Page 1 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Wireless Networking Trends – Architectures, Protocols & optimizations for future networking scenarios

H. Fathi, J. Figueiras, F. Fitzek, T. Madsen, R. Olsen, P. Popovski, HP Schwefel

• Session 1 Network Evolution & Mobility Support (HPS)

• Session 2 Ad-hoc networking (TKM/FF)

• Session 3 Enabling technologies for ad-hoc NWs (TKM/FF)

• Session 4 Wireless Sensor Networks (PP)

• Session 5 Performance aspects & optimizations (HF/TKM)

• Session 6 Context-sensitive Networking (RLO/JF)

Note: Slide-set contains more material than covered in the lecture!

Page 2 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Wired / Wireless network Computer/Communication

Convergence is the key challenge

Page 3 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

A ntennas &

Propagation

Patrick Eggers

Center for Teleinfrastructure (CTIF) Director: Ramjee Prasad,

Co-directors: Ole Brun Madsen and Peter Koch

C ellular

System s

Preben Mogensen

D igital

C om

m unications

Bernard Fleury

R F Integrated

System s and

C ircuits

Torben Larsen

W ireless

N etw

orks &

Em bedded

System s

Ramjee Prasad

Speech and M

ultim edia

C om

m unications

Børge Lindberg

W ireless

Perspective

Bent Dalum

A alborg U

niversity SPA

C E C

enter

Jens F.D. Nielsen

C enter for

N etw

ork Planning

Ole Brun Madsen

W ireless

C om

puting and Security

Henrik Larsen

Page 4 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

WING: Research projects (selection) Selected research projects with relevance for this course/course lecturers • Center for Network and Service Convergence – CNTK

– Danish Research Council, with local industry partners – Real-time service provisioning, traffic & performance modeling, network optimization – WING Researchers: Hanane Fathi, Tatiana K. Madsen

• Wireless Access Networks, Devices, and Applications – WANDA – Danish Research Council, with local industry partners – Localization & location-based network optimization – WING Researchers: Joao Figueiras

• My Adaptive Global NETwork – MAGNET – EU funded, with 36 European partners – Personal Networks, context-sensitive networking – WING Researchers: Rasmus Olsen (and more)

• HIghly DEpendable ip-based NETworks and Services – HIDENETS – EU funded, with 9 European partners – End-to-end dependability solutions for car-to-car communication with infrastructure service

access And many more ...

Page 5 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Content 1. Introduction/Motivation

• Cellular Concepts, Layering Models 2. Cellular Network Evolution

• GSM, GPRS, UMTS: Architecture, air interface, and protocols

• IP connectivity and IP transport 3. IP-based multimedia subsystem (IMS)

• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) • IMS architecture • Cross-Layer Aspects: Quality of Service and

Security 4. Mobility support mechanisms

• L2 mobility support, Network Layer (MIP) • Transport Layer Mobility, Session Layer

Mobility (SIP) • Intermediate (L3.5 solution): Host Identity

Protocol (HIP) • Mobility support on which layer?

5. Summary and outlook • Personal Area Networks and

Personal Networks • Heterogeneous access

networks

Page 6 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Intro: Cellular systems

• Geographic region subdivided in radio cells

• Base Station provides radio connectivity to Mobile Station within cell

• Handover to neighbouring base station when necessary

• Base Stations connected by some networking infrastructure

Page 7 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Extended layered communication model • Ultimate goal of (wireless)

service provisioning: user satisfaction

• Focus in this course: network aspects, i.e. Layers 2-5

Functionalities, that are difficult to assign to single layers:

• Mobility support • Quality of service support • Security (authentication, etc.) • Dependability/Resilience ... More later in this session

L3: Network Layer: IP

L2: MAC/LLC

L4: Transport: TCP, UDP, RTP/UDP

Application

(L5) Session Control, e.g. SIP Middleware

User Interface

User

L1: PHYS

User Environment

N etw

ork Q oS

A pplication Q

oS

U ser perceived Q

oS

Page 8 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Wireless Communication Technologies

20 155

Indoor

Pedestrian

High Speed Vehicular

Rural

Mobility & Range

Personal Area

Vehicular Urban

0.5 2

UMTS

G SM

DECT

Fixed urban

Total data rate per cell 10

WLAN/ BRAN

B-PANWPANBluetooth

1000 Mb/s

Different Requirements on Wireless Communication: •Range, Mobility Support

•Throughput (interference/medium sharing), availability/reliability, QoS support

•Scalability/Number of Nodes

•Power consumption

•Cost, simplicity

•Voice / data support

•Security

Page 9 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Cellular systems: technologies & subscribers

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 year

Su bs

cr ib

er s

[m ill

io n] GSM total

TDMA total CDMA total PDC total Analogue total Total wireless Prediction (1998)

Page 10 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

Content 1. Introduction/Motivation

• Cellular Concepts, Layering Models 2. Cellular Network Evolution

• GSM, GPRS, UMTS: Architecture, air interface, and protocols

• IP connectivity and IP transport 3. IP-based multimedia subsystem (IMS)

• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) • IMS architecture • Cross-Layer Aspects: Quality of Service and

Security 4. Mobility support mechanisms

• L2 mobility support, Network Layer (MIP) • Transport Layer Mobility, Session Layer

Mobility (SIP) • Intermediate (L3.5 solution): Host Identity

Protocol (HIP) • Mobility support on which layer?

5. Summary and outlook • Personal Area Networks and

Personal Networks • Heterogeneous access

networks

Page 11 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication

• 2nd Generation of Mobile Telephony Networks • 1982: Groupe Spèciale Mobile (GSM) founded • 1987: First Standards defined • 1991: Global System for Mobile Communication,

Standardisation by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standardisation Institute) - First European Standard

• 1995: Fully in Operation

• Deployed in more than 184 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, America)

• more than 747 million subscribers • more than 70% of all digital mobile phones use GSM • over 10 billion SMS per month in Germany, > 360 billion/year

worldwide

History:

Today:

Page 12 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

GSM – Architecture

Components: • BTS: Base Transceiver Station • BSC: Base Station Controller • MSC: Mobile Switching Center • HLR/VLR: Home/Visitor Location

Register • AuC: Authentication Center • EIR: Equipment Identity Register • OMC: Operation and

Maintenance Center

Transmission: • Circuit switched transfer • Radio link capacity: 9.6 kb/s

(FDMA/TDMA) • Duration based charging

BSC

BSC

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

MS

MS

MSC

HLR

VLR

OMC

EIR

AuC

O

Abis AUm

Radio Link

Base Station Subsystem

Network and Switchung Subsystem

Operation Subsystem

Connection to ISDN, PDN PSTN

Radio Subsystem (RSS)

Page 13 Hans Peter SchwefelLife-long learning, Aalborg University, Aug. 2005

GSM Services ‘Traditional’ voice services

– voice telephony primary goal of GSM was to enable mobile telephony offering the traditional bandwidth of 3.1 kHz

– emergency number common number throughout Europe (112); mandatory for all service providers; free of charge; connection with the highest priority (preemption of other connections possible)

– Multi-numbering several ISDN phone numbers per user possible

– voice mailbox (implemented in the fixed network supporting the mobile terminals) – Supplementary services, e.g.: identification, call forwarding, number suppression,

conferencing

‘Non-Voice’ Services (examples) • Fax Transmissions • electronic ma