Wisconsin Pest Management Center€¦ · This report describes pesticide related studies conducted...

Wisconsin Pest Management Center

Research Report

2007

Department of Horticulture; Mr. Daniel J. Heider Department of Entomology; Dr. Scott Chapman

and Dr. Russell Groves Department of Plant Pathology; Dr. R. S. Perry

Acknowledgments

This report describes pesticide related studies conducted in 2007 on vegetable and field crops by the Departments of Horticulture, Entomology and Plant Pathology under the direction of D. J. Heider, S. A. Chapman, R. L. Groves and R.S. Perry. We thank our many summer hourlies for assisting in data collection and plot maintenance.

The authors also thank the following for their support in 2007: AMVAC Arysta

Bayer Crop Sciences BASF

Cerexagri Crompton

Dow Agrosciences DuPont

FMC Gowan

Loveland Industries Syngenta

Valent IR-4

Harris Moran Seed Co. Semenis Seed Co. Rogers Seed Co.

Del Monte Hartung Brothers

Renk Seed Company Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association

Wisconsin Cranberry Board Wisconsin growers and cooperators who graciously provided trial sites

INSECTICIDE EFFICACY RESEARCH CONDUCTED ON VEGETABLE AND FIELD CROPS SECTION I. Insect Control on Potatoes ...............................................................1

PART 1. Insect Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides.....................1 A. Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Soil Applied

Insecticides on Russet Burbank potatoes-Hancock ..............................2 PART 2. Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides ............................................51

A. General Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides Arlington ....................51 B. Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Registered and

Experimental Insecticides on Superior variety Potatoes, Arlington..............................................................................................61

C. Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Registered and Experimental Insecticides on Russet Burbank variety Potatoes, Hancock. .............................................................................88

D. Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Rynaxypyr on Russet Burbank variety Potatoes – Hancock 2007. ..........................115

E. Novaluron, (Rimon® 0.83 EC), Insecticide / Ovicide Experiments against Colorado Potato Beetle: (2007) .......................121

PART 3. Full Season Insect Control with Systemic and Foliar Insecticides – Hancock. ....................................................................130

SECTION II. Insect Control on Other Vegetable Crops....................................155 Part 1. Insect Control on Snap Beans.........................................................156

A. European Corn Borer Control on Snap Beans with Foliar Insecticides-Arlington ........................................................................156

B. Seed Corn Maggot, Aphid, and Leaf Hopper Control on Snap Beans with Systemic Insecticides-Arlington.............................161

Part 2. Insect Control on Bell Peppers .......................................................167 A. European corn borer control with Foliar Insecticides-

Arlington............................................................................................167 Part 3. Insect Control on Cabbage .............................................................170 Part 4. Insect Control on Sweet corn .........................................................175 Part 5. Insect Control on Onion...................................................................179

A. Onion thrip control with foliar insecticides .........................................179 B. Onion thrip and onion maggot control with seed

treatments .........................................................................................184 SECTION III. Insect Control on Field Crops.....................................................187

Part 1. Corn Rootworm Larval Control on Field Corn .................................187 Part 2. Insect Control on Soybeans ............................................................209

SECTION IV. CPB resistance monitoring .......................................................216 SECTION V. Insect control on mint..................................................................222

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURE All data was subjected to two-way analysis of variance and insect count data was transformed using square root (X+1) prior to mean separation. Mean separation was by Least Significant Difference test at the 5% level of significance. Means are rounded for clarity, and in all tables, means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different.

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Any questions concerning the data should be directed to Dr. Scott Chapman, [email protected], 608-575-6469 mobile, 608-262-9914 lab.

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mailto:[email protected]

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Section 1. Insect Control on Potatoes.

Insect management programs for Wisconsin potatoes are designed to hold key insect pests below damaging levels. Two key insect species are normally present on potatoes grown in Wisconsin. The Colorado potato beetle and the potato leafhopper typically require control actions to avoid economic loss on potatoes.

Other potato insect pests occasionally occur in Wisconsin and these may also cause economic damage. However, management programs targeting the key pest complexes typically also control sporadic pests in the system. Therefore specific control measures for sporadic pests are only required when populations are unusually high or when pest specific insecticides are used to control the three key pests (Spintor, Rimon, Fulfill, etc.). The most frequently encountered sporadic pests found on potato include green peach aphids, potato aphids, potato flea beetles, European corn borers and other occasional lepidopteran pests such as cutworms and loopers, and soil insects such as wireworm and white grub.

Colorado potato beetles are a serious defoliating insect pest on potatoes in Wisconsin, and due to its ability to develop insecticide resistance; populations may be difficult to control. Colorado potato beetles cause damage as a defoliator in both the adult and larval stages and non-chemical control options for Colorado potato beetles are often limited in scope. Cultural manipulations such as crop rotation, to avoid over wintered adult populations, can be effective in delaying infestations and decreasing their severity. Trap crops or physical barriers (trenches) have also been used successfully in other growing regions to delay infestation. Biological regulation by beneficial insects (predators, parasitoids, etc.) is usually ineffective and growers must rely on chemical control to prevent economic damage.

Potato leafhoppers migrate yearly into Wisconsin from southeastern U.S. Both the adult and nymphal stages cause damage by feeding on the plant sap, disrupting the plants ability to translocate photosynthates. The resultant hopper burn can cause serious yield loss in potato. Potato leafhopper control options are limited since both cultural and biological controls are not effective and growers must again rely on insecticidal control when populations exceed damage thresholds.

Green peach aphids, like the potato leafhopper, feed by extracting sap from the plant. However, plant conductive tissues are not seriously damaged during feeding and extremely high populations are necessary to remove sufficient sap to cause wilting and plant death. Populations normally reach this level only late in the season and vine damage is seen in relatively small, circular patches of dead vines scattered throughout the fields. Although direct damage rarely results from aphid feeding earlier in the season, the green peach aphid is an efficient vector of several potato viruses (e.g. potato virus Y and potato leaf roll virus) and indirect damage can occur from low aphid population levels as a result of virus

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transmission. In processing and fresh market potatoes, viruses rarely cause current season yield reduction and concern is primarily centered on the prevention of potato leaf roll virus spread which can reduce processing quality through expression in tubers (net necrosis). In processing potatoes, control actions are often recommended at levels of 1 aphid per leaf or below. Higher aphid levels can be tolerated in fresh market production but since aphids reproduce very quickly, population explosions can occur rapidly and control actions are normally taken at or below 4-5 aphids per leaf before damaging levels are reached. In seed potato production, virus spread must be held close to zero to achieve certification and consequently control actions are taken at extremely low aphid levels (1 green peach aphid per 10 leaves).

Control options for aphids are also limited and the primary management tool is again insecticide use. Cultural controls are not effective since winged aphids can be carried over long distances by wind. However, broad complexes of beneficial insects (both predators and parasitoids) utilize aphids as hosts and they can limit aphid populations if left undisturbed by insecticides. Beneficial insects represent an important natural aphid mortality factor which should be preserved whenever possible and used in conjunction with insecticidal control.

Although cultural and biological controls can provide some level of population reduction; key insect pests of potato are currently being managed primarily with insecticides. Chemical management programs should be designed to hold key insect pest populations below damaging levels while avoiding the potential problems associated with resistance, non-target toxicity, environmental degradation and worker safety. The following studies describe research conducted in 2005 on the control of key insect pests of potato using registered and experimental insecticides.

Part 1. Insect Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides.

Systemic insecticides are those applied to the soil (or seed piece) at planting or very early in the growing season (planting-emergence). They are taken up by the plant and provide protection for an extended period of time. Since 1995 several nicotinyl, systemic insecticides have been registered on potatoes in Wisconsin and others are currently awaiting registration. Nicotinyls have been widely used by the Wisconsin potato industry because they are flexible systemic insecticides with low mammalian toxicity, low environmental impact, and have excellent efficacy against key potato pests (Colorado potato beetle and aphids).

A. Colorado Potato Beetle, Potato Leafhopper and Aphid Control with

Soil Insecticides, Hancock. The Colorado potato beetle is the foremost potato insect pest throughout the

Midwestern and Eastern growing regions of the United States. Insecticide resistance is widespread in most areas and effective registered materials are becoming more limited. Since the mid 1990’s soil applied, systemic insecticides

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have been widely used for Colorado potato beetle control because of their effectiveness and reduced labor inputs.

Nicotinyls are extremely flexible insecticides that are currently registered on potatoes in Wisconsin. Formulations are now registered for soil application as furrow sprays, fertilizer incorporation, and layby applications, seed treatments and foliar sprays. Several nicotinyls were evaluated in a soil applied systemic insecticide trial conducted on potatoes.

Russet Burbank variety potatoes were planted on 24 April 2007 into plots consisting of 4 x 20’ rows, replicated four times in a randomized block experimental design. Rows were planted on 3’ centers with 12 inch plant spacing. Treatments were separated by two untreated border rows (Russet Burbank variety) to provide continual infestation while 15’ alleys separated replicates.

Forty five treatments were evaluated for Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper and aphid control on a loamy sand textured soil at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, Wisconsin. The following table lists the evaluated treatments.

Table 1. Insecticide treatment list for Colorado Potato Beetle Systemic Trial.

HARS, Hancock, WI 2007. Treatment Rate Placement 1-Untreated --- --- 2-Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 3-V10170 2.13SL 0.3 fl oz/cwt Seed

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 4-V10170 2.13SL 0.4 fl oz/cwt Seed



Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 7-V10170 2.32SC 0.8 fl oz/cwt Seed

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 8-Cruiser 5FS 0.13 fl oz/cwt Seed

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 9-Cruiser 5FS 0.16 fl oz/cwt Seed

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 10-Poncho 5L 0.16 fl oz/cwt Seed

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 11-Poncho 5L 0.32 fl oz/cwt Seed

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 12-Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.26 fl oz/cwt Seed

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed (Continued)

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Table 1. (Continued). Insecticide treatment list for Colorado Potato Beetle Systemic Trial. HARS, Hancock, WI 2007.

Treatment Rate Placement 13-Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 14-NEI-25050 0.15 fl oz/cwt Seed Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed

15-NEI-25050 0.3 fl oz/cwt Seed Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed

16-NEI-25050 0.45 fl oz/cwt Seed Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed

17-NEI-25050 0.075 fl oz/cwt Seed NEI-21901 0.068 fl oz/cwt Seed

Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 18-NEI-25050 0.15 fl oz/cwt Seed

NEI-21901 0.134 fl oz/cwt Seed Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed

19-NEI-25050 0.225 fl oz/cwt Seed NEI-21901 0.199 fl oz/cwt Seed

Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 20-NEI-21901 7 fl oz/a Furrow Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed

21-Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 22-Tops MZ Gaucho 1.25DS 12 oz/cwt Seed

23-Assail 30WG 4 oz/a Foliar Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed

24-A9549 75WG 1.68 oz/a Furrow Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed



27-Platinum 2SL 5 fl oz/a Furrow Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed

28-Platinum 2SL 6.5 fl oz/a Furrow Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed

29-Platinum 2SL 8 fl oz/a Furrow Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed

(Continued)

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Table 1. (Continued). Insecticide treatment list for Colorado Potato Beetle Systemic Trial. HARS, Hancock, WI 2007.

Treatment Rate Placement 30-Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 31-Admire Pro 4.6SC 5.7 fl oz/a Furrow

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 32-Admire Pro 4.6SC 7 fl oz/a Furrow

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 33-Admire Pro 4.6SC 8.5 fl oz/a Furrow

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 34-Belay 16WG 12.5 oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 35-Belay 16WG 18 oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 36-V10170 50WG 1.9 oz/a Furrow




Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 40-V10170 2.13SL 11.9 fl oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 41-EXP 1



Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 44-Regent 4SC 3.2 fl oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 45-Untreated --- ---

Seed piece treatments (spray) were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack

sprayer operating at 30 psi. Preweighed, cut and suberized potato seed was placed in a single layer and sprayed with half of a spray solution. The seed was allowed to dry and then it was flipped over and the remaining spray solution was applied on the other half of the seed pieces. Dust seed piece treatments were

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applied by adding preweighed dry formulation materials to preweighed, cut, and suberized potato seed pieces in plastic bags. Bags were shaken thoroughly and seed pieces were hand placed (12” spacing) into open furrows at planting and covered by hilling. In furrow insecticides were applied in a 4-6” band over suberized seed pieces using a CO2 pressurized back pack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (TXVS-6) delivering 5 gpa at 30 psi.

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) populations were surveyed weekly from 31 May through 7 August by counting CPB life stages (adults, egg masses, small and large larvae) on ten plants randomly selected from the center two rows of each plot. Damage was recorded weekly by estimating percent defoliation of each plot. Potato leafhopper adults and aphids were surveyed weekly from 5 June through 7 August by sweep sampling (25 sweeps per plot). Potato leafhopper nymph, green peach aphid and potato aphids were also surveyed weekly from 5 June through 7 August but by leaf sampling (25 leaves per plot). Hopperburn ratings were generated from visual observations of each plot and determining the level of “burn” on a scale of 0-5 with 0 having no damage to 5 where all of the leaf foliage is necrotic.

Plots were overhead irrigated with 0.4-0.6” water every 2-5 days from plant emergence to vine kill for a total of 15 inches of water from 5/30/07 through 8/16/07.

Plots were vine killed with two appllicatons of (Reglone 1 pt./a) on 13 August and 17 August and a single row from the center two rows (20’) was harvested and graded for yield on 30 August. Plot maintenance was conducted by Hancock Agriculture Research Station personnel and was per commercial production.

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Table 2. Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 10 plants Treatment 31 May

(37 dap) 5 June

(42 dap) 12 June (49 dap)

20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

1 4.5 a-d 4.0 a 4.3 a 0.0 f 0.0 a 47.5 cd 29.5 b-l 3.0 k 3.0 jk 0.0 e 0.0 b

2 3.0 b-i 2.0 a 1.0 a 0.3 f 1.8 a 4.3 ghi 32.8 b-j 16.5 d-j 5.5 ijk 0.0 e 0.0 b

3 1.8 c-k 3.8 a 1.8 a 1.5 a-f 1.8 a 7.0 f-i 43.8 a-f 34.3 a-f 5.0 h-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

4 1.0 g-k 1.8 a 4.0 a 1.3 b-f 0.5 a 1.8 hi 31.3 b-k 21.8 b-i 27.0 c-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

5 0.3 k 1.5 a 1.0 a 3.8 ab 1.5 a 5.3 f-i 23 d-l 36.3 a-d 48.3 b-f 5.8 cde 0.0 b

6 0.8 ijk 1.5 a 1.0 a 1.0 def 1.3 a 1.0 hi 14.8 g-l 23.3 a-h 63.3 b-f 10.5 b-e 0.0 b

7 1.0 g-k 0.3 a 1.3 a 0.0 f 0.3 a 1.0 hi 14.5 h-l 17.8 c-i 49.3 b-f 9.8 a-e 0.0 b

8 1.0 g-k 3.0 a 2.3 a 1 def 0.3 a 3 ghi 28.3 c-l 28.0 a-f 28.3 c-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

9 1.8 c-k 2.3 a 2.0 a 0.8 ef 1.0 a 9.3 f-i 48.5 a-e 19.8 c-i 27.0 e-k 1.0 cde 0.0 b

10 1.3 e-k 4.5 a 1.8 a 1.3 c-f 1.8 a 1.5 hi 31.8 b-j 41.8 ab 31.0 c-k 5.8 b-e 0.0 b

11 0.3 k 1.3 a 2.8 a 5.8 a 0.5 a 2.5 hi 12.0 i-l 19.5 c-i 53.5 b-f 16.5 ab 0.0 b

12 1.0 g-k 1.8 a 2.3 a 0.5 ef 0.0 a 5.0 f-i 59.8 ab 46.8 a 20.0 c-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

(continued) Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05).

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Table 2. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

13 1.8 e-k 1.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 f 0.3 a 77.8 bc 36.8 b-j 4.0 k 0.5 k 0.0 e 0.0 b

14 1.5 d-k 2.5 a 3.3 a 2.8 a-e 1.0 a 62.8 cde 44.3 a-g 6.8 ijk 0.8 k 0.0 e 0.0 b

15 1.0 g-k 1.5 a 2.0 a 1.3 b-f 0.5 a 5.0 f-i 41.0 b-h 45.8 a 4.5 ijk 0.0 e 0.0 b

16 0.5 jk 2.0 a 2.8 a 1.8 a-f 1.8 a 2.3 hi 23.0 d-l 30.8 a-f 19.5 e-k 1.5 cde 0.0 b

17 2.0 b-k 3.0 a 2.8 a 1.8 a-f 0.3 a 11.0 f-i 52.8 a-d 34.5 a-e 20.3 d-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

18 1.0 h-k 4.0 a 1.5 a 2.5 a-e 1.3 a 7.3 f-i 57.3 a-d 26.0 a-h 14.8 f-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

19 1.5 e-k 3.3 a 3.3 a 1.5 b-f 0.8 a 5.5 f-i 43.5 b-i 45.8 a 46.0 b-g 1.5 cde 0.0 b

20 2.0 b-k 1.0 a 1.8 a 0.0 f 0.8 a 156.3 a 30.5 b-l 3.0 k 5.8 h-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

21 4.8 a-e 3.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 f 0.0 a 92.8 b 28.0 d-l 5.8 jk 0.0 k 0.0 e 0.0 b

22 2.8 b-j 3.3 a 1.0 a 3.5 a-d 1.0 a 8.0 f-i 39.3 b-i 36.5 a-d 79.5 a-d 0.0 e 0.0 b

23 3.8 a-f 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.8 ef 1.3 a 1.5 hi 39.3 b-i 25.0 a-h 7.5 h-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

24 1.0 h-k 3.3 a 3.0 a 1.8 a-f 0.8 a 4.5 f-i 39.8 b-h 42.3 ab 28.3 f-k 0.0 e 0.0 b


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(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

25 1.3 e-k 2.5 a 2.3 a 1.0 def 1.0 a 1.0 hi 16.5 e-l 44.3 a 88.0 abc 0.0 e 0.0 b

26 1.3 e-k 1.3 a 3.5 a 1.8 a-f 0.3 a 1.5 hi 21.5 d-l 34.3 a-d 92.3 ab 11.5 abc 0.0 b

27 2.0 c-k 3.0 a 2.5 a 0.3 f 0.3 a 1.0 hi 32.3 b-k 36.0 a-d 73.0 b-f 0.0 e 0.0 b

28 3.3 a-h 6.3 a 3.3 a 3.8 abc 0.5 a 10.5 f-i 21.8 d-l 38.8 abc 106.5 ab 1.0 cde 0.0 b

29 3.5 a-g 2.0 a 2.0 a 1.3 c-f 1.8 a 12.8 f-i 35.3 b-k 29.0 a-f 86.0 a-e 0.0 e 0.0 b

30 7.0 a 2.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 f 0.5 a 54.3 bc 22.3 g-l 5.3 k 0.0 k 0.0 e 0.0 b

31 2.8 b-k 3.0 a 2.3 a 1.5 b-f 1.3 a 21.0 fgh 48.3 a-e 49.0 a 51.5 b-h 0.5 de 0.0 b

32 3.0 b-i 2.5 a 0.8 a 1.0 def 0.0 a 2.5 ghi 46.3 a-e 36.5 a-d 49.3 b-j 0.0 e 0.0 b

33 1.8 c-k 1.8 a 1.0 a 0.5 ef 0.5 a 0.8 hi 27.3 b-l 34.0 a-d 57.5 b-f 9.8 b-e 0.0 b

34 1.8 d-k 2.8 a 3.0 a 1.0 def 1.0 a 3.8 ghi 25.8 b-l 38.3 a-d 51.8 b-i 0.0 e 0.0 b

35 1.3 f-k 1.3 a 1.3 a 2.0 a-f 1.0 a 1.3 hi 16.3 f-l 18.8 c-i 82.5 a-e 18 a-d 0.0 b

36 4.0 a-e 2.3 a 1.3 a 0.5 ef 1.3 a 8.3 f-i 35.8 b-j 27.3 a-g 14.8 e-k 0.0 e 0.0 b


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(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

37 0.5 jk 2.8 a 2.0 a 2.0 a-f 0.5 a 1.3 hi 18.5 e-l 19.0 b-i 65.5 b-f 1.3 cde 0.0 b

38 0.3 k 0.5 a 1.0 a 0.5 ef 0.5 a 0.0 i 8.8 kl 8.5 h-k 40.5 b-i 19.0 ab 8.0 a

39 0.3 k 1.5 a 0.5 a 0.5 ef 0.8 a 0.5 hi 9.8 jkl 9.5 g-k 45.0 b-g 25.3 a 0.0 b

40 0.3 k 1.5 a 2.8 a 1.0 ef 0.5 a 1.0 hi 7.8 l 13.5 f-k 148.8 a 13 b-e 0.0 b

41 4.5 abc 1.5 a 1.8 a 0.3 f 0.3 a 47.3 cde 60.3 abc 11.3 g-k 6.3 h-k 5.3 cde 0.0 b

42 1.8 c-k 2.0 a 1.3 a 0.0 f 0.0 a 85.5 bc 55.3 a-d 11.3 g-k 2.8 ijk 0.0 e 0.0 b

43 4.8 ab 3.8 a 2.5 a 0.3 f 0.0 a 20.5 def 82.3 a 34.3 a-d 6.8 g-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

44 3.0 b-i 0.8 a 0.8 a 0.0 f 0.5 a 16.8 efg 55.8 a-d 14.0 e-k 5.5 h-k 0.0 e 0.0 b

45 1.5 e-k 1.0 a 1.5 a 0.0 f 0.0 a 56.3 bc 38.5 b-j 2.8 k 0.0 k 0.0 e 0.0 b

LSD 0.71 0.75 0.73 0.67 0.46 2.47 2.65 2.00 4.23 1.76 0.38

C.V. 31.25 31.04 32.30 34.31 26.01 53.20 34.29 30.38 62.23 81.74 26.00

F 2.296 1.212 1.324 1.853 1.330 9.197 2.099 4.686 3.410 2.058 2.991

Prob. (F) 0.0002 0.2025 0.1142 0.0039 0.1107 0.0001 0.0007 0.0001 0.0001 0.0009 0.0001

Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05).

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Table 3. Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean masses per 10 plants Treatment 31 May

(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

1 11.3 a 7.8 ab 1.5 a-f 0.3 ef 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 5.5 bcd 6.5 a-d 0.5 def 0.0 f 0.0 e 1.0 a 1.0 a 0.5 efg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 0.3 hi 0.8 ij 0.8 b-f 0.0 f 0.3 de 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

4 0.5 hi 0.5 ij 2.0 a-e 0.8 c-f 1.3 abc 0.3 a 0.5 a 3.0 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

5 0.0 i 0.3 j 0.5 def 0.5 ef 1.3 abc 0.8 a 0.5 a 1.8 a-f 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 i 0.8 ij 0.3 ef 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 1.3 a 2.5 abc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.5 cde 0.5 a 0.0 a 3.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 0.0 i 0.3 j 2.3 a-e 0.0 f 0.3 de 0.8 a 1.3 a 1.8 a-f 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.5 hi 0.0 j 0.5 c-f 2.5 ab 0.8 cde 0.0 a 1.0 a 1.0 c-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

10 0.0 i 1.5 g-j 2.5 ab 1.5 a-e 0.5 cde 0.8 a 0.5 a 1.0 c-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

11 0.0 i 0.0 j 1.5 a-f 0.0 f 0.5 cde 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.8 d-g 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

12 0.0 i 1.3 hij 0.8 b-f 0.8 def 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.3 a-e 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


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Table 3. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

13 5.8 bc 6.0 b-e 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

14 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.8 b-f 2.5 a 1.0 a-d 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

15 0.0 i 0.5 ij 0.5 c-f 0.8 c-f 0.8 b-e 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

16 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.3 ef 0.0 f 1.8 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 2.8 a-d 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

17 0.5 hi 1.3 hij 1.8 a-e 0.0 f 0.3 de 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

18 0.5 hi 0.3 j 1.0 b-f 2.0 abc 0.3 de 0.5 a 1.0 a 0.3 fg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

19 0.0 i 0.3 j 0.5 def 0.8 def 0.8 b-e 1.3 a 0.5 a 1.8 a-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

20 3.3 d-g 4.0 c-f 0.0 f 0.8 def 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

21 3.5 c-f 3.8 d-g 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

22 0.3 hi 1.3 hij 1.5 a-f 1.8 a-d 1.0 a-d 0.8 a 1.0 a 0.8 d-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

23 3.5 c-f 4.8 b-f 0.5 c-f 0.8 def 0.0 e 1.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 efg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

24 1.5 fgh 0.8 hij 1.5 a-f 1.0 b-f 0.3 de 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.8 d-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


13



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

25 0.3 hi 0.3 j 0.3 ef 1.3 a-f 0.0 e 0.3 a 0.0 a 1.8 a-f 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

26 0.0 i 1.0 hij 1.0 b-f 0.3 ef 0.5 cde 0.3 a 0.5 a 2.8 abc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

27 0.0 i 0.3 j 1.8 a-e 0.8 c-f 0.3 de 0.3 a 0.5 a 1.3 b-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

28 0.0 i 1.5 hij 2.3 abc 0.0 f 0.8 b-e 0.5 a 1.3 a 2.8 a-d 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

29 0.0 i 0.5 ij 0.0 f 0.5 def 0.3 de 1.0 a 0.0 a 3.0 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

30 7.3 b 9.5 a 1.0 b-f 0.0 f 0.3 de 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

31 1.3 ghi 2.0 g-j 0.3 ef 0.8 c-f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.8 b-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

32 1.3 ghi 0.8 ij 0.3 ef 0.0 f 1.3 abc 0.5 a 1.5 a 1.8 a-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

33 0.8 hi 0.5 ij 0.5 def 0.5 ef 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.0 a-f 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

34 0.0 i 0.8 ij 0.8 b-f 0.5 def 1.8 ab 0.3 a 0.5 a 2.8 a-e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

35 0.0 i 0.0 j 1.0 b-f 0.0 f 0.3 de 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 d-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

36 2.8 efg 1.5 g-j 2.0 a-d 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 efg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


14



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

37 0.0 i 0.0 j 1.3 a-f 0.3 ef 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 c-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

38 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

39 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.5 a 1.8 a-f 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

40 0.3 hi 0.5 ij 0.8 b-f 0.3 ef 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 efg 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

41 5.3 b-e 2.3 f-i 1.0 b-f 0.3 ef 0.5 cde 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

42 5.0 bcd 7.0 abc 0.3 ef 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

43 7.0 b 7.3 abc 3.5 a 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

44 7.3 ab 4.5 c-f 0.8 b-f 0.0 f 0.3 de 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

45 4.0 cde 2.8 e-h 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 e 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.55 0.62 0.56 0.41 0.32 0.37 0.41 0.57 0.10 0.00 0.00

C.V. 26.46 29.00 30.83 25.25 20.22 23.07 25.64 30.11 6.76 0.00 0.00

F 11.718 7.603 1.575 2.218 2.371 1.347 1.037 2.792 0.926 0.000 0.000

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0259 0.0003 0.0001 0.1008 0.4254 0.0001 0.6060 1.0000 1.0000


15

Table 4. Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean larvae per 10 plants Treatment 31 May

(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

1 11.3 a 29.5 bc 53.5 ab 13.5 a-h 14.3 b-h 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.8 c 19.5 cde 22.8 de 0.5 lm 0.5 mn 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 8.5 c-l 28.0 abc 14.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

4 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 3.5 i-m 12.3 b-i 6.3 b-g 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

5 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 2.5 i-n 0.8 fg 1.8 a 2.5 a 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 2.0 j-n 1.3 fg 1.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 0.8 mn 0.0 g 0 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 10.8 c-l 31.8 a 2.3 efg 0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 1.5 klm 16.5 a-g 8.3 a-f 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

10 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 3.5 h-m 15.3 a-g 4.5 d-g 0.5 a 1.8 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

11 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 2.0 lmn 0.3 fg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

12 0.0 c 0.0 h 2.5 f 1.3 klm 16.5 a-g 17.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


16

Table 4. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

13 8.0 b 33.8 b 56.0 ab 14.3 a-f 14.5 a-g 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

14 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 12.8 a-i 23.5 a-d 15.8 abc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

15 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 2.3 j-m 10.8 d-l 15.0 ab 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

16 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 3.3 h-n 5.0 d-g 3.3 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

17 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 7.8 d-m 25.5 ab 6.5 a-f 3.3 a 0.3 a 0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

18 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 3.5 h-m 24.3 a-e 5.3 b-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

19 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 2.3 j-m 11.8 c-k 8.8 a-e 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

20 1.3 c 38.8 b 54.8 ab 46.3 a 13.0 a-h 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

21 2.0 c 26.5 bc 51.3 ab 27.3 a 11.3 b-i 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

22 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 6.5 e-m 16.5 a-g 3.0 d-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

23 0.3 c 59.3 a 24.3 d 0.0 m 0.0 n 0.0 g 2.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

24 1.5 c 6.3 fgh 17.5 e 15.5 a-g 15.5 a-h 8.0 a-f 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


17



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

25 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 9.0 f-m 8.8 f-n 3.0 d-g 2.5 a 0.0 a 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

26 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.8 lm 1.5 lmn 0.3 fg 2.3 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

27 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 3.3 g-m 11.5 b-j 3.0 d-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

28 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 3.5 g-m 8.5 e-m 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

29 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.5 lm 12.0 c-l 3.5 d-g 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

30 7.8 ab 36.8 b 73.3 a 11.8 b-j 19.8 a-f 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

31 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 3.3 h-m 18.5 a-f 8.5 a-f 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

32 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.8 lm 11.3 b-j 10.3 a-d 0.3 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

33 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 6.3 g-n 4.0 d-g 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

34 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.3 f 2.8 j-m 13.8 a-h 5.0 c-g 3.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

35 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.3 lm 1.8 k-n 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

36 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.3 f 10.8 c-k 21.0 a-f 6.0 d-g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


18



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

37 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 1.5 klm 1.0 mn 0.8 fg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

38 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 0.0 n 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

39 0.0 c 0.0 h 0.0 f 0.0 m 0.8 mn 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

40 0.0 c 2.0 gh 0.0 f 0.0 m 0.5 mn 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

41 0.3 c 16.3 def 46.8 bc 18.3 a-e 25.0 abc 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

42 1.3 c 11.5 d-g 42.3 bc 24.0 ab 9.3 f-n 0.0 g 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

43 0.0 c 19.5 bcd 33.3 cd 18.3 a-d 17.5 a-f 2.0 efg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

44 0.0 c 12.3 e-h 30.3 cd 14.3 a-g 21.3 a-e 1.5 efg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

45 5.8 b 19.8 cde 51.0 abc 20.8 abc 24.0 a-e 1.8 efg 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.68 1.63 1.49 1.79 1.78 1.46 0.73 0.37 0.31 0.00 0.00

C.V. 40.50 57.27 41.94 55.78 40.12 57.89 45.76 24.95 21.43 0.00 0.00

F 4.49 9.81 22.221 4.250 4.357 2.777 0.886 0.923 1.143 0.000 0.000

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.6712 0.6115 0.2778 1.0000 1.0000


19

Table 5. Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

1 0.0 a 0.0 a 31.5 bc 80.5 a 55.3 a 21.8 b-j 4.8 d-j 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 f 0.0 f 0.0 p 0.0 l 7.0 c-j 8.0 a 2.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.8 ef 24.8 de 27.8 bcd 7.3 b-g 4.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 1.0 ef 6.5 h-n 7.3 g-l 8.8 a-f 2.5 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 2.3 m-p 0.5 l 5.3 b-j 1.3 a 3.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.3 f 1.5 m-p 3.5 i-l 5.0 c-j 0.0 a 4.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 p 1.3 l 0.0 j 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.5 ef 26.0 def 42.5 ab 10.3 a-e 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 12.3 g-l 28.0 b-g 6.5 b-i 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

10 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 5.3 j-o 20.3 b-h 10.0 a-e 1.5 a 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

11 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 1.3 ef 0.0 p 1.8 kl 0.5 hij 0.3 a 0.5 a 1.3 a 0.0 a

12 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 14.3 e-h 23.8 b-g 3.5 d-j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


20

Table 5. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

13 0.0 a 0.0 a 19.3 bcd 61.3 ab 48.3 a 8.8 e-l 3.5 e-j 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

14 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 1.8 def 42.5 abc 68.3 a 21.8 abc 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

15 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 5.0 i-o 16.5 c-j 11.3 a-e 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

16 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.5 op 4.8 h-l 15.0 ab 3.5 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

17 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 5.5 de 30.8 bcd 36.0 abc 11.0 a-e 1.5 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

18 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.3 f 5.8 l-p 28.3 b-g 12.0 a-d 2.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

19 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 2.8 m-p 17.5 c-j 3.5 d-j 1.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

20 0.0 a 0.0 a 16 cde 66 ab 51.0 a 27.8 b-e 3.8 d-j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

21 0.0 a 0.0 a 18.8 bcd 65.3 ab 46.5 ab 9.0 d-l 0.0 j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

22 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.5 ef 13.5 e-i 25.5 b-g 20.3 a 3.0 a 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

23 0.0 a 0.0 a 5.8 ef 0.0 f 0.0 p 0.0 l 1.0 f-j 7.5 a 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

24 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 f 11.8 d 15.3 f-j 16.5 c-j 3.5 d-j 1.8 a 2.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


21



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

25 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 5.3 k-p 7.8 e-l 3.3 d-j 1.3 a 3.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

26 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 nop 1.3 l 3.3 d-j 2.5 a 2.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

27 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.8 ef 12.3 g-k 38.3 abc 7.8 b-i 4.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

28 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.5 ef 13.5 e-h 4.5 h-l 2.5 e-j 1.8 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

29 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 3.0 m-p 3.0 jkl 8.3 a-e 0.5 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

30 0.0 a 0.0 a 138.5 a 80.0 a 43.3 abc 8.3 h-l 1.0 f-j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

31 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 2.0 def 13.0 g-j 26.5 bcd 7.0 b-i 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

32 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.3 f 7.3 g-m 14.8 c-k 3.5 d-j 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

33 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.8 m-p 5.8 f-l 7.3 b-h 2.0 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

34 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 1.0 ef 4.8 l-p 21.8 b-i 8.8 b-g 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.3 f 0.0 p 1.8 l 2.0 e-j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

36 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 7.8 d 17.3 efg 26.0 b-f 4.3 c-j 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


22



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

37 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.0 nop 3.5 jkl 0.3 ij 0.0 a 1 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

38 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 p 0.0 l 0.0 j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

39 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.3 op 0.0 l 0.0 j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

40 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 p 0.0 l 0.0 j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

41 0.0 a 0.0 a 9.0 def 41.3 c 54.3 a 17.3 c-j 0.8 g-j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

42 0.0 a 0.0 a 20.0 bcd 66 ab 55.3 a 32 b-f 3.8 e-j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

43 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.5 ef 52.3 bc 50.0 a 33.5 bc 0.8 hij 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

44 0.0 a 0.0 a 13.0 de 41.8 c 28.8 cd 8.5 d-l 3.5 d-j 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

45 0.0 a 0.0 a 35.5 b 65.8 ab 50.8 a 19.5 c-j 0.0 j 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.00 0.00 1.90 1.30 1.34 2.31 1.59 0.99 0.79 0.15 0.00

C.V. 0.00 0.00 73.85 34.60 27.27 48.64 52.58 52.92 46.80 10.72 0.00

F 0.000 0.000 7.025 36.17 22.592 4.447 2.357 1.209 0.84 1.000 0.000

Prob. (F) 1.0000 1.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.2054 0.7437 0.4836 1.0000


23

Table 6. Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean defoliation per plot Treatment 31 May

(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 13.8 bcd 42.5 b 67.5 ab 73.8 a 92.5 a 97.5 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 5.0 e-h 37.5 f-l 96.3 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 5 e 12.5 ghi 18.8 cde 58.8 c-g 97.5 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 1.3 gh 18.8 j-o 91.3 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 17.5 j-o 43.8 ghi 95 ab 100.0 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 12.5 l-o 40.0 ghi 96.3 a 100.0 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 2.5 o 21.3 i 80 bc 100.0 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 e 2.5 i 8.8 d-h 26.3 h-o 88.8 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 1.3 e 3.8 i 12.5 d-h 60.0 c-g 80.0 a-d 98.8 a 100.0 a

10 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 2.5 gh 41.3 e-k 71.3 b-f 97.5 a 100.0 a

11 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 12.5 l-o 27.5 hi 76.3 cd 100.0 a

12 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 2.5 i 12.5 d-h 45.0 e-j 92.5 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a


24

Table 6. (Continued). Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

13 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 b 17.5 b 35.0 bcd 52.5 bcd 82.5 a 91.3 a 98.8 a 100.0 a 100.0 a

14 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 3.8 e 25.0 fg 58.8 b 91.3 a 98.8 a 100.0 a 100.0 a

15 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 2.5 i 6.3 d-h 58.8 c-g 98.8 a 100.0 a 100.0 a

16 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 32.5 g-n 82.5 a-d 98.8 a 100.0 a

17 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 1.3 e 10.0 ghi 20.0 cd 52.5 d-h 93.8 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

18 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 2.5 i 15.0 c-g 42.5 e-j 86.3 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a

19 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 3.8 fgh 28.8 h-o 73.8 a-f 98.8 a 100.0 a

20 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 b 21.3 b 36.3 bcd 63.8 abc 81.3 a 92.5 a 97.5 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

21 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 17.5 b 41.3 bc 71.3 a 80.0 a 95.0 a 98.8 a 100.0 a 100.0 a

22 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 1.3 e 1.3 i 17.5 c-f 38.8 f-l 86.3 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a

23 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 5.0 e-h 62.5 b-f 96.3 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

24 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 e 5.0 i 6.3 d-h 50.0 d-i 83.8 a-d 100.0 a 100.0 a


25



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

25 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 1.3 gh 22.5 i-o 71.3 b-f 100.0 a 100.0 a

26 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 1.3 gh 8.8 mno 50.0 e-h 96.3 a 100.0 a

27 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 5.0 e-h 23.8 i-o 85.0 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a

28 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 2.5 gh 18.8 j-o 66.3 c-g 97.5 a 100.0 a

29 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 5.0 e-h 23.8 i-o 78.8 a-d 100.0 a 100.0 a

30 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.5 a 35.0 a 58.8 a 72.5 a 86.3 a 95.0 a 100.0 a 100.0 a 100.0 a

31 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 1.3 i 11.3 d-h 41.3 e-k 82.5 a-d 97.5 a 100.0 a

32 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 3.8 fgh 36.3 f-m 81.3 a-d 100.0 a 100.0 a

33 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 22.5 i-o 57.5 d-g 91.3 abc 100.0 a

34 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 1.3 e 1.3 i 0.0 h 30.0 h-o 78.8 a-d 100.0 a 100.0 a

35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 6.3 no 47.5 f-i 91.3 abc 100.0 a

36 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 3.8 e 8.8 hi 13.8 d-h 42.5 e-j 95.0 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a


26



(37 dap) 5 June


20 June (57 dap)

25 June (62 dap)

2 July (69 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

31 July (98 dap)

7 August(105 dap)

37 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 13.8 k-o 76.3 a-e 97.5 a 100.0 a

38 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 2.5 o 21.3 i 61.3 d 92.5 b

39 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 7.5 no 43.8 ghi 86.3 abc 100.0 a

40 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 e 0.0 i 0.0 h 2.5 o 42.5 ghi 93.8 ab 100.0 a

41 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 7.5 cde 27.5 d 36.3 ef 57.5 b 86.3 abc 98.8 a 98.8 a 100.0 a

42 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 15.0 bc 28.8 cd 51.3 cde 73.8 a 88.8 ab 97.5 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

43 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 2.5 e 10.0 e 22.5 fgh 45.0 b 76.3 a-d 96.3 ab 100.0 a 100.0 a

44 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 5.0 de 8.8 e 6.3 i 28.8 c 67.5 a-e 86.3 abc 100.0 a 100.0 a

45 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 13.8 bcd 27.5 d 47.5 de 73.8 a 93.8 a 100.0 a 100.0 a 100.0 a

LSD 0 0 0.94 8.92 13.52 16.15 14.94 27.79 27.30 15.40 2.48

C.V. 0 0 602.55 192.80 128.28 91.09 52.21 45.31 25.08 11.37 1.78

F 0 0 1.7890 5.569 9.296 15.199 29.186 9.273 5.607 1.839 1.588

Prob. (F) 1 1 0.0062 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0044 0.0237


27

Table 7. Potato leafhopper adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean adults per plot Treatment 6 June


20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

1 9.5 bc 17.8 b-e 14.8 a-d 6.3 d-j 35.3 abc 10.5 ij

2 9.8 abc 20.8 abc 14 a-e 9.5 abc 23.8 ab 33.0 abc 29.0 a

3 1.8 hij 4.3 i-m 4.0 g-n 3.5 e-l 7.0 d-k 7.8 hij 3.0 e-i

4 0.8 ij 3.5 lm 2.0 j-n 2.0 g-m 2.3 k 13.0 d-i 1.5 f-i

5 1.0 ij 4.8 i-m 1.8 j-n 0.0 m 4.8 f-k 8.0 g-j 5.3 b-g 3.3 a-d

6 1.0 ij 5.5 i-m 0.8 n 1.8 h-m 3.0 jk 5.8 hij 1.8 e-i 1.8 a-e

7 1.0 ij 4.5 i-m 2.3 j-n 0.5 klm 4.0 h-k 8.8 f-j 2.5 e-i 2.8 abc

8 1.3 hij 5.5 i-m 2.5 i-n 0.8 klm 6.3 e-k 13.3 d-i 5.3 c-h 1.0 ef

9 2.5 g-j 7.5 f-m 1.8 k-n 1.3 j-m 6.0 e-k 10.5 f-j 2.0 f-i 0.0 f

10 1.0 ij 3.8 lm 1.0 mn 1 klm 7.0 d-k 10.8 e-j 1.5 f-i 3.5 a-f

11 2.5 hij 3.0 m 2.3 j-n 0.0 m 5.5 f-k 2.8 j 2.0 e-i 2.3 a-d

12 1.3 hij 6.5 f-m 5.0 f-m 1.5 g-m 8.8 c-k 20.8 a-g 5.5 b-f


Plots are dead.

28

Table 7. (Continued). Potato leafhopper adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

13 15.3 a 29.0 a 7.5 d-i 7.8 a-d 41.0 a-h 23.0 g-j

14 6.3 cde 20.8 abc 20.0 a 9.8 ab 16.8 a-e 12.3 e-j

15 3.8 d-h 8.8 e-l 11 b-f 5.0 b-g 17.5 a-e 29.0 a-d 7.7 b-h

16 2.3 hij 10.0 d-j 8.0 d-i 4.8 c-i 12.8 b-i 35.5 a 11.3 ab 10.0 a-f

17 2.3 hij 4.0 i-m 9.5 c-g 7.5 a-d 13.3 a-h 18.8 b-h 7.8 bc

18 0.3 j 6.5 i-m 4.3 g-n 1.3 j-m 7.0 d-k 13.3 e-j 6.7 c-h 6.0 b-f

19 0.8 ij 5.8 g-m 2.8 i-n 3.0 e-l 7.0 d-k 21.0 a-f 4.3 c-h 3.0 a-f

20 6.8 cd 16.0 c-f 6.3 d-k 6.5 b-f 23 a-g 13.0 ij

21 8.0 bcd 15.8 c-h 15.8 abc 6.5 b-e 16.3 b-k 16.5 ij

22 1.5 hij 6.5 f-m 3.3 i-n 1.8 i-m 4.3 h-k 11.5 e-j 6.5 b-f 1.0 ef

23 7.0 cd 5.0 i-m 2.3 j-n 6.0 c-i 15.0 a-f 24.8 a-e 6.3 b-e

24 1.3 hij 4.8 i-m 1.3 lmn 2.5 f-m 5.0 f-k 9.8 f-j 1.0 hi 0.0 f


Plots are dead.

29




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

25 1.3 hij 4.5 i-m 1.8 j-n 1.3 j-m 3.8 h-k 10.8 e-j 4.0 c-h 2.0 a-f

26 1.8 hij 4.8 i-m 0.8 n 0.8 klm 3.3 ijk 5.5 ij 4.0 c-h 3.3 a

27 1.5 hij 7.3 f-m 1.8 j-n 1.5 h-m 6.0 e-k 8.8 f-j 2.8 c-i 0.5 ef

28 3.0 f-i 4.0 j-m 3.0 h-n 0.3 lm 2.8 jk 7.3 hij 3.8 c-h 4.0 ab

29 2.0 hij 7.8 f-m 1.0 mn 0.0 m 3.0 ijk 9.5 f-j 6.0 b-f 0.3 ef

30 12.3 ab 19.8 abc 5.5 e-l 13.5 b-h 40.5 a-h 42.0 ij

31 1.0 ij 10.8 d-i 3.8 g-n 2.8 e-m 8.0 d-k 12.3 e-j 4.3 c-i 3.0 c-f

32 0.3 j 5.8 h-m 1.3 lmn 1.3 j-m 7.3 d-k 7.5 g-j 5.7 c-h 7.0 a-f

33 1.0 ij 6.0 g-m 2.8 i-n 0.0 m 4.3 g-k 9.3 f-j 5.8 b-g 6.5 abc

34 1.0 ij 3.8 klm 1.3 lmn 0.8 klm 3.5 ijk 10.8 e-j 3.3 c-i 2.0 def

35 3.3 e-i 4.0 i-m 1.5 lmn 1.5 j-m 3.5 ijk 12.3 f-j 3.8 c-h 3.3 a-d

36 1.3 hij 4.3 i-m 0.5 n 0.5 lm 2.8 jk 6.8 hij 3.8 c-h


Plots are dead.

30




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

37 0.5 ij 9.0 d-k 0.5 n 1.8 g-m 2.8 k 7.0 hij 1.3 f-i 0.7 def

38 0.5 ij 6.8 f-m 1.0 mn 0.5 klm 3.0 ijk 7.3 g-j 2.8 d-i 2.5 abc

39 1.0 ij 5.5 i-m 1.0 mn 1.3 j-m 3.0 ijk 5.5 ij 4.3 c-h 4.0 ab

40 0.5 ij 4.5 i-m 1.3 lmn 1.0 klm 5.5 f-k 8.0 g-j 4.3 c-h 2.3 a-e

41 5.8 c-g 17.5 bcd 6.8 d-j 3.5 d-k 10.8 c-k 4.5 ij 6.0 ghi

42 8.5 bcd 20.8 abc 12.0 a-e 13.5 a 18.0 a-d 15.3 c-i

43 6.3 c-f 27.8 ab 18.8 ab 7.0 b-e 21.0 abc 32.3 ab 11.7 bcd

44 8.0 bcd 15.8 c-g 9.5 c-h 6.5 b-f 11.5 b-j 12.8 d-i 6.0 d-i 5.0 b-f

45 8.3 bcd 26.0 ab 13.5 a-e 8.3 bcd 28.0 a 13.5 e-i

LSD 0.76 1.16 1.10 0.87 1.64 1.70 1.05 0.63

C.V. 28.41 27.67 35.53 33.03 40.05 36.15 38.43 34.38

F 7.583 5.721 5.655 5.234 2.559 2.523 3.458 2.445

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05). Plots are dead.

31

Table 8. Potato leafhopper nymphs sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean nymphs per plot Treatment 6 June


20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

1 0.0 a 1.8 a 50.5 abc 135.3 def 31.3 abc 27.5 e-k

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 24.0 de 85.5 cde 19 a-d 36.8 abc 59 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 ghi 0.0 j 1.3 efg 1.5 i-l 0.0 d

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.5 jkl 0.0 d

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.8 j 0.3 g 1.5 i-l 0.0 d 0.0 e

6 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.3 ghi 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.0 e

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.5 fg 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.0 e

8 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.8 hi 4.0 hij 0.8 fg 0.0 l 0.5 d 0.0 e

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 1.3 j 0.8 fg 0.8 jkl 0.0 d 0.0 e

10 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 ghi 1.0 j 0.0 g 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.0 e

11 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 hi 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.3 kl 0.0 d 0.0 e

12 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 hi 1.0 j 1.0 efg 0.8 i-l 1.5 d


Plots are dead.

32

Table 8. (Continued). Potato leafhopper nymphs sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

13 0.0 a 0.0 a 74.5 a 151.8 abc 34.5 cd 21.5 e-l

14 0.0 a 0.0 a 27.0 de 96.5 cde 25.3 ab 40.3 ab

15 0.0 a 0.0 a 9.0 fg 25.5 gh 12.8 bcd 45.3 a 25.0 c

16 0.0 a 0.0 a 6.5 ghi 6.8 hij 6.5 def 17.8 c-g 37.5 ab 44 a

17 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.8 ghi 24.3 ghi 7.8 de 22.5 a-e 22.0 bc

18 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 hi 1.8 j 1.0 efg 6.5 f-l 4.3 d 0.0 e

19 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.8 ghi 3.8 hij 1.0 efg 4.3 g-l 5.3 d 9.5 c

20 0.0 a 0.3 a 53.0 abc 198.3 a 24.3 a-d 38.5 e-j

21 0.0 a 0.0 a 64.8 ab 174 ab 24.3 a-d 26.5 e-l

22 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 2.8 hij 1.5 efg 3.8 h-l 2.8 d 2.0 de

23 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.3 fgh 2.0 j 1.0 efg 13.8 d-h 24.0 bc

24 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.0 ghi 45.0 g-j 0.0 g 0.0 l 0.0 d 3.0 d


Plots are dead.

33




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

25 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.3 g 0.0 l 0.5 d 0.0 e

26 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.0 e

27 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 ghi 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.0 e

28 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.8 jkl 0.0 d 0.0 e

29 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 hi 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.0 l 1.3 d 0.0 e

30 0.0 a 0.0 a 38 cde 153.5 efg 43.5 a-d 47 f-l

31 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 2.0 ij 0.8 fg 1.0 i-l 1.7 d 0.0 e

32 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.5 ghi 0.0 j 0.8 fg 1.5 h-l 3.3 d 0.0 e

33 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 g 1.0 i-l 2.5 d 0.5 e

34 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 i 1.3 j 0.0 g 1.3 i-l 0.0 d 0.0 e

35 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 ghi 0.0 j 0.3 g 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.0 e

36 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 ghi 0.5 j 0.8 fg 0.0 l 0.3 d


Plots are dead.

34




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

37 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.8 fg 0.0 l 1.0 d 0.0 e

38 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.5 jkl 0.0 d 0.0 e

39 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 2.0 j 1.0 efg 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.3 e

40 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 i 0.0 j 0.0 g 0.0 l 0.0 d 0.0 e

41 0.0 a 0.0 a 23.8 ef 81.5 def 23.8 abc 23 b-f 2.0 d

42 0.0 a 1.5 a 25.8 e 97.3 cde 11.8 bcd 32.8 a-d

43 0.0 a 0.0 a 26.8 de 104.5 bcd 26.5 a 22.0 b-f 23.7 c

44 0.0 a 0.0 a 34.0 cde 51.8 fg 12.8 bcd 12.3 d-i 14.0 d 14.0 b

45 0.0 a 0.0 a 41.3 bcd 114.3 bcd 25.8 a 42.0 abc

LSD 0.00 0.25 1.7 3.17 1.52 2.09 1.47 0.75

C.V. 0.00 17.34 46.58 60.07 51.6 64.09 62.76 49.26

F 0.000 1.236 13.408 12.359 6.832 5.181 6.063 1.085

Prob. (F) 1.0000 0.1800 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.3542


35

Table 9. Hopperburn ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean hopperburn per plot Treatment 6 June


20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 2.0 a 3.3 a 4.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 1.5 b 1.3 de 2.5 cd 4.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.3 jk

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.5 ijk

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.3 jk 0.0 f

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 0.3 f

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 0.0 f

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 fg 0.0 g 0.0 g 1.0 g-j 1.0 e

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.7 h-k 2.0 cd

10 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.5 ijk 1.0 e

11 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 0.3 f

12 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.3 fg 1.5 fgh


Plots are dead.

36

Table 9. (Continued). Hopperburn ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

13 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 2 a 3.5 a 3.5 ab

14 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 1.3 bc 2.8 b 2.5 cd

15 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.8 de 1.8 cd 2.3 d 3.3 abc

16 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 fg 0.8 ef 0.8 ef 2.8 bcd 4.0 a

17 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 1 cd 0.5 fg 2.0 d 2.5 cde

18 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 fg 0.0 g 1.0 e 1.7 efg 3.0 b

19 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 ef 0.0 g 0.0 g 1.3 f-i 2.5 bc

20 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 2 a 3.3 a 3.0 bc

21 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 ab 2 a 2.7 b 3.5 ab

22 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.5 efg 1.8 efg 2.0 cd

23 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 fg 0.0 g 1.0 e 2.0 def

24 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 fg 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 1.0 e


Plots are dead.

37




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

25 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.5 ijk 1.3 e

26 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 1.0 e

27 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.5 ijk 1.5 de

28 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.8 h-k 1.0 e

29 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 1.0 g-j 1.0 e

30 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 ab 1.5 b 3.5 a 3.0 bc

31 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 1.3 f-i 1.0 e

32 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 1.7 efg 3.0 b

33 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 1.8 efg 2.0 cd

34 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.5 ijk 1.0 e

35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 0.3 f

36 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 1.5 fgh


Plots are dead.

38




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

37 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.3 jk 0.3 f

38 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 0.0 f

39 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.5 ijk 0.3 f

40 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 g 0.0 k 0.0 f

41 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 ab 1.0 cd 1.5 d 3.0 bc 2.0 def

42 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 1.5 b 2.3 bc 3.5 ab

43 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 ab 1.5 b 2.3 bc 2.5 cd 3.3 abc

44 0.0 a 0.0 a 0 c 1.3 bc 0.8 ef 2.0 d 3.5 ab 3.0 b

45 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 2.0 a 3.8 a 3.8 a

LSD 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.40 0.51 0.71 0.90 0.66

C.V. 0.00 0.00 309.07 55.43 48.63 51.09 55.21 36.29

F 0.000 0.000 1.788 26.607 46.509 30.09 12.469 23.32

Prob. (F) 1.0000 1.0000 0.0062 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001


39

Table 9. Aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per plot Treatment 6 June


20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

1 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.5 a 1.0 bc 1.0 bc 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.0 a 1.3 ab 1.3 ab 1.0 a 0.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 ab 1.0 ab 0.3 a 0.0 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.5 a 0.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.3 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.3 bc 0.5 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

9 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

10 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

11 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

12 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 bc 0.3 bc 0.8 a 0.0 a


Plots are dead.

40

Table 9. (Continued). Aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

13 0.0 a 1.3 a 1.8 a 0.3 bc 0.3 bc 0.0 a

14 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 abc 1.0 abc 0.0 a

15 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 bc 0.3 bc 0.3 a 0.0 a

16 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

17 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a

18 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

19 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

20 0.0 a 0.5 a 1.0 a 0.8 bc 0.8 bc 0.5 a

21 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.8 a 1.3 ab 1.3 ab 0.0 a

22 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

23 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.8 bc 0.8 bc 0.5 a 0.0 a

24 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.3 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


Plots are dead.

41




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

25 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

26 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

27 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.3 bc 0.3 bc 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

28 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

29 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

30 0.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.0 a

31 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

32 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

33 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

34 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

36 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.8 a 0.0 a


Plots are dead.

42




20 June (57 dap)

26 June (63 dap)

4 July (71 dap)

9 July (76 dap)

17 July (84 dap)

24 July (91 dap)

37 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

38 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

39 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

40 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

41 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.3 a 0.5 bc 0.5 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a

42 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 bc 1.0 bc 0.0 a

43 0.0 a 0.5 a 1.0 a 0.8 bc 0.8 bc 0.3 a 0.0 a

44 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.3 a 1.3 ab 1.3 ab 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

45 0.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 a 2.0 a 2.0 a 0.3 a

LSD 0.04 0.29 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.06 0.00

C.V. 3.08 19.14 21.29 22.46 22.46 23.01 4.36 0.00

F 1.000 1.457 1.429 1.598 1.598 0.863 0.970 0.000

Prob. (F) 0.4837 0.0535 0.0633 0.0222 0.0222 0.7079 0.5329 1.0000


43

Table 10. Plant stands at emergence of Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Treatment Rate Placement Plant stands (per 20’)

1-Untreated --- --- 20.0 a

2-Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 20.0 a

3-V10170 2.13SL 0.3 fl oz/cwt Seed

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 15.8 f


Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 20.0 a


Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 19.0 a-e


Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 19.5 abc

7-V10170 2.32SC 0.8 fl oz/cwt Seed

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 19.3 a-d

8-Cruiser 5FS 0.13 fl oz/cwt Seed


9-Cruiser 5FS 0.16 fl oz/cwt Seed

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 17.5 e

10-Poncho 5L 0.16 fl oz/cwt Seed

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 19.5 abc

11-Poncho 5L 0.32 fl oz/cwt Seed

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 19.8 ab

12-Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.26 fl oz/cwt Seed

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 19.3 a-d


44

Table 10. (Continued). Plant stands at emergence of Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


13-Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 19.5 a-d 14-NEI-25050 0.15 fl oz/cwt Seed

Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 19.0 a-e

15-NEI-25050 0.3 fl oz/cwt Seed

Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 19.8 ab


Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 20.0 a


NEI-21901 0.068 fl oz/cwt Seed

Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed

20.0 a




20.0 a




19.0 a-e

20-NEI-21901 7 fl oz/a Furrow

Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 19.5 abc

21-Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 19.5 abc

22-Tops MZ Gaucho 1.25DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 19.8 ab

23-Assail 30WG 4 oz/a Foliar



45



24-A9549 75WG 1.68 oz/a Furrow






27-Platinum 2SL 5 fl oz/a Furrow


28-Platinum 2SL 6.5 fl oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 19.8 ab

29-Platinum 2SL 8 fl oz/a Furrow


30-Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 19.0 a-e

31-Admire Pro 4.6SC 5.7 fl oz/a Furrow

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 19.0 a-e

32-Admire Pro 4.6SC 7 fl oz/a Furrow

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 18.8 a-e

33-Admire Pro 4.6SC 8.5 fl oz/a Furrow

Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 18.0 cde


46



34-Belay 16WG 12.5 oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 17.8 de

35-Belay 16WG 18 oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 18.3 b-e

36-V10170 50WG 1.9 oz/a Furrow






39-V10170 50WG 12.8 oz/a Furrow

Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 19.8 ab

40-V10170 2.13SL 11.9 fl oz/a Furrow


44-Regent 4SC 3.2 fl oz/a Furrow


45-Untreated --- --- 18.5 a-e


47

Table 11. Yields from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Percent grade Treatment Rate Placement A B and cull Yield (cwt/a)

1-Untreated --- --- 27.7 i-m 72.3 a-e 26.8 st

2-Maxim 4FS 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 40.5 d-k 59.5 c-j 62.2 m-r 3-V10170 2.13SL

Maxim 4FS 0.3 fl oz/cwt

0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 55.1 b-g 44.9 g-l 90.1 h-n

4-V10170 2.13SL Maxim 4FS

0.4 fl oz/cwt 0.04 fl oz/cwt

Seed 47.4 b-i 52.6 e-l 118.0 b-h


0.5 fl oz/cwt 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 62.0 bcd 38.0 jkl 116.5 b-h


0.6 fl oz/cwt 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 61.3 b-e 38.7 i-l 139.3 abc

7-V10170 2.32SC Maxim 4FS

0.8 fl oz/cwt 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 60.0 b-e 40.0 i-l 141.7 abc

8-Cruiser 5FS Maxim 4FS

0.13 fl oz/cwt 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 61.2 b-e 38.8 i-l 96.1 g-l

9-Cruiser 5FS Maxim 4FS

0.16 fl oz/cwt 0.04 fl oz/cwt Seed 49.4 b-i 50.6 e-l 101.4 e-j

10-Poncho 5L Tops MZ 8.5DS

0.16 fl oz/cwt 12 oz/cwt Seed 50.8 b-h 49.2 f-l 114.8 b-h

11-Poncho 5L Tops MZ 8.5DS

0.32 fl oz/cwt 12 oz/cwt Seed 65.5 bc 34.5 kl 144.5 ab


48

Table 11. (Continued). Yields from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


12-Admire Pro 4.6SC Tops MZ 8.5DS

0.26 fl oz/cwt 12 oz/cwt Seed 48.8 b-i 51.2 e-l 90.3 h-n

13-Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 5.0 m 95.0 a 17.3 t 14-NEI-25050

Moncoat 7.5DS 0.15 fl oz/cwt

16 oz/cwt Seed 22.0 klm 78.0 abc 38.9 q-t

15-NEI-25050 Moncoat 7.5DS

0.3 fl oz/cwt 16 oz/cwt Seed 38.3 e-l 61.7 b-i 60.9 n-r


0.45 fl oz/cwt 16 oz/cwt Seed 40.6 d-k 59.4 c-j 63.9 l-r

17-NEI-25050 NEI-21901 Moncoat 7.5DS


16 oz/cwt Seed 49.2 b-i 50.8 e-l 54.8 o-s



16 oz/cwt Seed 50.7 b-h 49.3 f-l 72.2 j-p



16 oz/cwt Seed 49.7 b-i 50.3 e-l 97.9 f-j


7 fl oz/a 16 oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 39.7 d-k 60.3 c-j 34.3 q-t

21-Moncoat 7.5DS 16 oz/cwt Seed 16.5 lm 83.5 ab 34.3 q-t

22-Tops MZ Gaucho 1.25DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 44.4 b-k 55.6 c-l 103.9 d-j 23-Assail 30WG

Maxim 4FS 4 oz/a

0.04 fl oz/cwt Foliar Seed 45.3 b-j 54.7 d-l 97.3 g-k


49



24-A9549 75WG Maxim 4FS

1.68 oz/a 0.04 fl oz/cwt

Furrow Seed



Furrow Seed 60.4 b-e 39.6 i-l 130.3 a-f



Furrow Seed 57.3 b-f 42.7 h-l 134.8 a-d

27-Platinum 2SL Maxim 4FS

5 fl oz/a 0.04 fl oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 58.0 b-e 42.0 i-l 125.4 a-g


6.5 fl oz/a 0.04 fl oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 61.2 b-e 38.8 i-l 118.3 b-h


8 fl oz/a 0.04 fl oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 54.9 b-g 45.1 g-l 118.1 b-h

30-Tops MZ 8.5DS 12 oz/cwt Seed 22.5 j-m 77.5 a-d 28.0 st 31-Admire Pro 4.6SC

Tops MZ 8.5DS 5.7 fl oz/a 12 oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 48.2 b-i 51.8 e-l 105.6 d-i


7.0 fl oz/a 12 oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 61.6 bcd 38.4 jkl 100.1 e-j


8.5 fl oz/a 12 oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 61.7 bcd 38.3 jkl 103.2 d-j

34-Belay 16WG Maxim 4FS


Furrow Seed 55.6 b-g 44.4 g-l 123.7 a-g



Furrow Seed 60.5 b-e 39.5 i-l 131.9 a-e

(continued) Error in grading, missing data.


50





Furrow Seed 49.6 b-i 50.4 e-l 94.3 g-m



Furrow Seed 51.7 b-h 48.3 f-l 109.0 c-i



Furrow Seed 66.5 b 33.5 l 154.8 a



Furrow Seed 60.5 b-e 39.5 i-l 115.3 b-h

40-Belay 2.13SL Maxim 4FS


Furrow Seed 66.9 b 33.1 l 151.7 a

44-Regent 4SC Maxim 4FS

3.2 fl oz/a 0.04 fl oz/cwt

Furrow Seed 42.9 c-k 57.1 c-k 81.2 i-o

45-Untreated --- --- 31.5 h-l 68.5 b-f 31.9 rst

LSD 23 23.01 32.79

C.V. 33.67 32.09 25.77

F 4.121 4.121 10.715

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001


Part 2. Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides. A. General Insect Control with Conventional Insecticides, Arlington.

Potato leafhoppers are considered a key insect pest on potatoes in Wisconsin from early June through August. Adult leafhoppers migrate into Wisconsin on strong southerly winds and storm fronts during late May and early June. Eggs hatch within 7-9 days after oviposition, depending on climate and leafhopper nymphs undergo five immature stages each lasting approximately 4-6 days. Potato leafhoppers have few natural enemies and can be difficult to manage due to their mobility. Historically, insecticide use has been the best option to reduce leafhopper populations on potatoes.

Experimental and registered foliar insecticides were evaluated for efficacy on potato leafhoppers, tarnished plant bugs, potato flea beetles and aphids. The study was initiated when potato leafhopper populations reached extremely high potato leafhopper adult (15.9 adults per 25 sweep) and nymph (70.1 nymphs per 25 leaves) numbers.

Superior variety potatoes were planted on 19 April 2007 into plots consisting of 2 x 50’ rows, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Rows were planted on 3’ centers with 12 inch plant spacing. Replicates were separated by 15’ alleyways. Dual II magnum at 1.5 pint product per acre and Spartan at 4 oz product per acre were applied post hilling on 10 May 2007 for weed control. Hand weeding provided additional weed control.

Six registered and eight experimental insecticides were evaluated and applied at the following rates.

Registered: Leverage 2.67F (3.75 oz/a) Actara 25WG (2.97 oz/a)

Experimental:

Volian Xpress 2.09SC (4.1, 5.5, 6.84 and 8.2 oz/a) Warrior 1CS (3.2 oz./a) Endigo 2SC (2.55 and 3.0 oz/a) Volian Flexi 40WG (1.78, 3.57, 5.35 and 7.14 oz/a) Beleaf 50SG (2.0 and 3.0 oz/a) Coragen 35WG (2.0 and 3.0 oz/a) Coragen 2SC (3.38 and 5.07 oz/a)

A single application of test materials was applied 21 June 2007. All materials were applied with a tractor mounted, compressed air, boom sprayer operating at 40 psi, delivering 24.27 gpa through four flat fan nozzles (8004VS XR) spaced at 18”.

Treatments were evaluated at 1, 7, 12 and 22 days after application (21 June 2007). Insect populations were monitored using sweep net and leaf sample techniques. Sweep net samples are comprised of 25 sweeps taken from each plot and leaf samples include 25 leaves taken from each plot. Sweep sampling is

51

used to collect potato leafhopper adults, tarnished plant bug adults, and flea beetle adults. Leaf samples are used to collect potato leafhopper nymphs and aphids. Plots were not harvested for yield.

52

Table 1. Potato leafhopper adults sampled from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 25 sweeps Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 13.8 cd 8.5 c-j 24.0 a-g 31.0 b-k Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 4.3 fgh 8.8 c-j 10.0 c-j 31.0 b-k Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 2.0 gh 6.5 f-l 16.0 a-j 29.3 b-k Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 2.3 gh 5.0 h-m 9.3 d-j 24.0 c-k Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 2.8 gh 4.0 j-m 12.0 e-j 28 b-k Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 2.3 gh 6.0 g-l 10.0 d-j 27 d-k Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 1.3 h 5.0 h-m 6.0 f-j 18 h-k Endigo 2SC 2.55 2.5 gh 5.5 g-l 5.5 g-j 35.5 b-j Endigo 2SC 3.0 1.0 h 3.0 lm 5.3 g-j 16.3 jk Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 1.3 h 6.5 f-l 6.5 f-j 18.8 g-k Endigo 2SC 3.0 1.3 h 3.3 klm 4.3 ij 12.8 k Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 3.0 gh 7.3 e-l 6.8 g-j 20.5 e-k Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 2.5 gh 4.5 i-m 5.0 hij 18.8 ijk Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 2.5 gh 7.8 e-l 18.8 b-j 20.8 e-k Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 2.0 gh 6.3 f-l 3.5 j 19.5 f-k Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 2.8 gh 7.5 d-k 4.8 hij 15.5 jk Beleaf 50SG 2.0 9.8 c-f 9.3 c-j 9.8 c-j 40.5 a-e Beleaf 50SG 3.0 11.5 c-f 12.5 a-f 28.3 abc 50.5 ab Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 2.0 gh 1.5 m 5.3 g-j 17.0 jk

Coragen 35WG 2.0 11.8 c-f 12.3 a-f 13.5 a-j 37.5 a-h Coragen 35WG 3.0 7.5 d-g 14.3 a-d 19.5 a-h 43 a-d Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 29.5 a 19.5 a 38.5 a 49.3 abc Coragen 2SC 3.38 19.3 abc 12.8 a-f 25.5 a-d 59.3 a Coragen 2SC 5.07 20.3 abc 17.5 ab 23.3 a-f 44.5 abc Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.07 20.5 a-d 16.3 abc 42.5 ab 60.3 a LSD 1.25 0.99 2.09 1.87 S.D. 0.89 0.71 1.5 1.33 C.V. 30.79 22.63 39.97 23.24 F 7.71 4.262 2.159 3.427 Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0016 0.0001 Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05). NIS added at 0.25% v/v.

53

Table 2. Potato leafhopper nymphs sampled from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean nymphs per 25 leaves Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 70.5 abc 25.0 a-d 48.5 a-e 21.0 abc Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 2.3 h 6.3 g-l 10.0 ghi 10.8 c-g Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 5.0 h 8.3 e-l 6.5 ij 6.0 d-h Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 6.8 h 5.3 i-l 8.8 hij 6.3 d-h Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 3.5 h 5.8 h-l 4.8 ij 6.8 d-h Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 2.0 h 3.3 kl 11.5 hij 6.8 e-h Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 3.3 h 4.3 i-l 1.8 ij 5.5 fgh Endigo 2SC 2.55 2.0 h 2.3 l 2.5 ij 3.8 gh Endigo 2SC 3.0 6.5 h 5.8 h-l 2.5 ij 2.8 gh Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 4.5 h 3.8 jkl 1.8 ij 6.3 d-h Endigo 2SC 3.0 2.3 h 2.0 l 2.0 ij 2.5 gh Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 25.5 g 9.3 e-l 1.5 ij 1.5 h Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 30.8 fg 14.0 d-j 3.0 ij 3.5 gh Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 31.0 fg 7.0 f-l 4.0 ij 2.8 gh Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 38.3 efg 8.0 e-l 0.8 j 3.0 gh Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 29.5 fg 5.3 i-l 1.8 ij 3.8 gh Beleaf 50SG 2.0 44.3 d-g 13.3 d-k 24.8 efg 20.8 abc Beleaf 50SG 3.0 71.8 abc 20.3 a-f 37.8 a-f 22.0 abc Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 1.8 h 2.8 l 1.5 ij 3.0 gh

Coragen 35WG 2.0 63.0 a-d 16.0 c-h 48.8 a-e 19.0 abc Coragen 35WG 3.0 49.5 c-f 18.8 a-g 28.3 c-f 16.5 b-e Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 77.8 abc 35.3 a 69.5 a 16.0 b-f Coragen 2SC 3.38 61.5 a-d 17.8 a-g 42.8 a-f 20.8 abc Coragen 2SC 5.07 63.8 a-d 23.0 a-d 53.5 ab 26.5 ab Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.07 57.0 a-e 43.3 abc 56.3 abc 24.0 abc LSD 1.6 1.68 1.88 1.6 S.D. 1.14 1.2 1.34 1.14 C.V. 19.67 32.74 30.6 33.48 F 23.708 4.417 11.963 4.434 Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05). NIS added at 0.25% v/v.

54

Table 3. Hopperburn ratings from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean hopperburn per plot Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 0.3 b 1.0 a 1.8 b-f 3.8 ab Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.3 def 2.8 cde Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.5 c-f 2.8 cde Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.0 ef 2.8 cde Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.5 c-f 1.8 f Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.5 c-f 2.3 def Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 0.0 b 1.0 a 0.8 f 1.5 f Endigo 2SC 2.55 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.0 ef 2.0 ef Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.8 b-f 1.8 f Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.3 def 1.5 f Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.5 c-f 1.5 f Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.0 ef 1.8 f Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.3 def 2.0 ef Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.5 c-f 2.3 def Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.3 def 1.8 f Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.8 b-f 1.8 f Beleaf 50SG 2.0 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.5 c-f 3.5 abc Beleaf 50SG 3.0 0.0 b 1.0 a 2.5 abc 3.3 abc Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.3 def 1.5 f

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.3 b 1.0 a 1.8 b-f 4.0 a Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.0 b 1.0 a 1.8 b-f 4.0 a Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 0.0 b 1.0 a 2.8 ab 4.0 a Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.0 b 1.0 a 2.5 abc 4.0 a Coragen 2SC 5.07 0.0 b 1.0 a 2.8 ab 4.0 a Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.07 0.3 b 1.3 a 2.8 ab 4.0 a LSD 0.28 0.17 1.01 0.83 S.D. 0.20 0.12 0.72 0.60 C.V. 355.71 11.84 40.43 20.36 F 2.166 0.961 2.728 10.863 Prob. (F) 0.0016 0.5373 0.0001 0.0001 Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05). NIS added at 0.25% v/v.

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Table 4. Aphids sampled from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per 25 sweeps Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 0.0 a 1.0 abc 2.0 b-f 0 c Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 ef 0.5 bc Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.5 def 0.0 c Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 def 0.0 c Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 0.0 a 1.3 ab 0.3 ef 0.0 c Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.5 def 0.0 c Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.3 ef 0.0 c Endigo 2SC 2.55 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.0 f 0.5 bc Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 c Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 ef 0.0 c Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.5 def 0.3 bc Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.8 c-f 0.0 c Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 0.0 a 1.0 abc 0.3 ef 0.0 c Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 0.5 a 0.0 c 0.3 ef 0.0 c Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 def 0.0 c Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 ef 0.0 c Beleaf 50SG 2.0 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 ef 0.0 c Beleaf 50SG 3.0 1.5 a 0.0 c 1.0 c-f 0.0 c Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 0.5 a 0.3 bc 0.5 def 0.0 c

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.0 a 0.5 bc 0.8 c-f 0.0 c Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.5 a 0.5 abc 0.3 ef 0.0 c Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 0.3 a 1.3 ab 2.3 b-e 0.5 bc Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.0 a 0.0 c 1.3 c-f 0.0 c Coragen 2SC 5.07 0.3 a 1.3 ab 2.0 b-f 0.0 c Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.07 1.8 a 0.0 c 1.0 c-f 0.0 c LSD 0.45 0.41 0.71 0.24 S.D. 0.32 0.29 0.51 0.17 C.V. 27.91 25.09 36.52 16.34 F 1.162 1.838 2.566 1.741 Prob. (F) 0.2789 0.0104 0.0001 0.0177 Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05). NIS added at 0.25% v/v.

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Table 5. Tarnished plant bugs sampled from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean plant bugs per 25 sweeps Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 0.0 a 2.3 a 0.3 a 1.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 0.8 a 0.5 a 0.8 a 0.8 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 0.5 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 0.3 a 0.5 a 2.0 a 1.3 a Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 2.0 a Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.3 a 0.8 a Endigo 2SC 2.55 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 1.0 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.8 a Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.5 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 0.5 a 0.8 a 0.5 a 0.5 a Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.8 a Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 2.0 a 0.5 a 2.3 a 0.8 a Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 a Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 1.3 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 1.3 a Beleaf 50SG 2.0 1.5 a 1.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 a Beleaf 50SG 3.0 0.3 a 0.5 a 2.3 a 1.5 a Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 0.3 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 1.5 a

Coragen 35WG 2.0 1.3 a 0.3 a 0.8 a 2.0 a Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 a Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 0.3 a 1.0 a 1.5 a 0.3 a Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.3 a 0.8 a 0.5 a 0.3 a Coragen 2SC 5.07 1.8 a 0.3 a 1.8 a 2.3 a Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.07 1.3 a 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.8 a LSD 0.5 0.47 0.58 0.52 S.D. 0.36 0.33 0.42 0.37 C.V. 29.24 27.64 33.22 28.03 F 1.033 0.985 0.878 1.256 Prob. (F) 0.4361 0.5025 0.6597 0.1916 Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05). NIS added at 0.25% v/v.

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Table 6. Flea beetle adults sampled from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 25 sweeps Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 0.8 a 0 a 0.3 a 1.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 0.5 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 1.8 a Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.5 a Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 1.0 a Endigo 2SC 2.55 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.5 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.8 a Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.3 a Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 1.8 a Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 0.3 a 0.3 a 1.3 a 3.8 a Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 1.3 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.3 a Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.5 a Beleaf 50SG 2.0 0.5 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Beleaf 50SG 3.0 1.8 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.8 a Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.3 a 1.3 a 0 a 0.3 a Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.3 a 0.0 a 0 a 0.5 a Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 0.0 a 1.5 a 0 a 1.3 a Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 a Coragen 2SC 5.07 1.5 a 1.0 a 1.0 a 0.5 a Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.07 2.5 a 0.5 a 1.3 a 0.3 a LSD 0.51 0.37 0.39 0.73 S.D. 0.36 0.26 0.28 0.52 C.V. 30.07 23.91 24.34 41.83 F 1.040 1.002 1.267 0.538 Prob. (F) 0.4265 0.478 0.183 0.9792 Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05). NIS added at 0.25% v/v.

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Table 7. Green peach aphids sampled from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per 25 leaves Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 0.5 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a Endigo 2SC 2.55 0.0 a 0.3 a 0 a 1.0 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Beleaf 50SG 2.0 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Beleaf 50SG 3.0 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 0.0 a 2.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


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Table 8. Potato aphids sampled from Superior variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per 25 leaves Treatment Rate (oz/A) 22 June 22 June 3 July 13 July

Untreated --- 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 4.1 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 5.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 6.84 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Xpress 2.09 + NIS 8.2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Warrior 1CS+ NIS 3.2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Leverage 2.7SC+ NIS 3.75 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Endigo 2SC 2.55 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Endigo 2SC + NIS 3.0 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a Endigo 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Actara 25WG + NIS 2.97 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 1.78 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 3.57 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 5.35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Volian Flexi 40WG 7.14 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Beleaf 50SG 2.0 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a Beleaf 50SG 3.0 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a Beleaf 50SG + Mustang Max 0.8EC 2 + 2.5 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


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Part 2. Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides. B. Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticides –

Arlington 2007. Colorado potato beetles are considered a key insect pest of potatoes in

Wisconsin. Colorado potato beetles overwinter in and around potato fields, typically emerging during late May and early June depending on seasonal temperatures. Colorado potato beetles have a history of rapidly developing resistance to insecticides and they can be difficult to control. Integrated pest management practices for Colorado potato beetles target the larval stages and more specifically the small (1st and 2nd instar) larvae. First generation larval numbers peak in Wisconsin during mid to late June.

In a study conducted at the Entomology Research Farm, Arlington, Wisconsin, experimental and registered foliar insecticides were evaluated for efficacy on all life stages of Colorado potato beetle.

Superior variety potatoes were planted on 20 April 2007 into two 30’ row plots, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. All plots were separated by 15’ of cultivated alleyway and replicates were 15’ apart. Spartan (sulfentrazone) at 4 ounces product per acre (oz. pr./a) and Dual II Magnum (metolachlor) at 1.5 pints product per acre (pt. pr./a) was applied post hilling on 10 May for weed control. Hand weeding provided additional weed control.

Orthene 97 (acephate) at the rate of 1 pound product per acre (lb. pr./a) was applied on 19, 28 June, and 5 July for potato leafhopper adult control.

Thirteen registered and six experimental insecticides were evaluated at the following rates:

Registered: Belay 50WG (Clutch and V10170) (0.094, 0.125, 0.0154, 0.031, 0.0463 lb. a.i./a) Venom 20SG (0.066 lb. a.i./a) Agrimek 0.15EC (0.0094 and 0.014 lb. a.i./a) Actara 25WG (0.0234 and 0.047 lb. a.i./a) Leverage 2.7SE (0.079 lb. a.i./a) Asana 0.66E (0.05 lb. a.i./a) Spintor 2SC (0.07 and 0.094 lb. a.i./a) Rimon 0.83EC (0.0584, and 0.078 lb. a.i./a) Assail 30WG (0.0506 lb. a.i./a) Thiodan 3EC (0.332 lb. a.i./a) Imidan 50WP (0.665 lb. a.i./a) Radiant 1SC (0.0234, 0.035, and 0.047) Vydate L (0.5 lb. a.i./a)

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Experimental: A13623 2.06SC (Endigo) (0.044 and 0.0644 lb. a.i./a) A15645 40WG (Volian flexi) (0.112, 0.089, 0.134, 0.178 lb. a.i./a) A15635 2SC (0.0223, 0.0267, 0.0358, 0.0446, 0.0537, 0.067, 0.0895 lb. a.i./a) Warrior 1CS (0.0223 and 0.025 lb. a.i./a) Coragen 35WG (0.044, and 0.066 lb. a.i./a) Coragen 2SC (0.044, and 0.066 lb. a.i./a)

All materials were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 30 psi,

delivering 25 gpa through four flat fan nozzles (8004VS XR) spaced at 18”. Insecticides were applied on 13 June 2007 for first generation Colorado potato

beetle (CPB) larval efficacy. First generation CPB efficacy was evaluated at 2, 7, 12, 19 and 27 days after the first insecticide application (13 June). CPB populations were monitored with plant counts. All life stages of the CPB (adults, eggs, small and large larvae) were counted on ten randomly chosen plants per plot.

Plant foliage was rated for defoliation on each survey date from 15 June through 11 July. The study was not harvested for yield due to the low insect pressure.

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Table 1. Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 10 plants Treatment Rate

(oz/a) 15 June 20 June 25 June 3 July 11 July

Clutch 50WG 3.0 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 6.3 c-h 32.3 a

Clutch 50WG 4.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.8 fgh 22.5 a

Venom 70SG 3.5 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.5 e-h 24.3 a

V10170 50WG 0.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 9.0 c-h 62.0 a

V10170 50WG 1.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 2.3 e-h 67.8 a

V10170 50WG 1.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 2.3 d-h 108.5 a

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 gh 47.0 a

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 3.5 c-h 30.3 a

Untreated --- 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 6.3 c-h 35.3 a

Assail 30WG 2.7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 11.0 c-h 48.5 a

Actara 50WG 1.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.0 d-h 70.5 a

Actara 50WG1 3.0 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 23.8 b 31.3 a

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(Continued) Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05). All treatments applied 13 June. 1NIS added at 0.25% v/v, *applied at 5 gallons per acre.

Table 1. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.



Radiant 1SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 4.5 c-h 15.5 a

Radiant 1SC 4.5 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 gh 16.5 a

Radiant 1SC 6.0 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 2.8 e-h 36.0 a

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 23.8 bc 48.0 a

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 e-h 53.0 a

A15645 40WG1 1.78 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 e-h 13.3 a

A15645 40WG1 3.57 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 gh 14.3 a

A15645 40WG1 5.35 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 e-h 17.8 a

A15645 40WG1 7.14 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 gh 4.8 a

A15365 2SC1 1.37 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 3.0 e-h 22.5 a

A15365 2SC1 1.64 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 3.0 c-h 37.3 a

A15365 2SC1 2.2 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 fgh 31.0 a

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A15365 2SC1 2.74 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.8 e-h 23.3 a

A15365 2SC1 3.3 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 1.5 e-h 15.0 a

A15365 2SC1 4.1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 gh 26.0 a

A15365 2SC1 5.5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.5 d-h 22.8 a

Untreated --- 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 50.8 a 24.3 a

Warrior 1CS 2.85 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 e-h 25.3 a

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.5 d-h 43.3 a

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.5 d-h 44.8 a

Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.8 a 2.0 e-h 29.0 a

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 15.3 b-h 20.5 a

Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 e-h 21.8 a

Coragen 2SC 5.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 1.5 e-h 18.8 a

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.5 gh 26.8 a

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A13623 2SC 2.55 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 fgh 22.3 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.8 e-h 13.8 a

A13623 2SC1 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 gh 19.8 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 h 16.0 a

A15397 2SC1 4.1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 e-h 5.8 a

A15397 2SC1 5.5 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.5 d-h 21.8 a

A15397 2SC1 6.84 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 4.0 c-h 11.5 a

A15397 2SC1 8.2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 9.8 b-g 32.0 a

Untreated --- 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 63.8 a 13.0 a

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 a 8.0 c-h 43.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 19.5 bcd 16.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 13.0 b-e 19.8 a

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 10.5 c-h 15.8 a

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Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 5.3 c-h 22.0 a

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 7.8 c-h 37.8 a

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.0 e-h 22.8 a

Spintor 2SC 4.0 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.3 e-h 28.0 a

Spintor 2SC 6.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.0 c-h 25.8 a

Untreated --- 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 56.5 a 22.3 a

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 12.3 b-f 68.3 a

LSD 0.17 0.13 0.24 1.96 3.71

S.D. 0.12 0.10 0.17 1.40 2.65

C.V. 11.61 9.36 16.44 65.65 53.66

F 0.989 1.225 0.806 4.207 1.092

Prob. (F) 0.5062 0.1581 0.8305 0.0001 0.3251

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Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05). All treatments applied 13 June. 1NIS added at 0.25% v/v, *applied at 5 gallons per acre.

Table 2. Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean masses per 10 plants Treatment Rate


Clutch 50WG 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 bc 1.0 a

Clutch 50WG 4.0 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Venom 70SG 3.5 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 a

V10170 50WG 0.5 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 c 0.5 a

V10170 50WG 1.0 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 bc 0.5 a

V10170 50WG 1.5 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

V10170 50WG* 1.0 3.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.8 a

Untreated --- 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 b 0.0 a

Assail 30WG 2.7 3.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Actara 50WG 1.5 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

Actara 50WG1 3.0 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

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Table 2. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.



Radiant 1SC 3.0 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Radiant 1SC 4.5 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.0 a

Radiant 1SC 6.0 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.5 a

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

A15645 40WG1 1.78 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.8 a

A15645 40WG1 3.57 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 a

A15645 40WG1 5.35 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

A15645 40WG1 7.14 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 1.37 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

A15365 2SC1 1.64 2.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 bc 0.8 a

A15365 2SC1 2.2 0.8 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

69





A15365 2SC1 2.74 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 3.3 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 4.1 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

A15365 2SC1 5.5 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 1.0 a

Untreated --- 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Warrior 1CS 2.85 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 bc 0.8 a

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.3 a

Coragen 35WG 2.0 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG 3.0 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.8 a

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.3 a

Coragen 2SC 5.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.3 bc 1.0 a

70





A13623 2SC 2.55 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 a

A13623 2SC1 3.0 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.5 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.8 a

A15397 2SC1 4.1 3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

A15397 2SC1 5.5 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.8 a

A15397 2SC1 6.84 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.8 a

A15397 2SC1 8.2 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.8 a

Untreated --- 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 1 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 0.8 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.8 a

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 a

71



Mean egg masses per 10 plants Treatment Rate


Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 0.8 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 a

Spintor 2SC 4.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Spintor 2SC 6.0 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

Untreated --- 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 a

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.8 a

LSD 0.62 0.09 0.18 0.17 0.36

S.D. 0.44 0.07 0.13 0.12 0.26

C.V. 32.15 6.52 12.10 11.59 23.08

F 1.068 0.903 0.962 1.493 0.818

Prob. (F) 0.364 0.6692 0.5574 0.024 0.8137

72


Table 3. Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean larvae per 10 plants Treatment Rate


Clutch 50WG 3.0 6.8 d-n 0.0 f 2.5 cd 0.0 a 5.3 a

Clutch 50WG 4.0 2.0 k-o 0.3 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Venom 70SG 3.5 5.3 d-o 1.0 f 2.5 bcd 1.5 a 7.5 a

V10170 50WG 0.5 1.0 mno 1.5 f 6.0 bcd 0.3 a 2.5 a

V10170 50WG 1.0 3.8 g-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 6.8 a

V10170 50WG 1.5 2.5 h-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 2.5 a

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.8 mno 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 4.3 a

V10170 50WG* 1.5 2.3 j-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 3.8 a

Untreated --- 10.3 c-h 0.0 f 0.5 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Assail 30WG 2.7 9.0 c-k 0.8 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Actara 50WG 1.5 8.3 c-l 0.0 f 0.0 d 1.0 a 0.0 a

Actara 50WG1 3.0 33.5 ab 15.8 a 26.3 a 4.3 a 0.0 a

73


Table 3. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.



Radiant 1SC 3.0 5.3 d-o 0.0 f 4.5 bcd 0.8 a 0.0 a

Radiant 1SC 4.5 7.3 c-m 0.8 f 1.0 d 0.8 a 1.3 a

Radiant 1SC 6.0 5.3 d-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 4.3 d-o 3.5 c-f 8.0 b 3.3 a 0.0 a

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 1.3 l-o 9.0 bc 33.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 40WG1 1.78 4.5 d-o 0.5 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.8 a

A15645 40WG1 3.57 5.0 d-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 40WG1 5.35 4.8 d-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 40WG1 7.14 4.0 e-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 1.37 11.5 c-f 2.5 ef 1.3 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 1.64 11.8 c-h 0.0 f 1.3 d 1.0 a 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 2.2 7.0 c-m 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

74



Mean small larvae per 10 plants Treatment Rate


A15365 2SC1 2.74 16.0 bc 0.8 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 3.3 9.5 c-h 0.5 f 0.8 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 4.1 11.8 cd 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15365 2SC1 5.5 7.8 c-k 0.0 f 1.0 d 0.5 a 0.0 a

Untreated --- 35.5 a 7.0 b-e 26.5 a 0.8 a 0.0 a

Warrior 1CS 2.85 5.8 d-o 0.8 f 1.0 d 0.5 a 5.0 a

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 2.0 k-o 2.3 ef 2.8 bcd 2.0 a 4.3 a

Coragen 35WG 2.0 9.8 c-g 1.0 f 1.5 cd 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG 3.0 9.3 c-k 0.5 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 5.0 a

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 13.0 cde 2.3 ef 10.8 bc 0.8 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.0 o 0.5 f 4.0 bcd 0.0 a 1.3 a

Coragen 2SC 5.0 11.8 cd 3.8 def 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 10.0 c-h 1.3 f 0.8 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

75





A13623 2SC 2.55 2.0 k-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 o 0.8 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A13623 2SC1 3.0 2.3 j-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 2.3 i-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15397 2SC1 4.1 1.8 j-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15397 2SC1 5.5 3.3 g-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 2.5 a 0.0 a

A15397 2SC1 6.84 0.3 no 0.0 f 0.8 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15397 2SC1 8.2 2.5 h-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Untreated --- 15.8 bc 8.8 bcd 20.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 2.3 j-o 0.0 f 1.8 cd 0.0 a 1.3 a

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 5.5 d-o 0.8 f 1.5 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 10.5 c-g 1.8 f 1.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 8.8 c-j 0.5 f 0.5 d 6.5 a 1.3 a

76





Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 9.3 c-i 0.0 f 0.5 d 0.0 a 1.0 a

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 1.0 mno 0.5 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 0.0 a

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 1.8 j-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 1.0 a 2.8 a

Spintor 2SC 4.0 4.0 d-o 0.0 f 3.8 bcd 0.0 a 3.8 a

Spintor 2SC 6.0 4.8 d-o 0.0 f 0.0 d 0.0 a 2.0 a

Untreated --- 25.5 ab 11.3 ab 24.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 3.3 f-o 0.0 f 1.3 d 1.3 a 0.0 a

LSD 1.45 0.9 1.18 0.64 1.02

S.D. 1.03 0.64 0.85 0.46 0.73

C.V. 41.98 49.55 53.26 40.78 58.07

F 3.915 3.292 6.62 1.228 1.213

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.155 0.1694

77


Table 4. Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.



Clutch 50WG 3.0 2 ijk 0 i 0 h 1 h-k 3 e-i

Clutch 50WG 4.0 0 k 0 i 0 h 0 k 3 d-i

Venom 70SG 3.5 0 k 0.3 hi 2.3 e-h 23.3 c 4.8 b-i

V10170 50WG 0.5 7.3 h-k 11.5 fg 12.5 ef 18.5 cd 16.5 a-d

V10170 50WG 1.0 0.3 jk 0 i 0 h 10 c-f 25.5 a

V10170 50WG 1.5 0 k 0 i 0 h 2 f-k 7.5 b-i

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0 k 0.3 hi 0 h 1.8 f-k 2.5 e-i

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0 k 0 i 0.3 h 3.5 e-k 8.8 b-h

Untreated --- 23.3 cde 60.5 c 44 b 56.8 a 5.5 c-i

Assail 30WG 2.7 1.5 ijk 0 i 0.8 gh 1.5 g-k 1 ghi

Actara 50WG 1.5 0 k 0 i 0.5 gh 2.8 f-k 6.5 b-i

Actara 50WG1 3.0 1.5 ijk 0 i 1.3 gh 0.5 ijk 6.5 b-i

78


Table 4. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.



Radiant 1SC 3.0 0 k 0 i 0.5 gh 7.5 c-i 17 ab

Radiant 1SC 4.5 0 k 1.3 ghi 0.5 gh 8.8 c-g 11.3 a-e

Radiant 1SC 6.0 1.3 ijk 0 i 0 h 1.8 f-k 5.3 b-i

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 7.5 h-k 20.8 d 20.8 c 14.3 cde 7.8 c-i

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 0.3 jk 1 ghi 19 cd 26.5 bc 4.8 c-i

A15645 40WG1 1.78 1.5 ijk 0 i 0 h 0.5 jk 2 e-i

A15645 40WG1 3.57 3.3 h-k 0 i 0 h 0 k 0.8 ghi

A15645 40WG1 5.35 4.3 h-k 0 i 0.3 h 0.3 k 0.3 i

A15645 40WG1 7.14 3.8 h-k 0 i 0 h 0 k 0 i

A15365 2SC1 1.37 1 ijk 4.3 f-i 0.8 gh 1.5 g-k 1.8 f-i

A15365 2SC1 1.64 8.5 f-i 2.3 f-i 2.3 e-h 2 f-k 0.3 i

A15365 2SC1 2.2 3.3 h-k 1 ghi 0 h 1 h-k 0 i

79





A15365 2SC1 2.74 3.0 h-k 1.0 ghi 2.5 e-h 2.5 f-k 1.3 ghi

A15365 2SC1 3.3 7.8 h-k 3.5 f-i 2.8 e-h 3.3 f-k 3.8 d-i

A15365 2SC1 4.1 5.8 h-k 0.8 ghi 0.5 gh 0.0 k 1.8 f-i

A15365 2SC1 5.5 7.3 f-j 0.0 i 0.3 h 1.8 g-k 0.5 hi

Untreated --- 35.5 abc 91.0 a 65.5 a 52.5 a 4.0 c-i

Warrior 1CS 2.85 0.0 k 2.5 f-i 1.8 fgh 4.5 d-k 5.8 b-i

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 1.3 ijk 3.8 f-i 1.5 gh 8.5 d-j 5.0 c-i

Coragen 35WG 2.0 8.0 f-i 4.0 f-i 2.5 e-h 7.8 d-k 1.3 ghi

Coragen 35WG 3.0 4.8 h-k 2.5 f-i 0.3 h 1.5 g-k 5.8 b-i

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 32.5 d-g 15.8 ef 9.8 de 11.3 c-h 6.3 b-i

Coragen 2SC 3.38 3.0 h-k 4.8 f-i 4.3 e-h 4.8 e-k 3.5 c-i

Coragen 2SC 5.0 4.3 h-k 0.5 ghi 3.3 e-h 0.3 k 0.0 i

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 9.0 g-j 4.0 f-i 0.5 gh 1.0 h-k 0.5 hi

80





A13623 2SC 2.55 0.0 k 0.0 i 0.0 h 0.0 k 0.0 i

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.3 jk 0.0 i 0.3 h 0.0 k 0.3 i

A13623 2SC1 3.0 0.8 ijk 0.0 i 0.0 h 0.0 k 0.0 i

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 k 0.0 i 0.0 h 0.0 k 0.0 i

A15397 2SC1 4.1 0.3 jk 1.0 ghi 0.3 h 1.3 g-k 0.0 i

A15397 2SC1 5.5 0.3 jk 0.5 ghi 0.3 h 0.0 k 3.0 e-i

A15397 2SC1 6.84 1.0 ijk 0.0 i 0.3 h 4.5 f-k 0.5 hi

A15397 2SC1 8.2 0.0 k 0.3 hi 0.0 h 0.0 k 3.5 d-i

Untreated --- 54.8 a 79.3 ab 37.5 b 44.5 a 0.5 hi

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 0.8 ijk 2.8 f-i 5.3 efg 4.3 e-k 3.0 d-i

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 23.0 c-f 14.8 de 3.5 e-h 4.5 e-k 0.0 i

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 29.8 bcd 7.0 fgh 0.0 h 4.0 f-k 0.5 hi

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 10.3 e-h 0.0 i 1.5 gh 10.3 c-h 10.5 b-i

81





Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 5.0 h-k 0.0 i 0.0 h 4.8 d-k 4.3 c-i

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 0.0 k 0.0 i 1.5 gh 0.8 h-k 7.0 b-i

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 0.0 k 0.0 i 0.0 h 6.8 d-k 1.3 f-i

Spintor 2SC 4.0 2.5 h-k 0.0 i 0.8 gh 6.3 d-k 15.3 a-f

Spintor 2SC 6.0 1.5 ijk 1.3 ghi 0.5 gh 3.0 f-k 20.3 abc

Untreated --- 49.5 ab 68.0 bc 64.0 a 45.8 ab 4.3 d-i

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 0.3 jk 0.0 i 0.0 h 5.5 d-k 22.8 a-g

LSD 1.6 1.31 1.13 1.70 1.92

S.D. 1.14 0.94 0.80 1.22 1.37

C.V. 55.00 49.79 44.66 54.93 70.9

F 6.55 16.841 16.068 6.079 1.646

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0069

82


Table 5. Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean defoliation per plot Treatment Rate


Clutch 50WG 3.0 1.3 de 0.0 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 26.3 d-h

Clutch 50WG 4.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 15.0 d-h

Venom 70SG 3.5 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 17.5 d-h

V10170 50WG 0.5 0.0 e 1.3 d 5.0 c 20.0 c 61.3 bc

V10170 50WG 1.0 1.3 de 1.3 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 25.0 d-h

V10170 50WG 1.5 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 41.3 cd

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 18.8 d-h

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 7.5 gh

Untreated --- 2.5 cd 12.5 bc 37.5 b 68.8 b 77.5 ab

Assail 30WG 2.7 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 7.5 gh

Actara 50WG 1.5 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 10.0 e-h

Actara 50WG1 3.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 gh

83


Table 5. (Continued). Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.



Radiant 1SC 3.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 6.3 gh

Radiant 1SC 4.5 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 3.8 gh

Radiant 1SC 6.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 16.3 d-h

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 10.0 cde 37.5 c-f

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 0.0 e 0.0 d 1.3 c 15.0 cd 28.8 d-h

A15645 40WG1 1.78 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 gh

A15645 40WG1 3.57 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 1.3 h

A15645 40WG1 5.35 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 gh

A15645 40WG1 7.14 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 0.0 h

A15365 2SC1 1.37 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 6.3 gh

A15365 2SC1 1.64 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 7.5 gh

A15365 2SC1 2.2 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 3.8 gh

84





A15365 2SC1 2.74 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 5.0 gh

A15365 2SC1 3.3 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 1.3 h

A15365 2SC1 4.1 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 gh

A15365 2SC1 5.5 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 8.8 fgh

Untreated --- 2.5 cd 18.8 b 52.5 a 77.5 ab 93.8 a

Warrior 1CS 2.85 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 3.8 gh

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 8.8 fgh

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 11.3 e-h

Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 6.3 gh

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 3.8 bc 3.8 cd 6.3 c 18.8 c 26.3 d-h

Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 6.3 gh

Coragen 2SC 5.0 1.3 de 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 3.8 gh

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 5.0 gh

85





A13623 2SC 2.55 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 3.8 gh

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 7.5 gh

A13623 2SC1 3.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 gh

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 2.5 gh

A15397 2SC1 4.1 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 gh

A15397 2SC1 5.5 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 8.8 fgh

A15397 2SC1 6.84 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 2.5 gh

A15397 2SC1 8.2 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 8.8 fgh

Untreated --- 6.3 a 35.0 a 46.3 ab 81.3 a 92.5 a

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 0.0 e 1.3 d 0.0 c 2.5 e 27.5 d-h

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 1.3 de 2.5 d 0.0 c 3.8 de 6.3 gh

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 1.3 de 1.3 d 0.0 c 3.8 de 26.3 d-h

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 2.5 e 27.5 d-h

86





Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 20.0 d-h

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 12.5 d-h

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 0.0 e 0.0 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 6.3 gh

Spintor 2SC 4.0 0.0 e 1.3 d 0.0 c 0.0 e 6.3 gh

Spintor 2SC 6.0 0.0 e 0.0 d 1.3 c 1.3 e 26.3 d-h

Untreated --- 5.0 ab 38.8 a 52.5 a 85.0 a 95.0 a

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 0.0 e 2.5 d 0.0 c 1.3 e 38.8 cde

LSD 2.38 9.41 8.89 12.07 29.63

S.D. 1.70 6.72 6.35 8.62 21.16

C.V. 340.05 335.94 188.17 129.27 114.39

F 2.14 4.549 14.19 21.016 4.674

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

87


Part 2. Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides. C. Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticides – Hancock

2007. Colorado potato beetles are a very adaptive insect and they can develop

resistance to insecticides rapidly. Colorado potato beetles are exposed to a wide range of insecticides across the potato growing regions of Wisconsin however 80+% are treated with some nicotinyl insecticide at planting. The main potato production region in Wisconsin of is located in the central sands area. Potatoes grown at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station in central Wisconsin provide an opportunity to evaluate insecticides in an environment of high beetle pressure from individuals that are more likely to have developed resistance to certain insecticides.

In a study conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, Wisconsin, experimental and registered foliar insecticides were evaluated for efficacy on all life stages of Colorado potato beetle.

Russet Burbank variety potatoes were planted on 23 April 2007 into two 20’ row plots, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design with replications separated by 15’ of cultivated alleyway. Lorox (linuron) at 1 pound product per acre was applied post hilling on 7 May for weed control. Hand weeding provided additional weed control.

Plots were overhead irrigated with 0.2-0.6” water every 2-5 days from plant emergence to vine kill for a total of 17.01 inches.

Thirteen registered and six experimental insecticides were evaluated at the following rates:

Registered: Belay 50WG (Clutch and V10170) (0.094, 0.125, 0.0154, 0.031, 0.0463 lb. a.i./a) Venom 20SG (0.066 lb. a.i./a) Agrimek 0.15EC (0.0094 and 0.014 lb. a.i./a) Actara 25WG (0.0234 and 0.047 lb. a.i./a) Leverage 2.7SE (0.079 lb. a.i./a) Asana 0.66E (0.05 lb. a.i./a) Spintor 2SC (0.07 and 0.094 lb. a.i./a) Rimon 0.83EC (0.0584, and 0.078 lb. a.i./a) Assail 30WG (0.0506 lb. a.i./a) Thiodan 3EC (0.332 lb. a.i./a) Imidan 50WP (0.665 lb. a.i./a) Radiant 1SC (0.0234, 0.035, and 0.047) Vydate L (0.5 lb. a.i./a)

88

Experimental: A13623 2.06SC (Endigo) (0.044 and 0.0644 lb. a.i./a) A15645 40WG (Volian flexi) (0.112, 0.089, 0.134, 0.178 lb. a.i./a) A15635 2SC (0.0223, 0.0267, 0.0358, 0.0446, 0.0537, 0.067, 0.0895 lb. a.i./a) Warrior 1CS (0.0223 and 0.025 lb. a.i./a) Coragen 35WG (0.044, and 0.066 lb. a.i./a) Coragen 2SC (0.044, and 0.066 lb. a.i./a)


delivering 24.8 gpa through four flat fan nozzles (8004VS XR) spaced at 18”. Insecticides were applied on 9 June 2007 and 19 June 2007 for first generation

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval efficacy. First generation CPB efficacy was evaluated at 2 and 6 days after the first insecticide application (9 June) and 3, 7 15 and 21 days after the second insecticide application on 19 June. CPB populations were monitored with plant counts. All life stages of the CPB (adults, eggs, small and large larvae) were counted on ten randomly chosen plants per plot.

Plant foliage was rated for defoliation on each survey date from 12 June through 10 July. The study was not harvested for yield due to second generation feeding pressure.

89

Table 1. Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.


(oz/a) 12 June 15 June 22 June 26 June 4 July 10 July

Clutch 50WG 3.0 0.5 mno 1.3 h-n 0.0 f 0.0 f 6.0 n-r 17.3 k-n

Clutch 50WG 4.0 0.0 o 0.8 k-n 0.5 def 0.3 ef 2.5 pqr 21.5 i-n

Venom 70SG 3.5 3.5 d-o 1.5 f-n 0.0 f 0.3 ef 15.3 h-r 68.8 a-f

V10170 50WG 0.5 1.5 i-o 2.5 c-n 0.5 def 0.5 def 8.3 j-r 29.0 e-n

V10170 50WG 1.0 1.3 j-o 3.5 c-m 0.3 ef 0.3 ef 5.5 n-r 12.0 lmn

V10170 50WG 1.5 1.5 i-o 2.3 c-n 0.0 f 0.5 def 6.3 m-r 27.0 f-n

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.3 no 2.5 c-n 0.8 def 0.0 f 6.3 n-r 16.0 j-n

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0.3 no 3.8 c-k 0.0 f 0.3 ef 4.5 o-r 15.3 k-n

Untreated --- 3.3 e-o 1.3 j-n 0.0 f 0.0 f 75.5 a-d 23.8 i-n

Assail 30WG 2.7 1.0 k-o 2.5 c-n 0.0 f 1.5 a-e 6.0 m-r 21.8 h-n

Actara 50WG 1.5 1.8 h-o 2.8 c-m 1.0 c-f 0.0 f 4.5 o-r 47.0 b-l

Actara 50WG1 3.0 1.8 i-o 2.8 c-m 0.8 def 0.0 f 29.8 f-q 53.5 a-l

90

(Continued) Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05). All treatments applied 9 June and 19 June. 1NIS added at 0.25% v/v, *applied at 5 gallons per acre.

Table 1. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



A15645 40WG1 1.78 2.3 e-o 1.0 j-n 0.0 f 0.5 c-f 13.5 j-r 59.3 a-i

A15645 40WG1 3.57 0.8 l-o 0.5 mn 0.0 f 0.0 f 11.0 j-r 70.8 a-g

A15645 40WG1 5.35 1.3 j-o 1.0 i-n 0.3 ef 0.5 def 4.5 o-r 35.3 c-n

A15645 40WG1 7.14 0.3 no 0.0 n 0.0 f 0.0 f 2.0 qr 10.0 mn

A15645 2SC1 1.37 3.8 d-o 2.5 c-n 1.8 a-f 0.0 f 15.8 h-r 46.3 a-k

A15645 2SC1 1.64 3.3 e-o 2.0 d-n 0.3 ef 0.3 ef 11.0 j-r 52.3 a-j

A15645 2SC1 2.2 1.8 g-o 1.0 i-n 1.3 b-f 0.8 a-f 7.0 m-r 40.8 b-m

A15645 2SC1 2.74 5.5 a-j 3.0 c-m 1.3 b-f 0.5 c-f 24.5 g-r 67.5 a-g

A15645 2SC1 3.3 5.5 a-i 1.5 g-n 0.5 def 0.5 c-f 6.8 l-r 33.5 d-n

A15645 2SC1 4.1 3.5 d-n 3.8 b-j 1.0 c-f 1.0 a-f 9.3 j-r 45.3 a-l

A15645 2SC1 5.5 5.5 d-m 4.8 a-f 1.5 b-f 1.0 a-f 14.0 j-r 34.0 d-n

Untreated --- 1.3 j-o 1.0 j-n 0.0 f 0.0 f 78.8 ab 17.5 i-n

91





Warrior 1CS 2.85 6.5 a-i 2.5 c-n 2.3 a-e 0.3 ef 39.0 b-j 45.0 b-l

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 3.5 d-n 3.5 c-m 0.8 c-f 1.5 a-e 17.5 g-r 75.5 a-e

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 1.0 k-o 5.8 abc 0.5 def 0.5 c-f 51.0 b-j 54.0 a-i

A13623 2SC 2.55 2.8 e-o 3.3 c-m 0.8 def 1.3 a-e 38.5 c-m 91.3 ab

A13623 2SC 3.0 2.3 f-o 5.3 a-h 0.5 def 1.0 a-f 31.0 d-n 87.3 abc

A13623 2SC1 3.0 2.8 e-o 5.3 a-d 1.0 c-f 0.0 f 12.5 j-r 35.3 d-n

A13623 2SC 3.0 1.8 h-o 3.5 c-k 0.8 def 1.5 a-e 9.3 j-r 87.8 ab

A15397 2SC1 4.1 10.8 a 5.5 a-d 2.3 a-e 1.8 abc 44.3 b-k 73.3 a-e

A15397 2SC1 5.5 7.0 a-h 5.3 a-e 1.0 c-f 1.8 a-d 15.8 i-r 71.3 a-e

A15397 2SC1 6.84 7.0 a-f 8.3 a 2.0 a-e 1.5 a-e 4.8 n-r 87.8 abc

A15397 2SC1 8.2 10.0 abc 5.3 a-e 1.5 b-f 2.0 ab 9.8 j-r 100.8 a

Untreated --- 3.8 d-n 0.5 lmn 0.0 f 0.8 a-f 69.5 a-e 12.8 lmn

92





Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 6.3 a-h 2.3 c-n 2.0 a-e 0.5 c-f 78.3 b-f 35.5 d-n

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 2.3 g-o 0.5 lmn 0.0 f 0.3 ef 49.0 b-h 12.3 n

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 4.0 d-n 1.8 f-n 1.8 a-f 1.5 a-e 73.5 a-e 42.8 c-n

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 1.5 i-o 3.0 c-n 1.3 b-f 0.8 a-f 19.0 g-r 48.3 b-l

Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 3.5 d-o 1.3 h-n 2.0 b-f 0.3 ef 35.3 b-l 85.8 a-e

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 4.3 e-o 1.5 h-n 0.3 ef 0.8 a-f 129.5 a 25.8 i-n

Coragen 35WG 2.0 4.3 c-m 8.5 ab 2.0 a-f 1.5 a-d 8.5 k-r 60.5 a-h

Coragen 35WG 3.0 4.3 d-n 5.0 a-f 4.3 a 2.0 abc 5.3 n-r 35.3 d-n

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 6.0 b-l 4.0 a-i 3.5 ab 2.3 a 3.5 pqr 25.8 f-n

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 0.8 l-o 2.0 f-n 1.3 b-f 0.0 f 6.5 l-r 25.5 g-n

Coragen 2SC 3.38 6.5 a-g 2.3 c-n 4.8 ab 0.5 c-f 12.8 j-r 75.8 a-e

Coragen 2SC 5.0 9.0 a-d 5.3 a-j 1.5 b-f 1.8 a-d 6.8 l-r 40.3 b-m

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 7.0 a-f 3.8 a-j 2.5 a-d 2.0 a 12.8 j-r 84.8 a-d

93





Spintor 2SC 4.0 5.0 a-k 2.3 c-n 3.8 a-e 1.3 a-f 23.3 g-r 36.0 c-n

Spintor 2SC 6.0 3.3 e-o 3.0 c-m 0.5 def 1.0 a-f 59.3 b-i 63.0 a-g

Untreated --- 4.3 d-n 0.0 n 0.0 f 0.0 f 64.3 b-g 24.0 i-n

Radiant 1SC 3.0 10.5 a-e 4.8 a-g 0.8 def 0.3 ef 23.8 f-p 30.0 g-n

Radiant 1SC 4.5 3.5 d-o 6.0 abc 3 abc 1.3 a-e 49.8 e-o 91.5 a-e

Radiant 1SC 6.0 3.3 e-o 3.3 c-l 0.5 def 1.0 a-f 11.8 j-r 73.5 a-h

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 10.8 ab 3.5 c-k 1.0 c-f 0.3 ef 54.5 b-f 37.0 d-n

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 7.3 a-g 1.5 f-n 0.5 def 1.0 a-f 72.3 abc 25.8 g-n

LSD 1.06 0.85 0.66 0.45 3.08 3.17

S.D. 0.76 0.61 0.47 0.32 2.20 2.27

C.V. 37.94 32.62 34.72 25.24 50.96 35.56

F 2.310 2.262 1.732 1.958 3.836 2.414

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0033 0.0004 0.0001 0.0001

94

Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05). All treatments applied 9 June and 19 June. 1NIS added at 0.25% v/v, *applied at 5 gallons per acre.

Table 2. Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



Clutch 50WG 3.0 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.0 ab

Clutch 50WG 4.0 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

Venom 70SG 3.5 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

V10170 50WG 0.5 1.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 abc

V10170 50WG 1.0 0.5 a 2.5 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 cd

V10170 50WG 1.5 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.3 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 cd

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a-d

Untreated --- 2.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

Assail 30WG 2.7 1.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a-d

Actara 50WG 1.5 0.8 a 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 cd

Actara 50WG1 0.3 a 0.8 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 1.8 abc

95


Table 2. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



A15645 40WG1 1.78 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.8 bcd

A15645 40WG1 3.57 1.3 a 0.3 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 bcd

A15645 40WG1 5.35 0.8 a 0.8 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 abc

A15645 40WG1 7.14 1.5 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 bcd

A15645 2SC1 1.37 1.8 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 bcd

A15645 2SC1 1.64 4.3 a 1.0 a 0.3 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 bcd

A15645 2SC1 2.2 1.8 a 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

A15645 2SC1 2.74 1.8 a 0.3 a 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 1.0 a-d

A15645 2SC1 3.3 2.8 a 2.0 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

A15645 2SC1 4.1 1.8 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 cd

A15645 2SC1 5.5 0.8 a 1.5 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 a-d


96





Warrior 1CS 2.85 2.3 a 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.8 bcd

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 2.5 a 2.5 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 1.8 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

A13623 2SC 2.55 0.5 a 2.0 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

A13623 2SC 3.0 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

A13623 2SC1 3.0 2.3 a 0.8 a 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 a 1.5 abc

A13623 2SC 3.0 1.5 a 0.5 a 1.8 a 0.3 a 1.5 a 0.0 d

A15397 2SC1 4.1 3.0 a 2.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 d

A15397 2SC1 5.5 1.8 a 1.5 a 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 d

A15397 2SC1 6.84 1.8 a 2.0 a 1.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

A15397 2SC1 8.2 2.3 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.3 abc


97





Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 2.0 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 0.0 d

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 3.5 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 1.8 a 2.0 a 1.0 a 1.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 d

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 2.5 a 0.8 a 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.5 bcd

Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 2.8 a 0.5 a 1.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 d

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 1.8 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.8 bcd

Coragen 35WG 2.0 1.5 a 2.3 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.3 cd

Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.8 a 2.0 a 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 abc

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 1.5 a 0.3 a 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.8 a-d

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 0.8 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.8 ab

Coragen 2SC 3.38 2.8 a 0.3 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 2.3 a

Coragen 2SC 5.0 1.5 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 bcd

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 2.0 a 1.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 a-d

98





Spintor 2SC 4.0 2.8 a 1.0 a 0.8 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 1.0 a-d

Spintor 2SC 6.0 2.0 a 3.8 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.8 bcd


Radiant 1SC 3.0 2.0 a 0.5 a 0.3 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 1.5 a-d

Radiant 1SC 4.5 1.5 a 1.3 a 0.8 a 0.8 a 1.5 a 0.0 d

Radiant 1SC 6.0 2.3 a 1.0 a 1.0 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 a-d

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 1.8 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.5 bcd

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 2.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 cd

LSD 0.7 0.57 0.44 0.29 0.25 0.45

S.D. 0.5 0.41 0.31 0.2 0.18 0.32

C.V. 32.07 30.49 26.89 18.76 17.33 26.71

F 1.131 1.326 1.087 1.317 1.430 1.500

Prob. (F) 0.2678 0.0821 0.3341 0.0874 0.0391 0.0229

99


Table 3. Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



Clutch 50WG 3.0 0.0 s 0.8 st 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Clutch 50WG 4.0 0.8 qrs 0.0 t 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Venom 70SG 3.5 11.3 h-o 22.8 d-g 7.3 a-g 2.0 b-f 5.8 a 3.5 a

V10170 50WG 0.5 3.3 n-s 17.3 e-i 1.0 ij 1.0 def 1.0 a 0.0 a

V10170 50WG 1.0 2.8 n-s 7.0 i-s 0.8 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

V10170 50WG 1.5 13.3 j-s 6.5 j-s 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 1.8 a

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.8 qrs 0.8 rst 0.5 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

V10170 50WG* 1.5 1.5 p-s 5.8 k-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 1.3 a 0.0 a

Untreated --- 95.8 ab 54.3 bc 16 a-d 1.0 def 0.0 a 0.0 a

Assail 30WG 2.7 9.3 l-s 2.0 p-t 0.0 j 0.3 f 0.8 a 2.8 a

Actara 50WG 1.5 3.0 n-s 15 e-l 2.0 g-j 0.0 f 1.3 a 0.0 a

Actara 50WG1 3.8 o-s 4.0 o-t 0.0 j 0.8 ef 1.0 a 0.8 a

100


Table 3. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



A15645 40WG1 1.78 0.3 s 3.0 o-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 40WG1 3.57 6.3 l-s 1.8 q-t 0.5 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 40WG1 5.35 0.3 s 0.0 t 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 40WG1 7.14 0.5 qrs 1.5 q-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 2SC1 1.37 6.8 k-s 9.3 g-p 4.5 d-j 5.5 b-e 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 2SC1 1.64 9.5 i-r 5.5 l-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 2SC1 2.2 11.3 i-p 3.5 n-t 1.3 hij 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 2SC1 2.74 7.8 j-s 2.0 q-t 0.0 j 1.0 def 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 2SC1 3.3 4.3 m-s 0.0 t 1.0 ij 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 2SC1 4.1 9.8 i-q 4.3 n-t 1.3 hij 0.5 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15645 2SC1 5.5 6.8 k-s 0.0 t 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Untreated --- 87.8 abc 68.5 ab 13.5 abc 7.5 b 0.0 a 0.0 a

101





Warrior 1CS 2.85 15.0 h-n 18.0 e-h 8.3 a-f 2.3 b-f 2.5 a 1.5 a

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 15.3 h-m 16.0 e-k 4.0 c-j 1.3 c-f 5.0 a 2.0 a

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 1.0 qrs 10.5 h-r 0.5 j 1.8 c-f 7.8 a 0.0 a

A13623 2SC 2.55 19.5 g-k 10.5 g-p 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 28.5 fgh 6.5 i-s 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A13623 2SC1 3.0 12.3 h-o 10.0 h-q 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.0 a 1.8 a

A13623 2SC 3.0 6.0 l-s 18.0 e-j 0.0 j 0.0 f 1.5 a 4.0 a

A15397 2SC1 4.1 23.5 g-j 23.0 def 1.0 hij 2.5 b-f 0.0 a 0.3 a

A15397 2SC1 5.5 16.5 h-l 22.3 d-g 0.0 j 0.8 def 0.5 a 0.0 a

A15397 2SC1 6.84 7.0 l-s 5.5 l-t 2.5 e-j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

A15397 2SC1 8.2 4.3 m-s 4.5 l-t 0.5 j 0.0 f 0.8 a 1.3 a

Untreated --- 60.3 cde 83.5 a 14.3 abc 10.0 a 2.8 a 0.0 a

102





Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 51.5 de 36.0 cd 18.5 ab 3.0 b-f 5.0 a 0.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 116.3 a 79.8 a 11.0 a-e 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 40.0 efg 23.0 d-g 13.0 a-e 1.3 c-f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 14.0 h-n 28.8 de 9.3 a-g 0.5 f 2.5 a 0.0 a

Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 1.5 p-s 21.5 d-g 2.3 f-j 0.0 f 2.0 a 0.0 a

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 14.0 h-o 23.3 d-g 3.8 e-j 0.0 f 3.8 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG 2.0 10.8 i-p 9.8 h-q 2.5 e-j 0.8 def 0.5 a 1.8 a

Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.5 rs 3.0 o-t 5.3 c-j 1.5 c-f 0.3 a 0.8 a

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 7.3 k-s 14.8 f-m 2.5 f-j 0.8 def 0.0 a 0.0 d

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 1.0 qrs 5.0 l-t 0.8 j 1.3 c-f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 3.38 9.5 i-q 13.5 f-n 10.0 b-i 0.5 f 0.5 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 5.0 0.0 s 11.5 f-o 0.5 j 0.3 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 8.8 i-r 2.0 p-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 0.3 a 0.0 a

103





Spintor 2SC 4.0 5.0 n-s 4.8 n-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 1.8 a 3.3 a

Spintor 2SC 6.0 11.0 l-s 4.8 m-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 1.0 a 0.0 a

Untreated --- 67.8 bcd 68.8 ab 9.0 c-j 0.0 f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Radiant 1SC 3.0 9.3 j-s 11.3 f-o 9.0 a-f 2.3 b-f 0.0 a 0.0 a

Radiant 1SC 4.5 5.5 l-s 5.8 l-t 2.0 e-j 2.8 b-f 0.3 a 2.8 a

Radiant 1SC 6.0 0.5 rs 4.5 m-t 0.0 j 0.0 f 2.5 a 0.8 a

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 26.8 ghi 58.8 ab 5.5 c-j 5.0 bcd 1.0 a 0.0 a

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 53.3 def 76.5 ab 21.3 a 5.0 bc 5.3 a 0.0 a

LSD 1.89 1.59 1.47 0.83 0.94 0.66

S.D. 1.35 1.13 1.05 0.59 0.67 0.47

C.V. 41.2 32.92 60.63 46.54 53.16 41.5

F 11.559 14.53 2.988 2.104 1.199 1.276

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.1838 0.1149

104


Table 4. Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



Clutch 50WG 3.0 0.0 k 0.0 r 0.0 o 0.0 k 0.5 lm 0.8 g-j

Clutch 50WG 4.0 0.0 k 0.0 r 0.0 o 0.0 k 1.0 klm 2.8 c-j

Venom 70SG 3.5 0.3 jk 21.3 de 18.8 gh 18.3 bcd 12.0 c-f 9.8 ab

V10170 50WG 0.5 0.0 k 13.0 f-j 1.3 mno 1.3 h-k 6.5 c-k 0.5 hij

V10170 50WG 1.0 0.0 k 2.5 k-r 1.8 mno 0.0 k 3.3 h-m 1.0 f-j

V10170 50WG 1.5 2.0 ijk 1.0 o-r 1.0 mno 0.0 k 0.0 m 3.0 b-j

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.0 k 2.0 k-r 0.0 o 0.5 ijk 1.8 i-m 0.8 f-j

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0.0 k 0.0 r 0.0 o 1.8 g-k 1.8 i-m 0.3 ij

Untreated --- 56.5 a 113.0 ab 87.0 a 51.3 a 2.0 i-m 0.0 j

Assail 30WG 2.7 2.5 ijk 1.3 m-r 0.0 o 1.0 ijk 2.3 h-m 5.8 a-i

Actara 50WG 1.5 0.3 jk 13.8 d-g 5.3 lmn 2.0 g-k 1.5 j-m 1.3 e-j

Actara 50WG1 3.0 0.0 k 0.0 r 0.0 o 0.0 k 5.5 f-m 1.8 e-j

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Table 4. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



A15645 40WG1 1.78 0.0 k 1.0 n-r 0.0 o 2.0 h-k 1.0 klm 0.0 j

A15645 40WG1 3.57 0.0 k 0.0 r 1.5 mno 1.3 ijk 0.3 m 0.8 f-j

A15645 40WG1 5.35 0.0 k 0.0 r 0.0 o 0.3 jk 0.0 m 0.0 j

A15645 40WG1 7.14 0.0 k 0.0 r 0.0 o 0.0 k 0.0 m 0.0 j

A15645 2SC1 1.37 0.3 jk 3.8 j-r 6.0 k-n 1.5 h-k 0.8 klm 2.5 c-j

A15645 2SC1 1.64 1.0 ijk 3.0 j-r 3.0 l-o 2.0 g-k 1.0 klm 0.8 g-j

A15645 2SC1 2.2 0.0 k 1.3 n-r 3.8 l-o 0.0 k 0.5 lm 0.0 j

A15645 2SC1 2.74 0.5 jk 0.3 qr 0.5 no 0.3 jk 0.0 m 0.3 ij

A15645 2SC1 3.3 0.3 jk 0.0 r 1.0 mno 0.3 jk 1.8 i-m 0.0 j

A15645 2SC1 4.1 0.0 k 1.3 n-r 3.8 l-o 0.5 ijk 0.0 m 0.0 j

A15645 2SC1 5.5 0.0 k 0.0 r 0.0 o 0.3 jk 0.0 m 0.8 g-j

Untreated --- 38.0 b 103.3 ab 72.0 ab 66.8 a 0.8 klm 1.0 f-j

106





Warrior 1CS 2.85 6.8 e-h 27.3 d 15.0 ghi 10.8 def 12.0 c-g 6.5 a-g

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 3.5 g-j 21.5 de 14.0 g-k 7.8 e-h 8.3 c-j 8.0 a-e

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 0.0 k 8.0 g-k 4.3 l-o 5.0 f-k 9.5 c-h 1.5 e-j

A13623 2SC 2.55 1.8 ijk 8.5 g-n 0.0 o 0.3 jk 2.3 i-m 2.3 b-j

A13623 2SC 3.0 4.5 f-i 7.8 g-o 0.0 o 1.5 h-k 5.5 e-m 7.3 a-d

A13623 2SC1 3.0 1.0 ijk 4.8 i-r 0.0 o 0.0 k 2.3 i-m 6.5 a-h

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.5 jk 9.3 g-k 0.0 o 0.0 k 10.0 c-i 7.5 abc

A15397 2SC1 4.1 2.8 h-k 11.8 e-i 7.5 i-l 2.0 g-k 3.0 h-m 1.5 d-j

A15397 2SC1 5.5 3.0 g-j 8.0 g-l 4.0 l-o 5.5 e-i 2.8 h-m 4.3 a-j

A15397 2SC1 6.84 0.3 jk 2.3 k-r 0.3 no 0.0 k 2.5 h-m 5.3 b-j

A15397 2SC1 8.2 1.3 ijk 4.8 h-r 0.5 no 0.0 k 2.5 h-m 2.3 c-j

Untreated --- 12.5 de 92.3 b 44.0 de 56.3 a 13.5 cd 0.3 ij

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Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 7.3 e-h 15.5 d-g 24.3 fg 12.5 cde 21.0 bc 0.5 ij

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 47.0 ab 131.0 a 60.0 bcd 25.0 b 5.0 f-m 0.0 j

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 14 d 19.8 def 20.8 fg 7.8 efg 14.0 cde 2.3 c-j

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 1.8 ijk 20.3 def 5.0 l-o 4.8 e-j 15.5 cd 5.8 a-g

Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 0.5 jk 0.3 qr 3.8 l-o 2.0 g-k 4.5 d-m 2.8 b-j

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 2.8 h-k 9.3 g-m 5.5 l-o 1.3 ijk 11.3 c-j 0.0 j

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.3 jk 8.3 g-o 5.0 l-o 1.3 ijk 7.0 c-l 4.3 b-j

Coragen 35WG 3.0 1.3 ijk 2.0 k-r 4.5 l-o 2.5 g-k 0.5 lm 2.5 c-j

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 1.0 jk 4.0 j-r 3.8 l-o 0.8 ijk 0.8 klm 1.3 e-j

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 1.3 ijk 4.3 j-r 5.8 j-m 1.8 h-k 3.5 h-m 11.0 a

Coragen 2SC 3.38 1.3 ijk 8.5 g-k 4.0 l-o 2.0 g-k 3.0 h-m 1.0 f-j

Coragen 2SC 5.0 0.5 jk 5.3 i-r 3.0 l-o 1.8 h-k 4.5 g-m 1.8 e-j

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 0.3 jk 0.8 pqr 0.8 mno 0.0 k 0.3 m 2.8 b-j

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Spintor 2SC 4.0 0.5 jk 2.0 k-r 0.0 o 0.5 ijk 10.0 c-j 7.5 a-f

Spintor 2SC 6.0 0.0 k 5.8 i-r 0.0 o 0.0 k 5.8 d-m 1.0 f-j

Untreated --- 23.3 c 96.3 b 76.0 abc 24.3 bc 3.8 h-m 0.0 j

Radiant 1SC 3.0 0.0 k 5.8 g-p 19.5 g-j 31.8 bc 36.3 a 0.3 ij

Radiant 1SC 4.5 0.0 k 5.3 g-q 3.5 l-o 2.8 g-k 9.8 c-h 5.5 a-j

Radiant 1SC 6.0 0.0 k 1.8 l-r 0.3 no 4.5 g-k 16.0 bc 8.5 ab

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 7.5 d-g 57.0 c 51.0 cde 55.8 a 13.8 c-g 2.0 c-j

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 8.8 def 61.5 c 38.0 ef 70.5 a 28.5 ab 3.5 b-j

LSD 0.91 1.39 1.38 1.29 1.48 1.22

S.D. 0.65 0.99 0.99 0.92 1.06 0.87

C.V. 37 32.27 38.87 40.17 48.42 52.93

F 18.758 28.536 18.711 18.099 4.228 1.972

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

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Table 5. Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



Clutch 50WG 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 5.0 pq

Clutch 50WG 4.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 1.3 q

Venom 70SG 3.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 2.5 ef 1.3 f 1.3 ij 16.3 l-q

V10170 50WG 0.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 1.3 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 10.0 n-q

V10170 50WG 1.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 5.0 pq

V10170 50WG 1.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 2.5 pq

V10170 50WG* 1.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 7.5 opq

V10170 50WG* 1.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 7.5 opq

Untreated --- 1.3 b 7.5 b 36.3 b 60 b 76.3 ab 88.8 abc

Assail 30WG 2.7 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 17.5 l-q

Actara 50WG 1.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 1.3 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 11.3 m-q

Actara 50WG1 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 2.5 ij 16.3 l-q

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Table 5. (Continued). Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



A15645 40WG1 1.78 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 20.0 k-q

A15645 40WG1 3.57 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 13.8 l-q

A15645 40WG1 5.35 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 7.5 opq

A15645 40WG1 7.14 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 3.8 pq

A15645 2SC1 1.37 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 8.8 opq

A15645 2SC1 1.64 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 37.5 h-n

A15645 2SC1 2.2 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 10.0 n-q

A15645 2SC1 2.74 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 2.5 ij 20.0 k-q

A15645 2SC1 3.3 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 8.8 opq

A15645 2SC1 4.1 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 10.0 n-q

A15645 2SC1 5.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 13.8 l-q

Untreated --- 1.3 b 8.8 ab 36.3 b 46.3 c 70.0 bc 82.5 a-d

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Mean defolilation per plot Treatment Rate


Warrior 1CS 2.85 0.0 c 0.0 c 1.3 f 1.3 f 7.5 hij 58.8 d-h

Warrior 1CS1 3.2 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 40.0 g-l

Leverage 2.7SC1 3.75 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 17.5 ghi 38.8 g-m

A13623 2SC 2.55 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 52.5 e-j

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 2.5 ij 38.8 g-m

A13623 2SC1 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 30.0 i-p

A13623 2SC 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 22.5 k-q

A15397 2SC1 4.1 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 3.8 ij 27.5 j-q

A15397 2SC1 5.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 18.8 k-q

A15397 2SC1 6.84 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 18.8 k-q

A15397 2SC1 8.2 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 20.0 k-q

Untreated --- 0.0 c 7.5 b 22.5 c 32.5 d 48.8 de 82.5 a-d

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Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4 0.0 c 1.3 c 2.5 ef 2.5 f 22.5 fgh 61.3 c-h

Rimon 0.83EC 9.0 5.0 a 10 a 71.3 a 80.0 a 92.5 a 96.3 a

Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 2.5 ef 1.3 f 15.0 g-j 72.5 a-f

Agrimek 0.15EC 8.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 1.3 f 7.5 hij 61.3 c-h

Agrimek 0.15EC 12.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 8.8 g-j 78.8 a-e

Alverde + Penetrator Plus 4.5 + 0.25% 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 1.3 f 35.0 ef 70.0 a-f

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 26.3 j-q

Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 10.0 n-q

Coragen 35WG + MSO 3.0 + 0.25 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 12.5 l-q

Vydate L 1EC 4 pt/a 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 10.0 n-q

Coragen 2SC 3.38 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 57.5 d-i

Coragen 2SC 5.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 10.0 n-q

Coragen 2SC + MSO 5.0 + 0.25% 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 35.0 h-o

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Spintor 2SC 4.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 13.8 g-j 35.0 h-o

Spintor 2SC 6.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.0 j 61.3 c-h

Untreated --- 1.3 b 7.5 b 38.8 b 70.0 ab 73.8 b 90.0 ab

Radiant 1SC 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 2.5 ef 3.8 f 17.5 ghi 66.3 b-g

Radiant 1SC 4.5 0.0 c 0.0 c 1.3 f 0.0 f 7.5 hij 46.3 f-k

Radiant 1SC 6.0 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 f 0.0 f 1.3 ij 51.3 e-j

Thiodan 1EC 1.33 qt/a 0.0 c 1.3 c 8.8 de 16.3 e 25.0 fg 61.3 c-h

Imidan 50WP 1.33 lb/a 0.0 c 1.3 c 12.5 d 33.8 d 55.0 cd 83.8 a-d

LSD 0.79 1.79 7.38 10.22 16.34 28.39

S.D. 0.56 1.28 5.27 7.3 11.67 20.28

C.V. 385.49 170.91 131.16 124.7 112.3 60.09

F 6.095 13.049 21.956 22.223 13.602 7.340

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

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Part 2. Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides. D. Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Rynaxypyr on Dark Red Norland

variety Potatoes – Hancock 2007. In a study conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock,

Wisconsin, Rynaxypyr was evaluated for efficacy on all life stages of Colorado potato beetle.

Russet Burbank variety potatoes were planted on 23 April 2007 into four 20’ row plots, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design with replications separated by 15’ of cultivated alleyway. Lorox (linuron) at 1 pound product per acre was applied post hilling on 7 May for weed control. Hand weeding provided additional weed control.


All materials were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 30 psi, delivering 24.8 gpa through four flat fan nozzles (8004VS XR) spaced at 18”.

Insecticides were applied on 16 June 2007 and 25 June 2007 for first generation Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval efficacy. First generation CPB efficacy was evaluated at 3, and 6 days after the first insecticide application (16 June) and 1, 9, 14, and 22 days after the second insecticide application on 25 June. CPB populations were monitored with plant counts. All life stages of the CPB (adults, eggs, small and large larvae) were counted on ten randomly chosen plants per plot.

Plant foliage was rated for defoliation on each survey date from 19 June through 17 July. The study was not harvested for yield.

Eight treatments were evaluated for CPB efficacy after foliar application. Two formulations of Coragen; 35WG and 2SC were evaluated at 0.044 and 0.066 lb. a.i./a and MSO at 0.3% v/v was added to both formulations at the 0.066 lb. a.i./a rates. Asana XL (0.05 lb a.i./a) in combination with PBO (4 oz/a) was used as a standard comparison treatment.

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Table 1. Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 10 plants

Treatment Rate (oz/a) 19 June 22 June 26 June 4 July 9 July 17 July

Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.8 a 0.0 b 0.0 a 26.8 b 23.3 a 28.0 ab

Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 b 1.0 a 21.8 b 15.3 a 15.0 bc

Coragen 35WG1 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 b 0.3 a 20.8 b 10.5 a 22.8 ab

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4.0 0.0 a 0.0 b 0.0 a 29.5 ab 30.8 a 16.5 abc

Coragen 2SC 3.4 0.0 a 0.5 b 0.8 a 12.8 b 13.5 a 29.0 a

Coragen 2SC 5.1 0.3 a 0.8 ab 1.8 a 17.0 b 11.8 a 26.8 ab

Coragen 2SC1 5.1 0.0 a 1.8 a 0.3 a 24.0 b 15.3 a 16.8 abc

Untreated --- 0.0 a 0.0 b 0.0 a 61.0 a 14.8 a 7.0 c

LSD 0.29 0.36 0.48 2.11 2.07 1.50

S.D. 0.19 0.25 0.33 1.43 1.40 1.02

C.V. 18.63 21.75 27.75 28.62 35.41 23.22

F 0.870 3.154 1.617 2.750 1.389 2.980

Prob. (F) 0.5458 0.0193 0.1853 0.0342 0.2613 0.0246

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Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Least Significant Difference Test, P = 0.05). All treatments applied 16 June and 25 June. 1MSO added at 0.25% v/v.

Table 2. Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean egg masses per 10 plants


Coragen 35WG 2.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG1 3.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a



Coragen 2SC1 5.1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

Untreated --- 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.11 0.18 0.00

S.D. 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.07 0.12 0.00

C.V. 0.00 0.00 18.92 7.23 12.01 0.00

F 0.000 0.000 0.826 1.000 0.738 0.000

Prob. (F) 1.0000 1.0000 0.5773 0.4586 0.6429 1.0000

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Table 3. Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean larvae per 10 plants


Coragen 35WG 2.0 4.0 a 1.0 c 0.0 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG 3.0 2.3 a 0.0 c 1.0 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG1 3.0 4.3 a 1.0 c 0.3 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4.0 12.5 a 19.8 b 5.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 3.4 4.3 a 2.0 c 0.0 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 5.1 4.3 a 2.5 c 0.3 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC1 5.1 6.5 a 0.5 c 0.3 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Untreated --- 27.8 a 34.5 a 1.3 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 2.15 1.22 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.00

S.D. 1.46 0.83 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00

C.V. 55.68 35.91 40.27 0.00 0.00 0.00

F 1.803 19.35 2.803 0.000 0.000 0.000

Prob. (F) 0.1400 0.0001 0.0316 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

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Table 4. Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean larvae per 10 plants


Coragen 35WG 2.0 6.5 c 5.0 c 0.3 b 1.8 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG 3.0 6.3 c 3.3 c 2.3 b 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 35WG1 3.0 3.3 c 6.8 c 1.5 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4.0 28.0 b 40.0 b 27.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 3.4 11.5 c 4.3 c 2.8 b 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC 5.1 10.5 c 7.3 c 2.0 b 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Coragen 2SC1 5.1 14.0 bc 7.0 c 2.5 b 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


LSD 1.75 1.67 1.32 0.67 0.00 0.00

S.D. 1.19 1.13 0.9 0.45 0.00 0.00

C.V. 29.13 29.81 35.34 38.05 0.00 0.00

F 18.691 22.514 15.681 0.651 0.000 0.000

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.7095 1.0000 1.0000

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Table 5. Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with foliar insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean defoliation rating per plot Treatment Rate

(oz/a) 19 June 22 June 26 June 4 July 9 July 17 July

Coragen 35WG 2.0 3.8 b 1.3 b 0.0 b 6.3 b 8.8 c 21.3 c

Coragen 35WG 3.0 1.3 bc 0.0 b 0.0 b 5.0 b 1.3 c 8.8 d

Coragen 35WG1 3.0 0.0 c 0.0 b 1.3 b 3.8 b 1.3 c 7.5 d

Asana XL + PBO 9.7 + 4.0 3.8 b 2.5 b 3.8 b 10.0 b 30.0 b 82.5 b

Coragen 2SC 3.4 1.3 bc 0.0 b 0.0 b 2.5 b 1.3 c 6.3 d

Coragen 2SC 5.1 1.3 bc 0.0 b 0.0 b 1.3 b 3.8 c 6.3 d

Coragen 2SC1 5.1 2.5 bc 0.0 b 0.0 b 6.3 b 1.3 c 8.8 d


LSD 3.64 5.24 9.48 13.94 13.46 10.93

S.D. 2.48 3.56 6.45 9.47 9.15 7.43

C.V. 63.43 84.43 95.95 74.86 55.26 25.17

F 20.782 34.478 27.929 21.214 41.110 99.230

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

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Title: Novaluron, (Rimon® 0.83 EC), Insecticide / Ovicide Experiments against Colorado Potato Beetle: (2007) Principal Investigator (s) Russell L. Groves, Entomology Extension Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-3229. Scott Chapman, Associate Research Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-9914. Experimental Site: Arlington Agricultural Experiment Station, Arlington, Wisconsin. Project Objective: Evaluate varying rates & timing of foliar applied Rimon (N=3), a conventional standard (Actara®), and an untreated control (UTC) targeting first egg deposition of Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB). Experimental Design: Treatments arranged in randomized, complete-block design with 3 Novaluron application rate & time interval combinations, a single Actara application, and an UTC replicated 4 times for a total of 20 experimental plots (Fig. 1).

Treatments: (N=5) # Applications Rate 1) novaluron (Rimon 0.83 EC) 2 (14 days) 12.0 fl

oz / A 2) novaluron (Rimon 0.83 EC) 3 (7 days) 8.0 fl

oz / A 3) novaluron (Rimon 0.83 EC) 4 (7days) 6.0 fl oz / A 4) thiamethoxam (Actara WG) 2 (14 days) 3.0 oz./ac 5) UTC

Plot Size / Row Spacing / Seed Spacing:

- 22 rows (66 ft) X 56 ft = 3,696 sq ft/plot (0.085 ac) - 6 ft spacing between plots

Crop and Cultivar: Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Superior’ Treatment Evaluations: Foliar insecticides were applied at the appearance of the first eggs using a tractor-mounted, CO2 pressurized, sprayer with a 30’ boom operating at 30 psi delivering 20 gpa through 12 flat-fan nozzles (8003VS-XR) spaced 20” apart @ 4 mph. CPB populations were surveyed weekly by counting all lifestages (eggs, larvae, adults) on 10 randomly selected

121



plants from the center 2 rows of each experimental plot. A total of 10, recently deposited CPB egg masses were collected from each replicate / treatment combination and % emergence recorded. Total yield was also recorded at the conclusion of the experiment from each treatment. Results and Discussion: Optimum planting and germination conditions were present during and shortly after planting which occurred 30 April 2007. During the later portion of the experiment (July), dry conditions prevailed over the plot and the plot was vine killed on 8 August 2007. Colorado potato beetle pressure at the experimental site was average to above average for what is typically observed at the Arlington AES. Two foliar applications of Baythroid® XL were applied on 9 and 17 July to control developing populations of potato leafhopper which has exceeded threshold in all plots. Very few differences in the mean number of adult CPB were observed among sample dates in the experimental plots. Overwintering adult CPB invaded the plots shortly after emergence from the soil and began mating and laying eggs within 10-15 days after colonization. Only a single significant reduction (F=5.04, df=4, 15, P=0.0089) in adult CPB numbers occurred on 20 June where fewer total numbers of adults were observed on the Actara 35WG foliar treatment (Table 1; Trt 4). In addition, few significant differences in the mean number of small larvae (L1 – L3) of CPB were detected among plants (Table 2). The greatest overall differences occurred between experimental treatments and the untreated control plots. Similarly, the different treatments examined in the study performed equally well in controlling developing populations of large CPB larvae, which can rapidly damage and defoliate young plants. Very few differences in mean numbers of large larvae (L4 & L5) were observed and significant differences were noted only between experimental treatments and the untreated controls (Table 3). Some significant differences in the mean number of egg masses recorded among experimental plots were observed (Table 4). No clear pattern emerged among the various treatments over time in the reduction of total counted egg masses. In general, all treatments performed nearly equally over sample dates to maintain egg mass densities well below untreated control plots. Notable differences were observed, however, in the number of viable egg masses collected throughout the experimental plots over time (Table 5). Specifically, Rimon® treatments significantly reduced egg viability in 3 of the 6 sample dates compared to the Actara® 25WG standard. Moreover, the treatments containing the most frequent applications (Trts 2 & 3) had the greatest overall reduction in egg mass viability compared the current labeled rates of Rimon or the Actara foliar applications, both applied twice and separated by 14 days. Finally, total yield and quality estimates among a sub-sample of tubers harvested from the plots revealed very few differences among the experimental treatments (Table 6). Only a single, significant reduction in total cwt / ac was observed between the untreated control and the remaining foliar treatments. In summary, the Rimon foliar applications performed equal to the Actara foliar standard in protecting the potato crop from damaging populations of the CPB throughout the entire first generation of beetle pressure (29 May – 5 July). Furthermore, the novaluron provided significant reductions in the number of viable egg masses compared with the Actara foliar standard and the UTC suggesting that this material does provide some ovicidal effects.

122

180 ft

75 ft101

104

103

102

105

204

202

205

201

203

302

301

304

303

305

403

402

401

405

404

Figure 1. Experimental plot layout for evaluation of foliar Novaluron treatments following appearance of first CPB eggs at the Arlington, AES, Arlington, Wisconsin 2007. Experimental plot size 66 ft X 56 ft with 4 replicates resulting in an experiment size (330’ X 254’), (1.92 acres). Experimental plots separated by 10’ spacing.

123

Table 1. Mean (± SE) number of adult Colorado potato beetles counted on 10 plants in experimental plots located at the Arlington, Agricultural Experiment Station (AES), Arlington, WI.

Mean (± SE) Number of Adult CPB / 10 plants1

Treatment

Trt No

Rate

Number of Applications

(days)2

29 May

7 June

13 June

20 June

27 June

5 July Rimon 0.83 EC 1 12.0 fl oz/ac 2

(14 days) 1.3 ± 0.5 a 3.8 ± 1.3 a 4.0 ± 1.6 a 2.8 ± 0.5 b 1.3 ± 0.6 a 1.8 ± 1.4 a

Rimon 0.83 EC 2 8.0 fl oz/ac 3 (7 days)

2.8 ± 1.8 a 2.3 ± 0.9 a 2.5 ± 1.0 a 3.5 ± 1.0 b 0.8 ± 0.3 a 0.5 ± 0.3 a


1.8 ± 1.0 a 2.3 ± 0.8 a 2.3 ± 0.5 a 2.8 ± 1.1 b 1.0 ± 0.7 a 1.0 ± 0.4 a

Actara 25WG 4 3.0 oz/ac 2 (14 days)

1.0 ± 0.7 a 1.5 ± 0.6 a 3.3 ± 1.3 a 0.3 ± 0.3 a 0.8 ± 0.3 a 0.5 ± 0.2 a

UTC

5 N/A

--

1.8 ± 1.2 a 1.5 ± 0.5 a 3.3 ± 1.3 a 1.3 ± 0.6 b 0.8 ± 0.3 a 7.5 ± 2.6 b

124

1 Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05; Fisher’s Protected LSD; n = 4). 2 Spray application dates occurred 22 and 29 May for treatment numbers 1 and 4. Application dates for treatment 2 occurred on 22 and 29 May and 7 June. Application dates for treatment 3 occurred on 22 and 29 May plus 7 and 13 June.

Table 2. Mean (± SE) number of small larvae (L1 – L3) of Colorado potato beetles counted on 10 plants in experimental plots located at the Arlington, Agricultural Experiment Station (AES), Arlington, WI.

Mean (± SE) Number of CPB Small Larvae/ 10 plants1

Treatment

Trt No

Rate


(days)2

29 May

7 June

13 June

20 June

27 June


(14 days) 0.0 0.0 a 4.0 ± 3.8 ab 4.3 ± 2.8 a 0.0 a 4.8 ± 4.8 a


0.0 0.0 a 5.3 ± 2.3 ab 0.5 ± 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


0.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.8 ± 1.9 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


0.0 0.3 ± 0.3 a 10.3 ± 6.2 ab 0.0 a 0.8 ± 0.8 a 0.0 a

UTC

5 N/A

--

0.0 2.5 ± 2.2 b 14.5 ± 8.2 b 15.5 ± 6.1 b 40.0 ± 12.3 b 15.8 ± 2.8 b

125


Table 3. Mean (± SE) number of large larvae (L4 & L5) of Colorado potato beetles counted on 10 plants in experimental plots located at the Arlington, Agricultural Experiment Station (AES), Arlington, WI.

Mean (± SE) Number of CPB Large Larvae/ 10 plants1

Treatment

Trt No

Rate


(days)2

29 May

7 June

13 June

20 June

27 June


(14 days) 0.0 0.0 0.0 a 1.3 ± 0.9 a 2.0 ± 1.1 a 5.5 ± 3.4 a


0.0 0.0 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 ± 0.3 a 0.3 ± 0.3 a


0.0 0.0 0.0 a 1.5 ± 1.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a


0.0 0.0 0.5 ± 0.5 a 0.0 a 1.0 ± 1.0 a 0.0 a

UTC

5 N/A

--

0.0 0.0 6.0 ± 3.8 b 30.5 ± 16.1 b 34.3 ± 13.3 b 35.5 ± 6.1 b

126


Table 4. Mean (± SE) number of egg masses of Colorado potato beetles counted on 10 plants in experimental plots located at the Arlington, Agricultural Experiment Station (AES), Arlington, WI.

Mean (± SE) Number of CPB Egg Masses / 10 plants1

Treatment

Trt No

Rate


(days)2

29 May

7 June

13 June

20 June

27 June


(14 days) 0.8 ± 0.5 a 1.8 ± 0.9 ab 9.8 ± 1.8 a 2.5 ± 1.2 b 1.0 ± 0.7 a 0.8 ± 0.3 a


1.8 ± 1.1 ab 1.0 ± 0.7 ab 9.0 ± 2.0 a 2.3 ± 0.9 b 4.3 ± 2.3 b 0.5 ± 0.3 a


3.3 ± 1.0 b 3.5 ± 0.3 c 8.5 ± 2.5 a 3.5 ± 0.5 b 2.8 ± 0.8 b 1.8 ± 0.5 a


5.6 ± 3.0 b 0.5 ± 0.3 a 11.5 ± 2.8 a 0.8 ± 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.5 ± 0.5 a

UTC

5 N/A

--

2.5 ± 0.9 b 1.3 ± 0.9 b 11.0 ± 2.6 a 8.3 ± 2.2 c 2.0 ± 0.9 b 0.8 ± 0.3 a

127


Table 5. Mean (± SE) percent Colorado potato beetle egg mass hatch from egg masses collected in experimental plots located at the Arlington, Agricultural Experiment Station (AES), Arlington, WI. Mean (± SE) Percent CPB Egg Mass Hatch / 10 Egg Masses1

Treatment

Trt No

Rate


(days)2

29 May

7 June

13 June

20 June

27 June


(14 days) 70.0 ± 14.7 a 65.0 ± 13.2 a 80.0 ± 7.0 b 47.5 ± 10.3 b 42.5 ± 8.5 b 35.0 ± 6.5 b


77.5 ± 4.7 a 90.0 ± 4.1 b 17.5 ± 7.5 a 15.0 ± 6.5 a 20.0 ± 9.1 a 20.0 ± 9.1 ab


82.5 ± 6.3 a 90.0 ± 4.3 b 15.0 ± 6.5 a 12.5 ± 7.5 a 20.0 ± 7.0 a 10.0 ± 7.1 a


97.5 ± 2.5 a 95.0 ± 2.8 b 92.5 ± 4.7 b 85.0 ± 6.5 c 70.0 ± 6.8 c 90.0 ± 4.1 c

UTC

5 N/A

--

100.0 a 100.0 b 95.0 ± 2.9 b 85.0 ± 6.5 c 95.0 ± 2.0 d 97.5 ± 2.5 c

128


Table 6. Mean (± SE) yield and quality parameters collected from experimental treatments located at the Arlington, Agricultural Experiment Station (AES), Arlington, WI.

Mean Yield and Quality Parameters / Treatment1

Treatment

Trt No

Rate


(days)

Mean Proportion. US #1, Grade A

Mean Proportion. US #1, Grade B

Mean Total Yield

(cwt. / ac) Rimon 0.83 EC 1 12.0 fl oz/ac 2

(14 days) 91.4 ± 1.4 a 8.6 ± 1.4 a 549.9 ± 45.5 a


93.4 ± 2.5 a 6.6 ± 2.5 a 565.9 ± 44.7 a


91.6 ± 2.6 a 8.4 ± 2.6 a 572.8 ± 54.7 a


91.9 ± 1.1 a 8.1 ± 1.1 a 493.2 ± 34.7 ab

UTC

5 N/A

--

88.9 ± 2.5 a 11.1 ± 2.5 a 422.4 ± 52.4 b

129

1 Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05; Fisher’s Protected LSD; n = 4).

Part 3. Full Season Insect Control with Systemic and Foliar Insecticides – Hancock 2007.

In a study conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, Wisconsin, experimental and registered systemic and foliar insecticides were evaluated for efficacy on Colorado potato beetles, potato leafhoppers and aphids. Insect management programs were designed to primarily target the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). Insecticides were chosen to target early, mid and late season CPB populations; not necessarily 1st or 2nd generations.

Russet Burbank variety potatoes were planted on 23 April 2007 into twelve 50’ row plots, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. All plots were separated by 15’ of cultivated alleyway and replicates were 15’ apart. Plot maintenance was per commercial production practices and was completed by HARS personnel.

Nine management programs were evaluated: Systemic based programs:

1. Cruiser 5FS (0.16 fl. oz./cwt) seed treated followed by; Coragen 35WG (3.0 oz./a) + MSO at 0.5%v/v. 2 apps (6 days)

2. Admire Pro 4.6SC (7.0 fl oz/a) in furrow followed by; Alverde 2SC (4.5 oz/a) + Penetrator Plus at 0.25% v/v. 2 apps (10-14 days)

Foliar based programs:

3. Spintor 2SC (4.5 fl. oz./a) 2 apps (7-10 days) (PLH) Pounce 3.2EC (4 fl oz/a) foliar on 11 June, 10 July Coragen 35WG (3.0 oz./a) + MSO at 0.5%v/v. 2 apps (10-14 days)

4. Rimon 0.83EC (12 fl. oz./a) 2 apps (7-10 days) (PLH) Pounce 3.2EC (4 fl oz/a) foliar on 11 June, 10 July Alverde 2SC (4.5 oz/a) + Penetrator Plus at 0.25% v/v. 2 apps (10-14 days)

5. Agrimek 0.15EC (8 fl oz/a) 2 apps (7-10 days) Endigo (3.0 oz/a) 2 apps (7-10 days) (PLH) Pounce 3.2EC (4 fl oz/a) foliar on 11 June, 10 July

6. Alverde 2SC (4.5 oz/a) + Penetrator Plus at 0.25% v/v. 2 apps (10-14 days) Radiant 1CS (6.0 oz/a) 2 apps (10-14 days) (PLH) Pounce 3.2EC (4 fl oz/a) foliar on 11 June, 10 July

130

7. Coragen 35WG (3.0 oz./a) + MSO at 0.5%v/v. 2 apps (10-14 days) Endigo (3.0 oz/a) 2 apps (7-10 days) (PLH) Pounce 3.2EC (4 fl oz/a) foliar on 11 June, 10 July

8. Endigo (3.0 oz/a) 2 apps (7-10 days) Agrimek 0.15EC (8 fl oz/a) 2 apps (7-10 days) (PLH) Pounce 3.2EC (4 fl oz/a) foliar on 11 June, 10 July

9. Assail 70WP (4.0 oz./a) 2 apps (10-14 days) (PLH) Pounce 3.2EC (4 fl oz/a) foliar on 11 June, 10 July Coragen 35WG (3.0 oz./a) + MSO at 0.5%v/v. 2 apps (10-14 days)

Seed spray treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer

operating at 30 psi. Preweighed, cut and suberized potato seed was placed in a single layer and sprayed with half of a spray solution. The seed was allowed to dry and then it was flipped over and the remaining spray solution was applied on the other half of the seed pieces. Treated seed was machine planted into solid blocks of potatoes (36’ x 50’). In furrow insecticides were applied in a 4-6” band over suberized seed pieces placed into an open furrow using a CO2 pressurized back pack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (TXVS-6) delivering 5 gpa at 30 psi.

Foliar materials were applied with Hancock Agricultural Research Stations “Spray Coupe”.

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) populations were surveyed weekly from 31 May through 14 August by counting CPB life stages (adults, egg masses, small and large larvae) on ten plants randomly selected from the center two rows of each plot. Damage was recorded weekly by estimating percent defoliation of each plot. Potato leafhopper adults were surveyed weekly from 31 May through 7 August with sweep sampling (25 sweeps per plot). Potato leafhopper nymph, green peach aphid and potato aphids were also surveyed weekly from 5 June through 7 August but with leaf sampling (25 leaves per plot).


Plots were vine killed on 1 September (Reglone 1 pt./a) and a single row from the center from each plot was harvested and graded for yield on 29 August. Plot maintenance was conducted by Hancock Agriculture Research Station personnel and was per commercial production.

131

Table 1. Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 10 plants Management

Program 31 May 5 June 11 June 19 June 25 June 4 July

1 3.7 a 4.0 a 7.7 a 1.7 a 0.7 a 3.7 bc

2 1.0 a 3.3 a 5.7 a 2.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 d

3 5.0 a 4.0 a 6.0 a 2.0 a 0.3 a 3.0 bcd

4 6.3 a 5.7 a 3.3 a 0.7 a 0.7 a 5.0 b

5 5.3 a 6.7 a 4.7 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 d

6 7.7 a 6.3 a 10.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.7 cd

7 1.0 a 3.3 a 3.0 a 1.7 a 1.0 a 3.3 bc

8 4.7 a 5.3 a 5.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 30.0 a

9 2.7 a 3.0 a 3.3 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 3.0 bcd

LSD 1.57 0.95 1.68 0.83 0.38 0.9

S.D. 0.9 0.55 0.97 0.48 0.22 0.52

C.V. 43.02 23.96 40.46 35.66 19.04 23.87

F 0.957 0.944 0.53 1.136 1.202 20.114

Prob. (F) 0.5003 0.5092 0.8176 0.392 0.3571 0.0001

132

(Continued) Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05).

Table 1. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 10 plants Management

Program 9 July 17 July 24 July 31 July 7 August

1 0.7 a 22.3 b 66.0 a 6.7 a 17.3 a

2 1.7 a 48.0 a 16.0 b 1.7 a 12.7 a

3 5.0 a 3.0 c 4.7 b 7.7 a 25.3 a

4 7.3 a 12.0 bc 4.7 b 11.0 a 34.3 a

5 5.0 a 4.7 c 9.7 b 15.7 a 37.0 a

6 8.3 a 5.3 bc 7.7 b 9.3 a 23.7 a

7 5.0 a 8.3 bc 10.0 b 5.0 a 18.7 a

8 24.0 a 21.3 b 6.0 b 11.0 a 27.3 a

9 10.3 a 4.0 c 5.3 b 4.3 a 13.7 a

LSD 2.09 2.12 2.51 1.57 2.71

S.D. 1.2 1.23 1.45 0.91 1.56

C.V. 47.12 35.74 42.78 32 33.5

F 2.386 5.016 3.841 1.89 0.962

Prob. (F) 0.066 0.003 0.0106 0.1325 0.4973

133

Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05).

Table 2. Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean egg masses per 10 plants Management


1 8.7 a 12.3 a 3.3 a 3.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

2 1.0 a 1.7 a 5.7 a 2.3 ab 0.7 a 0.0 a

3 16.3 a 9.0 a 3.0 a 2.0 abc 0.0 a 1.0 a

4 14.3 a 12.7 a 4.7 a 1.7 abc 0.0 a 0.7 a

5 14.3 a 11.3 a 4.3 a 0.0 c 0.3 a 0.0 a

6 12.7 a 11.3 a 8.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 1.0 a 5.0 a 2.7 a 2.3 abc 0.3 a 0.3 a

8 5.3 a 15.3 a 5.0 a 0.3 bc 0.0 a 0.3 a

9 14.3 a 9.3 a 4.0 a 0.3 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 2.4 1.59 1.16 0.71 0.34 0.48

S.D. 1.38 0.92 0.67 0.41 0.2 0.28

C.V. 46.95 29.53 29.65 28.46 18.38 25.21

F 1.598 2.29 0.756 2.608 0.661 0.629

Prob. (F) 0.2021 0.0754 0.6448 0.0489 0.7176 0.7424

134


Table 2. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle egg masses sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean egg masses per 10 plants Management


1 0.3 a 1.7 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a

2 0.3 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 a

3 0.3 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.0 a

4 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.3 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 a

7 1.0 a 0.3 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 1.3 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.7 a 1.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a

LSD 0.57 0.6 0.48 0.24 0.48

S.D. 0.33 0.35 0.28 0.14 0.28

C.V. 26.78 25.31 25.69 13.72 24.78

F 0.654 0.828 0.855 1.000 1.105

Prob. (F) 0.7232 0.5909 0.571 0.4726 0.4091

135


Table 3. Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean larvae per 10 plants Management


1 6.7 a 30.7 a 0 f 20.0 a 61.7 ab 4.0 a

2 0 a 0.0 c 1.7 ef 44.3 a 68.0 a 0.0 a

3 0 a 2.7 bc 13.0 def 49.7 a 0.0 c 9.7 a

4 4 a 39.3 a 24.7 cde 49.7 a 11.7 bc 8.0 a

5 0 a 19 abc 108.7 a 63.3 a 3.0 c 18.0 a

6 0.7 a 27.7 ab 60 abc 51.0 a 7.7 c 1.3 a

7 0 a 0.0 c 51.3 bcd 60.7 a 10.0 c 0.3 a

8 1 a 19.3 abc 100.3 ab 76.0 a 7.0 c 0.7 a

9 2 a 28.7 a 69.3 abc 36.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

LSD 1.41 3.39 3.45 3.4 3.23 2.39

S.D. 0.81 1.96 1.99 1.97 1.87 1.38

C.V. 60.02 53.23 33.33 28.68 53.86 72.6

F 0.864 3.166 8.898 1.154 5.114 1.475

Prob. (F) 0.5646 0.0237 0.0001 0.3824 0.0027 0.2414

136


Table 3. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle small larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



1 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 bc 1.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 c 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 0.7 a 6.3 a 1.0 c 0.0 a 1.0 a

4 11.3 a 1.7 a 2.3 bc 1.3 a 0.0 a

5 1.0 a 1.3 a 0.7 c 5.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 a 3.7 a 5.7 bc 0.7 a 1.7 a

7 1.0 a 4.3 a 12.0 ab 0.0 a 1.7 a

8 1.7 a 6.3 a 1.3 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 1.0 a 0.0 a 19.3 a 1.3 a 0.0 a

LSD 1.41 1.84 1.86 1.21 0.77

S.D. 0.81 1.06 1.08 0.7 0.44

C.V. 57.25 66.34 53.08 55.03 38.65

F 1.865 0.834 3.241 0.683 0.748

Prob. (F) 0.1374 0.5865 0.0216 0.7009 0.6507

137


Table 4. Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d 1.0 e 43.3 ab 11.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d 9.3 de 67.7 a 0.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 cd 13.3 bcd 0.3 e 12.0 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.7 d 9.0 cde 23.7 bcd 5.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 4.7 bcd 28.7 b 6.3 de 19.7 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.3 a-d 22.7 bcd 10 cde 4.0 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 13.7 ab 34 b 20 bcd 5.0 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 12 abc 90.0 a 31.3 abc 7.3 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 20.0 a 27.0 bc 1.0 e 0.7 a

LSD 0 0 1.95 2.22 2.84 2.28

S.D. 0 0 1.13 1.28 1.64 1.32

C.V. 0 0 48.35 27.87 39.78 53.55

F 0 0 3.671 9.89 6.004 1.986

Prob. (F) 1 1 0.0129 0.0001 0.0012 0.1156

138


Table 4. (Continued). Colorado potato beetle large larvae sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



1 3.3 a 0.3 a 2.3 cd 2.0 a 0.0 c

2 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.7 d 0.0 a 1.3 bc

3 8.0 a 13.7 a 34 ab 1.0 a 4.7 bc

4 10.7 a 11.7 a 47.7 a 0.0 a 0.7 c

5 15.7 a 10.7 a 25.0 ab 0.7 a 10.0 ab

6 8.3 a 2.3 a 22.3 a-d 1.0 a 23.3 a

7 4.0 a 1.3 a 9.0 bcd 0.0 a 7.0 bc

8 13.3 a 6.0 a 30.7 abc 1.0 a 6.0 bc

9 4.0 a 3.7 a 21.7 abc 0.3 a 3.0 bc

LSD 1.89 1.85 3.28 0.66 1.98

S.D. 1.09 1.07 1.9 0.38 1.15

C.V. 40.68 48.44 46.16 31.13 50.63

F 1.778 2.455 2.934 0.96 2.808

Prob. (F) 0.1557 0.0601 0.0319 0.4987 0.0375

139


Table 5. Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean defoliation ratings per plot Management


1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 b 3.3 a 8.3 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 b 5.0 a 11.7 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 b 0.0 a 0.0 b

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 b 3.3 a 0.0 b

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 b 0.0 a 0.0 b

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.3 b 1.7 a 0.0 b

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 b 3.3 a 0.0 b

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 15.0 a 10.0 a 0.0 b

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 b 0.0 a 0.0 b

LSD 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.37 7.04 5.86

S.D. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.68 4.07 3.39

C.V. 0.00 0.00 0.00 132.48 137.3 152.33

F 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.923 1.86 5.273

Prob. (F) 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.0033 0.1384 0.0023

140


Table 5. (Continued). Percent defoliation ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean defoliation ratings per plot Management


1 1.7 b 5.0 b 31.7 bc 36.7 abc 48.3 a

2 5.0 b 13.3 b 36.7 b 48.3 ab 68.3 a

3 0.0 b 1.7 b 5.0 d 8.3 d 53.3 a

4 0.0 b 8.3 b 28.3 bcd 30.0 bcd 85.0 a

5 0.0 b 5.0 b 10.0 cd 11.7 cd 66.7 a

6 0.0 b 5.0 b 5.0 d 5.0 d 51.7 a

7 0.0 b 5.0 b 10.0 cd 6.7 d 60.0 a

8 15.0 a 35.0 a 63.3 a 63.3 a 80.0 a

9 0.0 b 3.3 b 6.7 cd 10.0 cd 48.3 a

LSD 6.66 14.12 25.45 27.99 42.03

S.D. 3.85 8.16 14.7 16.17 24.28

C.V. 159.88 89.9 67.29 66.15 38.9

F 5.078 4.762 5.478 5.147 0.937

Prob. (F) 0.0028 0.0039 0.0019 0.0026 0.5139

141


Table 6. Potato leafhopper adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 25 sweeps Management

Program 5 June 13 June 19 June 26 June 3 July

1 41.3 a 14.3 b 2.0 a 2.3 c 3.3 c

2 3.0 b 11.3 b 0.0 a 2.7 c 4.3 bc

3 35.3 a 49.0 a 7.0 a 14.3 a 26.7 a

4 40.0 a 52.3 a 4.0 a 9.0 a 16.7 ab

5 41.0 a 56.0 a 7.0 a 8.3 ab 35.3 a

6 31.7 a 64.3 a 6.3 a 9.0 a 17.3 a

7 4.3 b 54.7 a 4.3 a 8.7 a 24.3 a

8 39.3 a 47.0 a 2.3 a 1.3 c 2.3 c

9 39.7 a 66.0 a 4.7 a 3.3 bc 17.3 a

LSD 1.17 2.08 1.53 1.02 1.97

S.D. 0.68 1.2 0.89 0.59 1.14

C.V. 12.79 18.28 42.13 22.71 29.63

F 23.095 6.61 1.228 5.887 4.987

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0007 0.3445 0.0013 0.0031

142


Table 6. (Continued). Potato leafhopper adults sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 25 sweeps Management


1 19.0 bc 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.7 a 0.0 a

2 13.0 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 53.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 1.0 a 0.0 a

4 33.0 ab 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

5 46.3 a 0.0 a 1.7 a 1.3 a 0.0 a

6 52.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 2.0 a 0.0 a

7 59.7 a 0.7 a 1.0 a 5.3 a 0.0 a

8 9.3 c 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 19.7 bc 0.3 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 2.04 0.29 0.61 0.84 0.00

S.D. 1.18 0.17 0.35 0.49 0.00

C.V. 21 15.94 28.05 36.51 0.00

F 6.634 0.847 0.962 2.481 0.000

Prob. (F) 0.0007 0.5765 0.497 0.058 1.0000

143


Table 7. Potato leafhopper nymphs sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean nymphs per 25 leaves Management


1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.7 c 0.0 c 1.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.7 bc 0.0 c 2.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 45.0 a 38.7 a 5.7 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 24.7 a 28.3 a 3.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 25.3 a 33.0 ab 3.3 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 17.3 ab 60.3 a 1.7 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 43.0 a 20 abc 4.3 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 44.3 a 0.0 c 0.3 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 25.0 a 1.3 bc 0.3 a

LSD 0.00 0.00 2.76 3.79 1.16

S.D. 0.00 0.00 1.59 2.19 0.67

C.V. 0.00 0.00 34.87 60.88 39.28

F 0.000 0.000 4.449 3.796 1.580

Prob. (F) 1.0000 1.0000 0.0054 0.0111 0.2075

144


Table 7. (Continued). Potato leafhopper nymphs sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean nymphs per 25 leaves Management


1 4.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 4.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 8.3 a 0.0 a 8.7 a 0.7 a 0.3 a

4 6.0 a 0.0 a 4.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

5 11.0 a 1.0 a 5.3 a 0.0 a 0.1 a

6 2.7 a 0.0 a 1.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 10.0 a 0.3 a 3.7 a 0.7 a 0.0 a

8 4.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 1.7 a 0.3 a 2.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 1.81 0.39 1.46 0.36 0.14

S.D. 1.04 0.23 0.84 0.21 0.08

C.V. 42.93 21.36 49.09 19.59 7.85

F 0.774 0.779 2.036 0.808 1

Prob. (F) 0.631 0.6274 0.1077 0.6054 0.4725

145


Table 8. Hopperburn ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean hopperburn per plot Management


1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

S.D. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

C.V. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

F 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Prob. (F) 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

146

(Continued) Hopperburn rating scale 1-5. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05).

Table 8. (Continued). Hopperburn ratings from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean hopperburn per plot Management

Program 10 July 17 July 25 July 31 July

1 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.7 cd 1.3 a

3 0.0 a 1.3 a 1.7 ab 1.3 a

4 0.0 a 1 ab 2.3 a 1.0 a

5 0.3 a 1.3 a 2.0 ab 0.7 a

6 0.0 a 1.3 a 1.3 bc 1.0 a

7 0.0 a 1.3 a 2.3 a 0.7 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.3 d 1.0 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.7 cd 0.3 a

LSD 0.33 0.95 0.93 1.24

S.D. 0.19 0.55 0.54 0.71

C.V. 519.62 74.06 42.55 87.58

F 1.000 4.092 8.065 1.164

Prob. (F) 0.4726 0.0080 0.0002 0.3772

147

Hopperburn rating scale 1-5. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, LSD (P=0.05).

Table 9. Aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per 25 sweeps Management


1 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a

3 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.7 a

4 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 1.7 a

5 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.7 a

6 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 1.0 a 1.0 a

7 0.0 a 2 a 0.7 a 1.0 a 1.0 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.3 a 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 a

LSD 0.24 0.57 0.29 0.43 0.64

S.D. 0.14 0.33 0.17 0.25 0.37

C.V. 13.2 27.57 15.94 21.76 29.35

F 0.75 1.363 0.847 1.174 0.744

Prob. (F) 0.6491 0.284 0.5765 0.3715 0.6535

148


Table 9. (Continued). Aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per 25 sweeps Management


1 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.7 a

2 1.7 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.3 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 4.0 a 1.0 a

4 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 6.7 a 0.0 a

5 1.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 a 2.2 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.7 a 2.0 a 2.3 a

7 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 2.7 a 2.1 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.0 a 0.7 a

9 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.3 a 3.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.64 0.18 0.31 1.19 0.69

S.D. 0.37 0.11 0.18 0.68 0.4

C.V. 31.26 10.23 16.9 38.47 30.51

F 0.969 1 0.794 1.096 1.268

Prob. (F) 0.4926 0.4725 0.6162 0.4142 0.3254

149


Table 10. Green peach aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per 25 leaves Management


1 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a

3 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

4 0.7 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.7 a

5 0.7 a 0.7 a 0.7 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 0.7 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.7 a 0.3 a 1.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.49 0.57 0.47 0.20 0.29

S.D. 0.28 0.33 0.27 0.12 0.17

C.V. 24.92 27.08 24.82 11.27 15.94

F 0.608 0.680 1.000 0.824 0.847

Prob. (F) 0.7585 0.7033 0.4726 0.594 0.5765

150


Table 10. (Continued). Green peach aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.7 a 0.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0 a 3.3 a 0.7 a

4 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

5 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.1 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

8 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.26 0.00 0.29 0.84 0.24

S.D. 0.15 0.00 0.17 0.48 0.14

C.V. 14.3 0.00 15.94 42.92 13.72

F 0.69 0.000 0.847 0.843 1.000

Prob. (F) 0.6955 1.0000 0.5765 0.58 0.4726

151


Table 11. Potato aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.7 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.0 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.7 a

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

6 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.3 a

7 0.0 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 2.3 a 1.0 a

8 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.14 0.27 0.14 0.63 0.51

S.D. 0.08 0.16 0.08 0.36 0.30

C.V. 7.85 14.54 7.85 29.66 26.38

F 1.000 2.557 1.000 1.615 0.576

Prob. (F) 0.4725 0.0523 0.4725 0.1971 0.7833

152


Table 11. (Continued). Potato aphids sampled from Russet Burbank variety potatoes managed with various insecticide programs. Hancock Ag Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.



1 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

3 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.0 a

4 0.3 a 0.0 a 3.7 a 4.0 a 0.0 a

5 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

6 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 0.3 a

7 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.0 a 0.1 a

8 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

9 0.0 a 1.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 0.14 0.41 0.82 0.81 0.14

S.D. 0.08 0.24 0.47 0.47 0.08

C.V. 7.85 22.75 42.56 36.57 7.85

F 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.98 1.000

Prob. (F) 0.4725 0.4726 0.4726 0.1166 0.4725

153


Table 12. Yields from Russet Burbank variety potatoes treated with systemic insecticides. Hancock Agricultural Research Station, Hancock, WI 2007.

%Grade Management

program A B

Yield (cwt/A)

1 59.0 a 41.0 a 517.3 a

2 79.1 a 20.9 a 528.3 a

3 72.7 a 27.3 a 488.6 a

4 71.1 a 28.9 a 509.6 a

5 67.7 a 32.3 a 544.8 a

6 80.3 a 19.7 a 515.1 a

7 75.8 a 24.2 a 533.5 a

8 68.7 a 31.3 a 494.7 a

9 78.9 a 21.1 a 551.6 a

LSD 15.98 15.98 142.39

S.D. 9.23 9.23 82.26

C.V. 12.72 33.68 24.23

F 1.662 1.662 1.208

Prob. (F) 0.1841 0.1841 0.3542

Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different LSD (P = 0.05).

154

Section II. Insect Control on Other Crops. In the Midwestern United States snap beans are grown primarily for processing

with production areas in Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, and Michigan. Wisconsin ranks first nationally with 35% of national production on over 80,000 acres valued at $36 million annually.

The most damaging insect pests are those that attack the pods which result in either pod damage or contamination of the processed product. The European corn borer (ECB) and to a lesser extent the corn earworm (CEW) are the major pod feeding pests with damage primarily from 2nd generation ECB and late flights of CEW in August/September. Damage from both species occurs from flowering to harvest, creating a treatment window of 30-7 days before harvest. Pods are protected during this window with a 2-4 spray program when crop maturity coincides with moth flights. A typical spray program in Wisconsin includes a pyrethroid (Capture, Warrior, or Mustang) frequently used in rotation with an organophosphate (Orthene).

Although many of the insecticides used on snap beans are targeted at bloom/pod pests, there is never the less a complex of insects which frequently attacks snap beans prior to bloom. These insect pests in Wisconsin have traditionally been the seed corn maggot (SCM) and potato leafhopper (PLH). SCM adults lay eggs in the soil over freshly planted bean seeds and larvae (maggots) tunnel in germinating seeds and plants causing seedling distortion and stand loss. Control of SCM has been achieved with a seed treatment using the organophosphate (OP) insecticide Lorsban with most of the snap bean acreage being treated. PLH adults migrate into emerged beans and feed by extracting sap and causing leaf chlorosis, necrosis and yield loss. Control of PLH is achieved with foliar sprays at threshold using low rates of pyrethroids (Capture, Warrior, Asana, and Mustang), organophosphates (Dimethoate) or carbamates (Sevin, Lannate).

Part 1. Insect Control on Snap Beans, Arlington, WI 2007. A. European Corn Borer Control on Snap Bean with Foliar Insecticides.

Arlington. In 2007, an experiment was established at the Arlington Entomology Research

Farm to evaluate efficacy of registered and experimental insecticides on European corn borer larvae (ECB) on snap bean.

Plots of Hystyle variety snap beans were planted on 11 June and consisted of two rows by 50’, planted on 30” centers. Plots were separated by two untreated border rows and 12’ alleyways separated four replications arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design. Metolachlor (Dual II Magnum) at 2.0 pint product per acre was applied on 12 June and imazomox (Raptor) at 4.0 ounces product per acre and Basagran (bentazon) at 1 pt/a were applied on 26 June for weed control. Plots were also mechanically cultivated and hand weeded as necessary to maintain weed control.

All materials were applied at 25 gpa with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a 6' boom operating at 30 psi.

155

The following insecticides were evaluated for ECB efficacy on snap bean: Altacor 2SC (0.044 and 0.066 lb. a.i./a) Warrior 1CS (0.025 lb. a.i./a) Tesoro 4E (0.2 lb. a.i./a) Capture 2EC (0.07 lb. a.i./a) Spintor 2SC (0.094 lb. a.i./a) Entrust 80WP (0.125 lb. a.i./a) Lannate 29E (0.91 lb. a.i./a) Radiant 1SC (0.035 and 0.047 lb. a.i./a) Alverde 2SC (0.18 and 0.214 lb. a.i./a) Orthene 97SP (1.0 lb. a.i./a) Rimon 0.83EC (0.078 lb. a.i./a) Dipel 54DF (0.54 and 1.08 lb. a.i./a) Aza-Direct (0.0123 and 0.0247 lb. a.i./a) Avaunt 30WG (0.0656 and 0.112 lb. a.i./a) Intrepid 2SC (0.156 lb. a.i./a)

Insecticide applications were made on 28 July, which was three days after the first ECB infestation (25 July) and three days prior to the second infestation (31 July).

Five consecutive plants in each plot were pinned with wax paper strips, each containing 10 blackhead stage ECB egg masses. Egg masses were placed on the plants during optimal environmental conditions (early evening hours) to increase larval survival.

Plots were harvested and evaluated on 17 August (early pinning) and 21 August (late pinning) and included the inspection of the pods and stems of the five infested plants from each infestation, recording damage and presence of live larvae.

156

Table 1. European corn borer larvae and damage on Hystyle variety snap beans infested on 25 July. Arlington, WI 2007.

Damage per 5 plants Mean larvae from stems Mean larvae from pods

Treatment Rate (lb. a.i./A) Plants Stems Pods

Total pods Small Large Small Large

Untreated --- 5.0 a 8.5 ab 8.5 b 65.0 a 2.3 a 1.5 b 4.0 a 2.0 a-d Altacor 2SC1 0.044 1.5 fg 1.5 g 0.8 h 86.0 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.0 d 0.0 f Altacor 2SC1 0.066 1.3 fg 1.3 g 1.0 gh 71.5 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.0 d 0.0 f Warrior 1CS 0.025 2.8 c-f 5.3 b-f 5.5 b-g 79.3 a 1.0 a 0.5 bc 1.0 bcd 2.8 ab Tesoro 4EC 0.20 4.5 ab 11.0 a 8.3 b 78.5 a 1.8 a 1.0 bc 1.0 bcd 2.8 abc Capture 2EC 0.07 2 d-g 1.5 g 2.8 d-h 95.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 cd 0.5 def Spintor 2SC 0.094 2.3 d-g 2.5 fg 3.3 c-h 92.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 0.3 cd 0.8 def Entrust 80WP 0.125 2.3 d-g 2.8 efg 2.8 d-h 58.3 a 0.0 a 0.0 c 0.5 cd 0.0 f Lannate 29E 0.90 3.5 a-d 4.0 d-g 7.3 bcd 65.8 a 1.3 a 0.8 bc 1.0 bcd 2.5 abc Radiant 1SC 0.035 2.3 d-g 2.8 efg 4.3 b-h 83.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 c 0.5 cd 1.0 b-f Radiant 1SC 0.047 3.5 a-d 6.8 bcd 7.0 b-e 100.3 a 0.5 a 0.3 bc 1.3 bcd 2.8 abc LSD 1.55 3.61 4.64 53.43 0.46 0.43 0.55 0.57 S.D. 1.1 2.55 3.28 37.78 0.32 0.3 0.39 0.4 C.V. 39.97 58.18 65.03 48.99 26.7 24.97 30.15 28.24 F 4.647 5.186 3.381 0.834 1.573 2.401 1.783 2.911 Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.6836 0.073 0.0023 0.0316 0.0003

157

(continued) Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). 1MSO was added at 0.5% v/v. 2Penetrator Plus was added at 0.25% v/v.

Table 1. (Continued) European corn borer larvae and damage on Hystyle variety snap beans infested on 25 July. Arlington, WI 2007.




Alverde 2SC2 0.18 4.0 abc 7.8 abc 4.3 b-h 55.5 a 0.0 a 0.8 bc 0.8 cd 1.0 b-f

Alverde 2SC2 0.214 4.0 abc 7.0 bcd 6.8 b-e 60.3 a 0.0 a 0.3 bc 1.0 bcd 1.3 b-f

Orthene 97SP 1.0 1.5 fg 1.3 g 1.3 gh 58.8 a 0.3 a 0.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 f

Rimon 0.83EC 0.078 3.5 a-d 7.0 bcd 4.0 b-h 63.0 a 0.8 a 1.0 bc 0.8 cd 2.0 a-d

Dipel 54DF 0.54 3.3 b-e 4.5 c-g 7.5 bc 89.5 a 0.8 a 1.3 b 1.5 abc 2.0 a-d

Dipel 54DF 1.08 4.0 abc 7.0 bcd 6.0 b-f 56.3 a 0.8 a 0.3 bc 0.5 cd 1.0 b-f Aza-Direct 0.1EC 0.0123 3.3 b-e 6.3 b-e 7.0 b-e 70.5 a 1.3 a 1.3 b 1.3 bcd 1.8 b-e Aza-Direct 0.1EC 0.0247 4.5 ab 8.8 ab 14.3 a 75.5 a 1.0 a 3.3 a 2.8 ab 4.5 a

Avaunt 30WG 0.0656 2.0 d-g 2.3 fg 6.8 b-e 68.3 a 0.5 a 0.0 c 0.8 cd 0.8 c-f

Avaunt 30WG 0.11 1.8 efg 3.5 d-g 4.5 b-h 121.0 a 1.0 a 0.3 bc 0.5 cd 1.5 b-f

Intrepid 2SC 0.156 2.3 d-g 2.8 efg 5.0 b-h 70.0 a 1.0 a 1.3 bc 0.5 cd 0.3 ef

LSD 1.55 3.61 4.64 53.43 0.46 0.43 0.55 0.57

S.D. 1.1 2.55 3.28 37.78 0.32 0.3 0.39 0.4

C.V. 39.97 58.18 65.03 48.99 26.7 24.97 30.15 28.24

F 4.647 5.186 3.381 0.834 1.573 2.401 1.783 2.911

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.6836 0.073 0.0023 0.0316 0.0003

158

Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). 1MSO was added at 0.5% v/v. 2Penetrator Plus was added at 0.25% v/v.

Table 2. European corn borer larvae and damage on Hystyle variety snap beans infested on 31 July. Arlington, WI 2007.




Untreated --- 4.3 a 9.0 a 1.5 ab 75.3 a 6.0 a 1.8 ab 2.3 ab 5.0 a Altacor 2SC1 0.044 1.5 cd 2.0 cd 1.0 c 87.0 a 0.0 c 1.0 c 0.0 e 1.5 fg Altacor 2SC1 0.066 0.3 d 0.3 d 1.0 c 79.5 a 1.0 c 1.0 c 0.0 e 1.3 fg Warrior 1CS 0.025 0.8 cd 1.3 cd 1.0 c 76.0 a 1.8 c 1.1 c 0.8 cde 2.8 c-f Tesoro 4EC 0.20 3.5 ab 5.0 bc 1.2 c 67.5 a 6.3 bc 1.5 bc 2.3 ab 4.5 ab Capture 2EC 0.07 1.5 cd 1.5 cd 1.0 c 92.0 a 0.3 c 1.1 c 0.0 e 2.0 d-g Spintor 2SC 0.094 1.3 cd 1.8 cd 1.0 c 89.3 a 1.8 c 1.2 c 0.0 e 2.3 d-g Entrust 80WP 0.125 0.8 cd 1.0 d 1.1 c 69.3 a 1.5 c 1.0 c 0.3 de 2.3 d-g Lannate 29E 0.90 1.5 cd 3.3 bcd 1.2 bc 58.5 a 2.5 bc 1.4 bc 1.3 a-e 3.5 a-d Radiant 1SC 0.035 1.5 cd 2.3 cd 1.1 c 81.5 a 2.3 c 1.4 c 0.3 de 2.3 d-g Radiant 1SC 0.047 0.3 d 0.5 d 1.0 c 65.8 a 1.8 c 1.0 c 0.0 e 3.5 a-d LSD 1.57 3.96 0.36 31.37 1.36 1.03 0.38 0.42 S.D. 1.11 2.80 0.25 22.18 0.96 0.73 0.27 0.30 C.V. 63.78 92.91 21.82 29.53 148.23 172.74 23.47 23.7 F 3.357 2.638 2.367 1.065 2.289 2.522 1.028 3.059 Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0008 0.0027 0.4033 0.0037 0.0014 0.445 0.0001

159

(continued) Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). 1MSO was added at 0.5% v/v. 2Penetrator Plus was added at 0.25% v/v.

Table 2. (Continued) European corn borer larvae and damage on Hystyle variety snap beans infested on 31 July. Arlington, WI 2007.




Alverde 2SC2 0.18 1.5 cd 2.5 cd 1.1 c 59.8 a 4.5 c 1.2 c 1.5 abc 4.0 abc

Alverde 2SC2 0.214 2.3 bc 3.3 bcd 1.4 bc 67.8 a 3.3 c 1.3 bc 0.3 de 4.0 abc

Orthene 97SP 1.0 1.5 cd 2.5 cd 1.2 bc 57.8 a 1.3 c 1.0 bc 0.0 e 1.5 fg

Rimon 0.83EC 0.078 2.3 bc 3.5 bcd 1.0 c 70.3 a 4.5 bc 1.4 c 1 b-e 3.5 a-d

Dipel 54DF 0.54 1.3 cd 2 cd 1.0 c 88.0 a 2.3 c 1.1 c 0.5 cde 3.3 b-e

Dipel 54DF 1.08 1.8 cd 3 bcd 1.2 bc 74.8 a 3.3 c 1.3 bc 0.8 b-e 4.0 abc Aza-Direct 0.1EC 0.0123 3.5 ab 6.5 ab 1.3 bc 73.8 a 7.3 ab 1.8 bc 1.5 abc 3.3 b-e Aza-Direct 0.1EC 0.0247 3.5 ab 9.3 a 1.8 a 84.3 a 8.0 c 1.3 a 2.8 a 4.5 ab

Avaunt 30WG 0.0656 2 bc 3.5 bcd 1.3 bc 61.0 a 2.8 c 1.3 bc 1.3 a-d 2.0 d-g

Avaunt 30WG 0.11 2 bc 3 bcd 1.0 c 104.8 a 1.5 c 1.3 c 0.5 cde 1.8 efg

Intrepid 2SC 0.156 1.8 cd 2 cd 1.1 c 72.0 a 2.8 c 1.0 c 0.5 cde 2.3 d-g

LSD 1.57 3.96 0.36 31.37 1.36 1.03 0.38 0.42

S.D. 1.11 2.8 0.25 22.18 0.96 0.73 0.27 0.3

C.V. 63.78 92.91 21.82 29.53 148.23 172.74 23.47 23.7

F 3.357 2.638 2.367 1.065 2.289 2.522 1.028 3.059

Prob. (F) 0.0001 0.0008 0.0027 0.4033 0.0037 0.0014 0.445 0.0001

160

Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). 1MSO was added at 0.5% v/v. 2Penetrator Plus was added at 0.25% v/v.

B. Seed Corn Maggot, Aphid, and Leafhopper Control on Snap Beans with Soil Treatments. Arlington. In 2007, two experiments were conducted at the Arlington Experimental Station to

evaluate efficacy of seed treatments on seed corn maggot, aphids and leafhoppers on snap bean. An early planted trial (4 June) focused on seed corn maggot control with seed treatments and a second planting (18 July) evaluated seed corn maggot, aphid and leafhopper control with the same insecticides.

1. Seed corn maggot study

At planting (8 June) 360 pretreated Hystyle variety snap bean seeds were counted out for each row and planted into 4-30 foot row plots that were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block experimental design. Blood meal was applied directly over the rows after planting to attract adult seed corn maggots. Dual II Magnum (metolachlor) at 1 pt./acre was applied pre emergence on 12 June for weed control. Raptor @ 4 oz/a and Basagran @ 1 pt./a was applied on 26 June for weed control. Mechanical cultivation and hand weeding provided additional weed control.

Seed corn maggot damage ratings were taken at emergence (21 June) and potato leafhopper and soybean aphid counts were taken on 28 June, 4 July, 11 July, 20 July, 25 July and. Potato leafhopper adults numbers were monitored by sweep sampling (25 sweeps per plot) while potato leafhopper nymphs and aphids numbers were monitored by leaf samples (25 leaves per plot). Bean leaf beetles did not infest the plots.

The following seed treatments were evaluated:

1. UNTREATED 2. CAPTAN 480FS 163 ML/100 KG

ALLEGIANCE FL 318 FS 15.5 G A/100 KG AG-STREPTOMYCIN 62.6SS 43.7 G/100 KG

3. TRILEX FLOWAB FUNGICIDE 240FS 5 G A/100 KG ALLEGIANCE FL 318 FS 15.5 G A/100 KG AG-STREPTOMYCIN 62.6SS 43.7 G/100 KG

4. TRILEX FLOWAB FUNGICIDE 240FS 5 G A/100 KG ALLEGIANCE FL 318 FS 15.5 G A/100 KG GAUCHO 600 FS 15.6 G A/100 KG SPINOSAD 480 SC 15.6 ML/100 KG AG-STREPTOMYCIN 62.6SS 43.7 G/100 KG

5. MAXIM XL 322LS 0.84 G A/100 KG APRON XL 350ES 1.83 G A/100 KG GAUCHO 600 FS 15.6 G A/100 KG SPINOSAD 480 SC 15.6 ML/100 KG

Yields were taken from the center 2 rows of each plot with a commercial bean harvester. Total bean weights were recorded in tons per acre. At the time of harvest (17 August), 75% of the beans were grade 4 and 5.

161

Table 1. Seed corn maggot damage on Hystyle variety snap beans treated with seed treatments. Arlington, WI 2007.

*Treatment Final stand Damaged plants

1 80.4 a 1.3 a

2 83.4 a 1.4 a

3 68.2 a 1.4 a

4 71.8 a 1.6 a

5 78.2 a 0.9 a

LSD 16.69 1.1

S.D. 10.83 0.71

C.V. 14.18 54.35

F 1.347 0.537

Prob (F) 0.3090 0.7112

Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). *Refer to treatment list on page 149 for a complete list of seed treatments.

162

Table 2. Soybean aphids sampled from Hystyle variety snap beans treated with seed treatments. Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean aphids per 25 leaves

*Treatment 28 June 4 July 11 July 20 July 25 July 2 August 9 August 16 August

1 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 a 1.0 a 18.5 a 137.5 a 2.5 a 0.8 a

2 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 1.3 a 27.8 a 154.0 a 2.3 a 1.8 a

3 1.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.3 a 26.3 a 158.8 a 0.8 a 0.3 a

4 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.5 a 1.0 a 44.3 a 167.0 a 1.3 a 0.3 a

5 4.5 a 0.0 a 1.0 a 1.0 a 18.0 a 181.3 a 3.0 a 0.8 a

LSD 0.92 0.00 0.52 0.74 3.88 4.60 1.05 0.42

S.D. 0.60 0.00 0.34 0.48 2.52 2.99 0.68 0.27

C.V. 46.68 0.00 26.17 32.93 52.76 24.39 42.66 21.19

F 2.248 0.000 1.387 0.485 0.228 0.389 0.494 2.379

Prob (F) 0.1246 1.0000 0.2961 0.7465 0.9175 0.8125 0.7405 0.1100

163

Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). *Treatments were also treated with various fungicides, refer to treatment list on page 149-150 for a complete list of seed treatments.

Table 3. Potato leafhopper adults sampled from Hystyle variety snap beans treated with seed treatments. Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean adults per 25 sweeps

*Treatment 11 July 20 July 25 July 2 August 9 August 16 August

1 1.5 a 7.5 a 5.5 a 3.5 a 2.0 a 0.5 a

2 2.5 a 5.8 a 6.8 a 6.0 a 3.0 a 1.0 a

3 1.5 a 5.3 a 7.8 a 3.0 a 2.3 a 1.0 a

4 2.8 a 5.5 a 7.8 a 4.3 a 2.8 a 0.8 a

5 3.8 a 4.0 a 7.5 a 4.8 a 3.3 a 0.8 a

LSD 0.96 1.28 0.94 0.89 0.89 0.60

S.D. 0.62 0.83 0.61 0.58 0.57 0.39

C.V. 35.28 33.47 22.01 25.75 31.11 29.83

F 0.522 0.297 0.325 0.616 0.240 0.113

Prob (F) 0.7215 0.8741 0.8562 0.6592 0.9103 0.9755

164


Table 4. Potato leafhopper nymphs sampled from Hystyle variety snap beans treated with seed treatments. Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean nymphs per 25 leaves

*Treatment 28 June 4 July 11 July 20 July 25 July 2 August 9 August 16 August

1 0.0 a 1.3 a 22.0 a 10.8 a 16.5 a 29.8 a 9.5 a 10.3 a

2 1.5 a 0.8 a 16.8 a 3.3 a 18.8 a 29.5 a 11.3 a 5.0 a

3 0.5 a 0.3 a 10.3 a 8.8 a 13.8 a 19.0 a 13.8 a 6.0 a

4 0.3 a 1.8 a 13.3 a 6.8 a 17.3 a 13.8 a 7.8 a 4.3 a

5 0.3 a 1.0 a 21.3 a 9.3 a 15.8 a 25.3 a 7.8 a 5.0 a

LSD 0.46 0.61 2.34 1.78 1.53 1.82 1.48 0.95

S.D. 0.30 0.39 1.52 1.15 0.99 1.18 0.96 0.61

C.V. 25.45 28.9 38.28 41.88 24.45 24.48 30.66 24.09

F 1.573 0.981 0.747 0.634 0.168 1.455 0.267 2.273

Prob (F) 0.2442 0.4538 0.5783 0.6477 0.9504 0.276 0.8934 0.1217

165


Table 5. Yields of Hystyle variety snap beans treated with seed treatments. Arlington, WI 2007.

*Treatment Yield (tons/A)

7.0 a

1 7.3 a

2 7.0 a

3 7.2 a

4 7.2 a

LSD 1.05

S.D. 0.68

C.V. 9.58

F 0.125

Prob (F) 0.9705

Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05).

166

Section II. Insect Control on other Crops.

Part 2. Insect Control on Bell Pepper.

A. European corn borer control on bell peppers with foliar insecticides. Arlington, WI.

In 2007, an experiment was established at the Entomology Research Farm to evaluate efficacy of registered and experimental insecticides in the control of European corn borer (ECB) on bell pepper.

Midway variety bell peppers were planted on 11 June into plots consisting of one 30’ row. Plots were separated by 18’ of alleyway between replicates. The study was replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design. Treflan was applied preplant incorporated at 2.0 pt./a on 11 June for weed control. Hand weeding and mechanical cultivation provided additional weed control.

All test materials were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 25 psi while delivering 39.0 gpa through two TeeJet XR8003 flat fan nozzles spaced at 18”.

The following insecticides were evaluated for ECB control on pepper: Altacor 2SC (0.044 and 0.066 lb. a.i./a) Warrior 1CS (0.025 lb. a.i./a) Tesoro 4E (0.2 lb. a.i./a) Capture 2EC (0.07 lb. a.i./a) Spintor 2SC (0.094 lb. a.i./a) Lannate 29E (0.91 lb. a.i./a) Radiant 1SC (0.035 and 0.047 lb. a.i./a) Alverde 2SC (0.18 and 0.214 lb. a.i./a) Orthene 97SP (1.0 lb. a.i./a) Rimon 0.83EC (0.078 lb. a.i./a) Dipel 54DF (1.08 lb. a.i./a) Aza-Direct (0.0247 lb. a.i./a) Intrepid 2SC (0.156 lb. a.i./a)

Insecticide applications were made on 11 August, three days after egg mass pinning (8 August) and 3 days post egg mass pinning (15 August).

At the time of infestation, five consecutive plants in each plot were infested with wax paper strips each containing 10 blackhead stage ECB egg masses. Egg masses were placed on the plants during optimal environmental conditions to enhance larval survival (late evening).

Plots were harvested and evaluated on 23 August (15 days post pinning) and 28 August (13 days post pinning) and included inspection of the infested plants fruit, recording damage and presence of live larvae.

167

Table 1. Damage and European Corn Borer Larvae found in Midway variety bell peppers treated with various foliar insecticides (Early pinning). Arlington Research Farm, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean fruit Mean ECB larvae per plot Treatment Rate

(lb. a.i./a) Total Dam. % Dam. Small Large

Untreated --- 27.5 a 3.5 a 12.3 a 1.3 a 0.3 a

Altacor 2SC1 0.044 24.3 a 2.8 a 11.3 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

Altacor 2SC1 0.066 26.3 a 3.5 a 15.9 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

Warrior 0.025 24.5 a 2.8 a 11.7 a 0.8 a 0.0 a

Tesoro 4E 0.20 26.8 a 4.0 a 15.0 a 1.3 a 0.3 a

Capture 2E 0.07 24.0 a 2.5 a 10.1 a 0.3 a 0.5 a

Spintor 2SC 0.094 27.5 a 4.0 a 14.6 a 1.3 a 0.3 a

Lannate 29E 0.91 25.0 a 5.5 a 23.6 a 2.3 a 0.0 a

Radiant 1SC 0.035 24.0 a 4.8 a 20.1 a 1.0 a 0.3 a

Radiant 1SC 0.047 27.0 a 4.5 a 18.3 a 1.5 a 0.3 a

Alverde 2SC2 0.18 28.5 a 5.0 a 18.1 a 1.8 a 0.3 a

Alverde 2SC2 0.214 27.5 a 3.3 a 12.3 a 1.8 a 0.0 a

Orthene 97SP 1.0 22.3 a 3.8 a 17.1 a 0.8 a 0.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 0.078 27.3 a 4.0 a 14.5 a 1.8 a 0.0 a

Dipel 54DF 1.08 33.5 a 10.3 a 30.4 a 7.0 a 0.0 a

Aza-Direct 0.0247 28.3 a 4.0 a 13.9 a 1.8 a 0.5 a

Intrepid 2SC 0.156 29.0 a 3.0 a 11.2 a 1.0 a 0.0 a

LSD 7.55 3.73 13.55 0.71 0.24

S.D. 5.34 2.64 9.58 0.5 0.17

C.V. 20.21 61.71 58.37 33.2 15.84

F 1.081 1.554 1.076 1.688 0.79

Prob. (F) 0.3933 0.1019 0.398 0.0661 0.7088 Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). ECB egg masses infested on August 8. 1MSO added at the rate of 0.5% v/v. 2Penetrator Plus added at the rate of 0.25% v/v.

168

Table 2. Damage and European Corn Borer Larvae found in Midway variety bell peppers treated with various foliar insecticides (Late pinning). Arlington Research Farm, Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean fruit Mean ECB larvae per plot Treatment Rate

(lb. a.i./a) Total Dam. % Dam. Small Large

Untreated --- 24.5 a 2.5 a-d 10.3 a 0.5 a 0.3 a

Altacor 2SC1 0.044 27.5 a 2.0 a-d 6.6 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

Altacor 2SC1 0.066 25.5 a 0.8 d 3.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Warrior 0.025 22.8 a 2.8 a-d 11.5 a 0.5 a 0.3 a

Tesoro 4E 0.20 22.5 a 1.0 d 5.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 a

Capture 2E 0.07 23.0 a 0.8 d 3.2 a 0.0 a 0.3 a

Spintor 2SC 0.094 28.8 a 1.8 bcd 6.8 a 0.5 a 0.0 a

Lannate 29E 0.91 29.0 a 2.0 a-d 6.5 a 0.8 a 0.3 a

Radiant 1SC 0.035 23.8 a 2.0 a-d 8.6 a 1.0 a 0.3 a

Radiant 1SC 0.047 24.8 a 1.0 d 4.1 a 0.3 a 0.3 a

Alverde 2SC2 0.18 24.0 a 1.0 d 4.1 a 0.3 a 0.5 a

Alverde 2SC2 0.214 27.5 a 1.8 bcd 6.1 a 0.0 a 0.8 a

Orthene 97SP 1.0 28.0 a 1.0 d 3.1 a 0.0 a 0.0 a

Rimon 0.83EC 0.078 26.3 a 3.3 abc 12.1 a 0.8 a 0.8 a

Dipel 54DF 1.08 31.5 a 2.0 a-d 6.5 a 0.3 a 0.5 a

Aza-Direct 0.0247 27.8 a 1.3 cd 4.8 a 0.0 a 0.5 a

Intrepid 2SC 0.156 28.3 a 4.0 a 14.2 a 1.0 a 1.3 a

LSD 7.07 2.03 7.72 0.31 0.33

S.D. 5 1.43 5.46 0.22 0.23

C.V. 18.93 75.94 77.15 18.82 20.47

F 0.978 1.799 1.573 1.564 1.059

Prob. (F) 0.499 0.0456 0.0959 0.0985 0.4145 Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). ECB egg masses infested on August 15. 1MSO added at the rate of 0.5% v/v. 2Penetrator Plus added at the rate of 0.25% v/v.

169

Section II. Insect Control on other Crops. Part 3. Control of Lepidopteran Larvae on Cabbage with Foliar Insecticides.

Arlington.

Several lepidopteran species are serious insect pests on Wisconsin commercial cabbage production. Larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutela xylostella (L.), the imported cabbage worm (ICW), Artogiea rapae (L.), and the cabbage looper (CL), Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), require control annually by growers.

Diamondback larvae are spring and summer pests on cabbage, frequently requiring control in both seedbeds and on early transplants. Historically, registered insecticides have effectively controlled DBM larvae, however insecticide resistance in Wisconsin has become an issue in recent years due to importation of resistant larvae on southern transplants. Imported cabbage worm larvae occur in June, July, and August and can cause severe foliage and head damage. Larvae require control on both fresh market and kraut cabbage and on other commercial crucifers such as broccoli and cauliflower. Imported cabbage worm larvae are effectively controlled by a wide range of registered insecticides. The cabbage looper is a migratory pest. Cabbage looper adults migrate into Wisconsin from the south and give rise to two or three larval generations per season. Peak cabbage looper larval activities occur in mid August and into the fall and the larvae are difficult to control. Uncontrolled cabbage looper larvae can cause severe economic losses. Katlin variety cabbage transplants (80 day maturity), donated by Flannery Farms Inc. Bear Creek, WI, was planted on 29 May 2007. Treatments consisted of two 30’ rows on 3’ centers with plants 16” apart within rows. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design consisting of four replicates. Twelve-foot alleyways separated all plots. Plots were treated with 3 ounces per acre of Spartan (sulfentrazone) and 1.5 pints Dual II Magnum (metolachlor) pretransplant on 28 May 2007. Mechanical cultivation and hand weeding also aided in weed control.

Treatments consisted of the following materials:

Registered: Warrior 1CS (0.03 lb. a.i./a) Tesoro 4E (0.2 lb. a.i./a) Mustang Max 0.8EC ( 0.0156 lb. a.i./a), Spintor 2SC (0.094 lb. a.i./a), Entrust 80WP (0.125 lb. a.i./a) Radiant 1SC (0.035 lb. a.i./a) Rimon 0.83EC (0.078 lb. a.i./a) Dipel 54DF (0.54 lb. a.i./a) Aza-Direct (0.0247 lb. a.i./a)

170

Experimental: Altacor 2SC (0.044, 0.066 and 0.088 lb. a.i./a) tank mixed with MSO (0.5% v/v), Alverde 2SC (0.214 lb. a.i./a) tank mixed with Penetrator Plus (0.25% v/v). Beleaf 50WG (0.0625 and 0.0875 lb. a.i./a)


delivering 25 gpa through four flat fan nozzles (8004VS XR) spaced at 18”. All materials were tank mixed with Activator 90 at the rate of 8-oz/100 gallon (unless specified). Treatments were applied on 27 July. Treatments 15, 19 and 20 were reapplied on 31 July. Insect counts were taken from 5 destructively sampled cabbage heads per plot during sampling.

171

Table 1. Imported cabbage worm larvae sampled from Megaton variety cabbage treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington, WI 2007.

Mean larvae per 5 heads 30 July 3 August 9 August Treatment Rate

(lb. a.i./a) Small Large Total Small Large Total Small Large Total

Untreated --- 72.5 a 92.0 a 164.5 a 118.8 a 86.5 a 205.3 a 29.3 a 21.5 a 50.8 a *Altacor 2SC 0.044 8.5 f 14.0 ef 22.5 fg 2.0 c 5.8 ef 7.8 d 1.8 d 1.5 de 3.3 de * Altacor 2SC 0.066 14.5 def 15.0 ef 29.5 efg 3.3 c 4.8 f 8.0 d 1.0 d 2.8 cde 3.8 de * Altacor 2SC 0.088 11.3 def 18.0 def 29.3 efg 3.8 c 7.3 ef 11.0 d 0.0 d 1.5 de 1.5 e Beleaf 50WG 0.0625 39.5 b 50.0 bc 89.5 bc 42.8 b 41.8 bc 84.5 b 17.0 b 22.5 a 39.5 ab Beleaf 50WG 0.0875 33.8 bc 33.3 bcd 67.0 bcd 39.8 b 51.5 b 91.3 b 17.3 b 23.0 a 40.3 ab Beleaf 50WG + Mustang Max 0.8EC

0.0875 + 0.0156 9.8 ef 17.8 def 27.5 efg 3.3 c 4.0 f 7.3 d 1.5 d 2.0 de 3.5 de

Warrior 1CS 0.025 7.8 f 12.5 ef 20.3 g 3.5 c 5.3 ef 8.8 d 3.0 cd 5.0 cd 8.0 cd Tesoro 4EC 0.2 14.8 def 21.5 def 36.3 d-g 2.5 c 4.5 f 7.0 d 0.8 d 1.0 de 1.8 e Mustang Max 0.8EC 0.025 14.0 def 24.3 def 38.3 d-g 3.8 c 6.5 ef 10.3 d 0.5 d 0.5 e 1.0 e Spintor 2SC 0.07 11.0 def 17.3 def 28.3 efg 3.3 c 3.3 f 6.5 d 1.5 d 0.8 de 2.3 de Entrust 80WP 0.125 15.8 c-f 16.8 def 32.5 efg 2.5 c 3.0 f 5.5 d 0.5 d 1.8 cde 2.3 de Radiant 1SC 0.035 13.5 def 16.3 def 29.8 efg 1.8 c 2.3 f 4.0 d 2.0 d 2.3 cde 4.3 de **Alverde 2SC 0.214 25.3 bcd 31.0 cde 56.3 cde 24 b 17.8 de 41.8 c 7.0 c 5.5 c 12.5 c Rimon 0.83EC 0.078 23.3 b-e 22.3 def 45.5 def 3.5 c 2.5 f 6.0 d 0.0 d 0.8 de 0.8 e DiPel 54DF 0.54 12.3 def 12.5 f 24.8 fg 8.0 c 5.8 f 13.8 d 0.5 d 0.8 de 1.3 e Aza-direct 0.0247 34.3 b 56.3 b 90.5 b 40.8 b 24.3 cd 65.0 bc 20.5 ab 12.8 b 33.3 b LSD 1.68 1.78 2.1 1.65 1.87 2.35 0.99 0.91 1.17 S.D. 1.19 1.26 1.49 1.17 1.32 1.66 0.7 0.64 0.82 C.V. 27.97 25.31 22.81 37.31 41.15 37.9 33.92 29.66 29.3 F 5.28 5.722 7.388 17.624 9.327 14.732 14.605 14.962 21.501 Prob (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

172

Means in a column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Least Significant Difference Test, P=0.05). *Tank mixed with MSO at 0.5% v/v. **Tank mixed with Penetrator Plus at 0.5% v/v.

Table 2. Cabbage looper larvae sampled from Megaton variety cabbage treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington, WI 2007.



Untreated --- 41.8 a 31.0 a 72.8 a 18.8 a 15.8 ab 34.5 ab 11.5 ab 11.5 a-d 23.0 abc*Altacor 2SC 0.044 7.5 bcd 4.3 d 11.8 de 2.3 e-h 1.3 de 3.5 f-j 1.3 de 1.0 fg 2.3 f * Altacor 2SC 0.066 4.8 d 11.3 bcd 16.0 b-e 0.5 h 1.3 de 1.8 j 1.3 de 1.5 fg 2.8 f * Altacor 2SC 0.088 5.5 bcd 7.0 bcd 12.5 cde 1.8 fgh 1.3 de 3.0 g-j 0.8 e 0.0 g 0.8 f Beleaf 50WG 0.0625 14.5 bcd 13.8 bc 28.3 b 15.3 ab 18.8 a 34.0 a 8.0 ab 18.3 a 26.3 a Beleaf 50WG 0.0875 11.3 bcd 15.3 ab 26.5 bc 12.3 abc 18.8 a 31.0 ab 7.3 abc 16.3 ab 23.5 a Beleaf 50WG + Mustang Max 0.8EC

0.0875 + 0.0156 6.5 bcd 13.8 bc 20.3 b-e 8.8 a-d 4.5 cd 13.3 cde 2.0 b-e 4.3 d-g 6.3 def

Warrior 1CS 0.025 5.3 bcd 4.8 cd 10.0 e 6.0 c-h 5.0 cd 11.0 c-g 1.0 e 4.8 d-g 5.8 ef Tesoro 4EC 0.2 8.8 bcd 14.8 b 23.5 b-e 7.3 b-g 6.3 bc 13.5 cde 2.8 b-e 5.3 c-g 8.0 b-f Mustang Max 0.8EC 0.025 16.0 b 10.3 bcd 26.3 bc 7 b-g 4.0 cde 11.0 c-h 2.3 b-e 4.3 d-g 6.5 def Spintor 2SC 0.07 9.5 bcd 8.5 bcd 18.0 b-e 3.5 d-h 2.5 cde 6.0 d-j 9.0 ab 8.0 a-e 17.0 a-dEntrust 80WP 0.125 9.3 bcd 9.0 bcd 18.3 b-e 2.3 d-h 2.0 cde 4.3 e-j 2.3 b-e 5.0 d-g 7.3 def Radiant 1SC 0.035 5.0 cd 8.3 bcd 13.3 b-e 8.8 a-e 2.0 cde 10.8 c-i 1.0 e 5.8 d-g 6.8 def **Alverde 2SC 0.214 14.3 bcd 10.5 bcd 24.8 b-e 10.8 abc 5.3 cd 16.0 bcd 6.5 a-e 15.3 abc 21.8 ab Rimon 0.83EC 0.078 9.0 bcd 11.5 bcd 20.5 b-e 7.5 a-f 1.0 de 8.5 d-j 3.5 b-e 3.5 d-g 7.0 c-f DiPel 54DF 0.54 16.0 bc 8.8 bcd 24.8 bcd 7.5 a-f 5.3 cd 12.8 c-f 7.5 a-d 6.8 b-f 14.3 a-eAza-direct 0.0247 11.3 bcd 8.5 bcd 19.8 b-e 16.5 a 5.0 cd 21.5 abc 15.0 a 18.3 a 33.3 a LSD 1.56 1.44 1.67 1.3 1.13 1.57 1.37 1.43 1.78 S.D. 1.1 1.02 1.18 0.92 0.80 1.11 0.97 1.01 1.26 C.V. 34.59 31.08 26.05 35.29 35.94 33.39 45.21 39.12 38.92 F 2.458 1.896 3.22 3.607 5.516 5.243 2.32 3.773 4.092 Prob (F) 0.0047 0.0329 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0076 0.0001 0.0001

173


Table 3. Diamondback moth larvae sampled from Megaton variety cabbage treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington, WI 2007.



Untreated --- 7.5 a 10.3 a 17.8 a 3.8 abc 3.5 abc 7.3 abc 0.5 a 1.0 a 1.5 bcd *Altacor 2SC 0.044 1.8 a 1.0 a 2.8 a 0.3 de 1.0 c-f 1.3 def 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d * Altacor 2SC 0.066 3.3 a 4.8 a 8.0 a 0.5 de 0.3 ef 0.8 ef 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d * Altacor 2SC 0.088 1.3 a 1.8 a 3.0 a 0.3 de 0.8 def 1.0 def 0.3 a 0.5 a 0.8 cd Beleaf 50WG 0.0625 6.3 a 8.3 a 14.5 a 4.3 ab 6.8 a 11.0 ab 3.5 a 3.0 a 6.5 a Beleaf 50WG 0.0875 5.3 a 3.0 a 8.3 a 9.0 a 4.5 ab 13.5 a 2.8 a 4.0 a 6.8 a Beleaf 50WG + Mustang Max 0.8EC

0.0875 + 0.0156 3.8 a 3.5 a 7.3 a 2.8 b-e 2.5 bcd 5.3 bcd 0.3 a 1.5 a 1.8 bcd

Warrior 1CS 0.025 3.3 a 2.5 a 5.8 a 1.8 b-e 3.3 abc 5.0 bcd 0.3 a 1.0 a 1.3 bcd Tesoro 4EC 0.2 5.5 a 3.8 a 9.3 a 1.3 b-e 0.8 def 2.0 def 0.5 a 1.0 a 1.5 bcd Mustang Max 0.8EC 0.025 2.5 a 2.8 a 5.3 a 1.0 b-e 2.0 b-f 3.0 c-f 0.3 a 0.8 a 1.0 cd Spintor 2SC 0.07 2.5 a 2.5 a 5.0 a 1.5 b-e 0.3 ef 1.8 def 0.0 a 0.5 a 0.5 cd Entrust 80WP 0.125 2.5 a 1.8 a 4.3 a 0.8 cde 1.0 c-f 1.8 def 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 d Radiant 1SC 0.035 1.8 a 3.3 a 5.0 a 0.5 de 0.0 f 0.5 ef 1.8 a 2.8 a 4.5 ab **Alverde 2SC 0.214 3.3 a 3.5 a 6.8 a 4.0 ab 3.5 ab 7.5 abc 0.8 a 1.3 a 2.0 bcd Rimon 0.83EC 0.078 5.5 a 4.3 a 9.8 a 3.3 bcd 1.0 c-f 4.3 cde 0.5 a 1.0 a 1.5 bcd DiPel 54DF 0.54 2.8 a 4.0 a 6.8 a 0.0 e 0.0 f 0.0 f 0.5 a 0.5 a 1.0 bcd Aza-direct 0.0247 2.8 a 4.5 a 7.3 a 0.8 cde 2.3 b-e 3.0 c-f 1.3 a 1.0 a 2.3 abc LSD 0.88 1.1 1.28 0.82 0.71 1.00 0.58 0.66 0.73 S.D. 0.62 0.78 0.91 0.58 0.50 0.71 0.41 0.46 0.52 C.V. 31.18 39.06 34.00 38.12 32.34 36.92 33.23 35.15 34.5 F 1.359 1.413 1.527 2.765 3.46 4.312 1.384 1.095 2.611 Prob (F) 0.1855 0.1577 0.1111 0.0016 0.0001 0.0001 0.1719 0.3799 0.0027

174


Control of Lepidopteran Larvae on Sweet Corn with Foliar Insecticides

Scott Chapman and Bryan Jensen Department of Entomology

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

The European corn borer and corn earworm are the most important insect pests of sweet corn in Wisconsin. Both pests cause direct ear damage resulting in yield loss.

The European corn borer (ECB) larvae overwinter in corn stubble and adults emerge in late May and June. Females lay between 500-1000 eggs in their lifespan and eggs are white and are laid in clusters. ECB usually have 2 generations per year in Wisconsin but may have 3 in favorable years. First generation larvae migrate to the whorl and feed on leaf tissue before tunneling into the stalk. Second generation larvae enter the plant near the leaf sheath, or an ear shank, butt, side or tip.

Corn earworms (CEW) do not overwinter in Wisconsin and therefore CEWs are migratory pests in Wisconsin. CEW lay their single eggs on silks and larvae hatch within 2-6 days. Larvae feed down the silk into the developing ear. Once the larvae enter the ear husk, foliar insecticides have little effect.

Supersweet Jubilee Plus variety sweet corn was planted on 15 June 2007. Treatments consisted of six 50’ rows on 30” centers. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design consisting of four replicates. 6-foot alleyways separated replications.

Four applications over a 19 day period were evaluated for ECB and CEW larval control. The initial application occurred at row tassel (6 August), the second application occurred at pollen shed (11 August) and the 3rd and 4th applications occurred on 17 August and 25 August.

Treatments consisted of the following materials:

1. Untreated 2. Triplesweet Bt hybrid 3. Capture 2EC (0.1 lb. a.i./a) 1st 2 applications followed by 2 applications of

Warrior 1CS (0.3 lb.a.i./a). 1st app @ 50% silk, app 2 3 daa, app 3 6 daa, app 4 6 daa.

4. Capture 2EC (0.1 lb. a.i./a) 1st 2 applications followed by 2 applications of Warrior 1CS (0.3 lb.a.i./a).

5. Capture 2EC (0.04 lb. a.i./a) 6. Warrior 1CS (0.025 lb.a.i./a) 7. Warrior 1CS (0.03 lb.a.i./a) 8. Mustang Max 0.8EC (0.025 lb. a.i./a) 9. Hero 1.24EC (0.048 lb. a.i./a) 10. Hero 1.24EC (0.058 lb. a.i./a) 11. Altacor 2SC (0.044 lb. a.i./a) mixed with MSO (0.5% v/v) 12. Altacor 2SC (0.066 lb. a.i./a) mixed with MSO (0.5% v/v) 13. Altacor 2SC (0.088 lb. a.i./a) mixed with MSO (0.5% v/v) 14. Baythroid XL (0.19 lb. a.i./a)

175

15. Belt 4SC (0.094 lb. a.i./a)

All materials were applied using a Spirit hi-clearance sprayer equipped with TeeJet 80015 XR flat fan nozzles spaced at 20’, delivering 27 gpa at 2.6 mph and 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 6 August, 11 August, 17 August and 25 August.

The study was evaluated on 5 September by pulling 25 ears from the middle 2 rows of each plot. During evaluation an ear was considered damaged if feeding occurred on 2 or more kernels and an ear was considered infested if larvae were present, regardless of feeding damage.

176

Table 1. Corn Earworm larvae sampled from Supersweet Jubilee Plus variety sweet corn treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington, WI. 2007.

Mean damage/25 ear sample Mean larvae/25 ear sample Treatment Rate

(lb. a.i./a) Ears Kernels Corn earworm European corn

borer

Untreated --- 17.25 a 132.74 a 9.50 a 13.50 a

Triplesweet Bt hybrid --- 0.25 g 0.50 h 0.25 f 0.0 b

1Capture 2EC / Warrior 1CS 0.1/0.3 3.50 def 16.25 fgh 3.50 def 0.25 b

Capture 2EC / Warrior 1CS 0.1/0.3 9.25 b 47.50 cde 8.50 ab 0.50 b

Capture 2EC 0.04 9.00 b 57.50 bc 6.75 a-d 0.25 b

Warrior 1CS 0.025 10.50 b 61.00 b 8.25 ab 0.75 b

Warrior 1CS 0.03 9.25 b 60.50 b 7.25 abc 0.0 b

Mustang Max 0.8EC 0.025 10.00 b 47.75 b-e 10.00 a 0.25 b

Hero 1.24EC 0.048 8.75 b 47.75 b-e 6.75 a-d 0.25 b

Hero 1.24EC 0.058 5.25 cd 30.75 d-g 4.00 c-f 0.0 b

177

(continued) Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) 1Capture applied during applications 1 and 2 followed by applications of Warrior. a “”early” corn earworm are larvae up to ½ inch in length

b ”mid” corn earworm are larvae between ½ inch and ¾ inch in length c ”late” corn earworm are larvae larger than ¾ inch in length

Table 1. (Continued). Corn Earworm larvae sampled from Supersweet Jubilee Plus variety sweet corn treated with foliar insecticides. Arlington, WI. 2007.

Mean damage/25 ear sample Mean larvae/25 ear sample Treatment Rate (oz./a)

Ears Kernels Corn earworm European corn borer

2Altacor 2SC 0.044 1.75 efg 11.75 fgh 1.25 f 0.00 b

2Altacor 2SC 0.066 0.75 fg 4.50 gh 0.25 f 0.00 b

2Altacor 2SC 0.088 1.75 egf 11.50 fgh 1.00 f 0.00 b

Baythroid XL 0.19 5.50 bc 21.50 e-h 5.00 b-e 0.00 b

Belt 4SC 0.094 1.50 fg 7.25 fgh 0.75 f 0.00 b

LSD

S.D.

C.V.

F

Prob (F)

178

Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) 1Capture applied during applications 1 and 2 followed by applications of Warrior. 2MSO added at the rate of 0.5% v/v. a “”early” corn earworm are larvae up to ½ inch in length

b ”mid” corn earworm are larvae between ½ inch and ¾ inch in length c ”late” corn earworm are larvae larger than ¾ inch in length

Title. Foliar insecticide treatments for the control of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindemann, in Wisconsin dry bulb onion production. Principal Investigator (s) Russell L. Groves, Entomology Extension Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-3229. Scott Chapman, Associate Research Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-9914. Cooperator (s) Brian A. Nault, Associate Professor, 525 Barton Laboratory, Cornell University, NYSAES, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456 [email protected] (315) 787-2354. Project History. Results presented here are from a single season of field research completed during the 2007 growing season. Objectives outlined in this research are directly related to the problematic re-occurrence of onion thrips populations in Wisconsin dry bulb onion production. Background and Rationale. Effective, economical, and efficient long term management of both onion thrips and continues to be a challenge in the production of dry bulb onion. This insect pest continues to be a high pest priority for Wisconsin onion growers. Problematic populations of onion thrips are now frequently the result of warm summer time temperatures combined with insensitivity to the standard insecticides. Furthermore, many of the currently registered products for control of onion thrips are not equally effective against the insect. As a result, thrips management is a top priority and an improved understanding of the ecology and management of this pest is essential towards the development of long-term control methods. Experimental Site: Dean Kincaid Farms, Jefferson, Wisconsin. Project Objective: To evaluate currently registered and new, potentially efficacious insecticide foliar treatments to target problematic populations of onion thrips. Onion Crop: Allium cepa L. ‘Millennium’ Experimental Design: The experiment was conducted in a single commercial muck field in the southeastern quadrant of the Wisconsin in 2007. The field site was selected based on a field history of known pressure of onion thrips. The experiment was established on 6 April at the experimental site in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with 4 experimental replications of the (insecticide foliar treatment) main effects (Table 1 and Figure 1).

179




Table 1. Main effect insecticide treatments evaluated in thrips foliar insecticide trials, Palmyra, WI 2007.

Foliar Treatments (N=9) Rate (lb a.i. / ac) Rate (fl oz /ac) Treat / Rep Numbers UTC (101, 201, 301, 401) Warrior 1EC 0.02 1.92 (102, 202, 302, 402) 0.03 3.84 (103, 203, 303, 403) Mana Silencer 1EC 0.02 1.92 (104, 204, 304, 404) 0.03 3.84 (105, 205, 305, 405) Lannate LV 0.09 48.0 (106, 206, 306, 406) SpinTor 2SC 0.09 6.0 (107, 207, 307, 407) 0.12 8.0 (108, 208, 308, 408) Agri-Mek 0.15EC 0.0094 8.0 (109, 209, 309, 409) 0.0117 10.0 (110, 210, 310, 410) Radiant 1SC 0.0094 5.0 (111, 211, 311, 411) 0.0117 7.0 (112, 212, 312, 412) Carzol SP 0.47 213 g/ac (113, 213, 313, 413) 0.7 318 g/ac (114, 214, 314, 414) 0.93 422 g/ac (115, 215, 315, 415) Movento 0.1 8.0 (116, 216, 316, 416)

0.12 12.0 (117, 217, 317, 417) Experiment combinations were directly compared to registered, industry standards including 1) Warrior 1EC, 2) Lannate LV, and 3) SpinTor 2SC. Beginning approximately 3 weeks after planting, immature onion thrips counts were destructively obtained from a sub-sample of growing plants in each of the treatment main effects. Specifically, the number of immature onion thrips larvae was recorded weekly for over 10 consecutive weeks through the interval 15 June through 17 August, 2007. Once the mean immature thrips population counts exceeded the established threshold of 3 immature thrips / leaf, foliar insecticides were applied with a 12’ boom operating at 30 psi delivering 25 gpa through 8 flat-fan nozzles (8004VS-XR) spaced 18” apart. Thrips counts (efficacy ratings) were made on the day of application (immediately prior to application) and at daily intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-application. Each insecticide main effect was comprised of 2 successive applications, spaced 7 days apart. The first insecticide application was applied 21 July and the second application applied 7 days later on 28 July. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, with mean separation by Fisher’s protected LSD at P <0.05. Immature thrips count data were transformed using a log

10 (x + 1)

function before analysis, and untransformed means are presented in the attached table. Results and Discussion: The onion thrips infestation in 2007 was moderate and damage in the untreated control was significant by early to mid August with approximately 50-75% damage, or reduction in photosynthetic area on the leaves (e.g. defoliation). The selected treatments in the Silencer trial (Table 1) reduced immature thrips densities compared with the untreated control throughout the 4 week period of the trial. In this comparison, the most effective insecticide (and rates) was the Silencer product compared directly to the encapsulated formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin. In the larger trial, (Table 2) the materials that had the greatest overall impact in reducing larval densities included Agri-Mek, Radiant, Carzol, and Movento. Although Lannate and Silencer reduced larval densities on most dates compared with the untreated control, the level of reduction was less than that which was observed with most of the efficacious treatments listed above. After the first application, several of the better products such as SpinTor, Carzol (lower 2 rates), and Movento did not significantly reduce larval densities compared with Agri-Mek and Radiant. This was likely the result of shorter residual activity of these treatments including the Radiant (at both 5 and 7 fl oz/ac), the 1 lb/acre rate of Carzol, and both rates of Agri-Mek.

180

REP II

REP IV

REP I

REP III

R5 R6

240‘R

eplic

ate

10 11 10 11 11 10 10

10 10 10 10 11 11 10 11

20 20 20 21 21 20 20

20 21 20 21 21 21 20 20

30 31 30 30 30 30 31

31 30 31 30 30 31 30 31

40 40 40 41 41 41 40

40 40 40 41 40 41 41 4011

2131

4141

3111

21

Figure 1. Experimental plot layout for evaluation of insecticide foliar treatments on Dean Kincaid Farms, Palmyra, Wisconsin 2007. Experimental plot size 4, row (30” bed) X 20’ with 4 replicates resulting in an experiment size (240’ X 18’), (0.10 acres).

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Table 1. Mean (± SE) number of immature onion thrips / plant counted on 10 plants in experimental plots located in Palmyra, WI (2007).

Mean (± SE) Number of Immature thrips / plant1

Treatment

Trt No

Application

Rate


(days)2

(3daa)

21 July

(7daa)

24 July

(7daa)

28 July

(14 daa)

4 August

(21 daa)

11 August Untreated Check

1 -- -- 14.1 ± 3.5 a 18.3 ± 4.3 a 29.6 ± 5.6 a 55.9± 10.5 a 32.3 ± 7.6 a

Warrior EC 2 1.92 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

6.3 ± 2.2 b 7.7 ± 3.9 bc 12.5 ± 4.0 b 32.5 ± 9.8 ab 22.7 ± 9.3 ab


4.9 ± 1.0 b 4.6 ± 2.8 bc 9.4 ± 2.4 b 14.8 ± 7.1 b 16.2 ± 5.7 b

Silencer EC 4 1.92 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

3.9 ± 1.7 b 4.5 ± 1.6 bc 3.3 ± 1.8 c 9.5 ± 3.0 bc 13.8 ± 4.4 b


3.2 ± 1.6 b 3.5 ± 1.5 c 2.1 ± 0.8 c 4.9 ± 1.6 c 12.9 ± 2.9 b

1 Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05; Fisher’s Protected LSD; n = 4). 2 Spray application dates occurred 21 and 28 July for all treatments and date values are recorded as days after application (daa).

182

Table 2. Mean (± SE) number of immature onion thrips / plant counted on 10 plants in experimental plots located in Palmyra, WI (2007). Mean (± SE) Number of Immature thrips / plant1

Treatment

Trt No

Application

Rate


(days)

(3daa)

21 July

(7daa)

24 July

(7daa)

28 July

(14 daa)

4 August

(21 daa)

11 August Untreated Check

1 -- -- 14.1 ± 3.5 18.3 ± 4.3 29.6 ± 5.6 55.9± 10.5 32.3 ± 7.6


6.3 ± 2.2 7.7 ± 3.9 12.5 ± 4.0 32.5 ± 9.8 22.7 ± 9.3


4.9 ± 1.0 4.6 ± 2.8 9.4 ± 2.4 14.8 ± 7.1 16.2 ± 5.7


3.9 ± 1.7 4.5 ± 1.6 3.3 ± 1.8 9.5 ± 3.0 13.8 ± 4.4


3.2 ± 1.6 3.5 ± 1.5 4.1 ± 0.8 4.9 ± 1.6 12.9 ± 2.9

Lannate LV 6 48.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

3.4 ± 1.5 3.8 ± 1.1 4.9 ± 1.6 5.7 ± 2.5 13.7 ± 3.6

SpinTor 2EC 7 6.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

4.8 ± 1.9 3.3 ± 0.9 2.5 ± 0.7 3.9 ± 1.3 12.8 ± 2.5

SpinTor 2EC 8 8.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

6.1 ± 2.2 1.7 ± 0.4 0.8 ± 0.3 3.7 ± 1.7 9.2 ± 2.8

Agri-Mek 0.15EC

9 8.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

2.8 ± 1.1 0.7 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.4 3.2 ± 1.2 5.1 ± 1.7

Agri-Mek 0.15EC

10 10.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

1.6 ± 0.9 0.9 ± 0.3 0.8 ± 0.2 1.8 ± 0.9 6.7 ± 2.9

Radiant SC 11 5.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

2.6 ± 1.0 1.3 ± 06 1.5 ± 0.4 5.8 ± 2.2 12.9. ± 3.9

Radiant SC 12 7.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

2.2 ± 1.6 0.4 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.3 2.8 ± 0.8 6.0 ± 2.5

Carzol SP 13 0.5 lb/ac 2 (7 days)

5.6 ± 2.0 2.8 ± 1.8 2.3 ± 1.1 4.8 ± 2.1 11.3 ± 3.5


6.8 ± 3.1 1.1 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.4 1.4 ± 1.0 4.9 ± 2.7


2.8 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.3 1.0 ± 0.5 1.9 ± 1.3 6.5 ± 3.1

Movento 16 8.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

3.8 ± 1.0 0.9 ± 0.4 0.7 ± 0.3 1.8 ± 0.3 3.9 ± 0.9

Movento 17 12.0 fl oz/ac 2 (7 days)

4.4 ± 1.8 0.3 ± 0.2 0.6 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.4 5.7 ± 2.3

LSD (P=0.05) - -- -- 2.8 1.9 2.9 3.1 6.7

183

1 Spray application dates occurred 21 and 28 July for all treatments and date values are recorded as days after application (daa).

Title. Onion seed and foliar treatments for control of onion maggot and onion thrips in Wisconsin dry bulb onion production. Principal Investigator (s) Russell L. Groves, Entomology Extension Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-3229. Scott Chapman, Associate Research Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-9914. Cooperator (s) Brian A. Nault, Associate Professor, 525 Barton Laboratory, Cornell University, NYSAES, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456 [email protected] (315) 787-2354. Project History. Results presented here are from a single season of field research completed during the (2007-08) growing season. Objectives outlined in this research are directly related to the problematic re-occurrence of onion maggot (Delia antiqua) and seed corn maggot (Delia platura) in Wisconsin dry bulb onion production. Background and Rationale. Effective, economical, and efficient long term management of both onion thrips and onion maggot continues to be a challenge in the production of dry bulb onion. Both insects pests continue to be a high pest priority for Wisconsin onion growers. Problematic populations of onion thrips are not regularly the result of warm summer time temperatures combined with insensitivity to the standard insecticides. Furthermore, many of the currently registered products for control of onion maggot are not equally effective against the seed corn maggot which is becoming locally abundant. As a result, thrips and seed maggot management is a top priority and an improved understanding of the ecology and management of these pests is essential towards the development of long-term control methods. Experimental Site: Dean Kincaid Farms, Jefferson, Wisconsin. Project Objective: To evaluate new potential insecticide seed treatments (N=4) from 2 seed treatment sources targeting problematic populations of onion thrips and seed maggots and compare these against currently registered control standards. Onion Crop: Allium cepa L. ‘Millennium’ Experimental Design: The experiment was conducted in a single commercial muck field in the southeastern quadrant of the Wisconsin in 2007. The field site was selected based on a field history of known pressure from both the onion maggot and seed corn maggot. The experiment was established on 6 April at the experimental site in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with 5 experimental replications of the (insecticide seed treatment / seed treatment vendor) main effects: 1) spinosad (Entrust): Incotec, 2) fipronil (Regent 500): Incotec, 3) clothianadin (Poncho 600): Incotec, 4) spinosad (Entrust): Seed Dynamics, 5) fipronil (Regent 500): Seed Dynamics, 6) clothianadin (Poncho 600): Seed Dynamics. These experiment combinations were directly compared to registered standards including: 7) Trigard 75WP (cyromazine): Incotec, 8) chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E), and 9) UTC. The Lorsban treatments were applied at a prescribed rate of 1.1 fl oz / 1,000 feet or row. All seed received an additional seed treatment amendment of Raxil and Thiram to aid in the control of early season disease. Each plot consisted of a single, 25 foot row planted at 9 seeds per foot of row and rows were spaced approximately 15” apart on 30” planting beds. Approximately 3 weeks after planting, initial stand counts were obtained to determine and estimate of baseline plant emergence. At weekly intervals after this count, the number of damaged or missing plants was recorded over the entire 20 feet of row. Stand counts were recorded on 25 April, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 June, and 5 and 12 July throughout the time interval when 1st generation larvae are present. Each damaged seedling was pulled, inspected for damage, and recorded for cumulative counts to be compared against a final stand count. A final stand count was

184




determined near the end of the season on 3 August and the final percent damage was estimated against the sum of the final stand count plus total number of damaged plants in each plot. In addition to counts of damaged seedlings presumably resulting from infestation by seed maggots, immature onion thrips counts were non-destructively obtained from a sub-sample of growing plants in each of the treatment main effects. Specifically, the number of immature onion thrips larvae was recorded weekly for 3 consecutive weeks through the interval 15-29 June, 2007. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, with mean separation by Fisher’s protected LSD at P <0.05. Immature thrips and maggot count data were transformed using a log

10 (x + 1) function before analysis, and untransformed means are

presented in the attached tables. Results and Discussion: During the 2007 season, we observed very good control of onion maggot populations through the duration of the 1st generation with the seed treatments obtained from both companies including the Entrust, Poncho, and Mundial treatments (Table 1). Numerically, the Mundial seed treatments resulted in the least total stand loss by the end of the season. Both the Trigard and the Lorsban registered standards performed less effectively. Very limited numeric responses were detected between the seed treatment vendors in this study suggesting that the effect of the active ingredient was similar between locations and over dates with no significant date by vendor interaction observed in this study (F=0.096, df=1, 6, P=0.3342). Presumably, some proportion of the infesting population observed in this study may have been constituted by the seed corn maggot (D. platura). With a larger proportion of seed corn maggot infestation, the Trigard standard would be expected to perform with less effectiveness similar to that which we observed in the present study. Table 1. Mean percent of onion plant stand loss resulting from infestation(s) by a combination of either onion or seed corn maggot in a commercial onion field in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. Treatment / Seed Trt Rate Formulation Company (a.i. / unit seed) Mean % stand loss1

UTC N/A -- 10.9 bc Lorsban 15G N/A 476 g a.i./1,000 seed 37.2 c Trigard 75WG Incotec 5.0 g a.i./100 g 5.7 b Entrust Incotec 0.3 mg a.i./seed 0.4 a Seed Dynamics 0.3 mg a.i./seed 0.6 a Poncho Incotec 0.2 mg a.i./seed 0.6 a Seed Dynamics 0.2 mg a.i./seed 0.7 a Mundial Incotec 2.5 g a.i./100 g 0.2 a Seed Dynamics 2.5 g a.i./100 g 0.3 a 1Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05; Fisher’s Protected LSD; n=5) Onion thrips populations did not exceed established action thresholds (3 immature thrips / leaf) in the experimental plots over the course of this week examination. Most seed treatments appeared to suppress immature thrips populations compared with the untreated control and the at-plant, Lorsban standard, with an exception being a lack of apparent control with the Trigard seed treatment (Table 2). This was likely due to the fact that cyromazine, the active ingredient in Trigard, has not been previously documented as an effective thrips control product. The most effective insecticides for suppressing early season thrips population densities included the Mundial and Entrust seed treatments (Table 2). Although we observed some early-season control with these seed treatment applications, the reduction in immature thrips population densities did not extend over more than 2 successive weeks. This level of suppression was likely insufficient to maintain populations below damaging levels so often reached in early July when thrips populations rapidly increase and have adverse effects on the crop. Furthermore, the response of each insecticidal seed treatment appeared consistent between the 2 seed treatment companies examined in this experiment. Although early season treatments significantly suppressed immature thrips populations, the rational for recommending these treatments should be for the control of seed maggots, including seed corn and onion maggots in dry bulb onion production.

185

Table 2. Mean onion thrips per leaf observed from weekly counts among plants treated with selected seed treatment insecticides in a commercial onion field in Jefferson County, Wisconsin.

Mean immature thrips / plant Treatment Formulation

Seed Treatment Company

Rate (a.i. / unit seed) 15 June 22 June 29 June

UTC N/A 4.2 b 3.4 b 4.3 a Lorsban 15G N/A 476 g a.i./1,000 seed 5.2 b 1.7 ab 4.2 a Trigard 75WG Incotec 5.0 g a.i./100 g 3.8 ab 3.7 b 4.6 a Entrust Incotec 0.3 mg a.i./seed 1.4 a 2.1 ab 3.7 a Seed Dynamics 0.3 mg a.i./seed 1.2 a 1.7 a 3.2 a Poncho Incotec 0.2 mg a.i./seed 2.8 ab 2.2 ab 3.9 a Seed Dynamics 0.2 mg a.i./seed 2.2 ab 4.1 b 2.6 a Mundial Incotec 2.5 mg a.i./seed 1.6 a 1.6 a 2.9 a Seed Dynamics 2.5 mg a.i./seed 0.7 a 0.9 a 2.9 a

1Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05; Fisher’s Protected LSD).

186

UW Entomology Department Corn Rootworm Trial 2007

1/Assistant Professor/Extension Specialist, Entomology Department, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. 2/Associate Researcher, Entomology Dept. University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. 3/ Outreach Program Manager, UW IPM Program, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706.

Insecticide Efficacy Trial Results Field Corn 2007:

Corn Rootworm Trials

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Department of Entomology Arlington Agricultural Research Station

Scott Chapman2, Bryan Jensen3 and Eileen M. Cullen1

Field History: The 2007 corn rootworm larval insecticide efficacy trials were established at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, in field 592. Field 592 was chisel plowed in fall 2006 and cultivated in the spring of 2007. No manure was applied. Soil in the test plot is classified as Plano silt loam (sand: 13%, silt: 68%, clay: 19%). Soil test results from spring 2006 in field 592 are; pH: 6.8; Organic matter: 3.2%; Phosphorus: 85 ppm; Potassium: 189 ppm. Field corn was grown in field 592 during 2006 with glyphosate (Roundup) used for weed control. No supplemental irrigation was applied to the plots. Two additional corn rootworm insecticide efficacy trials were established in field 592. These trials evaluated the efficacy of Dow AgroSciences Herculex RW and Herculex XTRA hybrids on corn rootworm larval control. A white grub insecticide efficacy trial was established on the Spring Valley Dairy Farm of Dean Jenson, Gratiot, Wisconsin in Lafayette County. The field was chisel plowed in fall 2006 and cultivated in spring 2007. Soil tests were not conducted at this site. No supplemental irrigation was applied to the plots. Treatments, Planting, and Experimental Design:

a. Corn rootworm larval efficacy trials Thirty five treatments were evaluated in a large replicated field corn study (Standards trial) for efficacy against corn rootworm larval injury to field corn roots. Treatments included nicotinoid seed treatments (Cruiser and Poncho), four at the corn rootworm rate of 1.25 mg a.i. per kernel and two at a lower secondary insect pest rate of 0.25 mg a.i. per kernel; eight synthetic pyrethroid treatments (T-band, T-band spray and/or in-furrow); six organophosphate treatments (T-band and T-band spray); eight organophosphate + synthetic pyrethroid treatments (T-band, T-band spray and Smartbox®); two transgenic Bt corn rootworm hybrids, (Cry 3Bb1) and (Cry 34/35Ab1), respectively; one pyrazole treatment (microtube); and untreated checks (Table 1). Two transgenic Bt corn rootworm hybrids were used in this trial [Renk RK488YGRW and Herculex RW (Pioneer Hybrid)]. Two non-Bt isolines, RK488 and Herculex were used as untreated checks in the trial. RK488 was pretreated with 2.5 oz. ai/cwt. Maxim XL, 0.64 fl oz./cwt. Apron XL fungicides upon receipt from Renk Seeds, Sun Prairie, WI and was used in all but the five Herculex treatments. Seed (RK488) was shipped to Bayer CropScience and Syngenta Crop Protection to be treated with the appropriate pesticides. In furrow, T-band, T-band spray, microtube and Smartbox® treatments were applied with attachments mounted on the corn planter.


All the corn rootworm larval trials were planted into an area of field 592 that was trap cropped in 2006. A field corn trap crop was planted June 19, 2006 to provide corn silks and pollen in July and August when western and northern corn rootworm beetle adults were feeding, mating and depositing eggs into the soil; attracting a potentially economically damaging rootworm population to the site where the corn rootworm larval insecticide efficacy trial would be conducted the subsequent (2007) season. The Standards trial was planted 18 May, 2007 with a two-row John Deere model 7100 planter, modified to accept either cone seeder attachments or standard hopper boxes. This trial was planted with the standard hopper boxes attached. A target seeding rate of 30,200 plants per acre was planted and actual plant populations can be found in Table 2. Plots consisted of four 50-foot rows spaced at 30 inches. Treatments were assigned to plots in a completely randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Thirty-foot alleyways were maintained between replicate blocks. Two additional corn rootworm trials were conducted using Agrisure and Herculex hybrids as separate small trials in field 592. Each trial contained unique corn hybrids, Agrisure and Herculex along with hybrid isolines without the Bt traits. These two trials were also planted into an area of field 592 that was trap cropped the previous year (2006). The trials were planted 8 May, 2007 with a two-row John Deere model 7100 planter with the cone seeders attached. A target seeding rate of 2 seeds per foot was planted and actual plant populations can be found in Table 2. Plots consisted of six 20-foot rows spaced at 30 inches (Herculex XTRA trial) and four 20-foot rows spaced at 30 inches (Agrisure trial). Treatments were assigned to plots in a completely randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Fifteen-foot alleyways were maintained between replicate blocks. 130 pounds of nitrogen, in the form of anhydrous ammonia, was applied broadcast across the field preplant. Dual II Magnum at the rate of 1.3 pt/a was applied preemergence on 12 May and Callisto at the rate of 3 oz/a applied on 12 June for weed control.

b. White grub control with seed treatments Seven treatments were evaluated for efficacy against white grubs in field corn. Treatments included 5 nicotinoid treatments (3 imidacloprid and 2 thiamethoxam) and an untreated check. The trial was planted 1 May, 2007 with a 1 row hand planter (Planet Jr.). A target seeding rate of 1.5 seeds per foot was planted. Plots consisted of 4 20-foot rows spaced at 30 inches. Treatments were assigned to plots in a completely randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Ten-foot alleyways were maintained between replicate blocks.

188


Table 1. Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial. Insecticidal seed treatment, soil applied insecticides and transgenic Bt corn rootworm corn hybrids. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. 2006.

Trade Name Active Ingredient (insecticide class) Rate Placement

Untreated (RK488) --- --- ---

YieldGard RW + Cruiser 5FS1

Bt CRW (Cry3Bb1) + thiamethoxam (GMO +

nicotinoid) 0.25 mg a.i./kernel Seed Treatment

Poncho 12503 clothianidin (nicotinoid) 1.25 mg a.i./ kernel Seed Treatment

Cruiser 5FS thiamethoxam (nicotinoid) 1.25 mg a.i./ kernel Seed Treatment

Force 3G tefluthrin (pyrethroid) 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band

A14974 250L tefluthrin (pyrethroid) 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft T-band

Capture 2EC bifenthrin (pyrethroid) 1.32 oz./1000 ft T-band spray

Aztec 2.1G tebupirimphos + cyfluthrin

(organophosphate + pyrethroid)

6.7 oz./1000 row ft T-band



8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band

A14974 250L tefluthrin (pyrethroid) 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft In furrow



6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow

Force 3G tefluthrin (pyrethroid) 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow

Capture 2EC bifenthrin (pyrethroid) 1.32 oz./1000 ft In furrow

Capture LFR bifenthrin (pyrethroid) 0.49 oz./1000 ft In furrow

Aztec 2.1G tebupirimphos + cyfluthrin (organophosphate + pyrethroid) 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow




Regent 4SC fipronil (pyrazole) 1.12 oz. a.i./1000 ft In furrow

(Microtube)

(Continued)

189


Table 1. (Continued). Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial. Insecticidal seed treatment, soil applied insecticides and transgenic Bt corn rootworm corn hybrids. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. 2006.


Lorsban 15G chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) 11.2 oz. ai/1000 ft In furrow

Lorsban 4E chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) 2.4 oz./1000 ft T-band spray

Fortress 5G chlorethoxyfos (organophosphate) 3.7 oz./1000 ft In furrow

(Smartbox®)

Aztec 4.67G tebupirimphos + cyfluthrin (organophosphate + pyrethroid) 3.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow

(Smartbox®)

Herculex RW (Pioneer hybrid) Bt CRW (Cry34/35Ab1) --- Seed Treatment


Counter 15G terbufos (organophosphate) 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band

Counter 15G + YieldGard RW

terbufos (organophosphate)

+ Bt CRW (Cry3Bb1) 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band

Counter 15G terbufos (organophosphate) 6.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band

Untreated (Pioneer hybrid) --- --- ---

Force 3G (Pioneer hybrid)

tefluthrin (synthetic pyrethroid) 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow


Aztec 2.1G + Yieldgard RW

tebupirimphos + cyfluthrin (organophosphate + pyrethroid)

+ Bt CRW (Cry3Bb1)


Force 3G + Yieldgard RW

tefluthrin (pyrethroid)

+ Bt CRW (Cry3Bb1) 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band

(Continued)

190


Table 1. (Continued). Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial. Insecticidal seed treatment, soil applied insecticides and transgenic Bt corn rootworm corn hybrids. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. 2006.


Aztec 2.1G + Poncho 250

tebupirimphos + cyfluthrin + clothianidin

(organophosphate + pyrethroid + nicotinoid)

6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 0.25 mg/kernel In furrow

Poncho 1250 clothianidin (nicotinoid) 1.25 mg ai/kernel Seed Treatment

Untreated (RK488) --- --- ---


tebupirimphos + cyfluthrin + clothianidin

(organophosphate + pyrethroid + nicotinoid)

6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 1.25 mg/kernel In furrow

1 Cruiser is at the low rate (0.25 mg a.i./kernel) of thiamethoxam for secondary pest control. 2 Poncho 250 is a low rate (0.25 mg a.i./kernel) of clothianidin for secondary pest control. 3 Poncho 1250 is the high rate (1.25 mg a.i./kernel) of clothianidin for corn rootworm control. Table 2. HerculexRW and Herculex XTRA corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. 2007.


HerculexRW + Cruiser 5FS1

Bt CRW (Cry34/35Ab1) + thiamethoxam (nicotinoid) 0.25 mg a.i./kernel ---

Herculex XTRA + Cruiser 5FS1

Bt CRW (Cry34/35Ab1) hybrid + thiamethoxam (nicotinoid) 0.25 mg a.i./kernel ---

1 Cruiser is at the low rate (0.25 mg a.i./kernel) of thiamethoxam for secondary pest control.

191


Table 3. Agrisure corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. 2007.


Agrisure hybrid 1 + Cruiser 5FS1

Bt CRW (Cry34/35Ab1) + thiamethoxam (nicotinoid) 0.25 mg a.i./kernel


Bt CRW (Cry34/35Ab1) hybrid + thiamethoxam (nicotinoid) 0.25 mg a.i./kernel ---

Agrisure hybrid 1 isoline +

Cruiser 5FS1thiamethoxam (nicotinoid) 0.25 mg a.i./kernel ---

Agrisure hybrid 2 isoline +

Cruiser 5FS1thiamethoxam (nicotinoid) 0.25 mg a.i./kernel ---

1 Cruiser is at the low rate (0.25 mg a.i./kernel) of thiamethoxam for secondary pest control. Table 4. White grub soil insecticide efficacy Trial. Spring Valley Dairy Farm, Gratiot, WI. 2007.

Trade Name Active Ingredient (pesticide class) Rate Placement

Maxim XL Fludioxonil (Phenyl pyrole) 10.9 mL/100 Kg Seed treatment

Maxim XL + Kernel Guard

Supreme

Fludioxanil (Phenyl pyrole) + Permethrin (pyrethroid) + Carboxin (carboximide)

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 kg Seed treatment

Maxim XL + Latitude

Fludioxonil (Phenyl pyrole) + Imidacloprid (nicotinoid)

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 kg Seed treatment

Maxim XL + Poncho 600

Fludioxonil (Phenyl pyrole) + Imidacloprid (nicotinoid)

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU Seed treatment

Maxim XL + Poncho 600 + Kernel Guard

Supreme

Fludioxonil (Phenyl pyrole) + Imidacloprid (nicotinoid) + Permethrin (pyrethroid) + Carboxin (carboximide)

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU

+ 230 g/100 kg Seed treatment

Maxim XL + Cruiser 5FS +Kernel Guard

Supreme

Fludioxonil (Phenyl pyrole) + thiamethoxam (nicotinoid)

+ Permethrin (pyrethroid) + Carboxin (carboximide)

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg

+ Seed treatment

Maxim XL + Cruiser 5FS

Fludioxonil (Phenyl pyrole) + thiamethoxam (nicotinoid)+

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg Seed treatment

192


Table 5. Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial 1. Stand counts of insecticidal seed treatment, soil applied insecticide, transgenic Bt corn rootworm hybrid and check treatment plots. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI.

Stand counts [No. Plants/50 feet]2Treatment Rate Placement

30 May1

Aztec 2.1G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 86.9 a

Aztec 4.67G 3.0 oz./1000 row ft In furrow (Smartbox®) 86.8 a

Capture 2EC 0.3 oz/1000 row ft In furrow 86.5 a

Force 3G (Pioneer -isoline) 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow 86.5 a

Force 3G + Yieldgard RW 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band 86.4 a


6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 1.25 mg/kernel In furrow 85.9 a

Lorsban 15G 11.2 oz. ai/1000 ft In furrow 85.7 a

Poncho 1250 1.25 mg a.i./ kernel Seed Treatment 85.6 a

A14974 250L 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft In furrow 85.6 a

Force 3G 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow 85.6 a

Untreated (Pioneer hybrid) --- --- 85.4 a

Untreated (RK488) --- --- 85.4 a

Poncho 1250 1.25 mg ai/kernel Seed Treatment 85.3 a

Untreated (RK488) --- --- 85.3 a

Aztec 2.1G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 85.2 a Aztec 2.1G + Poncho 250

6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 0.25 mg/kernel In furrow 84.8 a

Capture 2EC 1.32 oz./1000 ft T-band spray 84.7 a

(Continued) 1 P = 0.0867; F = 1.419; df = 36, 147; LSD = 2.95 2Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05 (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management Inc. Brookings, SD, 2004).

193


Table 5. (Continued). Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial 1. Stand counts of insecticidal seed treatment, soil applied insecticide, transgenic Bt corn rootworm hybrid and check treatment plots. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI.

Stand counts [No. Plants/50 feet]2Treatment Rate Placement

30 May1

Counter 15G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 84.7 a

Lorsban 4E 2.4 oz./1000 ft T-band spray 84.6 a

YieldGard RW + Cruiser 5FS1 0.25 mg a.i./kernel Seed Treatment 84.6 a

Herculex RW (Pioneer hybrid) --- Seed Treatment 84.5 a

Aztec 2.1G 6.7 oz./1000 row ft T-band 84.0 a


Cruiser 5FS 1.25 mg a.i./kernel Seed Treatment 83.9 a

Capture LFR 0.49 oz./1000 ft In furrow 83.9 a

Counter 15G 6.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 83.9 a

Regent 4SC 1.12 oz. a.i./1000 ft In furrow (Microtube) 83.8 a

Fortress 5G 3.7 oz./1000 ft In furrow (Smartbox®) 83.8 a


Aztec 2.1G + Yieldgard RW 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 83.8 a

Counter 15G + Yieldgard RW 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 83.7 a

Force 3G 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band 83.4 a

A14974 250L 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft T-band 83.4 a

Aztec 2.1G 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 82.9 a


194


Table 6. Herculex RW and Herculex XTRA corn rootworm efficacy trial . Stand counts from transgenic Bt corn rootworm hybrids. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Treatment Placement Rate Stand counts [No. Plants/20 feet]

Herculex XTRA isoline (2R570) + Cruiser 5FS 0.25 mg/kernel) --- --- 26.3 a

Herculex XTRA (2R577) (+ Cruiser 5FS 0.25 mg/kernel) --- --- 26.1 a

1 P = 0.7961; F = 0.08; df = 1, 7; LSD = 2.11 2Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05 (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management Inc. Brookings, SD, 2004). Table 7. Agrisure corn rootworm efficacy trial. Stand counts from transgenic Bt corn rootworm hybrids. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Treatment Placement Rate Stand counts [No. Plants/20 feet]

Agrisure hybrid 1 + Cruiser 5FS1 --- 0.25 mg a.i./kernel 25.6 a

Agrisure hybrid 2 + Cruiser 5FS1 --- 0.25 mg a.i./kernel 28.9 a

Agrisure hybrid 1 isoline + Cruiser 5FS1 --- 0.25 mg a.i./kernel 22.9 a


1 P = 0.3911; F = 1.123; df = 4, 19; LSD = 6.23 2Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05 (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management Inc. Brookings, SD, 2004).

195


Root Evaluation for Corn Rootworm Larval Injury: The Iowa State University Node-Injury root rating scale was used to evaluate the level of root protection between treatments [Oleson and Tollefson, http://www.ent.iastate.edu/pest/rootworm/nodeinjury/nodeinjury.html]. This root rating system evaluates damage based on each node, and equivalency of roots pruned to within ~ 1.5 inches of the stalk. Damage may be sustained entirely on one node or on a combination of nodes. Using this system, economic root injury ranges between 0.0 and 3.0. For example, a rating of 1.25 represents the equivalent of one entire node pruned (number to the left of the decimal), plus 25% of an additional partial node (number to the right of the decimal). Root ratings between 0.25 and 0.75 fall within the economic injury range. We use a root rating cut-off at or above 0.50 (some pruning has occurred, but never the equivalent of an entire node) to determine whether a product has provided adequate root protection. The closer a root rating is to 0.25 or below, the more effective it is. Root ratings were taken on July 18, 2007. Five plants were evaluated per plot. Plants were cut to within 12 inches of the ground, dug up, tagged and removed. Roots were soaked in water and then washed with a high pressure water stream to remove soil prior to node injury rating. Harvest and Yield: Preharvest data include: total stand from the center two rows of each 50 foot plot length; number of stalks lodged between the ear and the first root node; and number of root lodged plants (Table 4). Rows 2, 3 and 4 were harvested and yield data obtained using a Massey Ferguson 3 row plot harvester. Statistical Analysis: All data (stand counts, lodging, node-injury root rating and yield) were subjected to analysis of variance using ARM7 (Gylling Data Management, Inc. 2004) at α = 0.05. Means separation (Least Significant Difference Test) was used to rank results.

196

http://www.ent.iastate.edu/pest/rootworm/nodeinjury/nodeinjury.html


Corn Rootworm Trial Results: Table 8. Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial 1. Node-Injury Root Ratings. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Treatment Placement Rate Node-Injury Rating1,2

Counter 15G + Yieldgard RW 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 0.00 j

Force 3G + Yieldgard RW 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band 0.01 j

Herculex RW (Pioneer hybrid) --- Seed Treatment 0.01 ij

YieldGard RW + Cruiser 5FS1 0.25 mg a.i./kernel Seed Treatment 0.02 ij

Herculex RW (Pioneer hybrid) --- Seed Treatment 0.02 ij

Aztec 2.1G + Yieldgard RW 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 0.02 ij

Counter 15G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 0.05 hij

Herculex RW (Pioneer hybrid) --- Seed Treatment 0.06 hij

Counter 15G 6.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 0.09 g-j

Aztec 4.67G 3.0 oz./1000 row ft In furrow (Smartbox®) 0.11 g-j

Fortress 5G 3.7 oz./1000 ft In furrow (Smartbox®) 0.14 g-j


6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 1.25 mg/kernel In furrow 0.15 g-j

Cruiser 5FS 1.25 mg a.i./kernel Seed Treatment 0.17 g-j

Lorsban 15G 11.2 oz. ai/1000 ft In furrow 0.22 f-j

Aztec 2.1G 6.7 oz./1000 row ft T-band 0.22 f-j


6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 0.25 mg/kernel In furrow 0.24 f-j

Aztec 2.1G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 0.28 f-j


197


Table 8. (Continued). Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial 1. Node-Injury Root Ratings. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.


Capture 2EC 0.3 oz/1000 row ft T-band spray 0.3 f-j

Lorsban 4E 2.4 oz./1000 ft T-band spray 0.32 f-j

Capture 2EC 0.3 oz/1000 row ft In furrow 0.38 f-j

Force 3G 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band 0.38 f-j

Aztec 2.1G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 0.40 f-j

Aztec 2.1G + Yieldgard RW 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 0.49 f-j

A14974 250L 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft In furrow 0.52 f-j

Force 3G 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow 0.55 f-j

Force 3G (Pioneer-isoline) 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow 0.56 fgh

A14974 250L 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft T-band 0.58 fgh

Poncho 1250 1.25 mg ai/kernel Seed Treatment 0.61 fg

Capture LFR 0.49 oz./1000 ft In furrow 1.24 de

Poncho 1250 1.25 mg ai/kernel Seed Treatment 1.78 cd

Regent 4SC 1.12 oz. a.i./1000 ft In furrow (Microtube) 2.23 bc

Untreated (Pioneer hybrid) --- --- 2.31 bc

Untreated (RK488) --- --- 2.74 ab

Untreated (RK488) --- --- 3.00 a 1 P = 0.0001; F = 17.144; df = 36, 147; LSD = 0.538 2Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05 (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management Inc. Brookings, SD, 2004).

198


Table 9. Herculex RW and Herculex XTRA corn rootworm efficacy trial . Node-Injury Root Ratings. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.


Herculex XTRA isoline (2R570) + Cruiser 5FS 0.25

mg/kernel) --- --- 2.54 a

Herculex XTRA (2R577) (+ Cruiser 5FS 0.25 mg/kernel) --- --- 0.01 b

1 P = 0.0023; F = 96.069; df = 1, 7; LSD = 0.82 2Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05 (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management Inc. Brookings, SD, 2004). Table 10. Agrisure corn rootworm efficacy trial. Node-Injury Root Ratings. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.


Agrisure hybrid 1 + Cruiser 5FS1 --- 0.25 mg a.i./kernel 0.4 c

Agrisure hybrid 2 + Cruiser 5FS1 --- 0.25 mg a.i./kernel 0.3 c


Agrisure hybrid 2 isoline + Cruiser 5FS1 --- 0.25 mg a.i./kernel 2.3 b

1 P = 0.0001; F = 58.113; df = 4, 19; LSD = 0.51 2Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05 (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management Inc. Brookings, SD, 2004).

199


Table 11. Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial. Preharvest and yield data. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Preharvest data

Lodging Treatment Rate Placement Stand1

(plants /50 ft.) Stalk2 Root3

Yield (Bu/A)4

Untreated (RK488) --- --- 77.9 a 2.9 ij 29.3 c 111.2 l

YieldGard RW + Cruiser 5FS1 0.25 mg a.i./kernel Seed Treatment 81.1 a 13.8 a 11.8 e-h 183.6 a-d

Poncho 12503 1.25 mg a.i./ kernel Seed Treatment 81.9 a 7.8 c-g 5.8 h-l 161.1 b-f

Cruiser 5FS 1.25 mg a.i./ kernel Seed Treatment 83.1 a 9.5 bc 1.5 jkl 151.4 f-i

Force 3G 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band 79.9 a 5.6 e-i 0.8 jkl 147.6 f-j

A14974 250L 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft T-band 80.3 a 3.8 hij 15.3 def 120.6 jkl

Capture 2EC 1.32 oz./1000 ft T-band spray 81.9 a 5.7 e-i 0.1 l 153.9 fgh

Aztec 2.1G 6.7 oz./1000 row ft T-band 81.3 a 6.6 c-h 0.7 kl 155.6 efg

Aztec 2.1G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 83.9 a 4.8 f-i 0.4 l 159.5 c-f

A14974 250L 0.46 fl oz/1000 row ft In furrow 77 a 4.6 ghi 19.5 d 125 i-l

Aztec 2.1G 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 81.4 a 5.3 f-i 0.4 l 127 h-l

Force 3G 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow 80.8 a 7.1 c-h 0.8 jkl 125.7 i-l

Capture 2EC 1.32 oz./1000 ft In furrow 76.9 a 4.8 f-i 3.1 jkl 118.7 kl

Capture LFR 0.49 oz./1000 ft In furrow 79.2 a 4.4 ghi 0.3 l 151 f-i

Aztec 2.1G 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 81.9 a 6.1 c-i 0.1 l 131 g-l

Aztec 2.1G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 77.6 a 4.9 f-i 8 f-j 118.9 kl

Regent 4SC 1.12 oz. a.i./1000 ft In furrow (Microtube) 81.6 a 9.1 b-e 0.1 l 146.5 f-k

(Continued) 1 P = 0.0561; F = 1.505; df = 36, 147; LSD = 5.77 2 P =0.0001; F = 6.376; df = 36, 147; LSD = 3.46 3 P = 0.0001; F = 28.41; df = 36, 147; LSD = 7.28 4 P = 0.0001; F = 10.152; df = 36; 147; LSD =27.91 Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05.

200


Table 11. (Continued). Corn rootworm insecticide efficacy Trial 1. Preharvest and yield data. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Preharvest data

Lodging Treatment Rate Placement Stand1


Yield (Bu/A)4

Lorsban 15G 11.2 oz. ai/1000 ft In furrow 81.4 a 4.6 ghi 0.4 l 149 f-i

Lorsban 4E 2.4 oz./1000 ft T-band spray 79.3 a 6 d-i 0.6 l 145 f-k

Fortress 5G 3.7 oz./1000 ft In furrow (Smartbox®) 81.1 a 6.1 c-i 0.1 l 137 f-l

Aztec 4.67G 3.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow (Smartbox®) 85.1 a 0.7 j 15.5 de 200.6 a

Herculex RW (Pioneer hybrid) --- Seed

Treatment 83.6 a 0.9 j 13.5 d-g 203 a


Treatment 82.1 a 4.6 ghi 0.1 l 157 d-g

Counter 15G 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 82.9 a 7.1 c-h 6.6 g-l 188.3 ab

Counter 15G + YieldGard RW 8.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 85.1 a 9.2 bcd 3.1 jkl 203.5 a

Counter 15G 6.0 oz./1000 row ft T-band 76.6 a 5.3 f-i 0.1 l 146.6 f-k

Untreated (Pioneer hybrid) --- --- 80.1 a 0.6 j 49.8 b 159.3 c-f

Force 3G (Pioneer hybrid) 4.0 oz./1000 ft In furrow 83.8 a 0.7 j 16.4 de 186.2 abc


Treatment 82.2 a 7.1 c-h 3.4 i-l 182.6 a-e

Aztec 2.1G + Yieldgard RW 6.7 oz./1000 row ft In furrow 84.4 a 8.2 c-f 4.1 i-l 196 a

Force 3G + Yieldgard RW 4.0 oz./1000 ft T-band 78.4 a 3.8 hij 0.3 l 113.7 l


6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 0.25 mg/kernel In furrow 80.3 a 5.4 f-i 0.5 l 150.1 f-i

Poncho 1250 1.25 mg ai/kernel Seed Treatment 80.9 a 9.4 bcd 10.4 e-i 136.9 f-l

Untreated (RK488) --- --- 83.8 a 11.9 ab 7.9 g-k 145.9 f-k


6.7 oz./1000 row ft + 1.25 mg/kernel In furrow 83.1 a 7.7 c-g 0.6 kl 155.5 efg

1 P = 0.0561; F = 1.505; df = 36, 147; LSD = 5.77 2 P =0.0001; F = 6.376; df = 36, 147; LSD = 3.46 3 P = 0.0001; F = 28.41; df = 36, 147; LSD = 7.28 4 P = 0.0001; F = 10.152; df = 36; 147; LSD =27.91 Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05.

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Table 12. Herculex RW and Herculex XTRA corn rootworm efficacy. Preharvest and yield data. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2006.

Preharvest data

Lodging Treatment Rate Stand1


Yield (Bu/A)4

Herculex XTRA isoline (2R570) + Cruiser 5FS 0.25

mg/kernel) --- 23.8 b 0.0 a 13.5 a 75.5 b

Herculex XTRA (2R577) (+ Cruiser 5FS 0.25 mg/kernel)

--- 27.1 a 0.0 a 2.0 a 160.8 a

(1 P = 0.0073; F = 42.616; df = 1, 7; LSD = 1.58) (2 P = 0.391; F = 1.0; df = 1, 7; LSD = 0.13) (3

P = 0.008; F = 39.978; df = 1, 7; LSD = 5.77) ( 4 P = 0.0082; F = 39.031; df = 1, 7; LSD = 43.32). Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05. Table 13. Agrisure corn rootworm efficacy. Preharvest and yield data. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Preharvest data

Lodging Treatment Rate Stand1


Yield (Bu/A)4


0.25 mg a.i./kernel 22.4 a 0.1 b 18.9 a 140.4 a


0.25 mg a.i./kernel 26.7 a 0.2 b 18.6 a 149.0 a

Agrisure hybrid 1 isoline + Cruiser

5FS1

0.25 mg a.i./kernel 22.6 a 0.0 b 16.7 a 56.2 bc

Agrisure hybrid 2 isoline + Cruiser

5FS1

0.25 mg a.i./kernel 23.9 a 0.9 a 18.3 a 75.1 b

(1 P = 0.7122; F = 0.537; df = 4, 19; LSD = 7.67) (2 P = 0.0036; F = 7.133; df = 4, 19; LSD = 0.44) (3 P = 0.9209; F = 0.222; df = 4, 19; LSD = 10.82) ( 4 P = 0.0001; F = 34.241; df = 4, 19; LSD = 26.15). Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05.

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White Grub Trial Results: Table 14. White grub soil insecticide efficacy. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Stand counts [No. Plants/20 feet] Total plants Treatment Rate

12 June1 19 June2

Maxim XL 10.9 mL/100 Kg 13.6 c 10.5 c

Maxim XL + Kernel Guard Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 kg 18.4 b 16.3 b

Maxim XL + Latitude 10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 kg 26.0 a 25.1 a


10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU 27.4 a 26.1 a

Maxim XL + Poncho 600 + Kernel

Guard Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU

+ 230 g/100 kg 27.0 a 26.3 a


+Kernel Guard Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg

+ 24.9 a 24.2 a


10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg 24.9 a 23.5 a

(1 P = 0.0001; F = 25.763; df = 6, 27; LSD = 3.03) (2 P = 0.0001; F = 19.443; df = 6, 27; LSD = 4.04) Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05.

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Table 15. White grub soil insecticide efficacy. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI 2007.

Stand counts [No. Plants/20 feet] 30 June Treatment Rate

Healthy1 Damaged2

Maxim XL 10.9 mL/100 Kg 0.7 d 8.9 bc


Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg

+ 230 g/100 kg 2.9 cd 9.4 bc

Maxim XL + Latitude

10.9 mL/100 Kg

+ 230 g/100 kg 18.1 a 6.4 c


10.9 mL/100 Kg

+ 33 ml/SU 17.3 a 7.8 bc


Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg

+ 33 ml/SU + 230 g/100 kg

18.2 a 6.5 c


Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg

+ 166 ml/100 Kg +

11.4 b 10.9 b


10.9 mL/100 Kg

+ 166 ml/100 Kg

7.2 bc 15.3 a

(1 P = 0.0001; F = 22.363; df = 6, 27; LSD = 4.64) (2 P = 0.0032; F = 5.105; df = 6, 27; LSD = 4.06). Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05.

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Stand counts [No. Plants/20 feet] 16 August Treatment Rate

Healthy1 Damaged2Vigor rating3

Maxim XL 10.9 mL/100 Kg 7.1 c 1.4 b 4.3 e


Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 kg 8.6 c 1.4 b 4.0 e

Maxim XL + Latitude

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 kg 19.6 ab 1.1 bc 7.3 bc


10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU 23.0 a 0.3 c 8.8 a


Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU

+ 230 g/100 kg 22.4 a 1.1 bc 8.3 ab


Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg

+ 16.4 b 2.1 ab 6.5 cd


10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg 16.1 b 2.6 a 5.8 d

(1 P = 0.0001; F = 15.266; df = 6, 27; LSD = 4.77) ( 2 P = 0.0058; F = 4.52; df = 6, 27; LSD = 1.03) ( 3 P = 0.0001; F = 15.293; df = 6, 27; LSD = 1.40). Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05.

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Treatment Rate Yield (bu./a)1

Maxim XL 10.9 mL/100 Kg 32.6 d


Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 Kg 30.6 d

Maxim XL + Latitude 10.9 mL/100 Kg + 230 g/100 Kg 120.1 ab


10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU 141.1 a

Maxim XL + Poncho 600 + Kernel

Guard Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 33 ml/SU

+ 230 g/100 Kg 143.6 a


+Kernel Guard Supreme

10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg + 230 g/100 Kg

90.3 bc


10.9 mL/100 Kg + 166 ml/100 Kg 78.6 c

(1 P = 0.0001; F = 12.01; df = 6, 27; LSD = 40.42). Means within the same column followed by the same letter do not significantly differ at α = 0.05.

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Results Summary:

a. Corn rootworm larval efficacy trials Node-injury root ratings are listed for the 2007 trials (Tables 8-13) with root damage in descending order within the column. Root rating scores were statistically significant among treatments, detecting a difference among treatments at the 5 percent probability level. Corn rootworm pressure was high with node-injury scores of 2.31, 2.74, and 3.0 in the untreated check plots. In all Tables the more effective treatments are listed towards the top of the table, with the lower node-injury root rating scores. Root ratings below a level of 0.50 generally provide acceptable root protection, while root ratings under 0.25 are well below the level of economic root damage. Statistically speaking, the transgenic Bt CRW hybrids in combination with Counter 15G and Force 3G provided the highest level of corn rootworm larval control with average node-injury ratings between 0.0-0.1. The Bt CRW hybrids (YieldGard RW, Herculex RW and Herculex XTRA) also provided a high level of corn rootworm larvae control with average node-injury ratings between 0.01-0.06. Counter 15G at 6 and 8 oz/1000 row feet (T-band), Aztec 4.67G 3 oz/1000 row feet (in furrow, smartbox), Fortress 5G at 3.7 oz/1000 row feet (in furrow, smartbox), Aztec 2.1G at 6.7 oz/1000 row feet (in furrow) in combination with Poncho 1250, Cruiser at 1.25 mg a.i./Kg, Lorsban 15G at 11.2 oz a.i./1000 row feet (in furrow), Aztec 2.1G at 6.7 oz/1000 row feet (T-band) and Aztec 2.1G at 8.0 oz./1000 ft + Poncho 250 (In furrow) also provided very good corn rootworm larval control with node-injury ratings of less than 0.25. Aztec 2.1G at 8.0 oz./1000 ft (In furrow and T-band), Capture 2EC at 0.3 oz/1000 row feet (In furrow and T-band), Lorsban 4E at 2.4 oz/1000 row feet (T-band spray); Force 3G at 4 oz/1000 row feet (T-band), Aztec 2.1G at 8 oz./1000 ft (In furrow) and Aztec 2.1G at 6.7 oz/1000 row feet (in furrow) in combination with Yieldgard RW hybrid provided good corn rootworm larval control with node-injury ratings between 0.25 and 0.50. The remaining treatments had root node-injury ratings between 0.5 and 2.23 (Table 8). Keep in mind that corn rootworm insecticides, whatever the class, vary between years in terms of root rating results and yield. In years of heavy corn rootworm pressure, any given product can be overwhelmed by the larval population, resulting in root damage. As you evaluate corn rootworm trials within one state over the years, and compare product performance between states within the same year, look for consistency of results. That is, “how often did a particular control option result in satisfactory root protection?”. Also keep in mind that poor root protection may not result in reduced yields if the environment conditions are favorable for corn growth. It is during poor growing conditions that root pruning adds to crop stress and impacts yield. It is also important to note that these are small plot data and tend to yield higher under research station conditions. While small plot yields are not necessarily representative of commercial field expectations, it is the difference between treatments that we are interested in. In addition to corn rootworm larval feeding (a function of larval population, planting date, weather and timing of the larval hatch), corn yield is influenced by hybrid root structure, soil type, soil fertility and nutrient availability, moisture, temperature, and other factors. Over time as we continue to include yield data in the UW corn rootworm trials, we’ll be able to accumulate data on how often a particular control option results in a statistically significant higher yield than the untreated control, even when control options do not differ in yield from each other. Yield data over time, along with the more tangible root rating injury data, rootworm pressure and

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general growing conditions in a given year, provides supplemental information on which to evaluate and select a corn rootworm control product in fields where larval hatch is a concern.

b. White grub larval control White grub larval pressure was quite high at this location and larvae significantly reduced plant stands and subsequent yields (Tables 14-17). The addition of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam significantly reduced larval feeding in comparison to the untreated plots with the highest yields being observed in the imidacloprid treated plots followed by the thiamethoxam treated plots. Kernel Guard Supreme provided no white grub larval protection and yields from these treatments were significantly similar to the untreated plots.

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UW Entomology Department Soybean Aphid Seed Treatment and Foliar Trials 2007

Insecticide Efficacy Trial Results-Soybean 2007

University of Wisconsin, Madison Department of Entomology

Arlington Agricultural Research Station

Scott Chapman2, Bryan Jensen3, and Eileen M. Cullen1

Field History: Soybean aphid insecticidal seed treatment and foliar efficacy trials were conducted at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station in field 26. Soil in the test plot is classified as a Plano silt loam. Treatments, Planting, and Experimental Design: Soybean trials for seed treatment and foliar insecticide residual activity against soybean aphid were conducted in field 592. The cultivar planted in the foliar trial was Northrup King NK S19-R5RR and it was planted on 6 May, 2005 at the rate of 225,000 seeds per acre. Three seed treatment trials (Syngenta, Bayer, and Valent) were planted on 16 May, 2006 and a second planting of the Valent seed treatments occurred on 3 June, 2006. The foliar trial was planted with a John Deere model 7100 4 row planter with 30 inch row spacing at a depth of 1 inch. The 2006 herbicide program included Dual II Magnum at 1.5 pt./A and Sencor at 0.33 lb./A applied pre emergence on 6 May, 2006. Replicate dimensions were 10 ft. (4 rows wide) by 50 feet long. Alley buffers were maintained between replications. Foliar insecticide efficacy trials were staked one day prior to foliar insecticide application and aphid counts were taken from these plots (see below), but the field was not designed to obtain small plot yield data at harvest and none were taken. Insecticidal seed treatment trials were planted with a John Deere model 7100 2 row cone planter with 30 inch row spacing at a depth of 1 inch. The 2006 herbicide program for all insecticide seed treatment trials included Dual II Magnum at 1.5 pt./A and Sencor at 0.33 lb./A applied pre emergence. Replicate dimensions were 10 ft. (4 rows wide) by 30 feet long. Alley buffers were maintained between replications. 1/Assistant Professor/Extension Specialist, Entomology Department, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. 2/Associate Researcher, Entomology Dept. University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. 3/ Outreach Program Manager, UW IPM Program, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706.

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a. Foliar Insecticide Trial (residual activity) The foliar insecticide trial, designed to evaluate residual activity as measured by aphid counts at successive intervals post treatment, included 32 treatments (6 pyrethroids, 3 nicotinoids, and 2 organophosphates) (Table 1) in a completely randomized block design with four replications per treatment. Plots were designated by stake markers 8 August 2006, one day prior to treatment when mean aphid counts had reached 51.35 aphids/plant. Each replicate was 10 ft wide by 50 ft long. Plots were sprayed 9 August 2006 with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer operating at 30 psi while delivering 26 gpa through 6 flat fan nozzles (TeeJet 8002VS) on a 10 foot boom. Aphid counts were taken 2, 7, and 19 days post treatment. Whole plant counts were taken on 10 randomly selected plants from the middle of each plot, and mean aphids per plot determined across sampling dates. No yields were taken from the plots. b. Nicotinoid Insecticidal Seed Treatment Trials Seed treatment trials were conducted in Field 506, with both aphid counts and yield data as response variables, and studies were designed to investigate how long systemic activity of seed treatments extends into the growing season from a given planting date. Syngenta Large Plot Demonstration Trial Three treatments were included:

1. Apron Max 6.25 GA/100Kg seed 2. CruiserMax 56.25 GA/100Kg seed 3. Apron Max 6.25 GA/100Kg seed

Warrior 1CS 3.25 fl oz/a

A Warrior application was made to treatment 3 on 3 August 2007. (Note: The Warrior application was intended to be made when aphid numbers exceeded 250 per plant in treatment 4 but numbers peaked below 250 per plant and were declining in the plots).

Bayer Seed Treatment Trial Seven treatments were included:

1. Untreated 2. Trilex 240F 5 GA/100Kg seed

+ Allegiance FL 4 GA/100Kg seed 3. Trilex 240F 5 GA/100Kg seed

+ Allegiance FL 4 GA/100Kg seed + Gaucho 600FS 62.5 GA/100Kg seed

4. Apron Maxx RFC 6.25 GA/100Kg seed + Cruiser 350FS 50 GA/100Kg seed

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5. Trilex 240F 5 GA/100Kg seed + Allegiance FL 4 GA/100Kg seed + Gaucho 600FS 62.5 GA/100Kg seed + Baythroid 2 35 GA/HA

6. Trilex 240F 5 GA/100Kg seed + Allegiance FL 4 GA/100Kg seed + Aeris seed applied system 124 GA/100Kg seed

7. Trilex 240F 5 GA/100Kg seed + Allegiance FL 4 GA/100Kg seed + Aeris seed applied system 186 GA/100Kg seed

A Baythroid application was not made to treatment 5. (Note: aphid numbers did not reach threshold levels in the study and Baythroid was not applied). To assess early through mid-season systemic activity of the seed treatments for soybean aphid, aphid counts were taken from each plot beginning on 15 June at initial aphid colonization and counts continuing at weekly intervals through 23 August, when untreated check plot populations were declining. Whole plant aphid counts were taken on 10 randomly selected plants from the middle two rows of each of the untreated plots. Mean aphids/plot was determined across sampling dates. Yield data was recorded at harvest. Statistical Analysis: Aphid count (foliar and seed treatment trials) and yield data (seed treatment trials) were subjected to analysis of variance using ARM 7 (Gylling Data Management, Inc. 2004) at α = 0.05, with treatment the classification variable and aphids/plot and yield (bu/A) as response variables. Means separation (Least Significant Difference Test) was used to rank response variables.

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Table 1. Efficacy trial for foliar insecticide residual activity against soybean aphid. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. 2007.

Mean aphids per 10 plants Treatment Rate (oz/a)

6 August 9 August 16 August

Untreated --- 1495.5 ab 3076.0 a 3336.3 a

Centrics 25WG 1.2 440.3 de 714.8 cd 282.0 de

Centrics 25WG 2.4 476.8 de 331.0 cde 489.5 cd

Centrics 25WG 3.2 324.5 e-h 129.5 def 109.0 ef

A13623 2.0 84.3 g-k 39.3 ef 42.3 f

A13623 2.75 47.3 ijk 38.3 ef 13.8 f

Lorsban 4E 12.0 35.3 k 54.8 ef 28.3 f

Lorsban 4E 16.0 44.3 jk 72.0 ef 23.5 f

Warrior 1CS 1.92 88.5 h-k 52.0 ef 35.5 f

Warrior 1CS 2.56 86.3 h-k 95.0 ef 36.8 f

Warrior 1CS 3.2 81.8 h-k 24.0 ef 27.5 f

Warrior 1CS 3.84 101.3 g-k 30.3 f 17.8 f

Mustang Max 0.8E 4.0 314.5 efg 107.5 def 87.3 ef Baythroid 1EC + Lorsban 4E 2.0 + 8.0 37.8 k 37.3 ef 28.3 f

Baythroid 1EC 2.8 256.8 e-h 158.5 def 102.0 ef

LSD (P=0.05) 7.49 12.19 8.94

Standard deviation 5.35 8.71 6.39

C.V. 39.86 68.38 60.35

F 11.92 7.467 11.362

Probability (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 (Continued)

Mean separation determined after data transformation (Square root (X + 1). df = 31, 127. Means within a column followed by a different letter are significantly different at P<0.05 and Least Significant Difference test (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management, Inc.).

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Table 1. (Continued). Efficacy trial for foliar insecticide residual activity against soybean aphid. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. 2007.

Mean aphids per 10 plants Treatment Rate (oz/a)

6 August 9 August 16 August

Orthene 97SP 1.0 lb./a 1790.3 a 1725 b 800 bc

Untreated --- 49.3 ijk 40.8 ef 19.3 f

F-6133 1.25EC 4.0 47.5 jk 27.5 ef 22.0 f

F-6133 1.25EC 5.0 262.8 e-j 90.5 ef 74.0 ef Trimax Pro 4.44SC + NIS

1.0 + 0.25% 249.3 e-h 106.8 def 69.3 ef

Trimax Pro 4.44SC + Baythroid 1EC

1.36 + 2.0 152.3 f-k 65.3 ef 63.0 ef

Ultor 2EC 2.0 373.3 def 677.8 c 158.3 def

Proaxis 0.5SC 3.2 76.8 h-k 35.8 ef 18.5 f Asana XL 0.66EC + Lorsban 4E

6.4 + 8.0 69.0 h-k 42.3 ef 12.8 f

Dimethoate 4E 16.0 122 g-k 197 def 65.5 ef

GF1846 13.0 18.8 k 37.3 ef 25.8 f

GF1846 27.0 32.5 k 19.5 f 31.8 f

LAF-1 17.0 38.8 k 53.3 ef 28.8 f

GF-2020 19.0 38.5 k 54.0 ef 25.8 f

LSD (P=0.05) 7.49 12.19 8.94

Standard deviation 5.35 8.71 6.39

C.V. 39.86 68.38 60.35

F 11.92 7.467 11.362

Probability (F) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 Mean separation determined after data transformation (Square root (X + 1). df = 31, 127. Means within a column followed by a different letter are significantly different at P<0.05 and Least Significant Difference test (ARM 7, Gylling Data Management, Inc.).

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Table 2. Syngenta Large Plot Demonstration Trial. Nicotinoid seed treatment trial on soybean for efficacy against soybean aphid. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. University of Wisconsin, 2007.

Mean aphids per 10 plants Treatment

Rate (g. a.i./100 kg seed) 15 Jun 21 Jun 28 Jun 3 Jul 11 Jul 20 Jul 25 Jul 31 Jul 10 Aug 16 Aug 23 Aug

Control --- 0.0 a 1.0 a 1.0 a 38.5 a 80.5 a 280.0 a 181.0 a 456.0 a 56.5 a 70.0 a 38.0 a

Cruiser Maxx 50 0.5 a 0.0 a 4.5 a 24.0 a 22.0 a 37.0 a 68.5 a 411.5 b 48.0 a 48.0 a 45.5 a

Warrior 1CS (foliar) 3.25 oz/a 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.5 a 36.0 a 64.0 a 155.5 a 254.0 a 453.0 a 17.5 b 42.5 a 44.5 a

LSD (P=0.05) 0.73 1.29 4.12 5.84 6.12 9.33 4.85 34.45 0.95 6.12 5.85

Standard deviation 0.17 0.3 0.96 1.36 1.42 2.17 1.13 8.01 0.22 1.42 1.36

C.V. 15.82 26.64 51.07 23.72 20.19 18.45 8.99 39.61 3.52 19.49 20.74

F 1.0 1.0 0.523 0.486 5.138 11.98 23.777 0.081 127.437 0.844 0.088

Probability (F) 0.5 0.5 0.6565 0.6728 0.1629 0.077 0.0404 0.9247 0.0078 0.5424 0.9194

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Table 3. Bayer Seed Treatment. Nicotinoid seed treatment trial on soybean for efficacy against soybean aphid. Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. University of Wisconsin, 2007.

Mean aphids per 10 plants Treatment

Rate (g. a.i./100 kg seed) 15 Jun 21 Jun 28 Jun 3 Jul 10 Jul 20 Jul 25 Jul 1 Aug 9 Aug 16 Aug

Untreated --- 0.0 a 16.8 a 14.5 a 11.5 c 55.8 a 119.3 a 134.3 ab 98.8 b 63.3 a 63.8 a

Trilex + Allegience 5 + 4 0.3 a 16.0 a 14.0 a 27.5 a 52.8 a 132.3 a 158.0 a 189.5 a 36.3 a 42.3 a

Trilex + Allegience + Gaucho 5 + 4 + 62.5 0.0 a 5.3 b 11.5 a 18.3 abc 10.5 b 49.8 bc 101 bc 97.3 b 45.0 a 52.3 a

Apron Maxx + Cruiser 6.25 + 50 0.0 a 5.5 b 16.5 a 23.8 ab 14.5 b 39.0 bc 40.0 e 89.0 b 50.5 a 32.0 a

Trilex + Allegience + Gaucho + Baythroid

5 + 4 + 62.5 0.0 a 6.0 b 16.3 a 18.5 abc 15.8 b 33.8 c 59.3 de 112.5 b 43.8 a 61.3 a

Trilex + Allegience + Aeris seed applied system

5 + 4 + 124 0.0 a 4.8 b 7.8 a 13.8 bc 16.5 b 28.0 c 48.8 e 71.8 b 30.5 a 38.3 a

Trilex + Allegience + Aeris seed applied system

5 + 4 + 186 0.0 a 5.8 b 9.3 a 13.3 c 22.5 b 71.5 b 90.8 cd 90.5 b 48.5 a 53.5 a

LSD (P=0.05) 0.12 1.46 1.04 1.24 2.02 2.26 2.18 2.45 2.21 2.18

Standard deviation 0.08 0.98 0.7 0.83 1.36 1.52 1.47 1.65 1.49 1.46

C.V. 7.71 34.21 20.58 19.57 27.66 19.43 15.99 16.23 22.34 21.22

F 1.000 2.826 1.779 2.823 6.307 10.744 10.133 4.441 0.889 1.337

Probability (F) 0.4552 0.0406 0.1602 0.0408 0.001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0063 0.5231 0.2918

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STATUS OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE INSENSITIVITY TO NEONICOTINOIDS IN WISCONSIN

Principal Investigators. Russell L. Groves, Entomology Extension Specialist, Department of Entomology, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-3229. Scott A. Chapman, Associate Research Specialist, Department of Entomology, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-9914. Cooperators. Ed Grafius and Adam Byrne, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Science, East Lansing, MI 48824. [email protected], [email protected]. Andy Merry, Independent Crop Consulting, N4137 County Road H, Antigo, WI 54409 [email protected] (715) 627-4630 Randy Van Haren, Pest Pros Inc., 10086 1st St, Plainfield, WI 54966 [email protected], http://www.pestprosinc.com (715) 335-4046. Abstract. This project is directed at further enhancing our present integrated pest management strategies for key insect pests in potato with a focus on determining the potential for widespread neonicotinyl resistance in populations of Colorado potato beetle while also providing practical guidance towards implementing an appropriate insecticide resistance management program. This project addresses knowledge gaps that must be filled if we are to devise sustainable management plans to address developing insensitivity among populations of Colorado potato beetle to the neonicotinoid class of insecticides. Continued increases in measured insensitivity to the neonicotinoid class insect control products could dramatically increase the cost of adult Colorado potato beetle control using foliar-based products exclusively. Complete loss of these compounds could result in significant losses on an area-wide basis which may threaten the viability of the potato production industry in the region. Project History. This is a project that has been supported by the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association and was initiated in the 2007 growing season. Objectives outlined in this research are directly related to the recent and widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insensitivity among populations of the Colorado potato beetle. Integrated pest management practices combined with effective resistance management planning will extend the functional life of this very important class of chemicals which remains the backbone in a sequence of reduced risk insecticides.

Background and Rationale. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, and colonizing aphid species remain as the major insect pests of potato in commercial as well as seed production in Wisconsin. If left unchecked, feeding by both the larvae and adults of the CPB alone will completely defoliate plants. Wisconsin potato growers have struggled to control this problematic insect pest throughout the history of potato production in the state and maintaining control of this insect remains at the forefront of our efforts to protect potato from damaging insect pests.

The Colorado potato beetle is truly one on a short list of “super” pests in commercial agriculture that includes, among others, the diamondback moth. The CPB has developed resistance to most insecticides and great care must be used when targeting this insect and making choices to select an appropriate material, or sequence of materials for its control. It is important to recognize that once you begin to

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http://www.pestprosinc.com/

observe reductions in the time interval over which a particular material works effectively against CPB or you must increase the rate to get adequate control, insensitivity (resistance) to that insecticide is likely present in the population. Because of the difficulty faced in controlling populations of CPB, future production and revenue increases in Wisconsin will remain challenged by these persist insect pest populations. Recurrent populations of these insect pests demand the development of efficient and effective integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies which out of necessity need to not only enhance environmental quality but also reduce risks in potato production systems.

Wisconsin potato growers rely heavily on neonicotinoid insecticides for the control of damaging populations of the Colorado potato beetle. Reported at-plant applications of soil-applied neonicotinoid insecticides have occurred on greater than 80% of all acres planted. The potential for resistance due to the frequent and now widespread use of these compounds has recently been investigated by our laboratory as well as cooperating scientists at Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

The development of insecticide resistance is one of the key factors which limit the range of available products for controlling insect pests in potato. In Wisconsin, localized resistance by Colorado potato beetle to some organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and organochlorines has resulted in sporadic control failures. Although this resistance is very discrete in its distribution, it stresses the need for continued vigilance in the management of insecticide resistance and strict adherence to IRM strategies which reduce the likelihood and onset of resistance development. Preliminary studies. Resistance monitoring among Wisconsin populations of CPB began with limited assays through the interval 2003-2005 in which no detectable increases in product insensitivity were observed. In 2005, notable increases in insensitivity to both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were observed in two populations in Michigan. Although the magnitude of estimated resistance levels was not suggestive of a total control failure, the emerging, widespread insensitivity to neonicotinoid compounds raises serious concerns. Recent topical bioassays performed on five adult populations collected from Wisconsin in 2006 revealed a single population with measurable insensitivity. Objectives.

1) Continue to assess the potential of Colorado potato beetle insensitivity to neonicotinyl insecticides among several populations in Wisconsin.

2) Develop and refine full-season, reduced-risk, IPM-based management programs for control of the Colorado potato beetle.

Experimental Approach and Preliminary Results. In 2007, the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association supported our laboratory to conduct a comprehensive, statewide survey of potential insensitivity to the neonicotinoids. A letter was sent out in 2007 to request University and Extension personnel, consultants, agrichemical representatives, and growers to identify and send in suspect populations for testing. The response received from the potato growing community was truly excellent. Requests were made of agricultural practitioners representing 1) potato seed production, 2) commercial potato production, 3) Certified Healthy Grown production, and 4) sites where CPB populations were showing some level of insensitivity. Furthermore, adult CPB were collected from a select number of sites (N=5) representing successive, within-season generations to compare changes in insensitivity between overwintered beetles and summer adults.

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Figure 1. Colorado potato beetle collection sites located throughout potato production areas of Wisconsin.

In the coming season, we will again continue this type of resistance monitoring on a statewide basis. Again next spring, we will plant small-plot, spring trap crops across selected experimental sites to attract overwintering adult CPB. Briefly, adult bioassays are performed by treatments with a topical application of technical grade insecticide dissolved in acetone, 30 beetles/dose, 5 doses causing between 0 and 100% mortality, plus 30 beetles treated only with acetone. Measured responses are assessed for selected, in-state populations and compared directly to a highly susceptible, reference control strain of CPB obtained from a laboratory colony in New Jersey. Mortality is assessed after 7 days and data analyzed using log-probit regression analysis. A highly susceptible CPB strain obtained from a New Jersey is used as a reference control. Up to 10 populations of adults will again be forwarded to cooperators at Michigan State University for confirmatory topical bioassays for direct comparison to reference control populations. Resistance ratios are computed by comparing the estimated LD50 values determined for each test population to the respective LD50 value of the New Jersey reference control strain (Resistance ratio = LC50(test) / LC50 (reference)). It is very important to note that estimated resistance ratios of susceptible (controllable) populations can vary as much as 20-fold from the reference control strain and still be controlled with the selected insecticide class.

In 2007, a total of 32 overwintered, CPB populations were assayed for imidacloprid sensitivity and an additional 3 populations of summer adult CPB populations were re-sampled for a total of 35 site/season samples (Table 1). These samples were distributed among 6 potato growing Counties in Wisconsin including Adams, Columbia, Langlade, Oconto, Portage, and Waushara Counties. It is important to note that sites were not selected at random across these areas. A portion of candidate populations evaluated in this survey were selected with the prior knowledge that some were difficult to control with neonicotinoid tools. A total of four populations were observed with estimated resistance ratios (LD50 test population / LD50 New Jersey reference population) exceeding 20-fold. Of these, a single population resulted in an estimated resistance ratio exceeding 40-fold. Again in 2008, we will reinstitute this survey to determine what, if any changes, have taken place to measure annual increases in neonicotinoid insensitivity on a per site basis.

Among the 32 individual populations sampled for imidacloprid insensitivity, 10 CPB populations were collected from sites previously certified as grown under ‘Healthy Grown’ standards (Table 1). The Wisconsin Eco-Potato Collaboration between the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association, the World Wildlife Fund, and the University of Wisconsin has developed the standards for ‘Healthy Grown’ production. This collaboration has taken a leadership role in the promotion and support of research to encourage the adoption of pest management alternatives to minimize the reliance on high-risk pesticides and incorporate safer and

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Figure 2. Estimated LD50 values among 10 CPB populations grown on certified, ‘Healthy Grown’ (HG) acreage versus 22 locations representing conventionally (CV) grown potato production.

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more selective pest control products which have less adverse environmental impacts. The goals of the collaboration have also been directly focused on the deployment of pesticide (insecticide) resistance management strategies to limit the onset of insensitivity within CPB populations. In general, the mean LD50’s of populations collected from these locales averaged 0.187 µg imidacloprid / beetle compared to populations collected from conventionally grown fields, predominantly in the Central Sands production area, which averaged 0.387 µg imidacloprid / beetle resulting in a 2-fold reduction in measured insensitivity (Fig. 2).

Furthermore, a total of 9 CPB populations were collected from areas in northern Wisconsin in the proximity of potato seed production areas. Of these sites, only a single CPB population was collected from seed production acres with an estimated LD50 of 0.050 µg imidacloprid / beetle and an associated resistance ratio of 1.6. Among the remaining 8 populations collected in northern Wisconsin, the mean estimated LD50 was computed to be 0.204 µg imidacloprid / beetle; again a nearly 2-fold reduction in estimated insensitivity compared with conventionally grown acres in the Central Sands production region of central Wisconsin.

Table 1. Estimated LD50 values (µg/beetle), 95% fiducial limits, and calculated resistance ratios for adult Colorado potato beetle populations collected and assayed in Wisconsin.

County

Site ID

CPB Managment1

(P<0.0001) (α=0.05)

Estimated slope (± SE)

LD50 (± 95% CL)

Resistance Ratio2

Adams A CV (P=0.0124) 6.1% ± 3.9 0.339 (0.160 – 0.479) 0.339 / 0.031 (10.9) B CV (P=0.0338) 5.8% ± 4.6 0.430 (0.348 – 0.532) 0.430 / 0.031 (13.9) C CV (P=0.0085) 8.2% ± 2.8 0.256 (0.123 – 0.367) 0.256 / 0.031 (8.3) D CV (P=0.0631) 4.9% ± 3.2 0.260 (0.181 – 0.326) 0.260 / 0.031 (8.4) E HG (P=0.0832) 9.9% ± 4.2 0.035 (0.029 – 0.041) 0.035 / 0.031 (1.1) F CV (P=0.0763) 3.9% ± 2.7 0.291 (0.222 – 0.355) 0.291 / 0.031 (9.4) G CV (P=0.0112) 11.9% ± 4.1 0.631 (0.479 – 0.786) 0.631 / 0.031 (20.4) Columbia H CV (P=0.0422) 11.1% ± 3.7 0.035 (0.019 – 0.053) 0.035 / 0.031 (0.9) Langlade I CV (P=0.0481) 12.4% ± 3.9 0.050 (0.044 – 0.056) 0.050 / 0.031 (1.6) J CV (P=0.0058) 8.8% ± 2.6 0.025 (0.020 – 0.031) 0.025 / 0.031 (0.8) K CV (P=0.0175) 10.2% ± 3.3 0.075 (0.062 – 0.100) 0.075 / 0.031 (2.4) L CV (P=0.0809) 6.2% ± 4.9 0.550 (0.363 – 0.908) 0.550 / 0.031 (17.8) M CV (P=0.0533) 8.2% ± 3.3 0.543 (0.449 – 0.656) 0.543 / 0.031 (17.5) N CV (P=0.0092) 13.7% ± 5.2 0.015 (0.010 – 0.019) 0.015 / 0.031 (0.5) O CV (P=0.0066) 10.2% ± 2.9 0.049 (0.041 – 0.057) 0.049 / 0.031 (1.6) P CV (P=0.0238) 9.9% ± 3.5 0.050 (0.041 – 0.060) 0.050 / 0.031 (1.6) Oconto Q CV (P=0.7902) 12.7% ± 6.2 0.027 (0.039 – 0.022) 0.027 / 0.031 (0.9) Portage R HG (P=0.0143) 9.0% ± 2.4 0.041 (0.019 – 0.103) 0.041 / 0.031 (1.3) S HG (P=0.0077) 12.2% ± 4.2 0.293 (0.217 – 0.360) 0.293 / 0.031 (9.5) T HG (P=0.0517) 7.1% ± 3.9 0.072 (0.020 – 0.116) 0.072 / 0.031 (2.3) U HG (P=0.0789) 4.9% ± 2.1 0.250 (0.089 – 0.418) 0.250 / 0.031 (8.1) V HG (P=0.0336) 11.6% ± 4.3 0.323 (0.191 – 0.445) 0.323 / 0.031 (10.4) W HG (P=0.0098) 10.7% ± 3.9 0.179 (0.134 – 0.222) 0.179 / 0.031 (5.8) X HG (P=0.0237) 9.9% ± 2.1 0.661 (0.412 – 0.890) 0.661 / 0.031 (21.3) Waushara Y CV (P=0.0085) 9.2% ± 2.8 0.504 (0.345 – 0.655) 0.504 / 0.031 (16.3) Z CV (P=0.0231) 11.9% ± 3.2 0.735 (0.433 – 0.988) 0.735 / 0.031 (23.7) AA CV (P=0.0069) 6.9% ± 4.3 0.455 (0.159 – 0.644) 0.455 / 0.031 (14.7) AB HG (P=0.0109) 8.2% ± 3.3 0.455 (0.271 – 0.608) 0.455 / 0.031 (14.7) AC CV (P=0.0045) 12.2% ± 4.0 0.448 (0.328 – 0.594) 0.448 / 0.031 (14.5) AD CV (P=0.0109) 8.2% ± 3.3 0.280 (0.191 – 0.360) 0.280 / 0.031 (9.0) AE CV (P=0.0482) 5.2% ± 3.9 0.454 (0.104 – 0.889) 0.454 / 0.031 (14.6) AF CV (P=0.0749) 8.2% ± 3.3 0.380 (0.059 – 0.719) 0.380 / 0.031 (12.3) AG CV (P=0.1013) 7.3% ± 2.9 0.184 (0.130 – 0.307) 0.184 / 0.031 (5.9) AH HG (P=0.0278) 10.2% ± 3.3 1.331 (0.902 – 3.190) 1.331 / 0.031 (42.9) AI CV (P=0.0341) 7.7% ± 2.9 0.521 (0.407 – 0.667) 0.521 / 0.031 (16.8)

1 Potato management categorized as either conventionally grown (CV) or qualifying as certified under ‘Healthy Grown’ (HG) standards. 2 Resistance ratio estimates calculated against a New Jersey reference control strain of Colorado potato beetle adults (LD50 = 0.031).

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Finally, the rates of insensitivity or developing resistance, measured among the 32 populations examined in this study are not equal (Table 2.). Estimated slopes of transformed probit-lines vary considerably among test populations of CPB suggesting that the allelic frequencies for resistance are in transition and not fixed in all populations at a consistent rate. Resistance develops over time in a pest population as a result of successive external population stressors (e.g. insecticide application(s)) resulting in a physiological or behavioral adaptation that can be passed to subsequent generations. Pest management practitioners then continue to select for these individuals in the population when they fail to discontinue the use same insecticide or materials with very similar modes of action.

Insecticide Resistance Management Guidelines.

I. Problem Identification: If you suspect resistance, first eliminate other possible causes. In many instances, lack of control can be attributed to application error, equipment failure, or less-than-optimal environmental conditions. If these possibilities have been ruled out, work with local agricultural advisors and the manufacturer to confirm actual resistance to the compound applied. In the event of a control failure due to resistance, do not repeat the application with an insecticide of the same chemical class and consult a pest control advisor or area extension specialist for up-to-date recommendations and advice on IPM and IRM options. II. Product Rotation: Avoid the consecutive use of a single product, or multiple products with similar modes of action. To assist farmers, growers, advisors, extension staff, consultants and crop protection professionals, the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) has developed and updates a Mode of Action (MoA) classification system with a guide to the selection of insecticides or acaricides in an effective and sustainable insecticide or acaricide resistance management (IRM) strategy (Table 1). This program was the direct result of the EPA’s voluntary pesticide labeling proposal (2001) for all registered insecticides to include the MoA in a particular numbered group. To implement an effective IRM program, growers can consult this information and select a sequence of insecticides that represent different groups wit unique MoA’s. III. Cultural Control(s): Where possible, consider selecting early-maturing or pest-tolerant varieties of crop plants. Adopt all non-chemical techniques known to control or suppress pest populations, including crop rotation in particular for managing resistance with the Colorado potato beetle. Specifically, potato crops should be rotated > 400 m (¼ mile) away from a previous potato crop. It has been well documented that overwintering adult Colorado potato beetles disperse only short distances after emergence from the soil. IV. Preserve Natural Control(s): Where possible, select insecticides and other pest management tools which preserve beneficial insects. Natural mortality factors other than insecticides can significantly delay the onset and development of resistance. The use of selective insecticides (e.g. spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis) and the selective, well-timed use of low-dose strategies are feasible for specific pest targets. V. Pest Surveillance and Scouting: Monitor the pest population during the growing season. Regularly monitor fields to identify pests and natural enemies, estimate insect populations and track stage of development. Insecticides and acaricides generally should be used only if insect counts exceed action thresholds or the point where economic losses exceed the costs of insecticide plus application. Time applications against the most susceptible life stages to gain maximum benefit from the product. Where larval stages are being controlled, target younger larval instars where possible because these are usually much more susceptible and therefore much more effectively controlled by insecticides than older stages VI. Rates and Spray Intervals: Use insecticides at labeled rates and follow prescribed spray intervals. Do not reduce or increase rates from manufacturer recommendations as this can hasten resistance development. Use products at their full, recommended doses. Reduced (sub-lethal) doses quickly select

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populations with average levels of tolerance, whereas doses that are too high may impose excessive selection pressures. VII. Product Application: Appropriate, well-maintained equipment should be used to apply insecticides. Recommended water volumes, spray pressures and optimal temperatures should be used to obtain optimal coverage. Sprayer nozzles should be checked for blockage and wear, and be able to handle pressure adequate for good coverage. Spray equipment should be properly calibrated and checked on a regular basis. Use application volumes and techniques recommended by the manufacturers and local advisors. VIII. Tank Mixes: Mixtures may offer a short-term solution to resistance problems, but it is essential to ensure that each component of a mixture belongs to a different insecticide mode of action class, and that each component is used at its full rate. Under certain circumstances, tank mix different chemicals for improved or broader spectrum pest control. It is equally crucial that compounds should persist on the crop or surface for similar periods in order to expose insects to both modes of action for the same length of time. Use of multiple products of the same mode of action in the spray tank will do little more than using an increased rate of a single compound of the same chemical class.

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Title. Mint bud mite management in Wisconsin peppermint production. Principal Investigator (s) Russell L. Groves, Entomology Extension Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-3229. Scott Chapman, Associate Research Specialist, 537 Russell Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 [email protected] (608) 262-9914. Project History. This was a new, 1 year proposal completed during the (2007-08) growing season. Objectives outlined in this research are directly related to the recent and problematic occurrence of the mint bud mite in Wisconsin peppermint production. Background and Rationale. Effective, economical, and efficient long term management of mint bud mite continues to be a challenge in the production of mint. In addition to effective crop rotation, bud mites are managed almost exclusively using acaricides. Some acaricides used for control perform adequately, while others perform poorly. Several reasons to explain poor performance include a weak active ingredient, a short residual activity, an application made too late, inadequate application coverage, or a resistant population. Wisconsin mint growers, unlike mint producers in other portions of the US, have a limited number of acaricide management tools for use in controlling mint bud mites. Currently, propargite (Comite® / Omite®) and more recently fenpyroximate (Fujimite) are the only registered acaricides for use in Wisconsin against mint bud mite. Some insensitivity of mint bud mite to propargite combined with concerns regarding environmental persistence, cost, and its listing as a B2 carcinogen make this an increasingly non-viable control option Spiromesifen (Oberon®) is a new, potential acaricide currently under review with the Federal IR-4 Program which may soon receive a 3C registration for use on mint in Wisconsin. Bifenazate (Acramite® 4SC) is another product which may prove to be an effective control option under optimized spray conditions. The use of these new tools has not been well defined in Wisconsin production systems. The goal of this research will be to refine the use of Fujimite, Oberon, and Acramite and compare the effectiveness of these options with the reference control standard, Comite. Experimental Site: Mint Land Farms, Jeff and Dave Fisher, Jefferson, Wisconsin. Project Objective: To evaluate various registered and new foliar applied acaricides (N=4) targeting 1) emerging, over-wintered populations of mint bud mite and, 2) bud mite populations which have exceeded established, treatment thresholds. Experimental Design: A total of 13 treatments were arranged in a randomized, stripped-block design with 2 acaricide application intervals (emergence & threshold) combined with 7 foliar acaricide treatments replicated 4 times resulting in a total of 52 experimental plots on Mentha piperita ‘peppermint’. Experimental plots were constructed as 20 X 6 ft (0.003 ac) plots with a 5 ft buffer surrounding each plot.

I. Shoot emergence:1) UTC 2) Standard (Comite EC) 2 2.5 pints/ac 3) fenpyroximate (Fujimite 5EC) 2 2.0 pints/ac 4) spiromesifen (Oberon 4SC) 2 2.85 fl oz./ac 5) (Oberon 4SC) 2 4.25 fl oz./ac 6) bifenazate (Acramite 4SC) 2 12.0 fl oz./ac 7) (Acramite 4SC) 2 24.0 fl oz./ac

II. At-Threshold:8) Standard (Comite II EC) 2 2.5 pints/ac 9) fenpyroximate (Fujimite 5EC) 2 2.0 pints/ac 10) spiromesifen (Oberon 4SC) 2 2.85 fl oz./ac 11) (Oberon 4SC) 2 4.25 fl oz./ac 12) bifenazate (Acramite 4SC) 2 12.0 fl oz./ac 13) (Acramite 4SC) 2 24.0 fl oz./ac

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Treatment Evaluations: Foliar acaricides were applied at emergence and at threshold using a CO2 pressurized, backpack sprayer with a 6’ boom operating at 30 psi delivering 60 gpa through 4 flat-fan nozzles (8004VS-XR) spaced 18” apart. Mint bud mite populations were surveyed weekly by counting all mobile lifestages (larvae & adults) on 10 buds of 10 plants randomly selected from the center of each experimental plot. Plots were initially sprayed on 14 May when plants had reached nearly 100% emergence from the soil and an additional application was applied 7 days later on 21 May. An additional set of applications were made on 15 June and again one week later on 22 June when bud mite populations had exceeded the established threshold of 10 mobile lifestages per bud. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by recording the number of larvae and adults from 10 randomly selected buds per plot. The combined number of larvae and adults per plot was recorded 7, 14, and 21 days after each application. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, with mean separation by Fisher’s protected LSD at P <0.05. Bud mite count data were transformed using a log

10 (x + 1) function before analysis, but untransformed means are presented.

Efficacy of New Products: Mint bud mite infestations exceeded established action thresholds (10 lifestages / bud) in the experimental control plots and reached damaging levels by early July when warmer temperatures were favorable for population development (Fig. 1.). Most treatments reduced bud mite densities compared with the control throughout the trial, with some exceptions being less residual activity of the Comite applications plus the Acramite 4SC (Table 1). This was likely due to shorter residual activity of these compounds of those in the lower rate range. The most effective insecticides for reducing mint bud mite densities included the Fujimite, Oberon (at the 4.25 oz/acre rate), and Acramite (at the 24.0 fl oz/acre rate) (Table 1). Although the early-season treatment applications reduced bud mite densities over several dates, the level of reduction was perhaps insufficient to maintain populations below damaging levels reached in early July when mint yields can be adversely affected. For products that have good activity against mint bud mite, but have a relatively short residual activity (less than 6 to 7 days), we will likely recommend two sequential applications of the product spaced 1 week apart once populations have reached or exceeded threshold. Although early season treatments significantly reduced mite populations, the rational for recommending the treatments at threshold is due to label use rates restrictions which effectively prevent the use of materials in greater than 2, successive applications.

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Figure 1. Seasonal abundance of mint bud (adult & larvae) mite collected from untreated control plots, Jefferson, WI 2007.

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Table 1. Efficacy of treatments for controlling mint bud mite in peppermint near Jefferson, WI in 2007. Products not labeled for mint in WI in 2007 have an ‘*’.

Mean number of mint bud mites/bud1

Treatment Rate May 21 May 29 June 8 22 June 29 June 6 July

Untreated - 3.4 a 9.3 a 9.8 a 12.7 a 19.4 a 24.7 a

Comite EC 2.5 pt/A 1.2 bc 0.9 c 3.6 c 9.4 ab 11.5 ab 18.1 ab

Fujimite 5EC 2.0 pt/A 0.8 c 1.1 c 5.3 b 4.1 c 8.2 ab 12.3 b

Oberon 4SC* 2.85 oz/A 2.1 ab 2.2 bc 4.4 bc 7.6 bc 11.7 ab 14.1 b

Oberon 4SC* 4.25 oz/A 1.7 ab 3.3 b 3.6 c 6.4 bc 9.7 b 16.2 b

Acramite 4SC* 12.0 oz/A 1.8 ab 1.4 c 6.3 ab 11.0 ab 13.3 ab 14.5 b

Acramite 4SC* 24.0 oz/A 2.3 ab 2.5 bc 4.0 bc 6.7 bc 9.4 b 15.5 b

Comite EC 2.5 pt/A - - - 4.8 c 6.9 bc 7.7 bc

Fujimite 5EC 2.0 pt/A - - - 1.6 d 2.2 d 4.5 c

Oberon 4SC* 2.85 oz/A - - - 2.9 de 3.6 cd 10.3 bc

Oberon 4SC* 4.25 oz/A - - - 2.2 d 5.8 c 3.2 c

Acramite 4SC* 12.0 oz/A - - - 3.9 c 6.7 bc 12.2 b

Acramite 4SC* 24.0 oz/A - - - 2.0 cd 4.2 cd 6.6 bc 1 Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05; Fisher’s Protected LSD; n = 4).

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