, 2 times application (on days 15 and 30 after the mite introduction on the host feed). The analysis of the chem-ical composition of agricultural products stored was evaluated in term of percentages of dry matter, fat, protein, ash and fiber, and gross energy at the 60 days after treatment. The number of mites was checked before treated (day 0) and every 15 days after treatment. The result presented that all treatments showed the percentages of dry matter, protein and fib-er, and gross energy with no significantly difference when compared the control. The EOs fumigation showed the percentages of fat and ash as 1.69-1.80 and 5.55-5.77% significantly difference when compared the FT. In general, these plant EOs did not showed any effect to the quality of agricultural products stored. The result showed number of T. communis and predator mite (Cheyletus sp.) after fumigation with EOs on stored agricultural products with no significantly difference when compared to the FT. In addition, the animal feed in control group, gave the high number of T. communis and Cheyletus sp. for 1,278 and 339 mites, respectively, at 15 days after treatment, and 308 and 374 mites, respectively, at 30 days after treatment with significant difference when compared with the control. The mite numbers of all treatments showed higher number on animal feed more than broken-milled rice.

Keywords: feed quality, stored product mites, animal feed, broken-milled rice, fumigation


Efficacy of methanolic extract and essential oil of Lippia adoensis (Hochst. ex Walp.) against stored Bambara groundnut pest, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

E. N. Nukenine1*, C. Saidou2, D. Nanguianan1, K. H. Tofel, C. Adler3

1University of Ngaoundere, Department of Biological Sciences, Ngaoundere, Cameroon*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. is an underutilized African pulse, which is widely cultivated by smallholders over much of semi-arid Africa, and is usu-ally destroyed during storage by Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Considering the degradation of the environment by synthetic residual insecticides, botan-icals could serve as safer pesticides. Methanolic extract (ME) and essential oil (EO) from the leaves of Lippia adoensis each at four dosages, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg and 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 ml/kg, respectively, and Delvap Super® (Dichlorvos 1%, Cypermethrin 0.36% [AI]) (DS) at 0.10 g/kg, used as standard insecticide, were evaluated for toxicity to C. maculatus adults, F1 progeny production and grain protectant during storage. All the products were effective at protecting V. subterranea from insect attack; however, C. maculatus was more susceptible to the EO compared with the ME, and was even more susceptible to DS. DS, EO and ME achieved total mortality (100%) of C. maculatus at 0.1 g/kg within one day, 0.50 ml/kg within three days and 10 g/kg within five days, respectively. 1 d-LC50 value was 22.58 g/kg for ME and 0.43 ml/kg for EO. DS at 0.1 g/kg, EO at 0.50 ml/kg and ME at 10 g/kg completely inhibited adult emergence and protected the grains from damage caused by C. maculatus. Therefore, EO and ME are good candidate botanical insecticides for control of C. maculatus in stored grains by poor-resourced farmers and store keepers in Cameroon and other developing countries.

Keywords: Vigna subterranea, Cowpea weevil, Botanical insecticide, Toxicity, Progeny in-hibition


Determination of Residual Contact Toxicity of Semi-Synthetic Spinosyn Insecticide, Spinetoram Against 3-4 Nymph Stages of American Cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L.

Mehmet Ramazan RİŞVANLI1, Özgür SAĞLAM2, Hasan TUNAZ1*, Ali Arda IŞIKBER1, Kadir ÖZCAN1, Mehmet Kubilay ER1

Kaharamanmaras Sutcu Imam University Agriculture Faculty Plant Protection Department Avsar Campus 46100 Kahramanmaras Turkey*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In present study, residual contact toxicity of Spinetoram suspension, which is semi-synthetic spinosyn insecticide, on three different surfaces (concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring) against nymph stages of P. americana were investigated under labo-ratory conditions. P. americana nymphs were exposed to concrete, ceramic floor tile, lami-nate flooring surfaces treated with Spinetoram suspension at the rates of 0.01, 0.0075, 0.005, 0.002, 0.001 mg AI/cm2. In surface treatment of Spinetoram, exposure time and concentra-tion had significant effect on mortality rates of P. americana nymphs on treated surfaces. On all treated surfaces, lower concentrations of Spinetoram (0.002 and 0.001 AI/cm2) resulted in low and moderate mortality of the nymphs. On the other hand, 0.005 mg/cm2 and above concentrations approximately 100 % mortality of P. americana nymphs. On all treated sur-faces, there were significant differences in the efficacy of Spinetoram against P. americana nymphs at different concentrations. In general, between 7th and 9th days of on all applied surfaces 0.005 mg/cm2 and higher concentrations caused 100% or almost 100% mortality of P. americana nymph stages. In conclusion, this study indicated that Spinetoram suspension treatment on different surfaces to have potential to be used in control of P. americana and to be an alternative for conventional synthetic residual insecticides.

Keywords: Spinetoram, P. americana, residual contact toxicity


A new biological control method for the common furniture beetle: Parasitic wasps versus Anobiidae

Judith Auer, Deborah Schweinfest, Alexander Kassel

APC AG, Ostendstrasse 132, 90482 Nürnberg, Germany*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The common furniture beetle Anobium punctatum is the most frequent wood pest in historical buildings in middle, north and eastern Europe, causing devastating dam-age disintegrating the wooden interior. We present a new biological control method of A. punctatum using its most frequently found antagonist, the braconid wasp Spathius exarator. This parasitoid drills its ovipositor through the surface of infested wooden objects, paralyz-es the larvae of A. punctatum and deposits a single egg onto it. Newly eclosed S. exarator larvae feed from the woodworm which is finally dying. S. exarator larvae pupate and adult wasps hatch through a 0.5 mm wide exit hole which can be easily distinguished from the 2 mm wide holes caused by A. punctatum. Since 2012, a total of 53 A. punctatum infested buildings was treated with S. exarator. Monitoring of success was conducted by calculating the parasitisation rates from the number of newly appeared exit holes of host and parasitoid in clearly defined areas within the infested buildings. Spathius exarator treated objects show significantly higher parasitisation rates compared to untreated objects (Mann-Whitney U; p= 4.41x10-6). Parasitisation rates, number of newly eclosed S. exarator wasps and the re-duction of eclosing furniture beetles are shown from a representative church, monitored over a period of five years. Laboratory experiments revealed a parasitisation rate of 100% in sprouce wood within three months, while parasitisation rates were 87.7% in pine and 67.8% in beech at this time. Testing the ability of S. exarator in parasitizing further wood damaging beetles revealed no parasitisation of Hylotrupes bajulus and only incomplete parasitisation of Lyctus brunnes. Our results reveal S. exarator as an efficient and sustainable biological con-trol method of A. punctatum. Though, more practical experience will be required to develop a continuous application program optimizing treatment and rate of success.

Keywords: biological control, wood pest, cultural heritage, common furniture beetle, par-asitic wasps


Fumigant toxicity of plant essential oils and selectedmonoterpenoid components against 1-3 nymph stages of American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Yasemin Bengü ŞAHAN2, Ali A. IŞIKBER1, Hasan TUNAZ1*, M. Kubilay ER1

Kaharamanmaras Sutcu Imam University Agriculture Faculty Plant Protection Department Avsar Campus 46100 Kahramanmaras Turkey*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this study, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Thymus vulgaris, Oregano dubium, Rosemarinus officinalis, Brassica nigra plant essential oils and Carvacrol, Citronella, Allyl isothiocayanate, Eugenol monoterpenoid components were tested at concentration of 5µl l-1 of air. Test results varied according to plant material, concentration, and exposure time. Allium sativum, Brassica nigra and Allyl isothiocayanate showed 100% mortality of nymph of P. americana at the concentrations of 12 µl l-1, 1 µl l-1 and 1 µl l-1 of air respectivelly for the nymph. On the other hand Allium cepa, Thymus vulgaris, Oregano dubium, Rosemarinus officinalis, Carvacrol, Citronella, Eugenol showed little or no mortality. For these three effec-tive chemicals, concentration and time-mortality tests were conducted. Estimated LC50 and LT50 values for Allium sativum, Brassica nigra and Allyl isothiocayanate were 3.84 µl l-1 of air and 5.36 hour, 0.50 µl l-1 of air and 13.97 hour, 0.23 µl l-1 of air and 9.18 hour for nymphs respectivelly. The data obtained from this study, Allium sativum, Brassica nigra plant essen-tial oils and Allyl isothiocayanate monoterpenoid component have potential as fumigants for use against the P. americana.

Keywords: Monoterpenoid component, Periplaneta americana, Allium sativum, Brassica nigra, Allyl isothiocayanate


Evaluation of novel ecofriendly synergists for insecticide formulations against Blattella germanica (L.)

Olga Chiesa*, Michela Panini, Maria Cristina Reguzzi, Claudia Sotgia, Emanuele Mazzoni

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Via Emilia parmense, 84 – 29122 Piacenza, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Blattella germanica (L.) is a common pest of anthropic environments. Cockroach infestations are associated with poor sanitation, particularly around food-handling facilities, causing damages and contaminations. Furthermore, this species is responsible for transmit-ting microorganisms which implicate medical and hygienic problems. In this study, carried out in the framework of the European project "Ecosyn" (Ecofriendly synergists for insecti-cide formulations, funded by the 7th Framework Program of the European Union), the syn-ergists PBO and some of its new derivatives were combined with two insecticides to assess any possible effect. The cypermethrin was assayed using a contact test in vials, leaving the insects with the products for 30 minutes, with evaluation of the knock-down effect every 5 minutes. Then, cockroaches were transferred in untreated vials and mortality was assessed 24 hours later. In general, the synergists did not influence the knock-down effect but caused a significant increase in mortality compared to the insecticide used alone. The S-methoprene effect was evaluated feeding virgin females for a week with moist baits containing insecticide and synergist. After mating with untreated males, every day mortality and appearance, abor-tion or hatching of ootheca were assessed. Although differences among various synergists were observed, the treated cockroaches showed a delay in ootheca production, an increase in its abortion and a reduction in the number of births.

Keywords: Cockroaches; Synergist; Insecticide resistance; Pyrethroids; Juvenoids


Preventive conservation and IPM: their sustainability for cultural properties protection

Maria Cristina Reguzzi*, Claudia Sotgia, Gabriele Canali, Alessia Berzolla, Elisabetta Chiappini, Giulia Pezzini

Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreCorresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: While in Europe IPM standard has just been published, in Italy restoration culture still represents the main conservation practice because of the high visibility for both the property itself and the conservation institution, as well as for public and private sponsors. This research was carried out in Northern Italy institutions “hosting” different properties that realized a restauration activity due to insect damage. For each of them costs due to ordinary organizational management, restoration, and IPM were investigated in order to compare and analyse them and verify the sustainability of preventive conservation meas-ures. First of all, this research shows not only a very limited disposability to provide internal, financial data but also the tendency to have incomplete data recording. For these reason it is very difficult to verify the convenience of different management strategies. Furthermore, it confirms the general absence of preventive conservation programs due to the ignorance of the existence of an IPM standard procedure and the lack of prepared staff. In the only case in which an IPM program has been part of the standard management since many years, its annual cost represents only the 0.2% of the estimated value of the collection. The effective prevention plans with an IPM project are definitely a small matter compared to assets value. Finally it would be desirable that institutions support the prevention costs to create long-term solutions rather than a single restoration.

Keywords: IPM, Italian cultural heritage, preventive conservation measures, restoration, museum pests


Insect pests of insulation wool panels

Maria Cristina Reguzzi, Claudia Sotgia, Valentina Cinieri, Emanuele Zamperini

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 PiacenzaCorresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The spread of sustainability theories in architecture are leading to an increasing use of natural materials and to buildings designed and constructed in accordance with en-vironmentally friendly principles. Sheep’s wool has interesting thermal and acoustic proper-ties and it represents a renewable resource due to the recycle of a by-product. However wool is subject to insect attack, consequently technical precautions are required for its correct use. The existing literature about insulating materials did not address the use of sheep’s wool, so lacking technical knowledge about this material, builders transpose the conventional technique to bio-products but this can easily produce errors from design up to installation phase. In Italy cases of severe infestations mainly due to Tineola bisselliella on wool insulat-ing panels have been observed. Furthermore Dermestid beetle infestations were found. The signs of insect infestation can be seen only when it is already at an advanced stage and it is very difficult to identify it without invasive and costly inspections on the walls. Emerging adults reach the interior of the buildings where environmental conditions are stable and food sources are easily available. It’s important, therefore, to apply planning precautions for a proper use of these interesting natural materials, in order to avoid risk from attack by insects. This work critically analyse the current treatment procedures and the constructional methods for the use of insulating wool panels, highlighting the observed defects and pro-posing some alternative solution.

Keywords: Wool, insulation, Tineola bisselliella, damage, Dermestidae


Grain storage under N2 controlled atmosphere: An eco friendly method against mycotoxigenic fungi and pests

L. Moncini, S. Sarrocco, G. Pachetti, A. Moretti, M. Haidukowski, G. Vannacci

Centro Ricerche Strumenti Biotecnici nel settore Agricolo-forestale (CRISBA)- ISIS "Leopoldo II di Lorena", Centro Ricerche CRISBA- ISIS "Leopoldo II di Lorena" Cittadella dello Studente, Pazzale Alunno, 58100 – Grosseto, Italy*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Many biotic factors, such as mycotoxigenic fungi and pests, can affect cereals quality during storage. The use of modified atmosphere with low O2 concentration replaced by N2 is a promising tool to control mycotoxigenic fungi and pests during post-harvest. Aim of the present work is to evaluate (in a system patented by Eurosider sas) the effect of N2 atmosphere on: 1) the growth and mycotoxin production of Fusarium verticillioides (fumonisin) and Aspergillus flavus (aflatoxins) on corn, and of Fusarium langsethiae (T2 and HT2 toxins) and Fusarium graminearum (deoxynivalenol) on wheat; 2) the populations of the post-harvest pests Sitophilus sp. and Tribolium sp. on corn and flour, respectively. When exposed to highly purified N2 controlled atmosphere, the growth and sporulation of F. verticillioides, A. flavus, F. graminearum and F. langsethiae was significantly reduced and mycotoxin production resulted to be altered. In addition, atmosphere containing 95.0% and 98.5% N2 caused, in corn, the complete mortality of adult population of Sitophilus sp. after 12 and 6 days, respectively. For Tribolium sp. on wheat flour, 98.5% N2 caused the total mortality after only 3 days but this pest showed a high resistance at lower rates of N2. Results herewith obtained suggested that N2 controlled atmosphere represents a valid sustainable method to avoid or reduce chemical products, with a low energetic costs and that could be transferred to a large-scale system for grain storage.

Keywords: Cereals; storage; mycotoxigenic fungi; pests; N2 atmosphere


Effects of antagonistic bacteria and their mixtures on Monilinia fructicola

Brankica Tanović1*, Jovana Hrustić1, Milica Mihajlović1, Goran Delibašić2

1Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Postharvest losses, caused by fungal diseases, are the major factor limiting the storage period and market life of stone and pome fruits. Currently, the control of postharvest decay is mainly based on the use of synthetic fungicides during growing season. In recent years, the use of microbial biofungicides has increased continuously due to public concerns regarding the risk of pesticide residues in food and their negative impact on the environ-ment. One of the main practical constrains in the use of microbial biopesticides is their variable efficacy, mainly because of unfavorable environmental effects on their activity and survival. To practically solve this problem, a combination of two or more microorganisms has been proposed. The aim of this study was to test a hypothesis that a mixture of two mi-croorganisms with profound antimicrobial properties could improve their effectiveness un-der different environmental conditions. In vitro antagonistic activity assays were performed at three different temperatures, 12⁰C, 24⁰C and 30⁰C, using wells technique. As a model organism Monilinia fructicola was used. Based on antagonistic effect, seven of 108 strains were chosen for further studies and identified to the species level. The results showed that the temperature significantly affects antimicrobial activity of the strains, and that the effec-tiveness of the studied strains in vitro was not improved by their combined use regardless the temperature.

Keywords: biological control, biopesticides, brown rot, antimicrobial activity, stone fruit


Could host adaptation and host alternation be suitable alternatives for safer control of the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus during storage?Soumaya Haouel Hamdi1, Meriem Labidi1, Mariam Hedjal-Chebheb2, Moez Amri3, Ali Ouji4, Emna Boushih1, Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa1*

1Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Insti-tute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia, 2Faculty of Biologic and Agronomic Sciences, University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-ouzou, Algeria,3Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program (BIGM), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco4Regional Research Development Office of Agriculture in Semi- Arid North West of kef, Tunisia.*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In Tunisia, the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus is the major pest of stored chickpea Cicer arietinum. Its control is mainly based on the use of synthetic fumigants. This work aims to investigate the possibility of using host adaptation and host alternation as safer alternatives for the postharvest control of C. maculatus. For that, three hosts namely chick-pea (Amdoun 1 and Beja 1 varieties), Lentils Lens culinaris (Ncir variety) and cowpea Vigna unguiculata (variety Black eye) were used. The cowpea seeds were provided from Algeria since this primary host is not cultivated in Tunisia. The host adaptation test consists in a sur-vey on the development of a C. maculatus strain selected on chickpea, to determine the level of its acceptability and suitability on the three hosts during six generations and its evolution over time and successive generations in terms of pest fertility and host infestation levels. In addition, the effects of alternation of the three hosts on the pest fecundity and hosts weight loss were studied after six generations. A no-choice test was carried out in a completely randomized design, factorial scheme, with all hosts combinations and three replications. Results showed that host adaptation could limit C. maculatus population on lentils and cow-pea compared to chickpea for storage periods not exceeding three months. Indeed, after one month of storage, infestation levels reached 69.33%, 50.66% for chickpea (Amdoun 1 and Beja 1 varieties respectively) toward 2.15% and 16.32% for lentils and cowpea. Regarding alternation of hosts’ trials, results showed significant reduction in C. maculatus fecundity within hosts’ combinations. Moreover, significant decreases in weight loss were observed.

Keywords: host, adaptation, alternation, C. maculatus


Eco-friendly management of stored product pests – a case of stored legumes pest

D. R. Thakur

Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India ([email protected])

Abstract: Indian society is amongst the oldest societies of the world, having rich social, cultural, and agricultural traditional knowledge and practices. In India more than seventy five percent of the people live in the villages. They are directly and indirectly depend upon the agriculture for their livelihood. Cereals and pulses are the staple food of India and stored by the farmers in homes, stores and godowns for future years. Crop losses due to insect pests are quite high and continue even after their harvest in stores. Pulses have 20-27% pro-teins which is 2- 3 times higher than traditional cereals. These constitute the main source of proteins for developing countries, like India where per capita consumption of the animal protein is low, thus they are rightly considered the poor man’s meat. Almost all insect pests of stored grain have a remarkably high biotic potential and within one season, they destroy 7-10 percent of the grain and contaminate the rest with undesirable odour and residues. India is largest pulse consumer, importer and producer country of the world ocupying an area of 228.47 lakh hectares with the production of 17380 million tones every year. With the United Nations declaration of 2016 as International Year of Pulses to replace the social evil of malnutrition by legume, the research pertaining to the biology and bio intensive man-agement of bruchids (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a serious pest of legumes worlwide has become increasingly important. The association, infestation, interference, economic loss, nuisance, quantity as well as quality destruction of edible proteins by pest species and its economic feasible, ecological viable and ecofriendly control by physical, biological and bo-tanicals means will pave the way to bring the second “Green Revolution” in India.


New observations in food preference of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Smaro Papadopoulou*, Ch. Chrysohoidis

AlexanderTechnological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, School of Agricultural Technol-ogy, Laboratory of Entomology, PO Box 1456; GR-54101, Greece*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) known as Saw-toothed Grain Beetle, is one of the most common grain feeding insects found in grain stored farms. It is found in granaries, warehouses, elevators and food mills. According the global bibliography, O. surinamensis attacks cereals, cereal-based products, but also copra, spices, nuts, dried fruit. Both adults and larvae, may feed on grain dust and larvae preferen-tially fed on the germ. It has also been investigated that insect damaged kernels were more attractive to O. surinamensis than whole kernels. Additionally insect damaged kernels elicit more attractiveness than mechanically split kernels. In this work, another food preference of adults and larvae is presented, namely on dead insects. This insect’s preference was observed in a personal entomological collection of the co-author. The entomological collection was carried to the Laboratory of Entomology of Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, for study. O. surinamensis’ adults and larvae (from feeding of insects) were placed in boxes with different species of dead insects. Specifically, in each of 100 cardboard boxes, 10 disinsectised dead insects were put from different Orders. Also 30 disinsectised whole and damaged seeds of rice, 15 adults and 15 larvae of the O. surinamensis were put in controlled climatic conditions in the Laboratory of Entomology. The observations were taken twice of the week, for two months. The results showed that both adults and larvae were fed the same from all dead insects’ species and seeds of rice. It was observed that the O. surinamensis’ attack on dead insects was in most cases complete. Ιn conclusion, the present study illustrates that O. surinamensis is a dangerous aggressive enemy, against preserved insects, in entomological collection files.

Keywords: O. surinamensis, Silvanidae, dead insects, entomological collections, infested in-sects


Seasonal dynamics of lepidopteran stored grain pests in Central Slovenia

Primož Žigon*, Jaka Razinger, Špela Modic

Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Pheromone based monitoring tools provide information on actual pest pres-ence, population density, distribution and level of stored product infestation over time. We studied seasonal distribution and ocurrence of four lepidopteran species which often infest stored grain. We present the results of a two-year study obtained within grain warehouse of the Infrastructural centre Jablje of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia in Mengeš. The appearance of all four investigated species was confirmed in both years of investigation. In the 2015 season we started monitoring the pests in July at which time adult males of all four species were already present. In 2016 the monitoring was started in the beginning of May when first males of European grain moth (Nemapogon granella L., Tineidae) were caught. In both years adults of some investigated species were active till the end of November. Angou-mois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella [Oliver], Gelechiidae) was the dominant species in both years of the study, followed by Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella [Hübner] and Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Pyralidae). European grain moth was the least common in both years of investigation. Based on the seasonal dynamics data we conclude that all four investigated species develop at least two generations under the storage condition in Central Slovenia.

Keywords: Lepidoptera, monitoring, pheromone traps, Slovenia, stored grain pests


The effect of various grains to adult body size and life cycle parameters of Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.)

Aleksandra Ignjatović Ćupina1, Petar Kljajić2*, Goran Andrić2, Marijana Pražić Golić2, Mihaela Kavran1, Dušan Petrić1

1University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, Serbia2Pesticide and Environment Research Institute, Banatska 31b, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) is a primary stored grain pest, which larvae develop within a kernel of cultivated cereal species. The respond of the pest to various grain commodity was studied in no choice laboratory experiment (T=27±1⁰C; 60-80% r.h. and LD 16:8h), by rearing moth populations on grains of different Poaceae plant species, including entire grains (corn, wheat, barley, sorghum and millet), mechanically damaged grains (corn in fractions with/without embryo and endosperm, polished rice) and grains of plant species still unknown as hosts (tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass). The food convenience was estimated by comparing various population parameters. The development was successfully accomplished in all substrates, except in Kentucky bluegrass. Adults reared on undamaged grains of corn had the longest body size (males 5.99 mm, females 6.83 mm), while the shortest was recorded in those reared on tall fescue (males 2.67 mm, females 2.76 mm). Small sized grains (sorghum, polished rice, millet and tall fescue) caused significantly higher mortality rate, prolonged developmental period, favoured higher portion of emerged males, reduced the reproductive capacity of females (number of oocytes, laid eggs, ovipo-sition period) and shortened the adult life span of both sexes. However, the results demon-strated that the pest survival is possible in some small grain species, as well as in mechani-cally damaged kernels of common host grain species.

Keywords: Grains (Poaceae); S. cerealella; Effects; Body size; Life cycle parameters.


Effects of the antennal sensilla distribution pattern on the behavioral responses of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Suliman A. I. Ali*, Mory M. Diakite, Saqib Ali, Man Qun Wang

Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The morphology and distribution of sensilla on the antennal flagella of male and female adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), were investi-gated by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Behavioral responses of male and female adults were measured with 12 host-plant and leaf-volatile stimuli. No sexual dimorphism was observed in the distribution and types of sensilla. Two types of sensilla, trichodea and basiconica, were observed on the antennae. Sensilla trich-odea were distributed on all antennal segments but were most abundant on the last 3 seg-ments. In contrast, sensilla basiconica were found exclusively on the last 3 segments of the antenna. TEM cross sections showed sensilla trichodea to have a thick cuticular wall and regular point-shaped pores around the cuticular wall. Sensilla basiconica possessed a thin wall and continuous pores and dendrites. The pores on the walls of the sensilla indicate that they play a role in sensing chemical stimuli and in olfactory functions. Female and male adults of T. castaneum showed broad overlap in their behavioral responses to various odors. Preference for some volatiles was noted, but after removal of the 3 terminal antennal segments, there was no significant preference for any compound that had been previously attractive to the beetles when tested with the complete antennae.

Keywords: antenna, sensillum, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron mi-croscopy, behavior response


The impact of walnuts, almonds and hazelnuts as a nutrient medium on larval development of Plodia interpunctella

Snežana Tanasković1*, Sonja Gvozdenac2, Filip Vukajlović3, Snežana Pešić3, Kristina Miljković1, Dragana Predojević3 1University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia2Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia3University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute for biology, Kragujevac Serbia*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Indian meal moth - IMM (Plodia interpunctella, Hbn.) is economically the most important pest of dried fruits in Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the dif-ferences between IMM larval development on walnut, hazelnut and almond kernels. The experiment was set in three series (walnut, hazelnut, almond), with 12 jars in each series. In each jar, which contained 100 ml of the nutrient medium, 50 one-day old IMM eggs were introduced. Comparative dynamics of larval development in different treatments was monitored weekly, until the last larva pupated. Out of total number of placed eggs (600), 344 larvae hatched on almond kernels (57%), 285 on walnut (47.5%) and 235 on hazelnut (39.17%). The highest number of developed larvae/repetition was recorded on almond 38 (76%), walnut 31 (62%) and the lowest, 29 larvae on hazelnut (58%). The number of hatched larvae on hazelnut was statistically significantly lower, compared to the number of larvae on almonds and walnut (F=5.70**, 7.09**, p<0.01, respectively) after 14 and 21 days. During the fourth and fifth inspection (28 and 35 days from the beginning of the experiment), the highest number of larvae was registered on hazelnuts and almonds, while the lowest number was recorded on walnuts. The differences in the number of larvae between treatments are statistically highly significant (F=5.55**, 6.06**, p<0.01, respectively) and are probably due to more rapid larval development on walnut kernels.

Keywords: Plodia interpunctella, larvae, walnut, almond, hazelnut


The effect of time's exposure and thickness of material on efficacy of microwave energy in some different stages for some storage insects

Mohammed Z. Khalaf, Iman M. Ahmed, Falah H. Naher

Directorate of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Karrada, Jadyria, P. O. Box: 765, Baghdad, Iraq*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Dates artificially infested with eggs and larvae of Ephestia cautella and corn seed artificially afflicted with Sitotroga cerealella have been exposed to microwave 1000 Watt at different exposure time (0, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 second). The results have indicated that the microwave has high capacity on killing eggs and larvae of E. cautella and S. cerealella; be-sides this effect gets increased by increasing the exposure time. Ratio of killing eggs reached to 92% and 100% during time of exposure 40, 45 second consequently, in comparison with 23%, 38% at exposure time 20, 25 second. The results have not indicated the spiritual dif-ferences in ratios of killing when dates arranged with one layer or two layers when being exposed to ray. In respect to larvae processing, the percentage of killing reached to 93%, 97% during exposure time 40, 45 sec consequently in comparison with 20%, 35% at expo-sure time 20, 25 sec. In treatment of the larvae, results indicated that mortality was 93%, 97% at 40, 45 sec exposure time compared with 20%, 35% at 20, 25 sec exposure time. In respect to corn seeds, mortality of larvae of S.cerealella moths was 97% at 45 sec exposure time compared with 34%-36% at 20 sec exposure time. Results have not indicated to any effects on germination of corn seeds. Results have explained that the efficacy of microwave on controlling fig moth insect that afflicted stored dates played as an alternative method for Methyl Bromide in stored corn seeds.

Keywords: Microwave, Control, dates, Ephestia cautella, Sitotroga cerealella


Abderraba Manef 103Aćimović Milica 101Adler Cornel 41, 106Agrafioti Paraskevi 38, 58Ahmed Iman M. 122Ali Qurban 30, 40, 44, 51Ali Saqib 120Ali Suliman A. I. 120Allegra Jonny 58, 63Alpkent Yasįn Nazim 61Amante Marco 99Amoah Barbara 42Amri Moez 24, 115Andrić Goran 76, 84, 86, 87,

89, 102, 119Anjum Najuf Awais 44Arif Mokhtar Abdulsattar 95Arroyo Alonso 94Arthur Frank 19, 56, 68, 71Ascrizzi Roberta 22Asghar Muhammad 30Athanassiou Christos G. 33, 38, 58, 63,

71, 75Auer Judith 108Aulicky Radek 78Aydi Abdelkarim 103Aydin Zehra 32Bachrouch Olfa 24, 103Baličević Renata 23Bareil Nicolas 16Baytekin Önder 83Bedini Stefano 22, 25, 26Bella S. 80Bello-Bravo Julia 73Ben Abada Maha 27Bergh J.C. 93Bernabei Luca 81Bernard Sophie 53Bertacchi Andrea 22Berzolla Alessia 66, 79, 111Beserra Paulo 94BİLGİLİ Yeter 75

Bocchino Rossella 26Bohinc Tanja 86, 87, 89Borboa-Flores Jesús 77Boulogne Isabelle 53Boushih Emna 24, 103, 115Bozkurt Hüseyin 60Braghieri Giuseppe 95Bursić Vojislava 21Caimi Marco 95Campbell James 19, 37Campolo Orlando 36Canali Gabriele 111Cappitelli F. 65Carmona Artiom 94Carvalho Maria Otília 54Cassani G. 43Castañé Cristina 29Castilleux Romain 53Chiappini Elisabetta 66, 79, 111Chiesa Olga 110Chinnici G. 80Chronopoulos John 81Chrysohoidis Ch. 117Cinieri Valentina 112Colazza Stefano 95Conti Barbara 20, 22, 25, 26Cortesi P. 65Cosci Francesca 22, 25, 26Daglish G. J. 71Delibašić Goran 114Dervić Aida 87Diakite Mory M. 120Dillon Aoife B. 33Doganay Inanç 32, 60, 75Dries-Zhang L. 71Driouich Azeddine 53Emekci Mevlüt 45, 47Eroglu Yalcin Nazife 45, 47Ertürk Saįt 61Faisal Muhammad 30, 40, 44Fanelli Corrado 52Fields Paul 15

INDEX OF AUTHORS


Filippini P. 43Flamini Guido 22Follet Gueye Marie-Laure 53Fradinho Patrícia 54Fürstenau Benjamin 31Galović Ines 23Gašić Slavica 84Gerhard Jakob 63Girardi Jessica 22, 25, 26Girgenti Paola 69Giunti Giulia 36Götze Carolin 58, 63Guarino Salvatore 95Gul Zaheer Abbas 34Gültekįn Mehmet A. 46Güray Ferizli Ahmet 45Gvozdenac Sonja 21, 90, 91, 121Haidukowski M. 113Halamić Josip 23Hamami Majdi 103Hamel Darka 17Haouel Hamdi Soumaya 24, 103, 115Hasan Mansoor ul 30, 34, 40, 44,

51Hedjal-Chebheb Mariam 24, 104, 115Hilker Monika 31Horvat Aleksander 86, 87Hrustić Jovana 114Ignjatović Ćupina Aleksandra 119Insung Ammorn 105Işikber Ali A. 32, 46, 60, 75,

82, 96, 107, 109Iturralde-García Rey D. 29, 77Jabri Karoui Iness 103Jacob G. 58Jelnikar Jerneja 86Karachalios George 81Karamysheva Natalia N. 85Kassel Alexander 108Kavallieratos Nickolas G. 81Kavran Mihaela 119Kellouche A. 104Khalaf Mohammed Z. 122Khoudja Larbi Mohamed 104Kljajić Petar 76, 84, 86, 87,

89, 102, 119Koçak Erhan 61, 62Kojić Danijela 101Kolar Vlastimil 78Konemann Charles E. 59Kongrith Chunya 105Kontodimas Dimitrios Ch. 81Kordista M. K. 92Korunić Zlatko 23Kubilay Mehmet 32, 75, 82, 96,

107, 109Kuhar T.P. 93Kurtuluş Kamil Emre 45La Pergola A. 80Labidi Meriem 115Lampugnani F. 43Léry Xavier 94Leskey T.C. 93Limam Ferid 103Limonta Lidia 69Liška Anita 23Locatelli Daria P. 69Lombardi Tiziana 22López-Ferber Miguel 94Lucić Pavo 23Magro Ana 54Mahroof Rizana 42Malenčić Đorđe 101Mason L. J. 51Massoudi Chokri 24Mazzeo G. 100Mazzoni Emanuele 110Medina Gerardo 94Médiouni Ben Jemâa Jouda 24, 27, 103, 104,

115Mehmood A. 51Mihajlović Milica 114Miklič Vladimir 91Miliani A. 43Miljković Kristina 90, 121Modic Špela 118Moncini L. 113Morales-Amaral Maria del Mar 98Mordkovich Yakov B. 85Moretti A. 113


Morrison III William R. 93Msaada Kamel 103Naher Falah H. 122Nanguianan D. 106Navarro Hagit 57, 67Navarro Shlomo 57, 67Nead-Nylander Barbara 39Nicoli Aldini Rinaldo 79Niño Laura 94Nuchpo Atjima 105Nukenine E. N. 106Ocran Abena 70Opit George 19, 59, 70Ouji Ali 115Ovuka Jelena 21, 91ÖZCAN Kadir 107Pachetti G. 113Palmeri Vincenzo 36Panini Michela 110Papadopoulou Smaro 92, 117Paparatto A. 43Pappalardo G. 80Pecorino B. 80Pellizzari G. 100Peri Ezio 95Perišić Vesna 88Pešić Snežana 88, 90, 121Petrić Dušan 119Petrović Miloš 101Pezzini Giulia 111Phetyukhina Ekaterina G. 85Plachy Jan 78Popović Aleksandra 101Porcelli F. 100Potin Olivier 33Pražić Golić Marijana 76, 84, 86, 87,

89, 102, 119Predojević Dragana 88, 90, 121Prvulović Dejan 21, 91Pumnuan Jarongsak 105Qasim Muhammad 34Querner Pascal 64Rauf Atif 34Raymundo Anabela 54Raza Ali 34

Razinger Jaka 118Reguzzi Maria Cristina 66, 79, 110, 111,

112Rehman Habib ur 40RİŞVANLI Mehmet Ramazan 107Riudavets Jordi 28, 29, 77Ropitaux Marc 53Rozman Vlatka 23Rumbos Christos I. 33Russo Agatino 80, 99, 100Saadaoui Ezzeddine 24Sabbour Magda M.A. 48, 49, 50Sagheer Muhammad 34, 51Sağlam Özgür 32, 46, 60, 75,

83, 107ŞAHAN Yasemin Bengü 109Saidou C. 106Sajeva Maurizio 95Sajid W. 51Sakka Maria 33, 63Saleem Shahzad 30, 40, 44, 51Salem Nithal 103Salerno M. 100Saracchi M. 65Sarrocco S. 113Savoldelli Sara 43, 65, 69Schmitt Thomas 35Schöller Matthias 99Schweinfest Deborah 108Serrani L. 43Shakir Hafiz Usman 40Shakya Kandara 70Skoková Habuštová Oxana 97Snoj Martin 89Sotgia Claudia 66, 79, 110, 111,

112Sotiroudas Vasilis 38, 58, 63Sousa Isabel 54Spina Giuseppe 18Sriti Jazia 103Stejskal Vaclav 55, 78Stevanović Marija 84Stojanović Tijana 101Storm Clare 33Suma Pompeo 80, 99, 100


Süss Luciano 43Šućur Jovana 101Svobodová Zdeňka 97Tanasković Snežana 21, 90, 91, 121Tanović Brankica 114Tatić Mladen 21, 91Tavella Francesca 95Thakur D. R. 116Thoms Ellen 39Tofel K. H. 106Tonda Alberto 72Trdan Stanislav 86, 87, 89Trematerra Pasquale 74Troiano F. 65Tunaz Hasan 32, 75, 82, 96,

107, 109Uslu Hasan 82Vannacci G. 113Vicré Maité 53Vila Rifá Enric 98Villa F. 65Vinokurov Konstantin S. 97Vukajlović Filip 21, 88, 90, 91,

121Wakil Waqas 35Walgenbach J. 93Wang Man Qun 120Waqas Saqib 34Wong-Corral Francisco J. 77Wrighton Jewel 42Yakovlev Petr A. 85Yilmaz Abdullah 61, 62Zamperini Emanuele 112Zeeshan Muhammad 44Zhaorigetu Hubhachen 59Žigon Primož 118Zini Nadia 95Zito Pietro 95

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