WJH FAA Technical CenterJohn W. ReinhardtFire Safety Section, AAR-422 Atlantic City Int’l Airport, New Jersey 08405

• BULK LOAD TESTS•Halon 1301•HFC-125•Water Mist

• CONTAINERIZED TESTS •Halon 1301•Water Mist

• SURFACE BURN TESTS•Halon 1301•Water Mist DC-10 Aft Section

• AEROSOL CAN SIMULATION EXPLOSIONS

•Halon 1301•HFC-125

• BULK LOAD TESTS WITH AEROSOL CANS

•Water Mist

• FIRE TEST ANIMATION VIDEO•Halon 1301•HFC-125•Water Mist

MPS

TEST ARTICLE

The fire tests are to be conducted inside a simulated below floor cargo compartment of a wide-body aircraft

Cargo Compartment = 2000 ft3

Leak Rate = 50 CFM

Instrumented with thermocouples, gas analyzers, and pressure transducers

MPS

Bulk Load Fires Containerized Fires

Flammable Liquid Fires Aerosol Can Explosion Simulation

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For Bulk Load, Containerized, Flammable Liquid Tests Only

FIRE SCENARIO MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MAXIMUM COMMENTSTEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE-TIME PRESSURE

(oF) AREA (oF-min) (psi)

Bulk Fire Load 730 11,900 N/A

Temperature limit starting 30 seconds after suppression system activation. Temp-Time area for 30 minutes starting with suppression system activation.

Containerized Fire Load 670 15,400 N/A

Temperature limit starting 30 seconds after suppression system activation. Calculate Temp-Time area for 30 minutes starting with suppression system activation.

Surface Burning Fire 1250 3,270 N/A

Temperature limit starting 30 seconds after suppression system activation. Temp-Time area for 5 minutes starting with suppression system activation.

Exploding Aerosol Can Fire N/A N/A 0 There shall be no explosion

Fire Load = 178 card board boxes (30% of Vol.) containing 2.5 lbs of shredded paper

Ignition = nichrome wire wrapped around folded paper towels

System Activation = 1 min. after one of the ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF

Test Duration = Five tests @ 30 minutes each

MPS

Ig n ite d B o x

1 7 8 C a rd b o a rd B o x e s

Fire Load = 33 card board boxes inside an LD3. 3 LD3 in Compartment

Ignition = nichrome wire wrapped around folded paper towels

System Activation = 1 min. after one of the ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF

Test Duration = Five tests @ 30 minutes each

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C a rd b o a rd b o xe s

Fire Load = 0.5 U.S. Gallon of Jet A fuel (with 13 oz of gasoline)

Ignition = Arc created by two spark plugs

System Activation = 1 min. after one of the ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF

Test Duration = 5 minutes

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Fire Load = 0.2 lb. Propane, 0.6 lb. ofDenatured Alcohol, 0.2 lb of water

Ignition = Arc created by two spark plugs (230 W)

Simulator Activation = When the agent, at 2 feet from the floor, is at the minimum volumetric design concentration

Test Duration = 15 seconds after the activation of the simulator

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AGENT TEST MAXIMUM CEILING MAXIMUM SIDEWALL AVG AGENT AT MAX MAXIMUM AREA COMMENTSID TEMPERATURE* TEMPERATURE CEILING TEMP TIME-TEMPERATURE

No Agent 091594T1 1233 oF (667 oC) 1088 oF (587 oC) 0.0% 17404 oF-Min (9651 oC-Min) No Agent UsedHalon 1301 81198T1 511 oF (266 oC) 230 oF (110 oC) 6.0% 8646 oF-Min (4785 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 81298T1 431 oF (222 oC) 276 oF (136 oC) 2.8% 9511 oF-Min (5266 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 81398T2 450 oF (232 oC) 267 oF (130 oC) 5.5% 9953 oF-Min (5512 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 81498T1 410 oF (210 oC) 269 oF (132 oC) 5.9% 9928 oF-Min (5498 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 81998T1 665 oF (352 oC) 286 oF (141 oC) 5.5% 10839 oF-Min (6004 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 82198T3 470 oF (243 oC) 250 oF (121 oC) 6.6% 9518 oF-Min (5270 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. Used

HFC-125 041598T2 1655 oF (902 oC) 1447 oF (786 oC) 9.0% Not an MPS Test Re-ignition above MDCHFC-125 040800T2 1538 oF (837 oC) 1506 oF (819 oC) 8.0% 6110 oF-Min (3376 oC-Min) Re-ignition below MDCHFC-125 091900T1 1889 oF (1032 oC) 1081 oF (583 oC) 10.1% 12360 oF-Min (6849 oC-Min) Re-ignition above MDCHFC-125 092000T1 1765 oF (963 oC) 1238 oF (670 oC) 11.2% 11147 oF-Min (6175 oC-Min) Re-ignition above MDCHFC-125 092900T1 548 oF (287 oC) 519 oF (271 oC) Agent Discharging 6199 oF-Min (3425 oC-Min) 325 lbs. Used (Inert Conc.)HFC-125 110800T1 256 oF (124 oC) 200 oF (93 oC) 14.8% 5803 oF-Min (3206 oC-Min) 431 lbs. Used (Inert Conc.)

Water Mist 110598T2 141 oF (61 oC) 285 oF (141 oC) - 3391 oF-Min (1866 oC-Min) 79.6 gallons used (660 lbs)Water Mist 110698T1 1039 oF (559 oC) 325 oF (163 oC) - 6148 oF-Min (3398 oC-Min) 11.2 gallons used (93 lbs)

Acceptance Criteria 730 oF (388 oC) 730 oF (388 oC) 11,900 oF-Min (6593 oC-Min)

RESULTS

RESULTSAGENT TEST MAXIMUM CEILING MAXIMUM SIDEWALL AVG AGENT AT MAX MAXIMUM AREA COMMENTS

ID TEMPERATURE* TEMPERATURE CEILING TEMP TIME-TEMPERATURENo Agent 110998T1 813 oF (434 oC) 384 oF (196 oC) 0.0% 21694 oF-Min (12035 oC-Min) No Agent Used

Halon 1301 082898T1 607 oF (320 oC) 265 oF (129 oC) 3.7% 14011 oF-Min (7766 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 083198T1 577 oF (303 oC) 287 oF (141 oC) 3.5% 13565 oF-Min (7518 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 090198T1 606 oF (319 oC) 243 oF (117 oC) 3.2% 13793 oF-Min (7645 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 090298T1 520 oF (271 oC) 282 oF (139 oC) 3.6% 12680 oF-Min (7027 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 090498T1 498 oF (259 oC) 280 oF (138 oC) 3.2% 11717 oF-Min (6492 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedWater Mist 110598T1 468 oF (242 oC) 140 oF (60 oC) - 8807 oF-Min (4875 oC-Min) 80 gallons used (660 lbs)Water Mist 080999T1 1051oF (566 oC) 764 oF (407 oC) - 5902 oF-Min (3261 oC-Min) 49 gallons used (408 lbs)Water Mist 042400T1 342 oF (172 oC) 376 oF (191 oC) - 8165 oF-Min (4518 oC-Min) 13 gallons used (108 lbs)Water Mist 042500T1 581 oF (305 oC) 259 oF (126 oC) - 9497 oF-Min 5258 oC-Min) 30 gallons used (249 lbs)Water Mist 042600T1 555 oF (291 oC) 345 oF (174 oC) - 7474 oF-Min (4134 oC-Min) 24 gallons used (199 lbs)

Acceptance Criteria 670 oF (354 oC) 670 oF (354 oC) 15,400 oF-Min (8538 oC-Min)

RESULTS

AGENT TEST MAXIMUM CEILING MAXIMUM SIDEWALL AVG AGENT AT MAX MAXIMUM AREA COMMENTSID TEMPERATURE* TEMPERATURE CEILING TEMP TIME-TEMPERATURE

No Agent 111999T4 1340 oF (727 oC) 221 oF (105 oC) 0.0% 5822 oF-Min (3217 oC-Min) No Agent UsedHalon 1301 111899T3 1138 oF (614 oC) 106 oF (41 oC) 3.0% 2952 oF-Min (1622 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 111899T4 1051 oF (566 oC) 117 oF (47 oC) 3.1% 2900 oF-Min (1593 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 111999T1 1111 oF (600 oC) 115 oF (46 oC) 3.8% 2973 oF-Min (1634 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 111999T2 1038 oF (559 oC) 115 oF (46 oC) 4.3% 2817 oF-Min (1547 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedHalon 1301 111999T3 1078 oF (581 oC) 119 oF (48 oC) 5.0% 2835 oF-Min (1557 oC-Min) ~80 lbs. UsedWater Mist 080699T1 1140 oF (616 oC) 165 oF (74 oC) - - N/AWater Mist 080999T2 364 oF (184 oC) 201 oF (94 oC) - 928 oF-Min (498 oC-Min) N/A

Acceptance Criteria 1250 oF (677 oC) 1250 oF (677 oC) 3270 oF-Min (1799 oC-Min)

RESULTSAGENT TEST MAXIMUM CARGO AGENT COMMENTS

ID PRESSURE (PSIG) CONCENTRATIONNo Agent Multiple ~5 0% Average

Halon 1301 122199T1 <0.05 3.15% Simulator UsedHalon 1301 122199T3 <0.05 3.11% Simulator UsedHalon 1301 122299T1 <0.05 3.10% Simulator UsedHalon 1301 122299T2 <0.05 3.14% Simulator UsedHalon 1301 122299T3 <0.05 3.07% Simulator Used

HFC-125 100300T1 <0.05 11.11% Simulator UsedHFC-125 100400T1 <0.05 12.70% Simulator UsedHFC-125 100400T3 <0.05 15.30% Simulator Used

Water Mist 042700T2 <0.05 30.6 Gallons (254 lbs)

Hair spray cans used during MPS Bulk Load Test. One can rupture, but hydrocarbon did not explode.

Water Mist 050300T1 <0.05 24.5 Gallons (203 lbs)

Hair spray cans used during MPS Bulk Load Test. One can rupture, but hydrocarbon did not explode.

Acceptance Criteria No Explosion

The fire protection performance of Halon 1301 was used to define the MPS Acceptance Criteria (by adding 10%)

HFC-125 was not effective in suppressing the MPS Bulk-Load Scenario at its Minimum Design Concentration. The Inert Concentration had to be used to meet MPS Acceptance Criteria. The weight penalty is equivalent to 4 or 5 times the weight of Halon 1301.

Water Mist/Nitrogen System was effective in controlling three out of the four MPS fire test scenario. Additional testing is required to determine the optimal control logic sequence in order to meet the MPS Acceptance Criteria and preserve water. The weight penalty factor is 2 to 3 times greater than halon.