Wireless Past, Present and Future.
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Transcript of Wireless Past, Present and Future.
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Wireless Past, Present and Future.
University of AucklandRobert Beattie
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Campus Environment
We are a small town in the Auckland area.
4,000 plus staff.
30,000 plus students.
4 main campus sites
300 plus building and structures.
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Infrastructure
Telecommunications
HVAC
Water
Sewage
Power
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TelecommunicationsThe University of Auckland has a history of investment
in infrastructure technology.
VM (virtual machines)
EVF (virtual firewalls)
Metro Area Networks.(10Gb)
Wired Networks.
Wireless Networks.
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Wireless is not new
Telemetry.
Point to Point links.
Wireless access points.
Special projects.
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Why is Wireless so popular? Freedom
New way to deliver information
Students
Faculties
New devices are wireless capable.
Potential cost savings
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Over the past few years Explosion in Wireless equipment.
Seen as new by the general public
User awareness of wireless.
AD HOC installations.
No Security.
Chaos
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Bringing order to chaos Working group
Technology choice
We chose thick AP
Web site
User, client documentation
Standards and Security
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Where we installed Wireless Common areas
Library
Lecture theatres
Meeting rooms
Office areas
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Lessons learned from the project Client set up is not user friendly.
Issues with end user devices.
Network Access Points (AP) are easy to steal.
Communication with the community is vital.
Wireless is largely about where we put the Access Points and how we physically secure them.
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Lessons learned from the project
Limited channel capacity.
Bandwidth will be a challenge. Manual site survey and deployment are labour
intensive.
Need to cost effectively increase AP density and find a way to load balance traffic.
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User feedback General satisfaction with the system
They want more
No issues with throughput
Too expensive
Connecting to network could be improved.
Easy access for guests needed.
Some lectures believe it is disruptive technology.
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Users want some changes Implement a guest system.
More throughput
More coverage
Make it all free
Ease of use for authentication and encryption
Self service model
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When planning to deploy Wireless ensure that you know How much bandwidth is available.
How secure is wireless
Who are the users
What equipment is needed
How you will manage the Wireless System
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Radio Spectrum
o Radio Spectrum is a limited resource.
Microwave band
ISM Band2.4Ghz
UNNI Band5.8Ghz
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Current Wireless Standards 802.11b (2.4Ghz).
Highly prevalent (Most laptops used to ship with a b card)
Many devices operate in this spectrum Approximately 6-7 Mbps throughput.
802.11g (2.4Ghz). Highly prevalent (Most Laptops now ship with a G
card) Many devices operate in this spectrum Approximately 22-27 Mbps throughput, but default to b
if a legacy 802.11b client associates.
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Emerging Wireless Standards 802.11a (5.8Ghz).
Less prevalent (A cards usually have to be selected) Less crowded air space, higher number of clear channels Approximately 22-27 Mbps throughput.
802.11n Not a ratified standard. Proprietary solutions predominate Promises longer range, and higher data rates (480 Mbps of
throughput) Not always a reality
802.16 “WiMAX” Very new technology Designed for “last mile” access. Has no support for “Roaming” at this point. In draft form.
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How secure is Wirelesso Security
o Rotating 128bit WEP keys with TKIP and LEAP/EAP.o Wireless network has its own VLAN
o Authentication o 802.1x for authorisation.o LDAP for access to Net Account
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Securing your Wireless What is your goal with security?
Keep non-university users off the network Prevent users from seeing each others traffic Prevent users connecting to each other over wireless. Access control on a user basis Keep viruses off the network
The answers to those questions determine what type of security you should implement
The more security you implement, the more steps you require your users to follow, the less user friendly more it becomes
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Who are the users
Students Staff
Guests
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Traffic PlanningLow traffic Many usersCoverage based
Heavy traffic Few usersTraffic Based
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Wireless Architectures
Blanket coverageUsing large gain APs or
Multi-radios AP’s to cover spaces
Thin AP’sEach AP connects “Physically or logically” to a central controller. The controller manages the APs
as a complete group.
Thick AP’sEach AP is a complete
autonomous unit. It operates and is managed individually
Present
Under development
Future
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An example
Average throughput of a 802.11g AP is 22-27Mbps.
Average Class size is 30 Students
Assuming every student is downloading a file at the same time, it works out to about +/-1Mbps per student.
So you would deploy 1 AP for this classroom.
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Site Survey Site Surveys are essential for any well planned
deployment.
Software can be purchased that will perform a “theoretical” survey. However, software does not provide all the answers.
Time spent in undertaking a physical survey is time you don’t have to spend diagnosing problems.
“ Get it right the first time”
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Installation Wireless AP are attractive items
Discrete installs
External aerials
Aesthetics
Accessibility
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Centralised Technical ManagementFor successful wireless systems you must…….
Centrally manage the technology platform
Security
Coverage
Forward provisioning
Manage the air space
Proactively management of the network
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Decentralised Service ManagementFor successful wireless systems you must enable the user to
manage the service layer.
Self service
Enable the faculties
Enable conference organisers
Visiting guests
Meeting rooms
Contractors
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Wireless VisionProvide wireless access with simple plug &
play capabilities that require no laptop or device re-configuration and no IT skills or resources to establish the connection.
“Its got to be easy to use”
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Central controller
Enterprise Network
DMZ
Wired Guest
WiredEmployee
Wireless Guest
Wireless Employee
Internet
Wireless ArchitectureThanks to Cisco Systems
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Guest client connection process
Central controller
Wired or WirelessNetwork Internet,
E-mail, VPN, etc.
1. Guest starts web browser
2. Controller redirects to self service portal screen
3. User enters choice and authentication information
4. controller authorizes the user, establishes connection, and accounts for usage
5. End user free to browse the Internet, E-mail, VPN, etc.
Self Service“Just click on the services you want”
• Access Codes• RADIUS• Prepaid• Credit Card• Hostel PMS
Thanks to Cisco Systems
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Eduroam
o International Education inter-institutional roaming.
o A guest access mechanism.
o Allows visitors to use their own credentials to access agreed services from your network.
o In the process of being configured.
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Challengeso Predictable wireless performance.
o Cost effective deployment model
o Robust multilayered security
o Technology churn.
o Can the existing investment grow to meet future service demands?
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Future trends New technology will replace or supplement current 802.11
types.
There will be many more highly portable device types on the campus, possibly in the thousands
Some areas will be totally wireless.
There will be wireless telephones in use.
Roaming will be important.
The PABX, WLAN and Mobile Networks will converge.
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The end