With contributions from:Jens Redemann, John Livingston,

Yohei Shinozuka, Steve Howell, Cam McNaughton, Eike Bierwirth,

Sebastian Schmidt, Ralph Kahn, Charles Gatebe, Alexei Lyapustin, Thanos Nenes, Terry Lathem, Rich

Ferrare, Chris Hostetler, Ed Eloranta, Norm O’Neill, Omar Torres, Pepijn Veefkind, Ben Veihelmann …

ARCTAS P-3B Overview: Goals, Payload, Flights, and Example Results

ARCTASScience Team Meeting

27-30 Jan 2009Virginia Beach, VA

Phil Russell and Tony ClarkeP-3B Platform Scientists

P-3B in ARCTAS

Overall GoalOverall GoalMeasurements and analyses to address ARCTAS scienceMeasurements and analyses to address ARCTAS science- Theme 3:Theme 3: Aerosol Radiative ForcingAerosol Radiative Forcing

including indirect aerosol forcing via cloudsincluding indirect aerosol forcing via clouds- Theme 2: Boreal Forest FiresTheme 2: Boreal Forest Fires

while also contributing to ARCTAS’swhile also contributing to ARCTAS’s

-Theme 1: Long-Range Transport of Pollution to the Arctic Theme 1: Long-Range Transport of Pollution to the Arctic -Theme 4: Chemical ProcessesTheme 4: Chemical Processes

P-3B in ARCTAS

Science objectives (long list) requiredScience objectives (long list) required::- Measuring- Measuring

-- Aerosol chemical, physical & optical properties-- Aerosol chemical, physical & optical properties-- Aerosol radiative effects-- Aerosol radiative effects-- Arctic surface albedo & bidirectional reflectance-- Arctic surface albedo & bidirectional reflectance-- ++-- ++

- Testing, interpreting, & extending satellite retrievalsTesting, interpreting, & extending satellite retrievals- Testing & refining chemical transport models (CTMs)Testing & refining chemical transport models (CTMs)

ApproachApproach

Fly a Fly a balanced suitebalanced suite of of radiometricradiometric & & in situ in situ instruments on a instruments on a single platformsingle platform. This enabled:. This enabled:- All the aboveAll the above- Climate forcing assessment in terms of emissions and/or mitigation Climate forcing assessment in terms of emissions and/or mitigation strategiesstrategies

P-3B in ARCTAS: PayloadAmes Airborne Tracking

Sunphotometer (AATS-14)

Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR)

Broad-Band Radiometers (BBR)

LW SW

HiGEAR Aerosols & O3

OPC & DMA dry size dist, volatility Tandem Volatility DMA Neph scat + PSAP abs Humidified Neph f(RH) Ultrafine & CN Time of Flight Mass Spec size resolved chemistry SP2 black carbon mass

AERO3X Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR)

P-3 Data System (PDS): Nav, Flight, Met (P, T, RH, …) REVEAL & RTMM

AOD Ext H2O vapor

Cavity Ringdown ext (2) Reciprocal Neph sca (2, RH ) Radiance, BRDF

Flux↑,↓(), albedo()

Flux↑,↓, albedo

Nenes CCN PVM cloud drop reff, vol

TECO O3

COBALT: CO

AOD, 0Z,7/8ARCTAS Spring P-3 Tracks,

31 Mar-10 Apr 2008

Fair-banks

WallopsMoffett

Yellowknife

ThuleBarrow

8 flights (61 hrs)

AOD, 0Z,7/8ARCTAS Summer P-3 Tracks, 24 Jun-12 Jul 2008

See Clarke et al. See Clarke et al.

CARB flight posterCARB flight poster

Also Nenes talkAlso Nenes talk

and/or Lathem posterand/or Lathem poster

Wallops

Cold Lake

LA

SF

14 flights (87 hrs)

P-3 Science/Transit Flights in ARCTAS Spring

Data Flt

No.

Date,

2008

Track Comments

3 31

Mar

Wallops-Yellowknife

CO structure at several altitudes over & S of Great Lakes. Arctic haze aerosols, incl dust.

4 1

Apr

Yellowknife-Fairbanks

CO & aerosol plume as predicted by models. Spiral & legs under CALIPSO, OMI track.

5 6

Apr

Fairbanks-Barrow-Fairbanks

Spiral & legs under B-200 & CALIPSO, OMI. Square spiral & radiation legs. Albedo, BRDF at Elson Lagoon w AERONET.

6 8

Apr

Fairbanks-Thule DC-8 comparison in stairsteps. Spiral over Eureka under CALIPSO, OMI w AERONET. Albedo, BRDF.

http://www.espo.nasa.gov/arctas/flightDocs.php

Presentations showing P-3B ARCTAS results

• 2Bierwirth et al., Spectral surface albedo and aerosol forcing during ARCTAS - Implications of surface heterogeneity and SSFR measurement uncertainty

• 2Clarke et al., Combustion aerosol in the Arctic: models, size-resolved microphysics, chemistry, and relationships to CCN variability

• 2Clarke et al., California Coastal Aerosol during ARCTAS-CARB:Ships, Wildfires and Background Air

• 2Ferrare et al., HSRL measurements of smoke during ARCTAS

• 2Gatebe et al., Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties over snow

• 2Howell et al., Arctic aerosol chemistry and spectral optical characteristics: mixtures of major ions with black, brown and organic carbon

• 2Kahn et al.: ARCTAS Snow Albedo Experiment

• 2Lathem et al.: Closure and growth kinetics of ARCTAS CCN measurements

1EOS Aura 2008 Science Team meeting, Columbia, MD, 27-30 Oct 2008 2ARCTAS Science Team Meeting, Virginia Beach, 27-30 Jan 2009

Cont’d

• 2Lyapustin et al.: Snow anisotropy from CAR: Analysis of LSRT, MRPV, and AART BRF models

• 2Nenes et al., CCN measurements during ARCTAS

• 1Livingston et al., Comparison of Airborne Sunphotometer and OMI Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Depth during MILAGRO/INTEX-B and ARCTAS

• 2Podolske et al., CO measurements from the P3-B during ARCTAS

• 2Redemann et al., Airborne sunphotometer (AATS-14) measurements in ARCTAS - first insights into their combined use with satellite observations to study Arctic aerosol radiative effects

• 2Shinozuka et al., Aerosol optical properties measured from aircraft, satellites and the ground during ARCTAS summer - their relationship to aerosol chemistry and smoke type

1EOS Aura 2008 Science Team meeting, Columbia, MD, 27-30 Oct 2008 2ARCTAS Science Team Meeting, Virginia Beach, 27-30 Jan 2009

1EOS Aura 2008 Science Team meeting; October 27-30, 2008; Columbia , MD2ARCTAS Science Team Meeting, Virginia Beach, 27-30 Jan 2009

Presentations showing P-3B ARCTAS results (cont’d)

Example Science Results- 2 Spring Flights

- 2 Summer Flights

(See also other talks & posters)

P-3B in ARCTAS

P-3 Science/Transit Flights in ARCTAS Spring (cont’d)

Data Flt

No.

Date,

2008

Track Comments

7 9 Apr Thule-Fairbanks Square spiral on CALIPSO, OMI track. BRDF & albedo, ice & cloud. AOD gradient & stack. CO & aerosol structure in predicted plume.

8 13 Apr

Fairbanks-North-Fairbanks

Cloud albedo & BRDF. In situ aerosol & CO in Asian transport episode to test models.

9 15 Apr

Fairbanks-Barrow-Fairbanks

Comparison & radiation stack w NOAA P-3 under B-200. Cascade impactor. Albedo, BRDF at Elson Lagoon with surface-based meas & AERONET. Zero ozone over open leads. 6 special albedo sites. Radiation leg on CALIPSO, OMI track.

10 19 Apr

Fairbanks-Moffett over Pacific

DC-8 comparison on CALIPSO, OMI track. Steps in DC-8 lidar curtain. Square spiral during CALIPSO, OMI OP. Aerosol gradients predicted by models.

AOD, 0Z,7/8P3 Data Flight #9, 15 Apr 2008Accomplishments:1. Comparison w NOAA WP-3D under

B-200 2. Radiation stack with NOAA WP-3D

under B-200 (with sufficient AOD & no hi/mid clouds)

3. Cascade impactor sample during 1, 2 for Raman & SEM analysis

4. Radiation leg along CALIPSO track (before overpass)

5. Albedo & BRDF measurements at Elson Lagoon over surface-based albedo & snow collection measurements

6. Zero ozone over open leads N & W of Elson Lagoon (2x)

7. Overflights of special albedo sites F1, B3, G4(x2), B4, F4, L1 (with variety of cloud conditions)

8. Extra radiation legs along return to Fairbanks

1,2,31,2,3

88

5566

44

77

Elson Lagoon

Albedo sites

CALIPSO track

P-3B-200

WP-3D Fairbanks

Solar Spectral Flux Radiometers (SSFRs) on NASA & NOAA P-3s under B-200

Wing tip by wing tip comparison NOAA and NASA P-3 SSFR on three flight legs

NASA P-3 below layer, NOAA P-3 above

Wing by wing above layer

Wing by wing in layer

downward

upwardFlying over snow patches / tundra – this will be an excellent case to study surface albedo heterogeneity.

See Bierwirth Talk

Bierwirth, Schmidt, Pilewskie, Gore, …

Irra

dia

nc

e [W

m-2 n

m-1]

UTC [h]

Barrow 15 April 22:30 UTCBarrow 15 April 22:30 UTCMISR Path 079 Orbit 44293 Blocks 32-38; Lat 71.3˚ Lon -156.7; SZA 61.1˚

4/15 23:00 UTC

4/15 23:52 UTC

P-3 Flight Path

Barrow AERONET Site

Ground Measurements

See Kahn Talk

See Gatebe talk & Lyapustin poster re snow anisotropy retrieved from CAR measurements

on P-3 at Elson Lagoon near Barrow

Elson Lagoon

Special AlbedoSites

Zero ozone over open leads X2

Surface albedo spectra from SSFR on NASA P-3See Bierwirth Talk

Bierwirth, Schmidt, Pilewskie, Gore, …

G – Coastal Plain sites; elevation ~10mG – Coastal Plain sites; elevation ~10mB – Tundra with many lakes; elevation ~25m B – Tundra with many lakes; elevation ~25m F – Dissected Plateau; elevation ~160mF – Dissected Plateau; elevation ~160mL – Mountainous; elevation ~1.5 km, very variable L – Mountainous; elevation ~1.5 km, very variable

Alb

edo

Wavelength [nm]

15 Apr 2008

P-3 Science/Transit Flights in ARCTAS Spring

Data Flt

No.

Date,

2008

Track Comments

3 31

Mar

Wallops-Yellowknife

CO structure at several altitudes over & S of Great Lakes. Arctic haze aerosols, incl dust.

4 1

Apr

Yellowknife-Fairbanks

CO & aerosol plume as predicted by models. Spiral & legs under CALIPSO, OMI track.

5 6

Apr

Fairbanks-Barrow-Fairbanks

Spiral & legs under B-200 & CALIPSO, OMI. Square spiral & radiation legs. Albedo, BRDF at Elson Lagoon w AERONET.

6 8

Apr

Fairbanks-Thule DC-8 comparison in stairsteps. Spiral over Eureka lidar & AERONET under CALIPSO, OMI. Albedo, BRDF.

http://www.espo.nasa.gov/arctas/flightDocs.php

Aerosol Mass Spectrometer reveals different mix of aerosol chemistry for Asian and North American Pollution

STEM model AOD - Carmichael

Asian

N. America

P3b-DC8Intercomp

EurekaCalipsoSpiral

CARBRDFCircles

Antony Clarke Steve Howell Cam McNaughton Steffen Freitag

P3b Fairbanks –Thule Flight6 4/8/08Airmass chemistry-optics, DC-8 comparison, Calipso,

BRDF surface- albedo and model validation

Preliminary AMS data

Nenes, Lathem re CCNPodolske re COSee Howell Talk

4/8 17:00 UTC

4/8 18:00 UTC

4/8 16:28 UTC

4/8 17:24 UTC

0

0.1

0.2

99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.9 100

fine mode OD coarse mode OD total OD

PEARL CIMEL

Ed Eloranta'sAHSRL profiles(532 nm)

[m

-1 s

r-1] light cloud

April 8, 2008(500 nm)

E. Eloranta

N. O’Neill

See Kahn Talk

Pearl 08 April 20:41 UTCPearl 08 April 20:41 UTCMISR Path 062 Orbit 44190 Block 22;

Lat 80.05˚ Lon -86.42; SZA 75.2˚

Pearl AERONET Site

P-3 Flight Path

Eureka

PRELIMINARY

Profile over the PEARL lab AERONET site in Eureka

Shinozuka, Redemann, Clarke, O’Neill, …

See Shinozuka Talk

P-3 Science/Transit Flights in ARCTAS Summer (cont’d)

Data Flt

No.

Date,

2008

Track Comments

17 30 Jun

Cold Lake-NE-Cold Lake

CALIPSO, OMI underflight w AOD & in situ. Black & white smoke. In situ & radiation under B-200. BRDF over smoke pall. Asian pollution w dust as predicted by models.

18 2 Jul Cold Lake-NE & E-Cold Lake

Radiation work under B-200. Aerosol evolution in downwind transport. Pyrocumulus.

19 3 Jul Cold Lake-Ft. McMurray-Reindeer Lake-Cold Lake

Ft McMurray AERONET spiral in regional biomass haze. MODIS-MISR-MOPITT spiral. B-200 + CALIPSO, OMI spiral. Radiation stack. Forest BRDF. Fresh smoke sampling + downwind evolution. Radiation-AOD-in situ ramp.

220

km

PRELIMINARY

ARCTAS P-3 Data Flight #19, 3 Jul 2008Characterized physics, chemistry and optics of local and long-distance

plume in Terra MISR & MODIS footprints

AATS- AOD profile HiGEAR- in situ scattering

Typical P-3 maneuvers in ARCTAS

low absorption layer

high absorption layer

Bierwirth, Schmidt, Redemann, Livingston, …

See Bierwirth

Talk

499 nm Slope is aerosol radiative forcing

efficiency

Aerosol Radiative Forcing Efficiencyby combining

SSFR Irradiance with AATS Aerosol Optical Thickness

3 Jul 2008

Aerosol Optical Thickness

Ne

t Ir

rad

ian

ce

[W

m-2 n

m-1]

P-3 Science/Transit Flights in ARCTAS Summer (cont’d)

Data Flt

No.

Date,

2008

Track Comments

20 6 Jul Cold Lake-Great Slave-Athabaska-Cold Lake

Radiation profiles & legs under Terra. BRDF of blue & muddy water. Cloud edges under B-200. Dense smoke spirals under B-200. Radiation stacks. CAR in cloud. PyroCu outflow.

21 7 Jul Cold Lake-British Columbia-Cold Lake

Radiative forcing efficiency of Asian/Siberian plume. Aerosol effects on MODIS-Terra cloud sensing. Tests of model aerosol, CO, & O3 predictions. Radiation stacks. CAR circles over AERONET. In situ-AATS-AERONET spiral.

22 9 Jul Cold Lake-Reindeer Lake-Athabaska-Cold Lake

Spirals & radiation legs under Terra-MISR. Radiation legs + stacks in fire plumes under B-200 + CALIPSO, OMI, MODIS. Black & white smoke.

Turnaround Point

NRL COAMPS PREDICTED SMOKE FROM ATHABASKA FIRES (courtesy Jeff Reid)

GEOS5 - Weak Siberia biomass burning plume between 1-6 km in central Canada, Courtesy Mian Chin - Similar features in some other models.

18 Z 9 Jul 2008

P-3BB200

CALIPSO Track

Extinction

Smoke layer

Optical Thickness

HSRL/AATS-14 Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) Comparison

• Comparison of AOT derived from HSRL (B200) and derived from AATS-14 Airborne Sun Photometer (P-3B) while P-3B spiraled up below B200 (AATS14 data courtesy of Jens Redemann)

• Large variability in AOT associated with smoke plume

Preliminary

See Ferrare Talk

HSRL/CALIPSO/AATS/In situ Aerosol Comparison

Extinction

Smoke layer

Good agreement in and above the smoke! CALIPSO slightly lower

Ferrare, Hostetler, Winker, Redemann, Clarke et al.

Preliminary

See Ferrare Talk

MODIS

OMI

CALIPSO

Comparison of AATS, OMI, and MODIS AOD spectra

Preliminary

J. Redemann, J. Livingston, Torres, Veihelmann, Veefkind

See RedemannTalk

AOD, 0Z,7/8ARCTAS P-3B Summary & Future1. 8 flights (61 hrs) in Spring,

14 flights (87 hrs) in Summer. Highly successful.

2. The rich data set links air, surface, & space measurements and addresses all P-3B goals - linking variations in atmospheric radiation to microphysics and chemistry of haze & smoke aerosols + Arctic surfaces. Needed for

--reliable interpretations of satellite inversions --refining model products --assessing climate forcing in terms of emissions and/or

mitigation strategies.

3. See other talks & posters

4. ARCTAS Special Sessions: AGU Fall 2009

Special thanks to the P-3B staff for excellent preparation, maintenance, & flying

AOD, 0Z,7/8

END OF PRESENTATION

REMAINING SLIDES ARE BACKUP

P-3B in ARCTAS

ApproachApproach

Use a Use a common platformcommon platform to link variations in to link variations in atmospheric radiationatmospheric radiation to to microphysics and chemistrymicrophysics and chemistry of aerosol + of aerosol + Arctic surfaces Arctic surfaces

Such linked measurements are needed for:Such linked measurements are needed for:- Reliable interpretations of satellite inversionsReliable interpretations of satellite inversions- Refining model products  Refining model products  - Climate forcing assessment in terms of emissions and/or Climate forcing assessment in terms of emissions and/or mitigation strategiesmitigation strategies

Pearl 08 April 19:03 UTCPearl 08 April 19:03 UTCMISR Path 046 Orbit 44189 Block 25; Lat 80.05˚ Lon -86.42; SZA 73.0˚

4/8 17:00 UTC

4/8 18:00 UTC

4/8 16:28 UTC

4/8 17:24 UTC

Pearl 08 April 20:41 UTCPearl 08 April 20:41 UTCMISR Path 062 Orbit 44190 Block 22; Lat 80.05˚ Lon -86.42; SZA 75.2˚

4/8 17:00 UTC 4/8 18:00 UTC

4/8 16:28 UTC4/8 17:24 UTC

Pearl AERONET SiteP-3 Flight Path

Eureka

See Kahn Talk

4/8 17:00 UTC

4/8 18:00 UTC

4/8 16:28 UTC

4/8 17:24 UTC

Pearl 08 April 20:41 UTCPearl 08 April 20:41 UTCMISR Path 062 Orbit 44190 Block 22; Lat 80.05˚ Lon -86.42; SZA 75.2˚

Eureka

See Kahn Talk

0

0.1

0.2

99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.9 100

fine mode OD coarse mode OD total OD

P-3 Flight Path

0

0.1

0.2

99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.9 100

fine mode OD coarse mode OD total OD

PEARL CIMEL

Ed Eloranta'sAHSRL profiles(532 nm)

[m

-1 s

r-1]

[%

]

light cloud

April 8, 2008

Arctic hazeskullduggery?

(500 nm)

E. Eloranta

N. O’Neill