Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 1 of 67 ICT and Wireless A Motivational Introduction Halim Yankmerolu Carleton University Canada Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 2 of 67 ICT and Wireless Outline Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 3 of 67 ICT and Wireless A Brief History of Wireless Communications Michael Faraday 1791 1867 Joseph Henry 1797 1878 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 4 of 67 ICT and Wireless A Brief History of Wireless Communications Michael Faraday 1791 1867 Joseph Henry 1797 1878 James Clerk Maxwell 1831 1879 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 5 of 67 ICT and Wireless A Brief History of Wireless Communications Michael Faraday 1791 1867 Joseph Henry 1797 1878 James Clerk Maxwell 1831 1879 Heinrich Hertz 1857 1894 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 6 of 67 ICT and Wireless A Brief History of Wireless Communications Michael Faraday 1791 1867 Joseph Henry 1797 1878 James Clerk Maxwell 1831 1879 Heinrich Hertz 1857 1894 Alexander Popov 1859 1906 Nikola Tesla 1856 1943 Reginald Fessenden 1866 1932 Guglielmo Marconi 1874 1937 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 7 of 67 ICT and Wireless From Research to Innovation Engineering in contemporary meaning: A fairly recent branch of knowledge 17 th 19 th century: Calculus was developed 19 th century, 2 nd half: Engineering started being developed 20 th century, 1 st half: Mathematical principles of engineering got matured 20 th century, 2 nd half: Explosive growth in engineering applications 21 th : Innovation (health care, productivity, environment, communications, education, ) R&D R&D&I Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 8 of 67 ICT and Wireless The Great Contributors to Info Theory and Communications Theory Claude Shannon 1916 2001 Bell Labs, MIT Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 9 of 67 ICT and Wireless The Great Contributors to Info Theory and Communications Theory Ralph V.L. Hartley 1888 1970 Bell Labs Claude Shannon 1916 2001 Bell Labs, MIT R.V.L. Hartley, Transmission of Information, Bell System Technical J, July Formulated the law that the total amount of information that can be transmitted is proportional to frequency range transmitted and the time of the transmission. Considered as "the single most important prerequisite" for Shannon's theory of information. Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 10 of 67 ICT and Wireless The Great Contributors to Info Theory and Communications Theory Ralph V.L. Hartley 1888 1970 Bell Labs Claude Shannon 1916 2001 Bell Labs, MIT R.V.L. Hartley, Transmission of Information, Bell System Technical J, July Formulated the law that the total amount of information that can be transmitted is proportional to frequency range transmitted and the time of the transmission. Considered as "the single most important prerequisite" for Shannon's theory of information. H. Nyquist, Certain factors affecting telegraph speed, Bell System Technical Journal, H. Nyquist, Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory, Trans. AIEE, April Harry Nyquist 1889 1976 Bell Labs Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 11 of 67 ICT and Wireless The Great Contributors to Info Theory and Communications Theory Ralph V.L. Hartley 1888 1970 Bell Labs Claude Shannon 1916 2001 Bell Labs, MIT R.V.L. Hartley, Transmission of Information, Bell System Technical J, July Formulated the law that the total amount of information that can be transmitted is proportional to frequency range transmitted and the time of the transmission. Considered as "the single most important prerequisite" for Shannon's theory of information. H. Nyquist, Certain factors affecting telegraph speed, Bell System Technical Journal, H. Nyquist, Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory, Trans. AIEE, April Harry Nyquist 1889 1976 Bell Labs Norbert Wiener 1894 1964 MIT Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 12 of 67 ICT and Wireless Mobile phone Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 13 of 67 ICT and Wireless Mobile phone Cell phone Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 14 of 67 ICT and Wireless Mobile phone Cell phone Smart phone Tablets Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 15 of 67 ICT and Wireless Fast forward What is 5G? Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 16 of 67 ICT and Wireless What is 5G? 5G is not about smart phones Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 17 of 67 ICT and Wireless Near Future: More Video Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 18 of 67 ICT and Wireless Direction 1: Highly Capable Devices Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 19 of 67 ICT and Wireless Direction 2: IoT Integration of Physical and Digital Worlds embedded wireless Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 20 of 67 ICT and Wireless Direction 2: IoT Integration of Physical and Digital Worlds Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 21 of 67 ICT and Wireless Access to Information Books Brick library Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 22 of 67 ICT and Wireless Books Brick library Internet library Access to Information Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 23 of 67 ICT and Wireless Books Brick library Internet library Data of all sorts Access to Information Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 24 of 67 ICT and Wireless Books Brick library Internet library Data of all sorts Easy access (I/F) Access to Information Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 25 of 67 ICT and Wireless Books Brick library Internet library Data of all sorts Easy access (I/F) Available before you ask/think Access to Information Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 26 of 67 ICT and Wireless Outline Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 27 of 67 ICT and Wireless ICT Information and Communication Technologies Alan Turing 1912 1954 Claude Shannon 1916 2001 CommunicationsComputing ICT Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 28 of 67 ICT and Wireless ICT Information and Communication Technologies Alan Turing 1912 1954 Claude Shannon 1916 2001 CommunicationsComputing ICT Content Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 29 of 67 ICT and Wireless ICT:Already ~5% of the global GDP ICT: Becoming Worlds Biggest Industry Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 30 of 67 ICT and Wireless iPod Blackberry Netbook iPhone iPad (2010) Number of Days to Reach 1 Million Units Sold iPad2 (2011) 3 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 31 of 67 ICT and Wireless iPod Blackberry Netbook iPhone iPad (2010) Number of Days to Reach 1 Million Units Sold iPhone 5: 9 M during launch weekend (20-22 Sept 2013) iPad2 (2011) 3 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 32 of 67 ICT and Wireless Number of Days to Reach 1 Million Units Sold iPhone 6: 10 M during launch weekend (19-21 Sept 2014) Apple Store, 59 th Street & 5 th Avenue, New York, 05 Sept 2014 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 33 of 67 ICT and Wireless Number of Days to Reach 1 Million Units Sold iPhone 6s & Plus: 13M during launch weekend (25-27 Sept 2015) Apple Store, 59 th Street & 5 th Avenue, New York, 05 Sept 2014 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 34 of 67 ICT and Wireless ICT:Already ~5% of the global GDP Cisco Consulting Services 2014 white paper: IoT: $19 trillion opportunity over the next decade Will soon become worlds largest industry sector by far! ICT: Becoming Worlds Biggest Industry Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 35 of 67 ICT and Wireless Market valueEmployeesValue/employee Apple$645 B 115,000$5.6 M Google$525 B 60,000$8.8 M Microsoft$439 B119,000$3.7 M ICT Sector Unprecedented Value Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 36 of 67 ICT and Wireless Market valueEmployeesValue/employee Apple$645 B 115,000$5.6 M Google$525 B 60,000$8.8 M Microsoft$439 B119,000$3.7 M WhatsApp $22 B 55$400 M ICT Sector Unprecedented Value Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 37 of 67 ICT and Wireless Market valueEmployeesValue/employee Apple$645 B 115,000$5.6 M1976 Google$525 B 60,000$8.8 M1998 Microsoft$439 B119,000$3.7 M1975 WhatsApp $22 B 55$400 M2009 ICT Sector Unprecedented Value Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 38 of 67 ICT and Wireless Market valueEmployeesValue/employee Apple$645 B 115,000$5.6 M1976 Google$525 B 60,000$8.8 M1998 Microsoft$439 B119,000$3.7 M1975 WhatsApp $22 B 55$400 M2009 ICT Sector Unprecedented Value Nobody is late in the game Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 39 of 67 ICT and Wireless Forbes 2015 Newcomers Travis Kalanick Net worth: $5.3 B Source of wealth: Uber (car service) Kim Bum-Soo Net worth: $2.9 B Source of wealth: KakaoTalk (mobile chat service) Brian Chesky Net worth: $1.9 B Source of wealth: Airbnb Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy Net worth: $1.5 B each Source of wealth: Snapchat Markus "Notch" Persson Net worth: $1.3 B Source of wealth: Minecraft (video game) Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 40 of 67 ICT and Wireless iCar What is Next? Nothing will be the same again Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 41 of 67 ICT and Wireless Importance of Patents in ICT Nortels patents were sold in June 2011 to a consortium consisting of Apple, Ericsson, Microsoft, Blackberry and Sony. 6,000 patents for $4.5 B $750,000 per patent Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 42 of 67 ICT and Wireless Companies with the Highest Number of Issued US Patents in )IBMUSA7,534 2)SamsungS. Korea4,952 3)CanonJapan4,055 4)SonyJapan3,224 5)MicrosoftUSA2,829 6)ToshibaJapan2,608 7)QualcommUSA2,590 8)GoogleUSA2,566 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 43 of 67 ICT and Wireless Outline Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 44 of 67 ICT and Wireless1G 2G 3G 4G Mbps kbps bps Mbps kbps bps Gbps AMPS Mobile device for everyone Time Cellular Generations data Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 45 of 67 ICT and Wireless1G 2G 3G 4G 5G Mbps kbps bps Mbps kbps bps Gbps AMPS ? ? Mobile device for everyone Time Cellular Generations 2010 View data Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 46 of 67 ICT and Wireless1G 2G 3G 4G 5G Mbps kbps bps Mbps kbps bps Gbps AMPS ? ? Mobile device for everyone Time Cellular Generations 2015 View data Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 47 of 67 ICT and Wireless What is 5G? 5G hypercube Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 48 of 67 ICT and Wireless 5G Requirements Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 49 of 67 ICT and Wireless Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 50 of 67 ICT and Wireless Outline Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 51 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 52 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 53 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 54 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 55 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Challenge 3: Nobody wants to pay for it! Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 56 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Challenge 3: Nobody wants to pay for it! Challenge 4: Novel services and applications Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 57 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Challenge 3: Nobody wants to pay for it! Challenge 4: Novel services and applications new QoS requirements more differentiation rate reliability latency Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 58 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Challenge 3: Nobody wants to pay for it! Challenge 4: Novel services and applications new QoS requirements more differentiation rate reliability latency energy efficiency cost security Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 59 of 67 ICT and Wireless Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Challenge 3: Nobody wants to pay for it! Challenge 4: Novel services and applications new QoS requirements more differentiation Challenge 5: Complex user Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 60 of 67 ICT and Wireless Outline Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Wireless evolution Aptitude for ICT Generations of cellular technologies Challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 61 of 67 ICT and Wireless Today: ICT is an Important Sector Entertainment Agriculture Hospitality Transportation Automotive Health Municipalities Energy Education DefencePublic Safety ICT Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 62 of 67 ICT and Wireless Tomorrow: ICT is the Most Important Sector ICT (5G,) Entertainment Agriculture Hospitality Transportation Automotive Health Municipalities Energy Education DefencePublic Safety Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 63 of 67 ICT and Wireless Tomorrow: ICT is the Most Important Sector ICT (5G,) Entertainment Agriculture Hospitality Transportation Automotive Health Municipalities Energy Education DefencePublic Safety Telecom ICT Vertical Industries Telecom ICT Vertical Industries Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 64 of 67 ICT and Wireless CES 2016 Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 65 of 67 ICT and Wireless ICT & Wireless: Great Career Opportunity! SYSC 5608:Great Course! Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 66 of 67 ICT and Wireless ICT & Wireless: Great Career Opportunity! SYSC 5608:Great Course! But also a challenging one Winter H. Yankmerolu SYSC 5608 Wireless Communications Systems EngineeringPage 67 of 67 ICT and Wireless THANK YOU