Windows routing Windows routing and resolutionand resolution

Basic conceptsBasic concepts Host name: machine.sub-domain.domain

example: mail.ubalt.edu same machine name in Windows in NetBIOS

and TCP/IP, but the NetBIOS name is just \\machine

IP numbers are assigned to NICs a machine can have more than one NIC one NIC can have more than one IP number use IPCONFIG to see IP numbers in a

machine example in AL 200 and WEBTEACH

How to map host names to IP numbers? Host tables, DNS and WINS

IP resolutionIP resolution Name resolution: given a TCP/IP name how to know

its corresponding IP number.

Alternatives HOSTS file: an ASCII list of host names and IP

numbers, IP broadcast: workstation asks for IP number

(resolution) LMHOSTS file: does all HOSTS do plus include part of

the table from central location, identify DC, Domain, etc. Both at \%system root%\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc

DNS: a data base containing zone, cache, reverse lookup, and arpa-127 files (resource records), located at \%system root%\Windows\System32\Dns directory, DHCP updates DNS in Windows 2000 on (not in NT).

WINS: uses a replicated data base with computer names and IP numbers, dynamic, interacting with DHCP.

IP routingIP routing Routing tables

Static - maintained by network manager (NT) Dynamic - automatically by routing protocol

DNS required for socket applications (FTP, HTTPD, MAIL) DNS service, dynamic link to WINS but requires

manual updating of central route table , RIP takes care of the rest (NT). DHCP automatically updates DNS in Windows 2K on

DNS data base: boot (where are the files), arpa-127.rev (maps localhost into 127.0.0.1), cache (where the “root servers” are located in the Internet), direct and reverse lookup table of names and IP numbers .

Primary and secondary name servers: one of each by zone.

IP routing toolsIP routing tools Nslookup

information, e.g. nslookup <webteach> commands: set option , e.g. domain,

port(53). Viewing the route table

netstat -rn or route print example in AL 200 and WEBTEACH note: 0.0.0.0 is Internet connection

Trace route tracert: example in AL200 and WEBTEACH Cyberkit: example in AL200