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Organ is a composition of tissues doing
particular function together. Main plant organs that
have vegetative characteristics consist of root (radix),
stem (caulis), and leaf (folium).
1. RootRoot is a plant organ that anchors into
the soil. The function is to absorb water and
mineral salts from the soil, strengthen the plant
erection, store food, and as respiratory organ,
e.g. mangrove root.
In root anatomy, the orderly structure
from outward to inward is epidermis, cortex,
endodermis, and vascular cylinder.
a. EpidermisThe epidermis of root consists of
a single layer cell that is tighly packed
without intercellular air space. The
walls are thin and semi permeable. The
presence of epidermal cell behind the
growth point of root causes the root
surface larger; therefore the substance
absorption becomes more efficient.
b. CortexCortex of root consists of
multiple layers of cells with thin walls.
The cells are loosely arranged so they
have many intercellular spaces. The
cells often contain starch as food
storage or even crystal.
Competency standard :
To know relationship between
structure and function of plant tissue
and it applying in environmental
science of society and technology
context
Basic competency:
To identified structure function of
plant and correlating it with it
function, to explain totipotency
character as tissue culture basic
Indicator:
y To make plant organ microscopicobservation preserve
y To observe structure of plantorgan
Main matter:
Observation structure of tissues of
plant organ
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c. EndodermisEndodermis consists of one layer cell that is tightly packed
without intercellular air space, located in the innermost layer of cortex.
Young cells of endodermis have thin and semi permeable walls.
d. Stele (VascularCylinder)Stele is located in the innermost of endodermis. It consists of
several tissues, as follows.
y Pericycle (pericambium), which is the outer layer of stele.y Vascular bundle, which consists of xylem andphloem on alternating
radii.
y Pith, which is the tissue between vascular bundle that consists ofparenchyma tissues.
2. StemStem is a plant organ which grows on ground surface. The functions
are to conduct water and mineral salts from root to leaves, to conduct nutrition
from leaves throughout plant body, as a place to store food, and as the
attachment site of leaves, flowers, and fruits.a. Dicotyledon Stem
Dicotyledon stem grows from apical meristem which makes the
stem always elongate. The part of the apical meristem is called growth
point. The tissues that compose dicotyledon stem, from the epidermis
inward are: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pith, cambium, phloem,
xylem, and pith rays.
b. Monocotyledon StemMonocotyledon stem has small apical meristem and consists of
epidermis, ground meristem, and vascular bundle. Monocotyledon has
scattered vascular bundle on the ground meristem and closed collateral
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type. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by bundle sheath (sclerenchyma
bundle) which is usually thick, particularly onthe sheath edge.
3. LeafLeaf has several functions, such as a place for photosynthesis, to
absorb CO2 from environment, and to discharge excessive water. Leaf
consists of some tissues, dermal tissue (epidermis), ground tissue (mesophyll),
and vascular tissue.
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1.2 Activity
A. Purpose : Observing the tissues of plant organ (stem).B. Tools and Materials
1. a microscope2. some object glasses3. some cover glasses4. a razor5. a piece of blotting paper6. some aniline sulfate solution 1%7. a slice of stem of corn (Zea mays) and peanut (Arachis hypogea)
C. Procedures:1. Make cross section on stem available plant by using a razor. Try to cut as
thin as possible.
2. Put the section on different object glass that has been dropped by anilinesulfate.
3. Cover the object glass with the cover glass.4. Observe the specimens that you have made by using the microscope with
magnification start from 10 x 10, then with larger magnification.
5. Draw the observed parts and give explanation.Questions:
1. What are the differences between the structure of stem of corn (Zea mays)and that of peanut (Arachis hypogea)?
2. On what magnification can the tissue specimens be clearly observed?