Wireless Networking for the Smart Grid
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Transcript of Wireless Networking for the Smart Grid
© 2011 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Wireless Networking for the Smart GridNarasimha ChariChief Technology Officer
© 2011 Tropos Networks, Inc. | Page 2
• Technology and products company
• Outdoor mesh routers and network management software
• 800+ customers in 50 countries
• 40+ patents• Founded in 2000• Headquarters in
Sunnyvale, CA
About Tropos
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Smart Grid requires broadband communications
Automated Metering
Power Quality and Planning
Renewable Integration
SMART GRID
Demand Response
Distribution Automation and Control
Outage Management
Field Data Applications
PHEV Management
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Other applications representing higher traffic include:• Substation Video• PHEV Station• Mobile GIS• AVL …and more in the future
Smart Grid bandwidth needs growing
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Tiered view of Smart Grid communications
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Tropos architecture components
• Wireless IP Mesh Routers
• PTMP and PTP Radio Systems
• Centralized Wireless Network Management
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GridCom: Distribution-Area Network
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Distribution Area Network requirements
• Availability• Survivability• Coverage• Performance: Bandwidth & latency• QoS• Security• Manageability• Interoperability
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Reliability challenges at utility-scale• Very large service territories• Mix of urban, suburban and rural areas• Diverse application mix with different requirements • Stringent requirements
– Mission-critical apps need very high availability networks (4 or 5 9's)
– Need for highly survivable networks to aid in service restoration following outages
– Sub-cycle latencies (<20ms) for DA• Most utilities do not own licensed spectrum
• Wireless is hard
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Techniques for high-reliability wireless
• Hardware– High-performance radios– Ruggedized outdoor-optimized hardware– Backup power options– MIMO techniques
• Architecture– Resilient mesh architecture (path and route diversity)– Opportunistic use of multiple bands (frequency band diversity) – Distributed channel coordination (channel diversity)– Combination of mesh and PTMP topologies– Fault detection and isolation
• Cognitive radio techniques– Adaptive modulation– Transmit power control– Adaptive noise immunity
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High Reliability Mesh Routers
• Reliable• Self organizing fully redundant mesh• >99.99% system availability• -40ºC to 55ºC operating range• IP67 weather tight (NEMA 6+)• Available battery backup• IEEE 1613 compliant
• Secure• Multi-layer security – 802.1x, IPSec, AES• FIPS 140-2 certified
• Manageable• Monitoring, configuration, upgrades, fault
management, security• Multiple Applications
• High bandwidth: up to 15Mbps• Low latency: 3-5ms per hop• Application QoS: 802.11e, 802.1p, VLANs
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Mesh architecture
Tropos mesh software leverages redundant paths, channels, frequencies, and backhaul locations to create the most robust network possible
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Cognitive Radio Techniques for High Reliability
• Mesh architecture: inherently capable of routing around interference through leveraging path diversity
• Multi-band radio technologies can efficiently and adaptively exploit multiple frequency bands, with failover and load-balancing between them (e.g., dual-mode 2.4/5 GHz)
• Dynamic frequency selection: ability to detect interference or elevated noise levels and dynamically switch channels
• Transmit power control and adaptive modulation: techniques for adapting radio transmission parameters in real-time to maintain link reliability
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Private Network Architectures: Mesh and PTMP
PTMP Advantages Mesh Advantages
Large coverage area Resilient high-availability architecture
Compelling economics for sparse areas Ideal solution for NLOS environments, dense urban areasEasy to deployHigh system capacity
PTMP Challenges Mesh Challenges
LOS is challenging in urban areas Requires pole-top mounting assets
Expensive site acquisition, construction Economics for sparsely-populated areasHub-and-spoke architecture with single point of failure
Management of many distributed assets
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PTMP and Mesh are Complementary• PTMP and Mesh are complementary technologies for the
DAN layer– PTMP is very cost-effective rural deployments– PTMP is suitable for mesh capacity injection in denser areas,
especially where there isn’t utility-owned fiber– Mesh is well-suited for urban/suburban areas providing resilience
and higher capacity
• Optimal combination of Mesh and PTMP leverages the strengths of both– Mesh extends coverage range of PTMP and improves reliability– Architectural resilience through mesh failover capabilities– Unification of mesh and PTMP components through Tropos Control – Combined deployment achieves
• Economics optimized for mix of urban/suburban/rural areas• Meets requirements for multiple DAN applications
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What Optimal Technology Mix Looks Like
Data Center(s)
TroposControl
Tier 3 (NAN)
Tier 4 (HAN)DenseUrban Urban Suburban Rural / Ultra Rural
Tier 1: Fiber (SONET, GigE),Microwave, MPLS Core
Decreasing Mesh Density Transition to WiMAX/P2MP/LTE
Tier 1 Topology Implemented withPath Diversity Where Possible
SpurFiber
Microwave
Tropos Gateway (GW)Routers Installed at
Tier 1 Core Sites
GW
GW GW
P2MP Demarc toMesh Gateways
Tropos Node (ND) RoutersDistribute Tier 2Capacity AcrossUrban/Suburban
Service Areas
Smart Grid DevicesConnect via Wired
or Wireless Ethernetto Tropos Mesh Nodes
Tier 1 / Tier 2
Mesh Used in Ruralto Overcome P2MP
Propagation Obstacles
Rural SubscribersServed via P2MP
© 2011 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Thank you!