Word of the DayWord of the Day

Technological Literacy

Week 14

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Week 16

Week 13

Week 12

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Week 9Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

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Week 7

Week 8

Technological LiteracyTechnological Literacy

To understand and be able to evaluate technology

Includes basic knowledge, ways of thinking and capabilities

InternetInternet

Is the overall communication network that supports the World Wide Web.

It is the actual network of computers that exists

wwwwww

World Wide Web which is an Information Resource that exists as a service within the Internet

The first three letters of a web page address

Baud RateBaud Rate

Speed at which data is transferred over the phone lines while using a modem

Measured in Kbps, Mbps, GbpsKilobits per secondMegabits per secondGigabits per second

URLURL

Uniform Resource Locator is the web page address

Sample address: www.indians.com

Browser SoftwareBrowser Software

Software that allows you to see the pages on the World Wide Web.

Sample browsers include Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator

HyperlinkHyperlink

Text or images on a Web Page that can be clicked to load another document in your browser

HTMLHTML

Hyper Text Mark-Up Language, the computer language that web pages are written in.

KBPSKBPS

Kilo bits per second Rate of data transfer

Search EngineSearch Engine

A search engine or web crawler is a program on the Internet that is used to help the user locate information

It’s a program!Sample search engines:

– www.excite.com– http://altavista.digital.com– www.infoseek.com

Meta Search EngineMeta Search Engine

A program on the Internet that uses more than one search engine at the same time to locate information

It’s a program! Sample meta search engines:

www.AskJeeves.comwww.dogpile.comwww.metacrawler.comhttp://mamma.com

Search DirectorySearch Directory

A Web site that provides links to information organized into a categorical, alphabetical hierarchy.

Yahoo is the most popular online search directory.

Created by a person!

GoogleGoogle

Most used search engine owned by Googlegoogol is a number, 1 followed by one

hundred zerosGoogle was created by Sergey Brin and

Larry Page

Parts of a web addressParts of a web address

http://www.nasa.govhttp – hypertext transfer protocolwww- world wide webNasa – name of the server or computerGov – domain name (Government)

– Edu - Education– Org - organization

ComputerComputer

A collection of electronic parts that follow electronic instructions

The electronic parts are called hardwareThe electronic instructions are called

software

Functions of a ComputerFunctions of a Computer

All computers perform four basic functions

– Receive input– Process input– Store input or data– Produce data in a useable format

HardwareHardware

Hardware is the physical devices that make up a computer system– CPU– Monitor– Modem– Mouse– Printer– Scanner

CPUCPU

Central Processing Unit or microprocessor is the brains of the computer.

The CPU acts as an air traffic controller directing data.

Pentium I, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV

MotherboardMotherboard

Sometimes called the Mo-Bo or system board, it is the main circuit board of the system unit

ByteByte

A single alphanumeric (letter or number) character is called a byte

An 8 digit pattern of 0’s and 1’s for every letter, number or symbol entered into the computer

Based on the binary numbering system

BitBit

The smallest unit of information the computer handles

8 bits = 1 byte16 bits = 2 bytes32 bits =4 bytes

0000 0001 = number 10000 0010 = number 2

KilobyteKilobyte

Kilobyte is one thousand bytes

Kilo – means thousand, actually 1024

Byte – refers to any alphanumeric character

File size is measures in kilobytes for example a file that is 5K is approximately 5000 bytes, precisely it’s 5120 bytes

MegabyteMegabyte

Mega – means millionBytes – refers to any alphanumeric

character2 to the 20th power 1,048,576 bytesMegabytes is approximately million

charactersHard disk space is measured in Megabytes10MB is equal to about 10,000,000 characters

GigabyteGigabyte

Gigabyte is one billion characters Giga – means billion 2 to the 30th power 1,073,741,824 bytesHard drive space is measured in Gigabytes

3GB is equal to about 3,000,000,000 characters

TerabyteTerabyte

2 to the 40th power1,099,511,627,776 bytesOne trillion bytesAbbreviated - TB

RAMRAM

Random Access MemoryA temporary form of memory that holds

files as they are being created, and programs.

If power is lost RAM is erased.Many software packages require a certain

amount of RAM – Windows ’98 - 8MB of RAM

ROMROM

Read Only Memory

Permanent memory that can not be erased or adjusted.

ROM is the basic operating information the computer needs to run.

Operating SpeedOperating Speed

How fast a chip can process the information that it is given.

Takes the data that is typed in, converts it to bytes and bits, processes the data and displays that data to the user in a form they can understand.

Megahertz / GigahertzMegahertz / Gigahertz

Unit of measure for the operating speed of a computer

Abbreviated MHz / GHzMillions / Billions of cycles per secondFaster means more money

GigahertzGigahertz

Unit of measure for the operating speed of a computer

Billions of cycles per secondTypical speeds are 2.93 GHz, 3.4GHzFaster means more money

Quiz 9Quiz 9

MonitorMonitor

A piece of hardware that displays information to the user.

Come in a variety of sizes 14, 15, 17, 19 inch, measured diagonally

Color vs. black and white

ResolutionResolution

Refers to the sharpness expressed in the number of pixels or dots that make up a screen.

The more pixels, the higher the resolutionSamples of resolution 640x480 where the

first number is the number of horizontal pixels.

Dot PitchDot Pitch

Refers to the distance, measured in millimeters, between pixels.

A comfortable dot pitch is .28 - .31 millimeters.

The smaller the dot pitch, the closer the pixels and the sharper the image.

Screen SaverScreen Saver

Protects your monitor so that an image doesn’t burn into the screen

Screen savers come with WindowsScreen savers will activate if the keyboard

is not used after a certain time periodSimply, move the mouse and the screen is

displayed

Quiz 6Quiz 6

Hard DiskHard Disk

Magnetic StorageAn internal/non-removable/reusable storage

device for a computer that is used to store software and files.

It is quicker to retrieve files from a hard disk than a floppy disk

Measured in Gigabytes or Terabytes

Floppy DiskFloppy Disk

Magnetic StorageAn external/removable/reusable storage

device for a computer that is used for filesCome in two sizes 5 ¼ and 3 ½ inchThe 3 ½ inch diskette stores 1.44 MB of

dataThe 5 ¼ inch diskette store 720 KB

Floppy diskFloppy disk

Diskettes are double sided, DS, which means they can store data on both sides of the diskette.

Data is stored magnetically on diskettes so you want to be sure to keep magnets away from diskettes.

CD-ROMCD-ROM

Optical StorageCompact Disc Read Only Memory that

holds approximately 650 MBUse to be Read Only Memory now you can

also write to a CD if you have the proper equipment

DVDDVD

Optical StorageDigital Versatile Disc or Digital Video DiscUsed for larger files such as videos and

moviesCapacity is anywhere from 4.7GB to 17 GB

BootBoot

To start up the computer. Cold Boot – To turn the computer on after it

has been powered off for a long period of time.

Warm Boot – To reboot a pc that has been locked up or has had features add to it.

MainframeMainframe

A powerful computer used in industries and companies to process large quantities of data

Data entry operators enter data into “Dumb” terminals where it is processed by the mainframe.

LaptopLaptop

Portable computer that often times runs off a rechargeable battery pack.

Dot Matrix PrinterDot Matrix Printer

Impact printer where each letter is composed of a pattern of dots.

Noisy, slow, inexpensive printer

Inkjet PrinterInkjet Printer

Sprays the ink from an ink cartridge onto the paper

Quiet, good quality printResolution of an inkjet printer can range

from 360 – 720 dpiMost ink jet printers produce images at a

speed of 2-7 ppm

Laser PrinterLaser Printer

A printer that works like a photocopier to produce high-quality images on a page.

A laser beam draws images on a drum which picks up fine powder, called toner, and transfers the toner to the paper.

Printer speed is 4-24 ppmResolution is 600 dpiComes in color and black and white

DPIPrinter resolution is measured in dots per

inch (dpi) and determines the quality of the images the printer can produce.

PPMPrinter speed is measured in pages per

minute (ppm) and indicates how quickly a printer can produce printed pages.

MouseMouse

A hand-held pointing device that slides across a tabletop or desk

Allows the user to make quick menu choices with a “click”

Can be used left or right handed

KeyboardKeyboard

An input device used to enter information into the computer

Briefly go over some of the keys on the keyboard

PortPort

Places in the front or back of a computer that allow peripheral devices to communicate with the computer.

Serial, Parallel, and PS/2 ports

ModemModem

An external or internal device that allows your computer to talk to another computer through the phone line.

Most modems are internal devices

DownloadDownload

To take information from one source, the Internet or another computer, and put it on your computer.

UploadUpload

To take data from your computer and place it on another computer, example a web page is uploaded to the server

CAICAI

Computer Aided Instruction packagesIn order to aid in student learning CAI

provide an automated way of learning concepts and often provide graphics and animation

VersionVersion

Revisions or updates to a given software product

Software packages need to continually improve their products in order to stay competitive.

Example: Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000

ISPISP

Internet Service Provider is company that provides you access to the Internet.

For a monthly fee, you can have companies such as America Online (AOL), Lightstream, Adelphia, and Alltel provide Internet access.

Operating SystemsOperating Systems

The basic commands and files that enable a computer to operate.

DOSDOS

Text based disk operating system used on IBM compatible computers

Every command needs to be typed.For example to delete a file in DOS the user

needs to type – delete c:\mydocuments\letter.doc

WindowsWindows

Is a graphical user interface or GUI operating system.

Windows is the interface between DOS commands and the user

Menu barMenu bar

Allows the user to make several choices regarding a particular software package.

Options are grouped together within a certain menu item. Everything having to do with a File such as printing, opening, creating etc will be under the File menu.

Title BarTitle Bar

The blue bar that is at the top of all windows programs

The blue bar allows the user to move the window around on the screen

SoftwareSoftware

The set of instructions or program a computer follows.

Software takes the data that you type in and translates it into something that the computer understands

There are two types of software– Application– System

Word ProcessingWord Processing

Using a computer to create, edit and print documents.

Of all the computer application software available, Word Processing is the most popular.

SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

Electronic spreadsheet programs organize and manipulate numerical data

The word spreadsheet comes from the pre-computer word for an accountants ledger

Spreadsheets products are sometimes referred to as worksheets

Sample spreadsheet programs include Excel, Lotus 123, QuattroPro

DatabaseDatabase

Databases allow users to store, organize and manipulate information both text and numerical data

Sample database software programs include Access, FoxPro, dBase, Oracle

MS-WordMS-Word

Word processing software created by Microsoft

MS ExcelMS Excel

Spreadsheet software used to analyze numbers and produce charts and graphs

MS AccessMS Access

Database software created by Microsoft.Database allow users to store, organize and

manipulate information.

MS PowerPointMS PowerPoint

Presentation software package, originally used with companies and businesses, and has gradually migrated to the education world.

MS Front PageMS Front Page

Software that enables the user to create a web page

Front Page is taught at the Web Page Design station and used at the Working with the Internet station.

MS PublisherMS Publisher

Package used to create signs, posters, business cards and newsletters.

Visual BasicVisual Basic

Programming language learned at the Computer Programming station. It’s also the name of a software package, Microsoft Visual Basic

Taught at Computer Programming stationIt is situation dependentIt’s a take off of the Basic language

DefaultsDefaults

Preset conditions that come with your computer and software.

For example the default font for Ms Word is Times New Roman and size 12.

Defaults can be changed by the user

VirusVirus

Your computer can get “sick” by getting a virus. Hackers will create programs to do destructive things to your computer such as damage files and erase the hard drive.

Be cautious especially when opening email.

nibblenibble

½ of a 8-bit byte or 4 bits

PetabytePetabyte

2 to the 50th power1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes

ExabyteExabyte

2 to the 60th power1,152,921,504,606,846,796 bytes

ZettabyteZettabyte

2 to the 70th power1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

YottabyteYottabyte

2 to the 80th power1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000