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DEFINITION Women Entrepreneurs may be defined as the

women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operate a business enterprise.

Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise to women.

QUALITIES OF A WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR

• Ability to learn quickly from her abilities, her persuasiveness- quick learner.

• Open style of problem solving.• Willingness to take risks and chances.• Ability to motivate people.• Knowing how to win and lose gracefully.

FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN ENTRERENEUR

• Economic Independence • Establishing Identity • Motivation • Family Support• Availability Of Funds • Greater Freedom And Mobility• Developing Risk Taking Ability• Building Confidence

WHY DO WOMEN TAKE-UP EMPLOYMENT?

• Push Factors– Death of bread winner– Sudden fall in family income– Permanent inadequacy in income of the family

• Pull Factors– Women’s desire to evaluate their talent– To utilize their free time or education– Need and perception of Women’s Liberation, Equity

etc.– To gain recognition, importance and social status.– To get economic independence

CATEGORIES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

• Women in organized & unorganized sector

• Women in traditional & modern industries

• Women in urban & rural areas• Women in large scale and small scale

industries.• Single women and joint venture.

CATEGORIES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN PRACTICE IN INDIA

• First Category– Established in big cities– Having higher level technical & professional

qualifications– Non traditional Items– Sound financial positions

• Second Category– Established in cities and towns– Having sufficient education– Both traditional and non traditional items– Undertaking women services-kindergarten, creches,

beauty parlors, health clinic etc.

CATEGORIES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN PRACTICE IN INDIA (CONTD.)

• Third Category– Illiterate women– Financially week– Involved in family business such as Agriculture,

Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Pottery etc.

SUPPORTIVE MEASURES FOR WOMEN’S ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• Direct & indirect financial support• Yojana schemes and programme• Technological training and awards• Federations and associations

DIRECT & INDIRECT FINANCIAL SUPPORT

• Nationalized banks• State finance corporation• State industrial development corporation• District industries centers• Differential rate schemes• Mahila Udyug Needhi scheme• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)• State Small Industrial Development Corporations

(SSIDCs)

YOJANA SCHEMES AND PROGRAMME

• Nehru Rojgar Yojna• Jawahar Rojgar Yojna

TECHNOLOGICAL TRAINING AND AWARDS

• Stree Shakti Package by SBI• Various training programmes by

Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India

• Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development (TREAD)

• National Institute of Small Business Extension Training (NSIBET)

• Women’s University of Mumbai

FEDERATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS

• National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)• India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New

Delhi• Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)• Association of Women Entrepreneurs of

Karnataka (AWEK)• World Association of Women Entrepreneurs

(WAWE)• Associated Country Women of the World

(ACWW)

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA

States No of Units Registered

No. of Women Entrepreneurs

Percentage

Tamil Nadu 9618 2930 30.36

Uttar Pradesh 7980 3180 39.84

Kerala 5487 2135 38.91

Punjab 4791 1618 33.77

Maharastra 4339 1394 32.12

Gujrat 3872 1538 39.72

Karnatka 3822 1026 26.84

Madhya Pradesh 2967 842 28.38

Other States & UTS 14576 4185 28.71

Total 57,452 18,848 32.82

WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATIONCountry Percentage

India (1970-1971) 14.2

India (1980-1981) 19.7

India (1990-1991) 22.3

India (2000-2011) 31.6

USA 45

UK 43

Indonesia 40

Sri Lanka 35

Brazil 35

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA• Earlier there were 3 Ks– Kitchen– Kids– Knitting

• Then came 3 Ps– Powder– Pappad– Pickles

• At present there are 3 Es– Electronics– Energy– Engineering– Economy

SOME EXAMPLES

• Mahila Grih Udyog• 7 ladies started in 1959: Lizzat Pappad• Lakme• Simon Tata• Herbal Heritage• Ms. Shahnaz Hussain• Balaji films• Ekta Kapoor

Naina Lal Kidwai, Investment Banker

Fortune magazine listed her as one of the world’s most powerful business women in 2003.

India Inc recognises her as one of its most powerful investment bankers.

But Naina Lal Kidwai, HSBC’s deputy CEO, can’t be reduced to simple woman-banker equations; her professional vision transcends gender

• Shahnaz Husain, Herbal Beauty Queen

• She’s the "Estee Lauder of India", with even famous department stores like Galleries Lafayette in Paris, Harrods and Selfridges in London and Bloomingdales in New York stocking her cosmetics, creams and lotions.

Lalita Gupte, Banker She has created a

formidable global presence of what was once a native development finance institution.

Account-holders can now bank at ICICI branches in UK, the Far East, West Asia and Canada.

With ICICI since 1971, Gupte was the first woman to be inducted on the board in 1984.

• Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi, chairman and executive officer of PepsiCo, was according to Forbes magazine's 2006 poll, the fourth most powerful woman in the world. She was also named the #1 Most Powerful Woman in Business in 2006 by Fortune magazine. She got her bachelor's degree from Madras Christian College in 1974, entered the Business Diploma programme at the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, and later moved to the US to attend the Yale School of Management. Nooyi serves on the board of directors of several organizations, including Motorola, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the International Rescue Committee, and the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.

PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

• Dual role to play at workplace & at home place

• Subordinate to men: Male dominated society• Just that her being women : De motivated• Non-awareness of facilities provided by

government• Competition with large scale units• Problems related to marketing

PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

• Financial Problems• Credit Facilities• Problem of Middlemen• Lack of Access to technology• Lack of self-confidence• Lack of training• Credit Facilities

SUGGESTIONS FOR GROWTH OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR

• Change in Attitude• Training• Increase in mobility• Initiate them to Professionalism• Provision of various amenities• Inculcating marketing skills• Self recognition and growth