Work example wind energy storage 2012

S N O H O M I S H C O U N T Y P U D N O . 1

Wheatfield Wind – Management and Energy Storage Considerations

P o w e r a n d B u s i n e s s S e r v i c e s

Limited Generation Flexibility:

PUD electricity supply

81% - Bonneville Power Administration

7% - Wind Energy Purchases

4% - Jackson Hydroelectric Project

4% - Everett Cogeneration/Hampton Biomass Projects

3% - Long Term Contracts

1% - Klickitat Landfill Gas

Note: not including projected addition of small hydro units



Hay Canyon (Iberdrola Contract) 100.8MWh MWh

Capacity @ $75.01 per*

Wheatfield 96.6MWh Capacity at $77.50 per*

BPA SLICE averaging $30 per MWh

Disproportionate Wind Generation Capacity to non-Wind

dispatchable Snohomish Resources

Increasing urgency to focus on Power Scheduling

mechanics:

balancing resource to load consistently

optimizing BPA 2011 SLICE contractual rights and river

management

maintaining District integrity and reliability within BPA Control Area



http://transmission.bpa.gov/business/operations/Wind/WindAnimation.aspx



Optimal storage v generation through a twenty-four hour scheduling day





























Augurs increasing “displacement”, or spilling of hydropower to allow for wind generation

http://transmission.bpa.gov/Business/Operations/Wind/baltwg.aspx



Real-Time responsibilities first 30 minutes every hour

• Load forecasting and resources balancing

• Predicting wind generation variances, compensatory adjustment of SLICE, and

marketing length in a wind-saturated market

• ICAP marketing operations through Columbia Grid participation

• Precise allocation of NT and PTP resources, with POD, POR and Zonal designations

• “Transassigning” surplus transmission

• Comprehensively managing the District’s share of six (6) hydro plants on the

Columbia River within “hard” BPA flow constraints dynamically within SLICE 2011.

Fifteen (15) minute estimate to run “simulator” for SNO share

• Creating market and physical path tags for all internal and external Control Areas

purchases

• Communicating hourly Wheatfield generation forecasts to Horizon Wind (ROCC)

Shaping Wind



Energy Utilities are increasingly pursuing energy storage solutions to “smooth”

their wind generation, mitigating large unanticipated fluctuations in output. A

variety of energy storage methods are being considered for resource to load

congruency, frequency regulation, containing wind integration fees charged by

Control Areas, and efficiencies of hour-ahead transmission line capacity

reservations.

Energy Storage Methods

Flywheel

Energy storage is based on mechanical inertia. A heavy rotating disc is accelerated by

an electric motor, which acts as a generator on reversal, slowing down the disc and

generating electricity. Electricity is stored as the kinetic energy of the disc. It can be a

motor at one moment and a generator the next.

A system installed in Coral Bay, Western Australia, uses wind turbines coupled with a

flywheel system and low load diesel (LLD) technology resulting in a better than 60%

wind contribution to the town grid.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is also being developed as an electrical storage process. Hydrogen is

produced (using electrical energy and/or heat), then usually compressed or liquefied,

stored and then converted back to electrical energy and/or heat. However, the

conversion process to electricity is through a combustion turbine (CT), or fuel cell, not

readily feasible for the District.




Compressed Air

A grid energy storage method is to use light load (LLH) or renewably generated

electricity to compress air, which is usually stored in old mines or some other geological

feature. During peak load periods or sharp ramp-up demand, the compressed air is

heated with a small amount of natural gas and then goes through turboexpanders to

generate electricity.

Pumped Water

• Pumped storage hydroelectricity is used to even out daily load shapes by pumping

water to a high storage reservoir during LLH hours and weekends. During peak load

hours, this water can be used as a high value rapid-response reserve. Pumped storage

recovers about 75% of the energy consumed, and is currently the most cost-effective

form of mass power storage. The chief difficulty with pumped storage is that it usually

requires two nearby reservoirs at considerably different heights, and is capital intensive.




Flow Batteries

Flow batteries are rechargeable. A flow battery typically uses liquid

electrolytes that react, exchanging ions and electrons when pumped

together into a battery cell stack. The reaction in the cell membrane can

either discharge or charge the electrolytes. It’s all reversible. Storage

capacity is increased by simply increasing the size of the electrolyte tanks.

A company called Xtreme Power, on surface, seems to promise a viable

energy storage solution for Wheatfield Wind generation output subject to

potential ROI. Xtreme Power claims to have developed new technology

using dry cell batteries, in a modular, scalable system with up to 100MWh of

storage capacity. They are currently installing a battery storage system for

a Maui, Hawaii 30MWwind farm. The state wants 70% of its energy needs

met with renewables by 2030.



Xtreme Power Wind Management Claims

Power capacity up to 100MW

Power storage up to 500MWh

Cycle efficiency greater than 95% each direction

Automatic communication with transmission grid and SCADA systems

Prevents curtailments due to grid constraints or low demand

Cost-effective solution to ramp-up / ramp-down excursions





ENERGY STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS – NEAR FUTURE

Wind capacity doubles within last 3 years in Washington, Oregon and California

By 2013, wind capacity expected to double again

California just increased renewable energy standard. Will need more RECs.

REC demand drives increasing production of renewable energy, potentially disrupting

Mid-Columbia markets to ruinous conditions

15% Northwest wind farm energy purchased by public utilities. BPA manages 75%

region’s high voltage transmission system, including most sections serving the wind

farms.

Disproportionate displacement of hydropower to accommodate wind production growth

Routine spilling will harm fish and not a strategic solution

Curtailing wind undermines its economics by foregoing tax and renewable energy

credits

BPA ongoing pressure to increase wind integration fees up to quadruple current rates

Consistent operational problems when BPA wind integration reaches total capacity of

6,000MW, projected in 2013



Moojen Solution

Work example wind energy storage 2012

Career

Transcript of Work example wind energy storage 2012