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Transcript of Work Related Attitude
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Work RelatedWork RelatedAttitudeAttitude
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Forming AttitudeForming Attitude
Social Learning Approach to Attitude change:Social Learning Approach to Attitude change:
Social learning theorists, such as Albert Bandura,Social learning theorists, such as Albert Bandura,
say that attitudes and behaviors are learnedsay that attitudes and behaviors are learnedthrough our interactions with the social world inthrough our interactions with the social world in
which we live. Our attitudes, beliefs, values andwhich we live. Our attitudes, beliefs, values and
behaviors tend to be learned, or, more accurately,behaviors tend to be learned, or, more accurately,
copied from others in our social world.copied from others in our social world.
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Two powerful social processes shapeTwo powerful social processes shape
attitudes and behaviors:attitudes and behaviors: modelingmodeling andand
consensusconsensus
ModelingModeling occurs when a respected member of theoccurs when a respected member of the
group exhibits a behavior or attitude that othergroup exhibits a behavior or attitude that othergroup members then emulate. The power of agroup members then emulate. The power of a
model of affect group attitudes depends upon hismodel of affect group attitudes depends upon his
or her status with the group and upon theor her status with the group and upon the
cohesiveness of the group as a whole.cohesiveness of the group as a whole.
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Group consensusGroup consensus is a process in which allis a process in which all
members understand the issue, everyone has amembers understand the issue, everyone has a
chance to express an opinion, and those whochance to express an opinion, and those who
continue to doubt the decision understand it and arecontinue to doubt the decision understand it and are
willing to try it for a prescribed period withoutwilling to try it for a prescribed period without
sabotaging it.sabotaging it.
Consensus differs from a unanimous decisionConsensus differs from a unanimous decision
because not everyone necessarily agrees with it.because not everyone necessarily agrees with it.However, they agree to go along with the group andHowever, they agree to go along with the group and
not interfere with the practice, at least for a while.not interfere with the practice, at least for a while.
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PersuasionPersuasion
Attitudes can be changed through persuasion andAttitudes can be changed through persuasion and
we should understand attitude change as awe should understand attitude change as a
response to communication.response to communication.
Experimental research into the factors that canExperimental research into the factors that can
affect the persuasiveness of a message include:affect the persuasiveness of a message include:
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Target Characteristics:Target Characteristics:
One of the trait isOne of the trait is intelligenceintelligence--
it seems that moreit seems that moreintelligent people are less easily persuaded by oneintelligent people are less easily persuaded by one--sidedsided
messages.messages.
Another isAnother is selfself--esteemesteem -- Although it is sometimes thoughtAlthough it is sometimes thoughtthat those higher in selfthat those higher in self--esteem are less easily persuaded,esteem are less easily persuaded,
there is some evidence that the relationship between selfthere is some evidence that the relationship between self--
esteem and persuasibility is actually curvilinear, withesteem and persuasibility is actually curvilinear, with
people of moderate selfpeople of moderate self--esteem being more easilyesteem being more easilypersuaded than both those of high and low selfpersuaded than both those of high and low self--esteemesteem
levelslevels
TheThe mind framemind frame andand moodmood of the target also plays a roleof the target also plays a role
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Source CharacteristicsSource Characteristics
The major source characteristics areThe major source characteristics are expertiseexpertise,,
trustworthinesstrustworthiness andand interpersonal attractioninterpersonal attraction oror
attractivenessattractiveness
CredibilityCredibility----if one reads a report about health andif one reads a report about health and
believes it came from a professional medicalbelieves it came from a professional medical
journal, one may be more easily persuaded than ifjournal, one may be more easily persuaded than ifone believes it is from a popular newspaperone believes it is from a popular newspaper
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Message Characteristics:Message Characteristics:
The nature of the message plays a role inThe nature of the message plays a role in
persuasion.persuasion.
Sometimes presenting both sides of a story isSometimes presenting both sides of a story is
useful to help change attitudes.useful to help change attitudes.
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Direct ExperienceDirect Experience
The earliest and most fundamental way in whichThe earliest and most fundamental way in which
people form attitudes is through direct personalpeople form attitudes is through direct personal
experience with the attitude object.experience with the attitude object.
Attitude formed through ones own personalAttitude formed through ones own personal
experience with the attitude object are generallyexperience with the attitude object are generallystronger than those formed through indirect orstronger than those formed through indirect or
vicarious experience.vicarious experience.
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Direct ExperienceDirect Experience
There are two aspects of personal experience inThere are two aspects of personal experience in
the formation of attitude:the formation of attitude:
Salient incidentsSalient incidents
Repeated exposureRepeated exposure
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Genetic factorGenetic factor
Some of our attitudes are influenced (at least indirectly) by ourSome of our attitudes are influenced (at least indirectly) by ourgenetic makegenetic make--upup
Inherited sensory structuresInherited sensory structures -- attitude towards spicy foods or loudattitude towards spicy foods or loud
musicmusic
Inherited body chemistryInherited body chemistry -- attitude towards stimulants like caffeine,attitude towards stimulants like caffeine,
nicotine..nicotine..
Genetic differences in activity level might influence our attitudesGenetic differences in activity level might influence our attitudes
toward various leisure activitiestoward various leisure activities
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Genetic factorGenetic factor
Physiological factors in attitude formation can bePhysiological factors in attitude formation can beseen particularly in such condition as aging,seen particularly in such condition as aging,
illnesses, and the effects of various drugs.illnesses, and the effects of various drugs.
For instance, there is evidence that as people ageFor instance, there is evidence that as people age
they become less open to new ideas and morethey become less open to new ideas and more
rigid in their thinkingrigid in their thinking
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Role of self awarenessRole of self awareness
The self is the total of ones thoughts and feelingsThe self is the total of ones thoughts and feelingsabout self.about self.
SelfSelf--ConceptConcept: thoughts about self: thoughts about self
SelfSelf--EsteemEsteem: feelings about self: feelings about self
SelfSelf--ConsciousnessConsciousness: self awareness: self awareness
SelfSelf--WorthWorth::
SelfSelf--EfficacyEfficacy: belief and confidence in self: belief and confidence in self
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PrejudicePrejudice PrejudicePrejudice is defined as an arbitrary belief, or feeling,is defined as an arbitrary belief, or feeling,
directed toward a group of people or its individualdirected toward a group of people or its individual
members.members.
Prejudice can be either positive or negative;Prejudice can be either positive or negative;
however, the term is usually used to refer to ahowever, the term is usually used to refer to a
negative attitude held toward members of a group.negative attitude held toward members of a group.
Prejudice may lead toPrejudice may lead to discriminationdiscrimination, which, which
involves behaving differently, usually unfairly,involves behaving differently, usually unfairly,
toward the members of a grouptoward the members of a group
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Prejudicial AttitudePrejudicial Attitude
BeliefBelief-- Group X is lazyGroup X is lazy
Evaluative judgmentEvaluative judgment-- Dislike lazy peopleDislike lazy people
Behavioural predispositionBehavioural predisposition-- Disinterested in hiringDisinterested in hiring
members ofGroup Xmembers ofGroup X
DiscriminationDiscrimination-- Do not hire members ofDo not hire members of
Group XGroup X
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Problems ofPrejudiceProblems ofPrejudice
Prejudicial attitudes in this environment createPrejudicial attitudes in this environment create
problemsproblems
Produces serious friction or even conflict betweenProduces serious friction or even conflict between
people,it can have adverse effects on the careerspeople,it can have adverse effects on the careers
of people targeted by prejudicial attacks e.g.,of people targeted by prejudicial attacks e.g.,glass ceiling and also have devastatingglass ceiling and also have devastating
psychological effect on victimspsychological effect on victims
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Emotional intelligence in work placeEmotional intelligence in work place
EI doesnt means being softEI doesnt means being soft-- it means beingit means being
intelligent about emotionsintelligent about emotions--a different way of beinga different way of being
smart.smart.
An emotionally balanced professional has the abilityAn emotionally balanced professional has the ability
to cope up with uncertaintyto cope up with uncertainty and imperfection.and imperfection.
He or she (one who is having emotional intelligence)He or she (one who is having emotional intelligence)
is not so judgmental and neither treats others in a badis not so judgmental and neither treats others in a bad
way when things go wrong.way when things go wrong.
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Need of emotional intelligence atNeed of emotional intelligence at
workplaceworkplace
Managing leadershipManaging leadership::-- a person who understands what EIa person who understands what EI
is,becomes aware of implementing it in right way.is,becomes aware of implementing it in right way.
Top managers need EI because they are in a way face ofTop managers need EI because they are in a way face ofthe company. They represent the organization as wholethe company. They represent the organization as whole
and areand are role modelrole model for the employees.for the employees.
When managers fail, it is usually due to poor emotionalWhen managers fail, it is usually due to poor emotional
intelligence. If you have good EI you can handle yourselfintelligence. If you have good EI you can handle yourself
in all kinds of situation.in all kinds of situation.
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Benefits ofEIBenefits ofEI
Emotionally balanced people believe in winEmotionally balanced people believe in win--winwinsituation. They like to groom others. They respectsituation. They like to groom others. They respect
themselves and others.themselves and others.
An emotional balanced person has the ability toAn emotional balanced person has the ability to
cope with all kinds of situation whether its aboutcope with all kinds of situation whether its about
managing a bad boss or an indisciplinemanaging a bad boss or an indisciplinesubordinates or its high pressurizing job.subordinates or its high pressurizing job.
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Benefits ofEIBenefits ofEI
It improves people skillIt improves people skill
An emotionally balanced person develops theAn emotionally balanced person develops the
ability to understand other persons problem andability to understand other persons problem andalso provides solution to that.also provides solution to that.
It gives an opportunity to understand differentIt gives an opportunity to understand differentpersonalities and to act as per the situation and aspersonalities and to act as per the situation and as
per the mind set of other person.per the mind set of other person.
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It helps in conflict resolution.It helps in conflict resolution.
Emotionally balanced people always maintainEmotionally balanced people always maintainpositive attitude.positive attitude.
EI helps us to maintain warm relations with others.
EI helps us to maintain warm relations with others.
It helps us to work in coordination with others and to winIt helps us to work in coordination with others and to win
their heartstheir hearts
Benefits of EI
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Traits of people having bad EITraits of people having bad EI
They are egoist, selfish, rudeThey are egoist, selfish, rude
They never accept their mistakes.They never accept their mistakes.
They are problem creator.They are problem creator.
They bring along with them negative vibesThey bring along with them negative vibes
They always get themselves involved in rage in theThey always get themselves involved in rage in the
workplace and have relationship problemworkplace and have relationship problem