Wireless Disaster Management System for Ladakh

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WIRELESS DISASTER

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FORLADAKH

By

Kacho Isfindiyar Khan (178/08) IT

Abdul Raza (216/08) CS

PROJECT GUIDE: Mr. Shabir A. Sofi


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OVER VIEW

The term Disaster management can be described as The range of activitiesdesigned to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and toprovide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from theimpact of the disaster.[1]

In the last few years, the occurrences of natural disasters have been

continuing changing our lives, damaging property and life styles in manydifferent ways.

TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER

Earthquake

Landslide

Floods

Cloudburst etc.

However, if we are adequately prepared, its possible to severely reduce theimpact of a disaster.


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MOTIVATION

To minimize the effect of natural disaster before or after the disasteroccur.

As we know we cannot avoid the natural disaster but we can reduce itseffects

Disaster management is defined as encompassing mitigation,

preparedness, response, and recovery efforts undertaken to reduce theimpact of disasters, [2]

Immediately after the occurrence of a disaster, the first responders go tothe affected region to rescue people and solve eventual problems. Theseareas offer many dangers to the rescue team. Furthermore, the

communication network infrastructure has usually been destroyed. For these reasons, it is important to create a structure to sense

environmental data to detect hazards.

This structure needs to be independent, easy deployed and adapted todifferent situations


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Why only for ladakh.

Because geographic location differ between many regions.

Climatic conditions are different.

Vulnerabilities for disaster may differ.

Disaster occurring may differ.

We are surveying the geography , climatic conditions, vulnerabilities ,disasters , and soils of ladakh region, so that we can make a good wireless

disaster management system for that particular region .


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Disaster relief operations

Pre-disaster detection via sensor network in the vulnerable area.

To make a system that collect date related to the event .

Analyze the data through decision making algorithm and that canalert the people.

Post-disaster mechanism.

Drop sensor nodes from an aircraft over a disaster effected area

These node form a network , and each node collect data fromspecified region.

Via network data flow to the base station.

Each node measures temperature, pressure, humidity, motion ofobject(eg; rock/soil slide)

Derive a temperature map humidity chart pressure flowmotion graph etc.


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We use Wireless Sensor Network for

Disaster management. A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors

to monitorphysical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration,pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through thenetwork to a main location

Several studies in literature model wireless sensor networks (WSN) as distributed databases. Thosestudies describe energy-efficient-ways to answer queries, [3].

Wireless Sensor Networks is One of MIT's 10 emerging technologies

New applications: sensing, controls, automation


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Design Goals

Use of software & standard interfaces where applicable

Apache web-server (HTTP)

MySQL database

PHP web programming language

Simple, web-based user interface

Battery-powered, wireless sensor nodes: 'motes'

Low-power consumption = Long battery life

Motes create self-organizing ('ad-hoc') networks forrobust communications


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Figure 1: Possible deployment of ac-hoc wireless

embedded network . Sensorsdetect temperature, light levels and soil moisture at

hundreds of points across a field and communicate their data over a multi-hop network for

analysis.


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Block Diagram

fig:2


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Subsystem Sensor Network

fig:3


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Figure 4: DOT Wireless sensor network device

designed to be the approximate size of a quarter.

Future devices will continue to be smaller, cheaper and

longer lasting.


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Figure 5. The Motes 1 through 13 are the children motes (all the ones in light grey),

Mote 14 the parent(in purple). The Computer (in red) can be any type of computer

such as PDA, laptop, etc.


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MOTEFigure 6. This figure illustrates the construction of a first generation mote, usually

known as a Mica-mote.


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Factors influencing sensor network

design Fault tolerance;

Scalability;

Production costs;

Operating environment;

Sensor network topology;

Hardware constraints;

Transmission media;

And Power consumption.

These factors are addressed by many researchers as surveyed. These factors are important because they serve as a guideline to design a

protocol or an algorithm for sensor networks.


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Innovative design methodology for

wireless sensor networks[4]

! Totally decentralized architecture

! New techniques for the diffusion of information through the network

! The entire network achieves a global consensus about a common observed

phenomenon, through local coupling of nearby nodes

! Greatly simplified protocol

! High accuracy and reliability through proper coupling among adjacent sensors

! Scalable, fault tolerant network

! Ability to perform different tasks, e.g. parameter estimation, event detection,

source localization, by simply changing the values of a few system parameters

! Sensor Node prototype

! System level simulators

! Flashfloods

! Landslides


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Technology that are in use.

Smart phone :the disaster management system was implemented as a

smart phone application using Googles Android operating system.

(wireless mobile technology in the Philippines)

SMS alerts mobile disaster management system. SMS broadcast to every

one in a particular region where disaster can occur.

Alarming system. Using ordinary sensors

Satellite images


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Limitation of currently using technologies

regarding the accurate data and cost.

If communication system destroyed due to disaster.

No use of mobile cell phone.


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REFERENCE

[1] The Disaster Management Center of The University of Wisconsin)

[2] R. R. Rao, J. Eisenberg, and T. Schmitt, National Academies Press, .

[3]K. Park, B. Lee, Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society.

[4]WINSOC(http://www.winsoc.com/)

[5]Ann Holms and Ethan Culler-Mayeno; University of California Santa Barbara.

[6]Perkins, C., Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing. MILCOM. [7]Berkeley, University of California, 800 node self-organized wireless sensor network.

[8]DavidCullers Home Page. Cs.berkeley.edu.(from http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/)

[9]http://www.wikipedia.com/
http://www.winsoc.com/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/http://www.winsoc.com/

Wireless Disaster Management System for Ladakh

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