Work-Related Stress and Stress Management - Copy
Transcript of Work-Related Stress and Stress Management - Copy
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C H A P T E R:C H A P T E R: S E V E NS E V E N
Work-Related
Stress andStress
Management
Work-Related
Stress andStress
Management
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Time-Stressed Canadians
Calgary lawyer Nick
Salaysay and many other
Canadians work long days
and continue workingduring vacations. Research
indicates that this work
intensification lifestyle is
stressful.
Calgary Herald/Mikael Kjellstrom
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What Is Stress?
An adaptive response
to a situation that is
perceived as
challenging or
threatening to the
persons well-being
Calgary Herald/Mikael Kjellstrom
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Stage 1
Alarm Reaction
Stage 2
Resistance
Stage 3
Exhaustion
Normal
Level of
Resistance
General Adaptation Syndrome
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StressStress
WorkWork
StressorsStressors
InterpersonalInterpersonal
RoleRole--relatedrelated
Task controlTask control
Organizational/Organizational/PhysicalPhysical
EnvironmentEnvironment
Stressors and Stress Outcomes
NonworkNonwork
StressorsStressors
Individual
DifferencesConsequencesConsequences
of Stressof Stress
PhysiologicalPhysiological
BehaviouralBehavioural
PsychologicalPsychological
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Stress in Hong Kong SARS Ward
These medical professionals at Prince ofWales Hospital
in Hong Kong were on the frontline, treating patients withthe SARS virus, which claimed over 800 lives and created
high stress levels among nurses and doctors.
AP Photo/Vincent Yu
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What Are Stressors?
Stressors are the causes of stress -- any
environmental condition that places a physical
or emotional demand on the person.
AP Photo/Vincent Yu
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Interpersonal Stressors
Seem to be the most common group of
workplace stressors
Include Team dynamics
Organizational politics
Bad bosses
Workplace violence
Psychological and sexual harassment
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Psychological Harassment
Repeated and hostile or
unwanted conduct, verbal
comments, actions or
gestures, that affect anemployee's dignity or
psychological or physical
integrity and that result in a
harmful work environment
for the employee
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Sexual Harassment
Unwelcome conduct -- detrimental effect on
work environment or job performance
Quid pro quo employment or job performance is conditional on
unwanted sexual relations
Hostile work environment
an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working
environment
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Minimizing Harassment
1. Develop policies and culture of a more
respectful workplace.
2. Screen job applicants for past incidents
where they have harassed others.
3. Use multi-source (360-degree) feedback to
identify harassing behaviour.
4. Develop a trustworthy conflict resolution
process.
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Role-Related Stressors
Role conflict
incongruity or incompatibility of expectations associated
with the persons role
Occurs when two roles conflict with each other
Occurs when personal values conflict with work roles
Role ambiguity
uncertain task and social expectations
Work overload increased hours and intensity
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Task Control Stressors
Stress increases when employees lack
control over
How and when tasks are performed
Pace of work activity
Low task control is a higher stressor when
job also has high responsibility
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Org & Physical Environment Stressors
Organizational
Most prevalent is downsizing, which affects layoff survivors
reduced job security
chaos of change
additional workloads
guilt of having a job as others lose theirs
Physical Environment
Due to excessive noise, poor lighting and hazards
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Work-Nonwork Stressors
Time-based conflict
due to business travel, inflexible and/or rotating
work schedules
for women -- still do most household chores
Strain-based conflict
work stress affects home, and vice versa
Role behaviour conflict
incompatible work and family roles
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AccountantAccountant
ArtistArtist
Auto MechanicAuto Mechanic
ForesterForester
Low-Stress
Occupations
High-Stress
Occupations
Hospital managerHospital manager
Physician (GP)Physician (GP)
PsychologistPsychologist
School principalSchool principal
Police officerPolice officer
Tel. operatorTel. operator
Prime MinisterPrime Minister
Waiter/waitressWaiter/waitress
Stress and Occupations
Medium-Stress
Occupations
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Individual Differences: Resilience
Capability of individuals to cope successfully in theface of significant change, adversity, or risk
Personality traits
extroversion, low neuroticism, internal locus of control, high
tolerance of change, and high self-esteem
Adaptability to stressors
high emotional intelligence
good problem-solving skills
productive coping strategies
Inner strength/sense of purpose
Workplace spirituality
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Workaholism
Work addicts (classic workaholics) Highly involved in work
High drive to succeed
Low enjoyment of work
Have Type A behaviour pattern -- impatient, competitive,
temper, interrupts others
Enthusiastic workaholics Highly involved in work, high drive to succeed, and high
enjoyment of work
Work enthusiasts High work involvement and work enjoyment, but LOW
drive to succeed
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BehaviouralBehavioural
PsychologicalPsychological
Work performance, accidents,absenteeism, aggression, poor
decisions
Dissatisfaction, moodiness,depression, emotional fatigue
PhysiologicalPhysiologicalCardiovascular disease,
hypertension, headaches
Consequences of Stress
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CynicismCynicism
Reduced EfficacyReduced Efficacy
Physiological,Physiological,
psychological,psychological,
and behaviouraland behaviouralconsequencesconsequences
EmotionalEmotionalExhaustionExhaustion
Interpersonal and
Role-Related Stressors
Job Burnout Process
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StressStress
ManagementManagement
StrategiesStrategies
Remove theRemove theStressorStressor
Withdraw fromWithdraw fromthe Stressorthe Stressor
Change StressChange StressPerceptionsPerceptions
Receive SocialReceive SocialSupportSupport
Control StressControl StressConsequencesConsequences
Stress Management Strategies
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Remove the Stressor
Stress audits -- investigate sources of stress
Change corporate culture and reward system
Provide environment that supports empowerment
Person-job matching
Work/life balance initiatives Flexible work time
Job sharing
Telecommuting Personal leave
Childcare facilities
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Stress Mgt. At Liggett-Stashower
When employees at Liggett-
Stashower, Inc. in Cleveland
need a short break from the
daily stresses of work, they
retreat to one of three theme
rooms, including this karaoke
room. The higher the stress
level, the more singing there is
going on, says Liggetts artdirector.
Courtesy of Liggett Stashower, Inc.
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Withdraw from the Stressor
Permanent withdrawal
Remove employees from jobs
not aligned with their
competencies
Temporary withdrawal
Coffee/lunch breaks
Karaoke breaks (photo)
SabbaticalsCourtesy of Liggett Stashower, Inc.
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Other Stress Mgt Strategies
Change stress perceptions
Self-efficacy, self-leadership
Control stress consequences Relaxation and meditation
Fitness and wellness programs
Social support
Emotional and informational
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C H A P T E R:C H A P T E R: S E V E NS E V E N
Work-Related
Stress andStress
Management
Work-Related
Stress andStress
Management