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THE AMERICAN SYSTEM

The American System was a plan to unite the various parts of the U.S. through a system of banking, taxation, and transportation.

It was proposed by President Madison, and supported by Henry Clay from KY (The West) and John C. Calhoun from SC (The South).

America was divided into three areas each specializing in different industries– Textiles in the North, Plantations in the South, and Farming in the West.

MISSOURI COMPROMISEWhen Missouri applied to be a state, it was at a time when there was a tenuous balance between slave and free states in the nation

Illinois was added as a free state and Alabama was added as a slave state bring the count to 11-11.

The North felt the South was trying to extend slavery, and the South thought the North was trying to stop slavery.

Henry Clay stepped in and compromised to admit Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and set a national boundary. This boundary

was set at 36⁰30’ north latitude.

North of the line was free, South was slave.

INDUSTRIAL CHANGES IN THE U.S.Prior to the industrial boom of the 1820’s, only thread was manufactured with machines. The thread would then be spun into cloth in the homes. This was known as the Cottage Industry.Weaving factories with their power looms replaced the need for the cottage industry and specialized/skilled labor.

By moving the work from the home to the factory, several dynamics changed. Families were broken up, skilled artisans were no longer needed due to interchangeable parts, and reduced the prices of household goods. Women also dominated the workforce.New technologies in the North (power looms), South (cotton gin), and West

(mechanical reaper/steel plow) allowed for specialization. This meant each region mass produced a special product and each region relied on the other regions for goods.

TEXAS AND CONFLICTS WITH MEXICOMexico struggled to protect its northern provinces from Native American attacks, so to ensure loyalty from these areas they allowed Americans to settle in Texas.

Americans rushed to Tejas to settle, and were only expected to obey the laws and observe the religion of Mexico. This fell apart as Americans brought slaves with them.

This led to conflict as the Americans demanded more self-government and illegally entered the Mexican territory.

Texas was made into a republic after the Treaty of Velasco was signed, and Texas entered as a state 9 years later as a slave state due to its location and previous slave population.This led to the Mexican-American War, and allowed the U.S. to gain CA, UT & NM territories, and the Rio Grande border in TX, thus expanding our borders from the Pacific to the Atlantic.

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN BY HARRIET BEECHER STOWE

In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published her pro-abolitionist novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin in which she depicted slavery as more than a political debate, but rather as a great moral struggle. Tom is an old slave who is helping Emmaline and Cassy escape from the hostile slave owner, Legree. The struggle between good and evil is symbolized as Tom becomes a martyr (like Jesus) who falls to the hands of the evils of slavery.The slaves are seen as pious (religious), loyal, faithful and forgiving, while the slave owner is seen as cruel, violent, brutal, and immoral / evil.

Stowe argued that we were going against our morals as good Christians, and questioned how the institution of slavery could continue to exist in the eyes of man and the church.The South banned the book, and Northern abolitionist rejoiced. People also were spurned into action by the books vivid message. This further split the nation in half, and was thought to “galvanize” (or excite) the U.S.

SECTIONALISM IN THE US

Your essay must include the following ideas for full credit:

1) Slave State vs. Free State (i.e. Missouri Compromise)

2) Regional economic differences (South=Agriculture, North=Industury)

3) Tariff of Abominations (Southern tensions)

4) The Mexican-American War (Southerners vs. Northerners)

5) Compromise of 1850 (Appease Northern & Southern issues)

6) Popular Sovereignty

7) How does slavery vs. industrialism change the ideals of the North & South?

REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION

Your essay must include the following ideas for full credit:

1) What were the 3 regions in the U.S.? (North, South, and West)

2) How did the government try to connect these regions (i.e. American System)

3) What inventions caused specialization? (i.e. power loom, cotton gin, steel plow)

4) How did these regions connect? (i.e. roads, canals, r.r’s, and telegraph)

5) Why did these regions form the way they did?

SECESSION AND WAR

Your essay must include the following ideas for full credit:

1) Compromise of 1850 F.S.A= angers the North, personal liberty laws

2) Popular sovereignty leads to “Bleeding Kansas”

3) Abolitionists spark tension Harriet Beecher Stowe, UGR, Politics, John Brown

4) Election of 1860 South loses political voice, Lincoln shunned in the South

5) Why did these regions form the way they did?