1. Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice (2nd Ed.),T. S. Rappaport, Prentice Hall, 2002.

2. Wireless Communications and Networking,J. W. Mark & W. Zhuang, Prentice Hall India, 2006.

3. WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications (3rd Ed.),Editors: H. Holma & A. Toskala, Wiley, 2004.

4. Digital Communications (5th Ed.),//4th editionJ. G. Proakis & M. Salehi, McGraw Hill, 2008.

5. Error Control Coding (2nd Ed.),S. Lin & D. J. Costello, Jr., Prentice Hall, 2004.

1. http://rs31.rapidshare.com/files/6184726/Lin_Shu__Costello_D.J._1983_.pdf

6. Location Management Routing in Mobile Networks,A. Mukherjee, Artech House Books, UK, April 2003.

7. Internet Protocols, Advances, Technologies, and Applications,S. Goswami, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

8. Designing and Developing Scalable IP Networks,G. Davies, Wiley, 2004.

9. Satellite Communications & Networks:  Systems, Techniques and Technology (2nd Ed.),G. Maral & M. Bousquet, Wiley, 1995.

10. Wireless Communications & Networks (2nd Ed.),W. Stallings, Prentice Hall, 2005.

11. Location-Based Services, Fundamentals and Operation,A. Kupper, Wiley, 2005.

12. WCDMA (UMTS) Deployment Handbook, Planning and Optimization Aspects,Editors: C. Chevallier, C. Brunner, A. Garavaglia, K. P. Murray, & K. R. Baker, Wiley, 2006.

13. UMTS Performance Measurement, A Practical Guide for KPI's for the UTRAN Environment,R. Kreher, Wiley, 2006.

14. HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS,H. Holma & A. Toskala, Wiley, 2006.

1. http://xinio.info/?http://ifile.it/wobn6t/wiley.hsdpa.hsupa.for.umts.ebook-spy.rar

15. RF and Wireless Technologies,B. Fette, R. Aiello, P. Chandra, D. M. Dobkin, A. Bensky, D. Miron, D. A. Lide, F. Dowla,& R. Olexa, Elsevier-Newness, 2008.

1. http://xinio.info/?http://ifile.it/kzrfn1w/0750676957.rar 16. Wireless Information Networks (2nd Ed.),

K. Pahlavan & A. H. Levesque, Wiley, 2005.1. http://xinio.info/?http://ifile.it/8b67id/winformn2.rar

17. Electronic Communications Systems, Fundamentals through Advanced (5th Ed.),W. Tomasi, Prentice Hall, 2004.

18. Fundamentals of WiMAX:  Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking,J. Andrews, A. Ghosh, & R. Muhamed, Prentice Hall, 2007.

19. Converged Multimedia Networks,J. Bates, C. Gallon, M. Bocci, S. Walker, & T. Taylor, Wiley, 2006.

20. The Mobile Communications Handbook (2nd Ed.),J. D. Gibson (Editor-in-Chief), CRC Press, 1999.

1. http://xinio.info/?http://ifile.it/5a1qdb/ mobile_communications_handbook.rar

21. Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications (2nd Ed.),B. Sklar, Prentice Hall, 2002.

22. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet,J. Kurose & K. Rose, Addison Wesley, 2007.

23. Internetworking With TCP/IP Volume 1: Principles Protocols, and Architecture, (5th Ed.),D. Comer, Prentice Hall, 2006.

1. http://xinio.info/?http://ifile.it/mpoldtn/0130183806.rar24. Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications,

J. Liberti & T. Rappaport, Prentice Hall, 1999.1. http://xinio.info/?http://ifile.it/dt8o74g/

76794___smart.antennas.for.wireless.communications.rar25. 802.11 Wireless LAN Fundamentals,

P. Roshan & J. Leary, Cisco Press, 2004.26. Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS,

J. Laiho, A. Wacker, & T. Novosad, Wiley, 2006.1. http://www.filefactory.com/file/59bf2c/n/0471486531_zip

27. OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications,R. Van Nee & R. Prasad, Artech House Publishers, 2000.

1. http://dl1.s22.mihd.net/hcrvsje7/artech_-_ofdm.for.wireless.communications.systems.pdf

28. DC Power System Design for Telecommunications,W. D. Reeve, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006.

1. http://xinio.info/?http://ifile.it/fivu37x/047168161X.zip29. GSM Switching, Services and Protocols,

J. Eberspacher, H-J Vogel & C. Bettstetter, Wiley, 2001.1. http://dc38.4shared.com/download/26061958/3b8e650f/

GSM_Switching_Services_and_Protocols.rar?tsid=20081103-122524-6bc8db21

30. Wireless Communications,A. F. Molisch, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007.

31. The cdma2000 System for Mobile Communications: 3G Wireless Evolution,V. Vanghi, A. Damnjanovic, B. Vojcic, Prentice Hall, 2004.

32. CDMA 2000 Evolution: System Concepts and Design Principles,K. Etemad ,Wiley, 2004.

33. Handbooks of the International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunications  Sector (ITU-R),e.g., Land Mobile Handbook, Satellite Communications Handbook.

34. Fundamentals of Wireless Communications,D. Tse, P. Viswanath, Cambridge University Press, 2005.

IEEE WCET GlossaryTERM DESCRIPTION

3DES3G3GPP3GPP2A5AAAAADACKACMADCAESAFAGCAMCAMPSANMANSIARARIBASASCIIASNASN.1ASPATISATMAuCAUTAUTNAUTSAWSBCMCSBEBSCBSSBTSCBCCBC-MACCCCCCH/BCCHCCICCMCCMPCCSACDMACGMCIDCIRCMCMACOMP128CPCPCQICRC

Encryption StandardMetropolitan Area Network3rd Generation Partnership Project3G Partnership Project 2Encryption algorithmAuthentication Authorization AccountingAdditional authentication dataAcknowledgeAddress Complete MessageAnalog to Digital ConvertedAdvanced Encryption StandardDiffserv Assured ForwardingAutomatic Gain ControlAdaptive Modulation and CodingAdvanced Mobile Phone SystemAnswer MessageAmerican National Standards InstituteAxial Ratio for Elliptical PolarizationAssociation of Radio Industries and BusinessApplication ServerAmerican Standard code for Information InterchangeAccess Service NetworkAbstract Syntax Notation OneApplication Service ProviderAssociation Telecommunications Industries StandardsAsynchronous Transfer ModeAuthentication CenterAntenna Under TestNetwork authentication tokenToken used in resynchronizationAdvanced Wireless ServicesBroadcast and Multicast ServicesBest EffortBase Station ControllerBasic Service SetBase Transceiver StationCipher Block Chaining MessageCipher Block Chaining Message Authentication CodeCall ControlCommon Control Channel Broadcast Control ChannelCo Channel InterferenceCTR Mode with CBC-MACCounter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code ProtocolChina Communications Standard AssociationCode Division Multiple AccessConjugate Gradient MethodConnection IDCarrier to Interference RatioConnection ManagementConstant Modulus AlgorithmAlgorithmCyclic PrefixCircular PolarizationChannel Quality IndicatorCyclic Redundancy Check

CRC-32CSCSCFCSMA/CACSNCSTCTIACTSDARPAdBidBmdBrDCHDECTDESDiffServDIFSDLDMBDNSDRADRCDSLDSS1DVB-HEAPEAP-FASTEAPoLEAP-TLSEAP-TTLSE-DCHEDGEEFEGPRSEIAEIRPEMEPERPESSeTOMETSIFAFACAFBSSFCCFCCFDDFDMAFDMAFDTDFEMFFTFSOFSS

Cyclic Redundancy check 32 bitsCoding SchemeCall Session Control FunctionCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision AvoidanceConnectivity Service NetworkComputer Simulation TechnologyInternational Association for the Wireless Telecommunications IndustryClear To SendDefense Advanced Research ProjectsDecibel IsotropicDecibel milliwatsDecibel RelativeDedicated ChannelDigital Enhanced Cordless TelephonyData Encryption StandardPacket ClassificationDistributed Inter Frame SpaceDown LinkDigital Multimedia BroadcastingDomain Name SystemDielectric Resonator AntennaData Rate ControlDigital subscriber LineDigital Subscriber Signaling System 1Digital Video Broadcast HandheldExtensible Authentication ProtocolEAP Flexible Authentication via Secure TunnelingEAP Over LANEAP Transport Layer SecurityEAP Tunneled TLSEnhanced Dedicated ChannelEnhanced Data Rates for GSM EvolutionDiffserv Expedited ForwardingEnhanced GPRSElectronic Industries AllianceEffective Isotropic Radiated PowerElectromagneticElliptical PolarizationEffective Radiated PowerExtended Service SetEnhanced Telecom Operations MapEuropean Telecommunications Standard InstituteForeign AgentUS Federal Advisory Committee ActFast Base Station SwitchingFederal Communications CommissionFederal Communications CommissionFrequency Division DuplexFrequency Division Multiple AccessFrequency Division Multiple AccessFinite Difference Time DomainFinite Element MethodFast Fourier TransformFree Space OpticsFrequency Selective Surfaces

G.711GGSNGKHGMSCGPRSGPRSGPSGSMGTCH.263H.264HARQHARQHEHFSSHHOHi-CapHLRHLR/AUCHNHOHSDPAHS-DSCHHSPAHSSHSUPAHTTPIBSSI-CSCFICVIDENIECIETFIFIFFTIKIKEIMSIMSIIMT-2000IPIP v4IP v6IP-CANIPSecIS-136IS-95ISMISOISUPISUP IAMITILITUITU-RKA

EncoderGateway GPRS Support NodeGroup Key HierarchyGateway Mobile Switching CentreGeneral Packet Radio serviceGeneral Packet Radio ServiceGlobal Positioning SystemGlobal System for Mobile CommunicationsGeneric Token CardVideo Codec Low-Bit rateVideo Codec MPEG-4 Advanced Video CodecHybrid Automatic Repeat RequestHome AgentHome EnvironmentHigh Frequency Structure SimulatorHard HandoffHigh CapacityHome Location RegisterHome Location Register/Authentication CenterHome NetworkHandoffHigh Speed Down Link Packet AccessHigh Speed Downlink Shared ChannelHigh Speed Packet AccessHome Subscriber ServerEnhanced Uplink E-DCHHypertext Transfer ProtocolIndependent Basic Service SetInterrogating CSCFIntegrity Check ValueIntegrated Digital Enhanced NetworkInternational Electro technical CommissionInternet Engineering Task ForceIntermediate FrequencyInverse Fast Fourier Transformintegrity keyInternet Key ExchangeIP Multimedia SystemInternational Mobile Subscriber IdentityInternational Mobile Telecommunications 2000 ITU standardInternet ProtocolInternet Protocol Version 4Internet Protocol Version 6IP Connectivity Access NetworksProtocols for SecurityInterim Standard 136Interim Standard 95 CDMA ONEIndustry Science and Medical RF BandInternational Standard OrganizationISDN User PartISUP Initial Address MessageInformation Technology` Infrastructure LibraryInternational Telecommunication UnionInternational Telecommunication Union RadioKnowledge Area

KCKCKKEKLANLDPCLHLMSLo-CapLOSLOSLPLS-CMALTELTEMACMACMAC-SMANMAPMBMSMCWMD5MDHOMDSMEdiaFLOMGCFMGWMIBMICMIMOMIPMISOMMMMUSICMoMMOSMPDUMPEGMPLSMRFMSMSCMSC/VLRMU-MIMONACKNASNAVNEBSNECNFNFCNGMCNGMNNGNNIC

Ciphering KeyEAPoL Key Communication KeyEAPoL Key Encryption KeyLocal Area NetworkTurbo CodeLeft Hand Circular PolarizationLeast Mean SquareLow CapacityLine of SightLocal OscillatorLinear PolarizationLeast Squares Constant Modulus AlgorithmLong Tern EvolutionLong Term EvolutionMedia Access ControlMessage Authentication CodeAuthentication token used in resynchronizationMetropolitan Area NetworkMobile Application PartMultimedia Broadcast/Multicast ServiceMulti CodewordMessage digest 5Macro Diversity HandoverMinimum Discernible SignalForward Link Only TechnologyMedia Gateway Control FunctionMedia GatewayManagement Information BaseMessage Integrity CodeMultiple Input Multiple OutputMobile IPMultiple Input Single OutputMobility ManagementMultiparty Multimedia Session ControlMethod of MomentsMean Opinion ScoreMAC Protocol Data UnitMoving Picture Expert GroupMultiprotocol Label SwitchingMedia Resource FunctionMobile StationMobile Switching CenterMobile Switching Center/Visitor Location registerMultiple User MIMONot AcknowledgeNetwork Access ServerNetwork Allocation VectorNetwork Equipment Building Systems standardNumerical Electromagnetics CodeNoise FigureNear Field CommunicationNext Generation Mobile CommitteeNext Generation Mobile NetworksNew Generation NetworkNetwork Interface Card

NISTNLOSNMHANRSCNSPNSSNSTACOATSOFDMAOGCOSAOSIOSPFOSS/BSSOTAOTPPANPAPRP-CSCFPDCPDSNPDSNPDUPEAPPFDMPHYPIFAPINPKHPLPLMNPNPOPPPPSKPSTNPSTNQAMQoSQPSKRACHRADIUSRANRANDRC4RETRFRFCRFCRFIDRHCPRLSRNCROAMOPSROHC

National institute of Standards and TechnologyNon Line of SightNormal Mode Helical AntennaNetwork Reliability Steering CommitteeNetwork Service ProviderNetwork SubsystemNational Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee( US)Open Area Test SiteOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple AccessOffice of Government CommerceOpportunistic Spectrum AddressOpen Systems InterconnectOpen Shortest Path First Routing ProtocolOperational and Business Support SystemsOver The Air ProgrammingOne Time passwordPersonal Area NetworkHigh Peak to Average Power RatioProxy CSCFPersonal Digital CellularPacket Data Serving NodePacket Data serving NodeProtocol Data UnitProtected EAPOrthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexPhysicalPlanar Inverted F AntennaPersonal Identification NumberPairwise Key HierarchyPath LossPublic Land Mobile NetworksPseudo NoisePhysical OpticsPoint to Point ProtocolPhase Shift KeyingPublic Switched Telephone NetworkPublic Switched Telephone NetworkQuadrature Amplitude ModulationQuality of ServiceQuadrature Phase Shift KeyingRandom Access ChannelRemote Access Dial In User ServerRadio Aces NetworkRandomRC4 Cipher AlgorithmRemote Electrical TiltRadio FrequencyRequest For CommentRequest for ChangeRadio Frequency IdentificationRight Hand Circular PolarizationRecursive Least SquaresRadio Network ControllerIETF Roaming OperationsRobust Header Compression

RRRRCRSARSNRSNARTPRTSRTTS/NSASCPS-CSCFSCTPSCWSDCCHSDMASDRSEGFSFSFDRSFIDSGSNSGWSIDSIGSIMSIMOSIPSIRSISOSLFSMISMSSM-SCSMTPSNMPSPCSQNSRESSRTPSS7SSBSSIDSTAT2PTCAPTCHTCH/FSTCH/HSTCPTCP/IPTD-CDMATDD-HCRTDMATD-SCDMA

Radio ResourceRadio Resource ControlRivest Shamir AldermanRobust Security NetworksRobust Security Network AssociationsReal Time ProtocolRequest to SendRound Trip TimeSignal to Noise RatioSecurity AssociationETSI Smart Card PlatformServing CSCFStream Control Transmission ProtocolSingle CodewordStand Alone Dedicated ChannelSpace Division Multiple AccessSoftware Defined RadioSecurity Gateway FunctionSpreading FactorSpurious Free Dynamic RangeService Flow IDServing GPRS Support NodeSignaling GatewaySystem Identification NumberSpecial Interest Group of WWRFSubscriber Identity ModuleSingle Input Multiple OutputSession Initiation ProtocolSignal to Interference RatioSingle Input Single OutputSubscriber Location FunctionStructure of Management InformationShort Message ServiceShort Message Service CenterSimple Message Transfer ProtocolSimple Network Management ProtocolSingle Parity CheckSequenceSigned ResponseSecure RTPSignaling System 7Single SidebandService Set IdentifierStationsTraffic To PilotTransaction Capabilities application PartTraffic ChannelTraffic Channel Full Rate SpeechTraffic Channel Half RateTransmission Control ProtocolSuite of ProtocolsTime Division CDMATime Division DuplexTime Division Multiple AccessTime Division Synchronous CDMA

TIATKTKIPTMFTSTSCTSG CTTSG GERANTSG RANTSG SATTATTCUDPUEUMBUMTSUMTS AKAURAUSGSUSIMUTRAUTRA TDD-HCRUTRA TDD-LCRUTRANUWBVLRVNVoIPVSWRWANW-CDMAWEPWERTWGWiFiWiMAXWINNERWLANWMNWPA2WRCWWRFXGXMAC (PG 26)XOR

Telecommunications Industry AssociationTemporal KeyTemporary Key Integrity ProtocolTM ForumTime SlotTKIP Sequence CounterTSG Core Network & TerminalsTSG GSM EDGE Radio Access NetworkTSG Radio Access NetworkETG Services & System AspectsTelecommunications Technology Association of KoreaTelecommunications Technology CommitteeUser Datagram ProtocolUser EquipmentUltra Mobile BroadbandUniversal Mobile Telecommunications SystemProtocol used in 3GUniversal Terrestrial Radio AccessUnited States Geological SurveyUMTS SIMUniversal Terrestrial Radio AccessTD-CDMA UTRA MODETD-SCDMA UTRA MODEUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkUltra WidebandVisitor Location RegisterVisited NetworkVoice Over IPVoltage Standing Wave RatioWide Area NetworkWideband CDMAWireless Encryption ProtocolWireless Emergency Response TeamWorking Group of WWRFWireless FidelityWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessWireless World Initiative New radioWireless LANWireless Mesh NetworkWi-Fi Protected AccessWorld Radio Communication ConferenceWireless World Research forumNext GenerationCryptographic primitive in the 3GSM Key Generation ProcessExclusive Or

Sample Examination QuestionsThe following questions are typical of those that will be used on IEEE WCET certification examinations.An answer key may be found at the end of this Appendix.

1. A mobile terminal moving at a speed of 30 m/sec is receiving a signal with a center frequency of 2 G, having a bandwidth of 5 MHz. The received signal has a delay spread of 2 µsec. The Doppler shift of the received signal is approximately:1. 200 Hz2. 400 Hz3. 0.5 MHz4. 2.5 MHz

2. In a CDMA cellular system, the coverage region of a cell located in a dense urban environment at 5:00 PM (busy hour) is most likely to be:1. smaller than the coverage of 3:00 AM (dead hour) because of higher cell loading.2. the same as the coverage at 3:00 AM (dead hour) because propagation remains the same.3. the same as the cover at 3:00 AM (dead hour) because transmit power remains the same.4. smaller than the coverage at 3:00 AM (dead hour) because of more signal fading due to more cars on the street.

3. A wireless channel has a 10 KHz Doppler spread and a 10 ms delay, and the over-the-air data rate with BFSK modulation is 1 Kbps.  Which of the following is the best description of this channel?1. Fast fading and frequency selective fading2. Slow fading and frequency nonselective fading3. Slow fading and frequency selective fading4. Fast fading and frequency nonselective fading

4. In 802.11 using RTS/CTS as an access scheme where the duration of RTS, CTS, and an ACK are all equal to T, the Short Interframe Spacing duration equals S and the data packet duration of the transmitting source is D, the total period allocated to the transmitting terminal and no others is:1. 3T+2S+D2. 3T+3S+D3. 3T+4S+D4. 3T+S+D

5. The choice of a duplexing method depends on the1. nature of the available spectrum and of the traffic in uplink/downlink.2. modulation type.3. chosen multiple access technology.4. modulation type and the multiple access technology.

6. The relationship among the IEEE 802.11 timing parameters is:1. SIFS‹DIFS‹PIFS.2. PIFS‹SIFS‹DIFS.3. SIFS›PIFS›DIFS.4. SIFS‹PIFS‹DIFS.

7. Which of the following OSI layers is responsible for error recovery and reliability?1. Data link2. Session3. Application4. Physical

8. The main function of the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) in an internet networking environment is to provide:1. reliable communication for end systems.2. fragmentation and synchronization services.3. error recovery between adjacent nodes.4. a transparent routing among subnets.

9. A fundamental architectural difference between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6 is that:1. Mobile IPv4 dynamic home agent discovery returns a single reply to the mobile node.

2. Mobile IPv6 provides secure but less optimized routes than Mobile IPv4.3. Mobile IPv6 does not require Foreign Agent (FA).4. Mobile IPv6 does not require Home Agent (HA).

A Guide to the Wireless Engineering Body of Knowledge (WEBOK)TABLE OF CONTENTS 2008 edition

Section 1 – Wireless Engineering Framework

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 5

Section 2 – Wireless Engineering Knowledge Areas

Chapter 1 - WIRELESS ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 8

1.2 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 9

1.3 DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS ............................................................................................10

1.4 MOBILITY MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................17

1.5 WIRELESS ACCESS TECHNOLOGY STANDARDIZATION ..............................................22

1.6 DIGITAL MOBILE CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION—2G TO 3G ............................26

1.7 LOCAL, PERSONAL AND NEAR-FIELD COMMUNICATIONS ...........................................46

1.8 BEYOND 3G AND FUTURE TRENDS .............................................................................53

CHAPTER 2 - NETWORK AND SERVICE ARCHITECTURE

2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................67

2.2 CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................67

2.3 CIRCUIT-SWITCHED CELLULAR NETWORK ARCHITECTURE ........................................68

2.4 TCP/IP IN PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS .................................................................71

2.5 VOIP/SIP FOR IP MULTIMEDIA .....................................................................................74

2.6 PACKET-SWITCHED MOBILE NETWORKS AND IMS .....................................................78

2.7 ALTERNATIVE NETWORK ARCHITECTURES—MESH NETWORKS ................................86

2.8 ALTERNATIVE NETWORK ARCHITECTURES—MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS ................90

2.9 SERVICE ENABLER EVOLUTION ..................................................................................91

2.11 FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING .............................................................97

2.12 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................99

Chapter 3 - NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY

3.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 103

3.2 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 103

3.3 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE LIBRARY ................................. 103

3.4 THE ENHANCED TELECOM OPERATIONS MAP .......................................................... 107

3.5 THE SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP) ...................................... 111

3.6 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................ 114

3.8 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 135

CHAPTER 4 - RADIO FREQUENCY ENGINEERING, PROPAGATION AND ANTENNAS

4.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 137

4.2 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 137

4.3 ANTENNAS ................................................................................................................. 137

4.4 PROPAGATION ........................................................................................................... 150

4.5 RF ENGINEERING........................................................................................................ 167

4.6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 179

Chapter 5 - FACILITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

5.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 183

5.2 CONTENTS .................................................................................................................183

5.3 AC AND DC POWER SYSTEMS ..................................................................................183

5.4 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION ........................................................................................ 185

5.5 HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING ...................................................... 189

5.6 EQUIPMENT RACKS, RACK MOUNTING SPACES, AND RELATED HARDWARE .......... 189

5.7 WAVEGUIDES AND TRANSMISSION LINES ................................................................ 190

5.8 TOWER SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS .............................................................. 192

5.9 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS AND BASE STATION HOTELS............................... 193

5.10 PHYSICAL SECURITY, ALARM AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS ................................ 194

5.11 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS ....................... 195

5.12 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 197

Chapter 6 - AGREEMENTS , STANDARDS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS

6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 198

6.2 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 198

6.3 AGREEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 199

6.4 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................ 201

6.5 POLICIES ..................................................................................................................... 204

6.6 REGULATIONS ............................................................................................................. 207

6.7 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 211

Chapter 7 - FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE

7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 213

7.2 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 213

7.3 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BASICS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS .................... 214

7.4 SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ............................................. 217

7.5 RF ENGINEERING......................................................................................................... 220

7.6 INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS [WIT02] ............................................................. 223

7.7 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ..................................................................................... 224

7.8 OTHER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 229

7.9 GENERAL ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS ......................................... 231

7.10 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 233

SECTION 3 – APPENDICES

APPENDIX A – CREATION OF THE WEBOK ......................................................................... 234

A.1 DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AREAS FOR THE WIRELESS INDUSTRY ................... 234

A.2 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS ............................................................................................. 235

APPENDIX B – FUTHER RESOURCES .................................................................................. 237

APPENDIX C – SUMMARY OF THE KNOWLEDGE AREAS ..................................................... 244

APPENDIX D  – GLOSSARY ................................................................................................. 250

APPENDIX E – ABOUT THE IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY ............................................ 256

ABOUT THE IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY ................................................................... 256

A Guide to the Wireless Engineering Body of Knowledge (WEBOK)2008 Edition

Introduction

Wireless technology has provided connectivity and communications for well over a century, providing consumers with previously unknown flexibility and mobility. Wireless coexists with, extends, and even competes with wired communication links. In recent years, the role of wireless technology has broadened significantly and to serve an increasingly mobile society wireless will need to grow many times over in the years ahead.

The total knowledge dealing with the many aspects of the wireless technology will grow accordingly. This Wireless Engineering Book of Knowledge (WEBOK) outlines the technical areas with which practitioners should be familiar, and offers suggestions for further information and study. Fundamentally, wireless communication technology depends upon generic communication system principles, and yet, it has its own unique attributes. These include:

radio engineering wireless link design the wireless infrastructure spectrum and frequency allocations networking and mobility management services user devices and interfaces regulatory and compatibility requirements

The goal of any communication system is to connect and transmit between two or more points, be they persons, premises, or machines. A layered architecture stitches together the applications and user interactions, which are being met by increasingly uniform services and service delivery architectures.

A broad range of services exist and continues to grow, enabled by wireless networks, be they fixed or mobile, satellite or terrestrial, conversational or interactive.

The primary mobile communication service has been the voice call, enabled by cellular systems that have traditionally been circuit-switched and optimized for voice. Mobile data services have, however, grown significantly so that by 2008, 30% or more of mobile business in a variety of global markets depends on non-voice services. The evolution of packet/IP-based networks enables efficient development, control, integration and delivery of IP multimedia services. At the same time, a converging service framework allows services to be created and delivered while providing access that is both open and secure.

Goals of future systems beyond 3G are straightforward—to provide wireless services to an increasingly mobile society that are dependable and enhanced, while minimizing their cost (per megabyte). Such systems will require higher speeds, higher performance and higher capacity. There has been a flurry of activity to standardize, test and implement the next-generation systems beyond 3G. Each of these systems has relied on similar technology breakthroughs, which include advanced coding and modulation (such as adaptive space/time coding and 16 or 64 QAM), sophisticated antenna technologies (MIMO), high6 capacity multiple-access mechanisms (OFDM), fast scheduling, and dynamic bandwidth and resource allocation. The notions of spectral efficiency, multiple smart beams, dynamic carrier structure, and dynamic resource allocation are all designed to provide much more capacity at lower cost.

Who is a Wireless Professional?Each year, hundreds of schools in dozens of countries graduate thousands of wireless professionals. The education these institutions provide equips their graduates with varying levels of wireless system knowledge. Some provide basic and some provide advanced training, while others provide an in-depth education within a narrow specialty. Unfortunately, there is no common set of educational requirements that dictates the level of training.

Today, more than ever, the dynamic growth and globalization of the wireless communications industry brings to the forefront the need for all practitioners to rely on a common language and set of tools. The intent of the WEBOK is to serve as a tool to help develop common technical understanding, language, and approach among wireless professionals whose careers have developed in different parts of the world.

The Wireless Engineering Body of KnowledgeThe WEBOK is the product of a large international group of professionals, experts from both academia and industry. It was produced by the IEEE Communications Society. The information presented in the following chapters is a general overview of the evolution of wireless technologies, their impact on the profession, and common professional best practices. Many wireless professionals may also find the WEBOK to be a useful tool for keeping pace with evolving standards. Appendix C includes a large number of references to books and articles that readers are encouraged to

consult to enhance their knowledge and understanding of wireless technologies.

Chapters need not be read in any particular order; rather, readers are encouraged to focus on those topics in which they do not feel they are up to date nor have a good command of the technology.

The WEBOK should not be viewed as a study guide for a wireless certification exam; it does not address all the topics that may be covered there. It is rather an outline of the technical areas with which a wireless practitioner employed in industry should be familiar, and offers suggestions as to where to turn for further information and study.

OrganizationThe WEBOK is organized into seven chapters:

Chapter 1: Wireless Access TechnologiesFocuses on the radio-access architectures and standards, and comments on the newest developments in wireless that are currently being used. It analyzes and compares many alternatives for radio access and classifies the different options according to the desired performance of the wireless solution.

Chapter 2: Network and Services ArchitecturesFocuses on the core network, supporting the access technologies described in the previous chapter. Concepts like switching, routing, and mobility management are among the chief topics covered.

Chapter 3: Network Management and Wireless SecuritySummarizes common tools used to manage, control, and keep secure a wireless network. Concepts include service level agreements, configuration management, alarm handling, and providing security for a wireless network.

Chapter 4: Propagation and AntennasIncludes the central topics of radio frequency engineering propagation budget calculations as a. Also presented are the architectures of many RF coding schemes along with their relative advantages and disadvantages.

Chapter 5: Facilities and Wireless InfrastructureDescribes the common practices and the recognized international, standards which need to be considered when designing a facility for active equipment.

Chapter 6: Agreements, Standards, Policies, and RegulationsFocuses on the agreements (for example, licensing), standards, policies and practices needed to design, maintain, operate, and optimize wireless infrastructures, as well as on the variety of regulations that must be observed.

Chapter 7: Wireless Engineering FundamentalsLists the broad and basic technical knowledge that may be expected of a wireless practitioner.

The WEBOK is intended for a practicing wireless professional who has acquired at least the basic knowledge described in chapter 7, Wireless Engineering Fundamentals. If, on the other hand, a reader is aware of gaps in his or her skills and knowledge base, chapter 7 is an excellent way to begin addressing those deficiencies.