WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2018 - World...
Transcript of WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2018 - World...
WOMEN,BUSINESS ANDTHE LAW 2018
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Paula Tavares & Tanya Primiani
Malabo, Guinea Ecuatorial
November X, 2018
THE LAW IS A
STRAIGHT LINE
FOR MEN, BUT
FOR WOMEN
IT’S A MAZE
MEASURING GENDER EQUALITY IN THE LAW
FOR 10 YEARS
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
In its fifth edition, Women, Business and the Law 2018 expands
its analysis to 189 economies
THE SEVEN WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDICATORS
For the first time, each economy is assigned a score at the
indicator level, ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best)
Accessing
institutions
Getting
a job
Providing
Incentives to work
Protecting women
from violence
Using property Going to court Building credit
WOMEN’S ECONOMIC INCLUSION PROMOTES
GROWTH & BOOSTS SHARED PROSPERITY
$28 trillion
can be added to
global growth by
advancing
women’s equality
Spending on early education &
childcare can increase women’s
labor force participation and
reduce gender gaps
The gender asset gap can
undermine women’s bargaining
power & capacity to engage in
economic activities
WOMEN’S ECONOMIC RIGHTS & HUMAN
RIGHTS ARE TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN
Equality in all matters relating to marriage
and family relations, including the right to
choose a profession and an occupation
(Art. 16)
Can a woman legally get a job or
pursue a trade or profession in
the same way as a man?
CEDAW
Freedom from discrimination in the field of
employment; Right to work; Free choice
of profession and employment (Art. 11)Are women able to work in the
same industries as men?
SCORED QUESTIONS
Does the law prohibit
discrimination based on gender
in access to credit?
Freedom from discrimination in economic
life and access to bank loans, mortgages
and other forms of financial credit on
equal basis with men (Art. 13)
1 IN 3 ECONOMIES RESTRICT WOMEN’S FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT OR AGENCY
ACTIONS THAT WOMEN CANNOT LEGALLY
PERFORM IN THE SAME WAY AS MEN IN SSA
1
1
3
5
12
16
Register a business
Travel outside of the home
Open a bank account
Apply for a national IDcard
Apply for a passport
Be head of household
Benin; Cameroon;
Congo, Rep.; Mauritius;
Namibia
Chad; Guinea-
Bissau; Niger
Sudan
Guinea-
Bissau
Burundi; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo, Dem. Rep.;
Congo, Rep.; Gabon; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau Libya; Madagascar; Mali; Mauritania;
Niger; Senegal; Sudan;
Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Congo, Rep.; Gabon; Malawi;
Mali; Nigeria; Seychelles; Sudan; Uganda; Zambia
9SUB-SAHARAN
AFRICAECONOMIES
REQUIRE WOMEN TO GET THEIR
HUSBANDS’ PERMISSION TO
WORK
24%
17%
Accessing institutions score 100(110 economies)
Accessing institutions score < 100(62 economies)
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)
WHERE LAWS LIMIT WOMEN’S DECISION-MAKING
ABILITIES, THERE ARE LESS WOMEN LEADERS
31 ECONOMIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CONSTRAIN WOMEN’S PROPERTY RIGHTS
9 SUB- SAHARAN AFRICAN ECONOMIES PREVENT DAUGHTERS FROM INHERITING THE SAME PROPORTION OF
ASSETS AS SONS
WOMEN ARE LESS LIKELY TO HOLD LEADERSHIP
POSITIONS IN BUSINESS WHEN THEY LACK
PROPERTY RIGHTS
21%
14%
Using property score 100(74 economies)
Using property score < 100(47 economies)
Firms with a female top manager (%)
24 ECONOMIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BAR WOMEN FROM HAVING THEIR CHOICE
OF JOBS
GENDER EQUALITY IN LABOR LAW IS ASSOCIATED
WITH MORE WOMEN WORKING & EARNING MORE
RELATIVE TO MEN
Getting a job score Getting a job score
La
bo
r fo
rce
pa
rtic
ipa
tio
n r
ate
, fe
ma
le-t
o-m
ale
ra
tio
Estim
ate
d e
arn
ed inco
me
, fe
ma
le-t
o-m
ale
ratio
NONDISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT CAN ENCOURAGE THE
ENTRY OF WOMEN INTO THE WORKFORCE
13 ECONOMIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DO NOT
LEGALLY PROHIBIT SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORK
WHERE SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS PROHIBITED,
THERE ARE MORE WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
68%
31%
Yes No
Is there legislation addressing sexual harassment in employment?
Firms with majority female ownership (%)
19 ECONOMIES IN SSA DO NOT HAVE
LAWS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Domestic violence
legislation is a key
first step towards
ensuring women’s
protection
Worldwide nearly
1 in 3 women have
experienced physical
or sexual violence
from an intimate
partnerWHO 2013
In Economies where there is a
high prevalence of violence
against women,
women are less likely to have
formal accounts, savings or
credit
EVERY 2
SECONDS
A GIRL
BECOMES
A CHILD
BRIDEPlan International
UNEQUAL TREATMENT IN COURT CAN UNDERMINE
WOMEN’S LEGAL CAPACITY
23 COUNTRIES DO NOT HAVE ANTI-DISCRIMINATION
COMMISSIONS
COST AND AVAILABILITY OF CARE
FOR YOUNG CHILDREN CAN AFFECT
WHETHER A MOTHER WORKS
OUTSIDE THE HOME
21ECONOMIES
MADE 33 REFORMSTOWARD
GREATER GENDER
EQUALITY
Economies with Reforms
OVERALL, SSA HAS THE SECOND HIGHEST
PERCENTAGE OF REFORMING ECONOMIES
50%
45% 44%
40%
30%
25%
16%
South Asia Sub-SaharanAfrica
Europe &Central Asia
East Asia &Pacific
Middle East &North Africa
Latin America& Caribbean
OECD highincome
Pe
rcen
tage
of
eco
no
mie
s
GENDER
QUOTAS IN
POLITICS &
BUSINESS
12ECONOMIES
HAVE QUOTAS FOR WOMEN IN
NATIONAL PARLIAMENT
NO ECONOMY IN SSA HAVE QUOTAS FOR WOMEN ON
CORPORATE BOARDS
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