WORKING CONDITIONS LABOR UNREST Formation of Labor Unions.
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Transcript of WORKING CONDITIONS LABOR UNREST Formation of Labor Unions.
WORKING CONDITIONS
LABOR UNREST
Formation of Labor Unions
LABOR UNREST1870-1900
Labor Unions & Labor Leaders
• Knights of Labor 1869– Uriah Stephens – Terence V. Powderly
AFL 1886Samuel Gompers
InternationalWorkers of theWorld (IWW)
or “Wobblies”
Big Bill Haywood
Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism
Knights of Labor
-Open to ALL workers
-Advocated arbitration, strikes should be a last resort
American Federation of Labor
-skilled workers only
-Used strikes as a major tactic, successful strikes led higher wages & shorter workweeks
IWW-Unskilled workers including African Americans
-Radical Unionsts and Socialists
Socialists
Eugene V. Debs
-Started working for RR at age 14
-Orgz. American Railway Union
-Read Karl Marx while in jail & became spokesperson for Socialist Party
-Will run for president 5 times
The Great Railroad Strike1877
-workers from B&O protested 2nd wage cut
-over 50,000 mi of track was stopped for over a week
-Prez. Hayes intervened with federal troops to stop strike because it interfered with interstate commerce
The Haymarket Riot 1886
-May 4th 3,000 people gathered at Chicago’s Haymarket Square to protest police brutality
-At 10am crowd began to disperse when police arrived and suddenly a bomb was tossed into police line
-Police fired on workers several died from each side
-No one ever learned who threw the bomb
-8 workers were convicted, 4 were hanged & public opinion began to turn against labor movement
Pullman Cars
Pullman Strike 1894
Mother Jones
• Marry Harris• Organizer of
the United Mine Workers
• Founded Social Democratic Party
• One of founding members of IWW
The Miner’s Angel
-supported Great Strike of 1877
-to expose child labor she led a march of 80 children mill workers with hideous injuries on the home of President Roosevelt
-led to passage of child labor laws
Triangle Shirtwaist FactoryAsch Building, 8th and 10th Floors
Triangle Shirtwaist FactoryAsch Building, 8th and 10th Floors
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
Inside the Building After the FireInside the Building After the Fire
10th Floor After the Fire10th Floor After the Fire
Crumpled Fire Escape, 50 DiedCrumpled Fire Escape, 50 Died
Dead Bodies on the SidewalkDead Bodies on the Sidewalk
Scene at the MorgueScene at the Morgue
Relatives Review Bodies146 Dead
Relatives Review Bodies146 Dead
Most Doors Were LockedMost Doors Were Locked
One of the “Lucky” Ones?One of the “Lucky” Ones?
Rose Schneiderman
The LastSurvivor
Rose Schneiderman
The LastSurvivor
Page of the
New York Journal
Page of the
New York Journal
One of the Many FuneralsOne of the Many Funerals
Protestors March to City HallProtestors March to City Hall
Out of the AshesOut of the Ashes► ILGWU membership surged.
► NYC created a Bureau of Fire Prevention.
► New strict building codes were passed.
► Tougher fire inspection of sweatshops.
► Growing momentum of support for women’s suffrage.