WISE properties of planetary nebulae from the DSH catalogueThe Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer...
Transcript of WISE properties of planetary nebulae from the DSH catalogueThe Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer...
WISE properties of planetary nebulaefrom the DSH catalogue
M. Kronberger1,*, G. H. Jacoby2, D. Harmer3, D. Patchick1
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, Mexico
1 Deep Sky Hunters Collaboration
2 GMTO Corporation, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101
3 NOAO, 950 N Cherry Ave, PO Box 26732, Tucson AZ 85726-6732
* email: [email protected]
Outline
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
1. Introduction
2. WISE and planetary nebulae
3. WISE properties of DSH planetary nebulae
4. WISE as a tool of discovering new PNe
5. Special cases
6. Summary & Conclusions
The Deep Sky Hunters:
A group of (mostly) amateur astronomers hunting for unknown Deep Sky objects usingvarious resources (DSS, SDSS, WISE, 2MASS, VIZIER, ….)
• Foundation date: June 2003
• Number of members: 370
• Communication: via yahoo newsgroup (http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/deepskyhunters/info)
• Emphasis: Initially on open clusters and other stellar aggregates …..
1. Introduction
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
UKIDSS
UKIDSS
UKIDSS
UKIDSS2MASS
Sup
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osm
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Sky
Surv
eys
Sup
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osm
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Sky
Surv
eys
Sup
erC
osm
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Sky
Surv
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UKIDSS
UKIDSS
UKIDSS
UKIDSS
DSS
DSS
DSS
2MASS
The Deep Sky Hunters
• A group of (mostly) amateur astronomers hunting for unknown Deep Sky objects usingvarious resources (DSS, SDSS, WISE, 2MASS, VIZIER, ….)
• Foundation date: June 2003
• Number of members: 370
• Communication: via yahoo newsgroup (http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/deepskyhunters/info)
• Emphasis: Initially on open clusters and other stellar aggregates …..
1. Introduction
UKIDSS
UKIDSS
UKIDSS
UKIDSS2MASS
Sup
erC
osm
os
Sky
Surv
eys
Sup
erC
osm
os
Sky
Surv
eys
Sup
erC
osm
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Sky
Surv
eys
… However, something new came up in Oct 2003!
10″WIYN 3.5-m
Pa 1
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Digitized Sky Survey
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
1. Introduction
Look out for PN-like objects
DSS-II B DSS-II R DSS-II NIR
Sup
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osm
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Sky
Surv
eys
+ +
• publicly available Sky Surveys (mostly DSS)
• amateur [S II]-Hα-[O III] imagery
1
Contact Astronomers3
Get narrowband images
WIYN 3.5-mKPNO 2.1-mKPNO 4-mSPM 0.84-mOHP 1.2-m…WIYN 3.5-mHα
4
WIYN 3.5-mSAAO 1.9-mSPM 2.1-mOHP 1.2-m
WIYN 3.5-m
Validate candidates spectroscopically5
Check Databases2
The DSH PN candidate validation queue
CGPN 1
MASH-I 2 + MASH-II 3
IPHAS 4
DSH, true PNe 5-7
DSH, likely PNe 5,6,8
DSH, possible PNe
1. Introduction
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Distribution of DSH PNe and candidates in the sky
1 L. Kohoutek, A&A 378, 843 (2000)2 Q. A. Parker et al., MNRAS 373, 79 (2006)3 B. Miszalski et al., MNRAS 384, 525 (2008)4 L. Sabin, this contribution
5 G. Jacoby et al., PASA 27, 156 (2010)6 M. Kronberger et al., IAUS 283, 414 (2012)7 D. Frew et al., in preparation8 M. Kronberger et al., poster B03, this contribution
0
30
60
90
120
possible and likelyPNe
spectroscopicallyobserved
confirmed PNe
# o
bje
cts
within MASH/IPHAS
outside MASH/IPHAS
0
50
100
150
200
250
candidates detected Hα/[O III] images taken
possible and likelyPNe
# o
bje
cts
within MASH/IPHAS
outside MASH/IPHAS
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Most candidates located in areas complementaryto IPHAS and MASH
1. Introduction
Overall detection efficiency ≈ 60%
The DSH PN survey: current census
2. WISE and planetary nebulae
Technical data
• Mission period: 2010/01 –2011/02 (12 + 22um: 2010/01 - 2010/08)
• Bands: 3.4 um, 4.6 um, 12 um, 22 um
• angular resolution: 6.1“, 6.4“, 6.5“, 12.0“
• Sensitivities: < 0.08 mJy, 0.11 mJy, 1 mJy, 6 mJy 100x more sensitive than Akari and IRAS at these wavelengths!
Statistics
• >99% of the sky observed at least 2x in all bands
• Source catalogue: 563 million objects
http://wise2.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/release/allsky/figures/4band_cryo-w1-ach_equ-rh_crop.jpg
E. J. Wright et al., AJ 140, 1868 (2010)
Sky coveragePass bands
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=2183
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/wise.html
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
2. WISE and planetary nebulae
NGC 6445, ISO-SWSP. A.M. van Hoof, AJ 532, 384 (2000)
Where does the emission observed with WISE originate from?
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
2. WISE and planetary nebulae
NGC 6445, ISO-SWSP. A.M. van Hoof, AJ 532, 384 (2000)
Where does the emission observed with WISE originate from?
IRSA
2. WISE and planetary nebulae
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Bernard-Salas, J. et al., ApJ 699, 1541 (2009)
[Ne III][S IV] [O IV]
Spitzer – IRS
Dust rich High-excitation
IRSA IRSA
• PNe considerably brighter in W3 & W4than in W1 & W2
• Dust-rich PNe usually brighter than high-excitation PNe
• W1+2: some line emission + CSPN, littlecontinuum
• W3: PAH + continuum, high-excitation lines
• W4: Continuum + some [O IV]
Sample constraints
• True and Likely PNe
• Location: outside of |b| = 5°
• Discovery method: visual surveying of DSS and SDSS images
„quasi-homogeneous sample“
3. DSH PNe: WISE properties
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Sample properties
• Total number: 52 Objects
• All main morphological classes (A,B,E,I,R) represented
• Sizes: almost stellar to several arcminutes
• ≈ 25% spherical, uniform shells
0
5
10
15
20
0-30 arcsec 30-60 arcsec > 60 arcsec0
5
10
15
20
25
A B, B? E I R
Size distribution morphologies
Spherical PNe
Morphological classification in accordance with MASH catalogue (Q.A. Parker et al., MNRAS 373,79 (2006))
The WISE properties of medium-to-high Galactic latitude PNe were studied by a subsample of the DSH PN catalogue:
3. DSH PNe: WISE properties
Asymmetric PNe (A,B,I)
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Pa 5Kn 23 KnPa 1 Kn 12 Kn 26 Kn 10
Kn 25Te 11
Pa 13 Kn 64 Kn 59 Kn 58IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
All fields 3‘×3‘, except Kn 64 (20‘×20‘)
R = W4G = W3B = W2
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
3. DSH PNe: WISE properties
Elliptical PNe
Pa 15Kn 30 Kn 44 Kn 4 Kn 60 Kn 33
KTC 1Kn 50 Kn 56 Kn 41 Kn 21 Pa 12
Kn 39Pa 33 Kn 40 Kn 37 CGMW 4-2085 Fer 4
Kn 62Kn 2 Pa 11
IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
All fields 3‘×3‘, except Kn 50 (5‘×5‘)
R = W4G = W3B = W2
3. DSH PNe: WISE properties
Round, non-spherical PNe
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Kn 42Kn 61 Pa 10Kn 24
IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
All fields 3‘×3‘, except Kn 24 (5‘×5‘)
R = W4G = W3B = W2
3. DSH PNe: WISE properties
Spherical PNe
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Kn 36 Kn 5 Kn 31 Kn 1 Pa 14 Kn 16
Kn 63
Kn 13Kn 19 Kn 3 Pa 9 Kn 34 Kn 45
Kn 48
R = W4G = W3B = W2
IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA
All fields 3‘×3‘, except Kn 45 and Kn 63 (10‘×10‘)
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
• Most asymmetric, elliptical and non-spherical round PNe are detected in WISE imagery
• Most spherical PNe are invisible on WISE imagery
0
5
10
15
20
0-30 arcsec 30-60 arcsec > 60 arcsec
0
5
10
15
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A B, B? E I R
• Objects < 30“ almost entirely visiblein WISE
• Larger objects less likely to show up
3. DSH PNe: WISE properties – summary of results
Size distribution
morphologies
Spherical PNe
89%
63%53%
0%
100%
100%
100%
81%
14%
PNe with WISE detection
Comparison of DSH data with statistics for MASH PNe outside of |b| = 5°
3. DSH PNe: WISE properties – comparison with MASH PNe
Size # total % of WISE detections DSH sample
0-30 arcsec 133 90 % 89 %
30-60 arcsec 40 60 % 63 %
> 60 arcsec 42 38 % 53 %
Type # total % of WISE detections DSH sample
A 7 43 % (0 %)
B 14 64 % 100 %
E 106 81 % 81 %
I 2 100 % (100 %)
R, non-Sph 39 95 % 100 %
R, Sph 36 39 % 14 %
S 11 91 % -
Size dependence
Dependence on morphology
Very similar size dependence between MASH and DSH sample
Very good agreement for elliptical and non-spherical round PNe
Spherical PNe significantly less likely to be detected in WISE imagery
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Brackets: only one object in sample
[W2-W3,W3-W4] colour-colour diagram:
DSH PNe: WISE properties – comparison with MASH PNe
DSH sample
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
W3
-W4
W2-W3
A,B,IERSph
• Only objects with clear detections in W3 or W4
• Multiple detections possible (especially forobjects > 30“)
„PN-bulk“
• Only objects with clear detections in W3 or W4
• Multiple detections possible (especially forobjects > 30“)
DSH PNe: WISE properties – comparison with MASH PNe
MASH sample
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
W3
-W4
W2-W3
A,B,IERSphS
No fundamental (photometric) differences between different PN types, but large scatterin the data!
[W2-W3,W3-W4] colour-colour diagram:
„PN-bulk“
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
4. WISE as a tool for discovering new PNe
Parker , Q. A. et al., IAUS 283, 9 (2012):
Mid-IR data can be a powerful toolto discover new PNe!
• WISE survey for new PN candidates started outside of the MASH and IPHAS surveyareas
• Project mostly followed up by D. Patchick
• Strategy: Combining WISE with DSS imagery to look for poss. CSPN + nebulosity
KPNO 2.1-m KPNO 2.1-m KPNO 2.1-m KPNO 2.1-m
KPNO 2.1-m
KPNO 2.1-m
KPNO 2.1-m
KPNO 2.1-m
KPNO 2.1-m
4. WISE as a tool for discovering new PNe
KPNO 2.1-m
KPNO 2.1-m
See also poster B03!
Preliminary results
• ≈ 25 new possible and likely PNe detected
• Sizes: almost stellar objects to several arcmin
• Many rings and asymmetric PNe, sphericalobjects clearly underrepresented
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Kn 59
5. Special cases
• High-Galactic latitude object ( b = +25.45°)
• PN-like, Medium-excitation spectrum
• Morphology:
SDSS, Sloan-g
SPM 0.84-m
1'
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
L. Sabin, SPM 2.1-m
• small, bright core 4“x4“
• halo 228“x174“ with multipolar characteristics
Kn 59
5. Special cases
• High-Galactic latitude object ( b = +25.45°)
• PN-like, Medium-excitation spectrum
• Morphology:
SDSS, Sloan-g
SPM 0.84-m
1'
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
SPM 2.1-m
• small, bright core 4“x4“
• halo 228“x174“ with multipolar characteristics
WISE-characteristics:
No emission detectedat 22um!
W1 W2
W3 W4
PN
?
?
IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Te 11
5. Special cases
• PN spectrum but very peculiar morphology
• Strong ISM interaction, poss with Barnards‘ Loop
• CS: fairly red, eclipsing binary
• PN or symbiotic star?
B. Miszalski et al., APN V, 328 (2011)
p = 0.12d
WIYN 3.5-mHα + [O III] + [O III]
WIYN 3.5-m
WIYN 3.5-mHα + [O III] + [O III]
APN Ve, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
Te 11
5. Special cases
• PN spectrum but very peculiar morphology
• Strong ISM interaction, poss with Barnards‘ Loop
• CS: fairly red, eclipsing binary
• PN or symbiotic star?
B. Miszalski et al., APN V, 328 (2011)
p = 0.12d
WISE-characteristics:
W1 W2
W3 W4
Again, no emission at 22um
PN
?
?
IRSA IRSA
IRSA IRSA
5. Special cases
Pa 19 & Pa 30
• Located within IPHAS survey area
• characteristics:
• W4-bright
• blue CS (DSS):
• Pa 19: B ~ 17.2, B-R ≈ -0.2
• Pa 30: B ~ 15.5, B-R ≈ -0.3
Low reddening
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
KPNO 2.1-m Hα + [O III] images taken June - October 2013
• No nebulosity on IPHAS imagery
faint shells dominated by [O III] emission
PNe
?
?
Pa 30
Pa 19
IPHASX J190512.4+161347 IRSA
IRSA
5. Special cases
Pa 19 & Pa 30
• Located within IPHAS survey area
• characteristics:
• W4-bright
• blue CS (DSS):
• Pa 19: B ~ 17.2, B-R ≈ -0.2
• Pa 30: B ~ 15.5, B-R ≈ -0.3
Low reddening
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
KPNO 2.1-m Hα + [O III] images taken June - October 2013
• No nebulosity on IPHAS imagery
faint shells dominated by [O III] emission
PNe
?
?
Pa 30
Pa 19
IPHASX J190512.4+161347
Hα
+ [O
III]
+ [
O II
I]
[O III]
KPN
O 2
.1-m
KPNO 2.1-m
Pa 30
Pa 19
IPHASX J190512.4+161347
6. Summary and conclusions
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
• The WISE properties of a subsample of the DSH True and Probable PNe were studied.
• Results:
• Larger PNe are less likely to have a WISE detection than smaller PNe
• elliptical, non-spherical round, and asymmetric PNe: Similar detection probabilities and photometric properties
• Spherical shells are significantly less often detected than all other PN types
• 25 new PN candidates detected in a directed survey of the Milky Way using WISE imagery, many of them without optical counterpart on DSS, IPHAS or MASH
WISE is an excellent all-sky tool to detect new PNe and to reveal possible mimics
Not all PNe detectable with optical methods will show up also in WISE!
Acknowledgments
APN VI, 2013/11/04 – 08, Playa del Carmen, MexicoM. Kronberger et al., WISE properties of PNe from the DSH catalogue
This research has made use of:
• the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet PropulsionLaboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration.
• data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project ofthe University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
• data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of theUniversity of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administrationand the National Science Foundation.
• the VizieR catalogue access tool and the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS,Strasbourg, France.
• data obtained from the SuperCOSMOS Science Archive, prepared and hosted by theWide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which isfunded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council.