WORKABILITY AND STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR OF … · marble powder 15% partial replacement of cement ......

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2016, pp. 474–482 Article ID: IJCIET_07_04_042

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=4

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication

WORKABILITY AND STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR OF

SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH SILICA FUME

AND MARBLE SAWING WASTE

R.L.LIJA

Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Padur, Tamil Nadu

S. MINU

Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Padur, Tamil Nadu

ABSTRACT

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is relatively new type of concrete which offers several

economic and technical benefits; the use of by product extends its possibilities when combined with

SCC. In this research, cement is partially replaced with silica fume of 15%,20%,25% and 30% by

weight and each concrete mixes were added with 15% of marble sawing waste. The effects of silica

fume and marble sawing waste inclusion on the workability and strength parameters of self

compacting concrete were studied. To check the effect of silica fume and marble sawing waste on

workability parameters, filling ability and passing ability of concrete was evaluated by J-ring,

slump flow, U-box, V-funnel and L-box test. With the addition of 10% of silica fume powder with

15% marble sawing waste, maximum compressive strength were attained. Silica fume 15% and

marble powder 15% partial replacement of cement to attain more flexural strength and stiffness,

but compromising ductility of the flexural member.

Key words: Self Compacting Concrete, Marble Sawing Waste, Silica Fume, Workability

Cite this Article: R.L.Lija and S. Minu, Workability and Strength Behaviour of Self Compacting

Concrete with Silica Fume and Marble Sawing Waste. International Journal of Civil Engineering

and Technology, 7(4), 2016, pp.474–482.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=4

1. INTRODUCTION

Self compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and

compaction. It is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full

compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. The hardened concrete is dense,

homogeneous and has the same engineering properties and durability as conventionally vibrated concrete

(CVC). Self Compacting Concrete offers a rapid rate of concrete placement, with faster construction times

and ease of flow around congested reinforcement. The elimination of vibrating equipment improves the

environment on and near construction and precast sites where concrete is being placed, reducing the

exposure of workers to noise and vibration. The improved construction practice and performance,

combined with the health and safety benefits, make SCC a very attractive solution for both precast

concrete and civil engineering construction.

Workability and Strength Behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete with Silica Fume and Marble Sawing Waste


Self Compacting Concrete usually offers several high performance properties in terms of mechanical

behaviour and durability over conventional Vibrated Concrete (CVC).

Use of industrial wastes and by products as an aggregate or raw material is of great practical

significance developing building material components as substitutes for materials and providing an

alternative or supplementary materials to the construction industry in a cost effective manner and the

conservation of natural resources.

The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural resource and energy

source and lessen the burden of pollution on environment .Presently Large amounts of marble dust are

generated in natural stone processing plants with an important impact on environment and humans. This

project describes the feasibility of using the marble dust in concrete production as partial replacement of

cement. In INDIA, the marble and granite stone processing is one of the most thriving industry the effects

if varying marble dust content on the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete

have been investigated.

Therefore, the present work is aimed at developing a concrete using the marble sawing waste, an

industrial waste as a replacement material for the cement. By doing so, the objective of reduction of cost of

construction can be met and it will also help to overcome the problem associated with its disposal

including the environmental problems of the region.

2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

2.1. Materials

The mixtures investigated in this study were prepared with Ordinary Portland Cement which is fulfilled the

requirements in the Indonesian Standard SNI 15-2049-2004.Well graded crushed quarry aggregate, with

specific gravity 2.71, was used as coarse aggregate. A maximum aggregate size of 12.5 mm and down was

chosen for coarse aggregates, as it is commonly used for SCC mixes. Well-graded natural sand, with

specific gravity 2.6 and maximum size 4.75 mm, was used as the fine aggregate. Fly ash used as mineral

admixture while naphthalene based superplastisticizer also added in to the mixes. Specific gravity of

marble powder used was 2.813.

Silica fume imparts very good improvement to rheological, mechanical and chemical properties. It

improves the durability of the concrete by reinforcing the microstructure through filler effect and thus

reduces segregation and bleeding. It also helps in achieving high early Silica fume of specific gravity 2.34

was used in this study. The chemical composition of Silica fume is given in Table 1

Table 1 Chemical Composition of Silica Fume

S. No. Constituents (%)

1 SiO2 91.03

2 Ai2O3 0.39

3 FE2O3 0.39

4 CAO 1.5

5 LOI 4.05

R.L.Lija and S. Minu


Figure 1 Silica fume

2.2. Mix proportions

Cement = 409 kg/m3

Fine Aggregate 918 kg/m3

Coarse aggregate =730 kg/m3

Water =167 liters

Silica fume = 65.29kg/m3

Marble powder = 75.33kg/m3

Super Plasticizer = 1.1%

Mix proportion: 1:2.24:1.78

• Up to 35% replacement of marble powder with silica fumes for cement.

• Conplast SP430 Super plasticizer is used as admixture.

• Glenium stream 2 is used for Viscosity Modifying Agent.

2.3. Details of Experimental Tests

Fresh characteristics of SCC were evaluated based on its four main measurements; passing ability,

flowability, viscosity and segregation resistance. Those characteristics were measured using following

tests; J-ring Test (ASTM C1621), Slump flow,T 50 slump flow,V-funnel,L-box and U-box. For the

investigation of hardened concrete properties, the compressive, splitting tensile strength, and impact

resistance of SCC were investigated. Concrete specimens were cured with water immersion for 28 days at

the ambient temperature. Compressive strength tests for all the variants of concrete mixes with different

fibre contents were done on three cylinders of 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm length, based on ASTM C-

39. The compressive strength of concrete was determined as the average of those three specimens for each

variant. For tensile strength investigation, the Brazilian splitting tensile test was carried out on three

cylinders with 150 mm diameter and a height of 300 mm based on ASTM C496, and the tensile strength of

concrete was taken as the average of the those three cylinders for each variant.

Workability and Strength Behaviour

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSI

3.1. Fresh Characteristics

Table 3 Slump Flow

The addition of silica fume into SCC mixes

Figure.

Table 4 J-RING (mm) and. L-BOX (H2/H1)

600

650

700

750

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

silica fume

Slump flow (mm)

0

0.5

1

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

SILICA FUME

J-RING AND L-BOX

SILICA

FUME Slump

flow (mm)

J-Ring

(mm)

0% 710 0.98

5% 690 0.95

10% 685 0.92

15% 665 0.89

20% 655 0.87

nd Strength Behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete with Silica Fume

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 477

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 2 Fresh properties

Slump Flow Results

Figure 2 Slump flow

into SCC mixes tends to lower the flowability

BOX (H2/H1)

Figure 3

20%

Slump flow (mm)

Slump flow

(mm)

BOX

J-Ring (mm)

L-Box

Fresh properties

Ring

(mm) V-funnel L-Box U-Box

0.98 8.9 0.89 22

0.95 8.7 0.87 25

0.92 8.6 0.85 26

0.89 8.3 0.83 28

0.87 8.1 0.81 29

ith Silica Fume and Marble Sawing Waste

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lump flow

flowability (Slump Flow),as show in

Figure 3 L - Box

W/P RATIO &

SP DOSAGE &

Marble Sawing Waste

0.9

SP (1.1%)

15%


Table 5 V-FUNNEL (sec)

Table 6 U-BOX (R1-

From the above result it is evident that proportionally the addition of

property which in proportion affect the passing ability of SCC.

3.2. Hardened Properties

Table 7

S.

No.

SILIC

A

FUME

Compressive strength

1 0%

2 5%

3 10%

4 15%

5 20%

7.5

8

8.5

9

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

SILICA FUME

V-FUNNEL

0

10

20

30

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

silica fume

U-Box



FUNNEL (sec)

Figure 4 V - Funnel

-R2)

Figure 5 U-

From the above result it is evident that proportionally the addition of silica fume

property which in proportion affect the passing ability of SCC.

Table 7 Comparison of Compressive Strength Results:

7 Days

Compressive strength

(N/mm2)

28 Days

Compressive

strength

(N/mm2)

Percentage of

28.44 38.55

29.68 39.44

30.43 40.88

26.22 36.33

23.16 34.22

SILICA FUME

V-funnel

U-Box

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Funnel

- Box

silica fume reduces the flow

Percentage of

increase

28 Days

--

2.308%

6.04%

-5.75%

-11.23%

Workability and Strength Behaviour


Figure 6

From the chart it is concluded that for

maximum compressive strength attained.

3.2.2. FLEXURAL STRENGTH

The flexural strength test was conducted using five numbers of 100 x 150 x 1700 mm size reinforced

concrete beams reinforced as shown in figure 7. The beams were subjected to four point bending test. The

beams were instrumented with three LVDT’s in the pure be

increments using a hydraulic jack. The load was measured using a load cell. The behaviour of the

specimen in terms of crack development, the failure mode and the ultimate load were observed during the

test. The deflection at 750 mm, 500mm, 375 mm from the support were recorded using LVDT’s. The

moment Vs maximum deflection of the beam is a major criterion in determining the flexural performance

of the reinforced concrete beams. At each load increment, the load was

were recorded.

Figure 8 Testing of beam specimen

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0%

nd Strength Behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete with Silica Fume


Figure 6 Comparison of Compressive Strength Results

From the chart it is concluded that for 10% replacement of silica fume and 15% of marble dust

strength attained.

flexural strength test was conducted using five numbers of 100 x 150 x 1700 mm size reinforced


beams were instrumented with three LVDT’s in the pure bending region. The load was applied in small



eflection at 750 mm, 500mm, 375 mm from the support were recorded using LVDT’s. The


of the reinforced concrete beams. At each load increment, the load was held constant and the deflections

Figure 7 Reinforcement Details

Testing of beam specimen Figure 9 Finished specimen

5% 10% 15% 20%

SILICA FUME

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

ith Silica Fume and Marble Sawing Waste

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Compressive Strength Results

silica fume and 15% of marble dust the

flexural strength test was conducted using five numbers of 100 x 150 x 1700 mm size reinforced


nding region. The load was applied in small



eflection at 750 mm, 500mm, 375 mm from the support were recorded using LVDT’s. The


held constant and the deflections

Finished specimen

7 DAYS

28 DAYS



Table 8 Flexural strength test results

SILICA FUME +

marble sawing

waste 15%

Ultimate failure load

(Pu) (kN)

Ultimate deflection

midspan (mm)

First crack load

(kN)

Mode of

failure

0% 45.573 18.453 16 Flexure

5% 44.232 16.975 17 Flexure

10% 46.673 20.746 15 Flexure

15% 42.115 22.195 14 Flexure

20% 34.276 24.369 12 Flexure

3.2.3. DUCTILITY

Ductility index is defined as the ratio of ultimate mid span deflection to deflection at initial crack load of

the beams are presented in table.

Table 9 Ductility index

SILICA FUME +

marble sawing

waste 15%

First crack load

mid span deflection

(mm)

Ultimate load mid

span deflection

(mm)

Ductility Index

D.I=Δy / Δx

0% 2.532 18.453 7.287

5% 2.654 16.975 6.396

10% 2.467 20.746 8.409

15% 2.325 22.195 9.546

20% 4.664 24.369 5.224

From the table 9, 15% replacement of silica fume and 15% of marble sawing waste beam specimen has

higher ductlity index than other beams indicating that other beams are stiffer than 15% replacement of

silica fume and 15% of marble sawing waste beam specimen. It is also observed that 20% replacement of

silica fume and 15% of marble sawing waste specimen have lesser ductility.

Figure 10 Cracked pattern

3.2.4 STIFFNESS

Stiffness may be defined as load required causing unit deflection. The stiffness values of replacement of

silica fume 0%,5%,10%,15%,20% and 15% of marble sawing waste specimens at ultimate load and first

crack load and Percentage Reduction in stiffness are presented in this Table 10, 11 and 12.

Workability and Strength Behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete with Silica Fume and Marble Sawing Waste


Table 10 Initial Stiffness

SILICA FUME +

marble sawing

waste 15%

First crack load

(kN)

Mid span deflection at first

crack load (mm)

Stiffness

(kN/mm)

0% 16 2.532 6.319 5% 17 2.654 6.405

10% 15 2.467 6.080 15% 14 2.325 6.021 20% 12 4.664 2.572

Table 10 shows that stiffness value of replacement of silica fume 0% and 15% of marble sawing waste

and replacement of silica fume 15% and 15% of marble sawing waste specimen have similar stiffness and

more than the other specimens upto first crack loaded except replacement of silica fume 5% and 15% of

marble sawing waste. Replacement of silica fume 5% and 15% of marble sawing waste has more more

stiffness value.This shows that the addition of silica fume makes the concrete stiffer.

Table 11 Ultimate Stiffness

SILICA FUME +

marble sawing

waste 15% Ultimate load (kN)

Mid span deflection at

Ultimate load (mm)

Stiffness

(kN/mm)

0% 45.573 18.453 2.469

5% 44.232 16.975 2.605

10% 46.673 20.746 2.249

15% 42.115 22.195 1.897

20% 34.276 24.369 1.406

Table 11 shows that Specimen with replacement of silica fume and 5% of marble sawing waste has

higher stiffness value than other specimen beams except control beam specimen has more or less same

stiffness value at ultimate load.

Table 12 comparison of Stiffness

SILICA FUME + marble

sawing waste 15% Initial Stiffness (kN/mm) Final Stiffness (kN/mm)

0% 6.319 2.469

5% 6.405 2.605

10% 6.080 2.249

15% 6.021 1.897

20% 2.572 1.406

Table 12 shows the stiffness of specimen with replacement of silica fume and 15% of marble sawing

waste specimen has high percentage reduction in stiffness than other specimens. Silica fume15% and 15%

of marble sawing waste specimen is next to replacement of silica fume 15% and 15% of marble sawing

waste specimen in percentage reduction in stiffness. Replacement of silica fume 20% and 15% of marble

sawing waste specimen has less percentage of reduction in stiffness.

CONCLUSION

In this project work experiments were carried out for the effective replacement of cement with silica fume

(0%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) and marble powder (15%) in self compacting concrete. The addition of silica

fume resulted in similar flow parameters in SCC as that of conventional self compacting concrete. The

results of compressive strength test show that the strength increases up to 6.04% when the cement is



replaced with 10% silica fume. When silica fume content further increased, the strength found to decrease.

The flexural strength of 20% replacement specimen is nearly higher than the control specimen.

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