Window & Facade Magazine - 2nd Anniversary Issue

Volume 2 | Issue 6 | ` 100

Face to FaceAr. Reza Kabul

ARK Reza Kabul Architects Pvt. Ltd.

Industry SpeaksMario Schmidt

Lingel Windows and Doors Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Tech Talk Adarsh Raina, Ramboll

Optimising Façade Designs forWind Loads

SMART FAÇADES

Responsive Designs for Optimal Day Lighting &

Energy Conservation

SMART FAÇADES

Responsive Designs for Optimal Day Lighting &

Energy Conservation

Anniversary Edition

www.wfm.co.in WE ARE LIVE!

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DISCLAIMER: With regret we wish to say that publishers cannot be held responsible or liable for error or omission contained in this publication. The opinions and views contained in this publication are not necessarily those of the publishers. Readers are advised to seek expert advice before acting on any information contained in this publication which are very generic in nature. The ownership of trademarks is acknowledged. No part of this publication or any part of the contents thereof may be reproduced in any form or context without the permission of publishers in writing.

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Contents

Cover Credits: Abin Design Studio

WINDOW&FACADEMAGAZINEVolume 2 I Issue 6Anniversary Edition

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High Pressure Laminate Cladding for High-Rises

Advantages of HPL as a cladding material for high-rises

06

Fully Glazed High-Rise

On a highly designed and developed façade

09

Role of Sealants, Foams & Adhesives on Energy Conservation in Buildings

Effective use of the said components in building design

18

Tips for Optimizing Daylighting

Discussing factors that can optimize daylighting

24

Optimising Façade Designs for Wind Loads

Advanced engineering methods to be considered while optimising the façade design for wind loads

36

“Our Customer’s Faith is Our Strength”

Interview: Mario Schmidt, Director, Lingel Windows and Doors Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

44

Creating Façades with Robust Characters

Interview: Ar. Abin Chaudhuri, Principal Architect, Abin Design Studio

79

Façades in India are Getting Better

Interview: Ar. Reza Kabul, Director, ARK Reza Kabul Architects Pvt. Ltd.

88

A case study by Amit Khanna, Founder & Design Principal, AKDA (Amit Khanna Design Associates)

The Perforated Brick Façade

116

Intelligent Glazed Façades

Project feature - The office for the architectural firm ‘Abhikalpan Architects Pvt. Ltd’

120

Standing Seam Roof

The aluminium roofing can achieve various shapes and still be leak proof

15

Integrated Façades for Energy Conservation and Daylighting

Designing facades as energy mediators

30

l Anniversary Edition WFM 5 l

EDITOR’S NOTE

Renu Rajaram [email protected]

With serious issues of global warming being discussed, we are racing in search of

smarter and responsible ways to combat environmental crisis. Buildings use about

40 per cent of global energy, 25 per cent of global water, 40 per cent of global

resources, and they are responsible for approximately 1/3 of Greenhouse Gas

(GHG) emissions, as per UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) web site.

Façade & fenestration is often considered the biggest hurdle in achieving higher

levels of energy efficiency in buildings. Heat flow and energy lost through openings

in buildings is very high. About 37 per cent of interior energy loss is through

fenestration. Existing buildings present significant energy saving opportunities

because their performance level is frequently far below current potentials.

This edition gives an insight into integrated façade systems which provide ample

daylighting and at the same time help in achieving maximum energy conservation.

The cover story of this special edition is on Smart Façades, which explicates

responsive designs for optimal daylighting and energy conservation, and we have

included views from many experts in the industry on the subject. Article by

Ar. Prashant Sutaria gives many interesting tips for optimizing daylighting in

buildings. Gurleen Kaur & Sakshi Jindal from HKS – India, explain designs for

integrated façades which would help in energy conservation and in optimising

daylighting. Article by Niten Patial from McCoy Soudal Sealants has delved into

details of role of sealants, foams & adhesives on energy conservation in buildings.

This edition also presents a few very informative articles on cladding and roofing

too. Anuj Sangal from Greenlam Industries explains the advantages of using high

pressure laminate as a cladding for high-rises, which is a novel concept. Another

interesting article by Vijaynath Shetty is on Standing Seam Roof, which is an

aluminium leak proof roofing that can take various shapes. Adarsh Raina of Ramboll

talks about ‘Optimising Façade Designs for Wind Loads’.

India has one of the fastest growing construction sectors in the world. Swift

developments put pressure on living conditions of millions of people. It also adds

to the environmental pressures of increased demand for resources. Members of

the construction and real-estate industry must address these situations and build

sustainably so as to enable healthier and more productive environments. They

must understand that investment in building energy efficiency is accompanied

by significant direct and indirect savings, which help offset incremental costs,

providing a short return on investment period. With these thoughts we present to

you our Second Anniversary Edition and I hope you will enjoy the read!


High Pressure Laminate Cladding for High-Rises

Anuj Sangal, Country Head Sales – Laminate &

Allied Vertical, Greenlam Industries Limited

Cladding

About the Author:Anuj Sangal has over two decades of experience in building material industry across sales & marketing, warehouse management and production. He has successfully handled Pan-India assignments like building material products including plywood, laminate, veneer, glass, doors and construction chemicals. Greenlam Industries is India’s leading manufacturer in the decorative laminates, decorative veneers, engineered wood flooring and engineered doors segment. It is also the Asian market leader in the decorative laminates space. With over two decades of experience in the surface décor space, Greenlam Industries has been a pioneer in introducing international décor trends in India.

The journey of use of high pressure compact laminate (HPL) for façade started in early 1980’s in Central Europe. They were used as decorative exterior panels for facade cladding. High pressure laminates were well known nearly worldwide at this time as an interior decorative product, but slowly the trend for high pressure compact laminate for exterior use as façade started growing.

In India, the use of high pressure compact laminate for façade started some years ago and now the product has really caught the imagination of the architects, designers, builders and end user.

HPL Cladding - Greenlam Clads project done in Jaipur, designed by

Ar. Raman Raina

Today the use of high pressure compact laminate is not only limited to bungalows, low-rise buildings but is gradually moving to high-rise building. The HPL

clads are applied as ventilated façade systems.

The HPLs are gaining popularity in high rise building because they provide energy efficient, long-lasting properties. They allow circulation of air and aids in increased ventilation. A ventilated façade system may result in a variety of advantages. First, a chimney effect draws air through the cavity, aiding in the removal of heat and moisture from rain or condensation. Second, the rain-screen also blocks some solar gain and accommodates continuous insulation, considerably reducing the need for air conditioning. Third, these results are shown


to improve comfort within living areas. Residents and users not only find themselves in a low-maintenance-environment, but the dry and comfortable conditions of the building may also make a positive contribution to indoor environmental quality.

It is important to have a good quality panel when used on a high rise building facade. A good panel comes at a price. The panel should be symmetrical on both sides, with high quality UV resistant protection on both the sides. It should be of same decorative paper, with a phenol treated core. Although the full

size panels are quiet heavy, with advanced logistics technologies used for construction of buildings, there is not much logistical problem for carrying the panels to high rise building.

There are precautions which have to be taken during the installation of the panels especially in high rise buildings. In fact the fabrication has to be done with perfection. It is important to maintain a uniform minimum and maximum distance from edge of the panel to the hole.

Chart in Figure. 1 shows the minimum and maximum distance between panel edge and hole.

Fix Point and Sliding Point

Changing weather conditions and humidity levels could

make the compact laminate expand or contract. In order to accommodate such variations, there should be only one fixed point in one panel and remaining points should be sliding points. Fixing point should be the nearest (upper) fastening point to the middle of the sheet (Figure.2).HPL Cladding - A project

in Moscow, Russia

Fig.1: Minimum and maximum distance between panel edge and hole

Compact

[mm]g [mm]

min. max.6 20 - 608 20 - 6010 20 - 60

Figure.2: Position of fixing point – It should be the nearest (upper) fastening

point to the middle of the sheet.

Greenlam Industries Limited launched exterior compact panels two years ago under the brand name “Greenlam Clads”. It comes with revolutionary unmatched GLE technology that makes them fade resistant, weather-proof and fire-resistant. Over and above this, Greenlam Clads are highly durable and longstanding which makes them cost efficient. They are also low on maintenance and contribute to increased indoor environment quality, making it the best suited cladding option for exterior applications. These compact panels are highly energy efficient as they allows the circulation of air and aids in increased ventilation. They create a chimney effect that draws air through the cavity, aiding in the removal of heat and moisture from rain or condensation. Also, the rain-screen blocks some solar gain and accommodates continuous insulation, thereby considerably reducing the need for air conditioning. The ease of application and installation of Greenlam Clads also add significant value to the user. The panels can be combined easily with other building materials to create unique effects and highlights that can help make your home one-of-a-kind.

Greenlam Clads

Local Government Restrictions

The height up to which the panel can be installed is mainly restricted by the local rules of construction as well as building physics.

Conclusion

Combining powerful features of appearance and performance, wall claddings and HPL compact panels can completely transform the way your home looks. While aesthetically enhancing the appearance of the structure, it can also improve air-flow and lighting and is in line with sustainable and green building practices.

As innovations across the world of construction and decoration continue to emerge, wall laminates and HPL compact panels are certainly here to stay.


Fully Glazed High-Rise An Architectural Dream Stays a Reality!

During the times of modern architecture and the international style the dream of fully glazed high-rise buildings became a sparkling reality – creating astonishing façades, allowing an interaction between inside and outside and paying homage to great views. But in present days due to building regulations and higher sustainability demands this architectural intent becomes more and more impossible to realize.

Therefore the recently opened Festo Automation Center with its all-glass façade points out the enormous technological accomplishments and the intelligence that lies within the design of the building. A normal or rather passive building envelope is transformed into an active building component reacting dynamically to changing environmental conditions. As a result cooling energy needed can be reduced by up to 20 per cent and the user comfort can be increased.

About the Author:

Lars Anders is the Managing Director of the Priedemann Group

and Façade-Lab Research & Development Centre, which deals

with assignments relating to the façade or building envelope.

Lars manages and leads, a team providing all services in façade

designing, consulting and engineering as well in other project-

related assignments. Lars holds a degree in Civil Engineering from

the University of Applied Sciences in Berlin. Lars has given several

lectures on building envelope related topics, with broader as well as

speci�c issues such as technology transfer, process and management.

Lars’ vision and mission is to create the leading global Façade

Research & Development Company, with consultancy and engineering

practice beyond limits – from product development via concept design

through to the execution.

Lars Anders, Managing Director, Priedemann Group and Façade-Lab Research &

Development Centre

Smart Façade

Fig.1: The Festo Automation Center Tower standing proudly in Stuttgart

© F

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Thanks to new technical details and an optimization process within the designing face, the textile blind creates an exhaust air corridor between the blind and the glazing. Through this space, the exhaust air from the office space is sucked off taking with it the heat from solar radiation captured by the blind within this corridor. Thanks to this combination of façade engineering and building services, this façade element also features a dynamic g-value lowering the cooling demand inside and creating a higher user comfort - thanks to similar surface temperatures throughout the office. The above mentioned façade systems ensure that already in the first summer since putting the Automation Center into operation in July 2015 the inside temperature never exceeded 26°C even at outside temperatures of up to 40°C. Besides the high energy efficiency, the increase in user comfort, ensuring high job performances, the developed single-skin unitized façade was realized with a depth of only 75mm of glass construction, increasing the usable floor space in the building. To keep this newly generated absolute view clear at all times a new cleaning robot was used for the Automation Center. Thanks to vacuum technology this robot can move along the whole façade like a gecko by itself cleaning it in only one day.

Finally the façade was designed to incorporate the building into the Festo campus and the companies technological innovation, pneumatic air systems, intelligent control systems and last but not least the companies colours blue and grey – using these colours for the façade profiles. This commitment to the company is highlighted throughout the whole

This high performance façade is based on a unitized system of two different elements adding up to 8.500 sq m in total. By this the façade is a main part of the new eye-catching 67 m high landmark within the Festo campus, visible from everywhere in the metropolitan region of Stuttgart.

The two façade elements consist of one parallel-opening window and a fixed glazing element. The smaller element measuring 0.70 x 4.00 m sets a new standard in manually openable windows and glazing technology. Its parallel opening window can be operated by the user, increasing its comfort also from a psychological point of view. The floor to ceiling glazing consists of a two-piece panel of electro-chromatic glazing. This new glass technology allows changing dynamically the g-value by various steps and therefore lowering the solar radiation and heat income into the building. This technology also prevents from glare and at the same time ensures a high visibility trough the glazing. Festo also sets a new milestone in this field realizing the largest façade area of electrochromatic glazing in Europe. The bigger façade element is 2.70 x 4.00 m big and is carried out as one fixed glazing panel. With a high quality sun control glass still a good view from the inside is ensured. To counteract glare, an internal blind is needed nevertheless. At the Festo Automation Center, this mandatory blind is used to create a new type of air-exhaust façade.

Fig. 2: A close up overview of the Festo Automation Center Tower with its all-glass façade

Festo - vertical section

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The Capital with its complex structure

Rendering of the egg-shaped structure

day: a LED-system was integrated into the façade profiles letting the façade sparkle in Festo blue by night as well.

After all the new Festo Automation Center façade is mainly built like a conventional single-layer unitized façade but thanks to a lot of highly designed and developed details and a smart controlling of the building services, a highly innovative, efficient and sustainable façade could be realized. All these design and technological masterstrokes were only feasible thanks to the openness of the architect, client, industry and research institutes towards new approaches by the façade designer and its leading position in the designing and construction of the façade. This close collaboration made it possible to fulfil all the project targets, queuing in previous ground-breaking construction projects by Festo and realizing innovations as a reference for buildings to come.

Anees Backer Micha Pawelka Praveen Chaubey

Client: Vijay Associates (WADHWA) DevelopersOwner - Developer: Vijay Associates (WADHWA) DevelopersArchitect: James Law CybertectureProject data: approx. 103 m building heightBuilding function: Commercial BuildingTechnical features: Stick system façade, Unitised system, Frameless glazingOur scope: Typical detailing, Design development, Design review, Site installation reviewStatus: Completed 04 / 2013

THE CAPITAL, MUMBAI – FACT FILE

The Capital, Mumbai

The Priedemann Middle East and India is headed by Managing Directors: Anees A. Backer leading the Project Operations across GCC / India, and Micha Pawelka leading the Business Development in the region. With Project Manager - Praveen Chaubey as the point of contact for Priedemann Mumbai office.

Priedemann Office: 423 Avior Nirmal Galaxy, LBS road, Mulund West 80, Mumbai, India; Phone: +91 222 591 306

© J

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One BKC, Mumbai

Client: Vijay Associates (WADHWA) DevelopersOwner - Developer: Vijay Associates (WADHWA) DevelopersArchitect: James Law CybertectureProject Data: approx. 83 m building heightBuilding function: Office BuildingTechnical Features: Structural glazing façade, Point-fi xed façade, Stick system façade with sliding elements, Sun control louvres, Aluminium sheet claddingOur scope: Concept design, Detailed design, Thermal building physics, Acoustic analysis, Typical detailing, Tender documentation, Site control, Shop drawing reviewStatus: Completed in 2015

The Priedemann company was founded in 1993 by Wolfgang Priedemann in Berlin, Germany. With his partners; Lars Anders and Wolfgang Feurlein they expanded the German company into an international brand. Since 1993, the company has provided façade consultancy and design services to investors and developers, architects and general planners, main contractors and fabricators. Priedemann has grown international since, opening branches in the following locations: Dubai, Mumbai, Istanbul, St. Petersburg, Beijing, Nairobi and London. In 2012, Priedemann established their consultancy branch in Mumbai and developed an engineering hub in South India (Cochin) where they train local staff to support all their design activities.

ONE BKC, MUMBAI– FACT FILE

Fig. 5: One BKC Mumbai, completed in 2015

Concept design for the structural glazing facade - with a different opening option - Vertical detail

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Standing Seam Roof

About the Author:

Vijaynath Vittal Shetty started the firm Vijaynath Interiors & Exteriors Pvt. Ltd. in 1992, and later diversified into dealing in interior and exterior architectural products. Now it has become India’s premier architectural solutions provider having a turnover of over Rs. 82 crores and employee strength of over 200. Headquartered in Mumbai, the company, renamed as Vijaynath Roof & Wall Cladding Systems Pvt. Ltd, has branch offices in Pune, Nasik, Kolhapur and Mangalore. It has full-fledged in-house facilities like design studio, engineering and fabrication expertise and networking with global materials manufacturers to independently undertake turnkey installation of highly specialized industrial and heavy duty roofing and exterior work. The company’s clientele include prestigious names like Mercedes Benz, Ichiban Honda, Delhi Airport, Lucknow Airport, Kempe Gowda International Airport (BIAL), Bangalore and Cochin International Airport.

Vijaynath Shetty, Founder & Managing Director,

Vijaynath Roof & Wall Cladding Systems Pvt. Ltd.

Roofing

Ichiban Honda, Mumbai

Standing seam roof is a roofing profile which is quite old in the international roofing industry, but new in the Indian market. Standing seam is a non-piercing roof. The roofing profile is roll formed at site and it is seamed on the side laps; that’s why it is called standing seam roof.

Applications

Standing seam is normally used in the roof. The aluminium roofing can achieve various shapes and still the roof can be leak proof. It is also widely used for wall cladding because it give a neat look. Standing seam roof can be used for very low slope as low as 1.5�.

Standing seam are available in various sizes/profiles like SS 2000, MR- 24,65/400 by Kingspan, 32/320 by Vijaynath etc. This standing seam is available mostly in Steel Galavalume by most of the vendors/manufactures and in aluminium by Kingspan. Standing seam was first introduced in the country by M/s Interarch building Products. In steel the thickness ranges from 0.60mm


Patna International Convention Centre

CIDCO Exhibition Centre, Navi Mumbai

to 0.75mm and in Aluminium 0.9mm. In steel normally you use bare galvalume or SMP (Silicon Modified Polyster) PVDF 2 and in aluminium Stucco, PVDF 2 and 60µm durabond finish.

The Advantages of Standing Seam Roof

∙ Design: In aluminium, you can achieve various shapes and is suitable for any kind of difficult roof design. Because of the seam height being more for e.g., 50mm or 65mm high you can achieve minimum low slopes till 1.5 degree.

∙ Waterproofing: because of the high seam and seaming of the sheets at the side laps by special seaming machine, you can achieve water tightness on the roof.

∙ Sheet length: The specialty of standing seam is that the roll forming machine is always brought to site and the sheets are roll formed at the site and we can achieve maximum single length sheet. We have installed a single sheet length of 136mtr without any joints.

∙ Strength: on a standing seam roof, the minimum thickness of steel should be 0.6mm thick and that of aluminium should be 0.9mm, which adds to the strength of the sheet.


Kempe Gowda International Airport (BIAL), Bangalore

Challenges of Installation

Installation of standing seam roof is very simple, if you are technically trained. But for difficult shapes and design, to install, you need to have a good trained engineer with lot of experience.

Test to be Done to Have Sustainable Roof

The roof should be tested for:∙ Wind load test calculation report, ∙ Thermal conductivity repot i.e. ‘U’ value

calculation.∙ Acoustic insulation i.e. STC report ∙ Water leakage test: on site water leakage test

using water jet spray

In India, lot of standing seam profiles are available, but none of them are tested & approved for wind uplift. Hence architects /consultants should specify sheets manufactures who have special wind uplift test done like Underwriters Laboratories Inc., British Board of Agreement, International Standard Organization and FM which clearly assures the client of a tested product from a reputed agency.

Tirupati Meditation Center

Cummins, Pune


WEA

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INSUL ATION

AIRTIGHT

Untitled-5 1 11/05/16 17:19

Role of Sealants, Foams & Adhesives on Energy Conservation in Buildings

About the Author:Niten Patial holds a Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering with Masters in Marketing Management. As the Vice President in McCoy Soudal Sealants Foams & Adhesives Pvt Ltd., he is responsible for managing the business activities for Mccoy Soudal in India & neighboring Asian countries. He is based out of Gurgaon. McCoy Soudal offers innovative products, providing solutions to most bonding, sealing, waterproo�ng & jointing applications & the products are used in three principal market segments: construction, industry and DIY/hardware. Niten has vast experience from the core �elds of civil & mechanical engineering which includes water proo�ng, thermoplastic paints, survey & mapping, geo-synthetics, HVAC, MEP & FP. He had been instrumental in providing solutions to power, mining, oil & gas, construction & infrastructure companies. During this journey of more than 18 years, he has served on various positions & successfully developed innovative solution for strategic OEM & customers.

Niten Patial, Vice President, McCoy Soudal Sealants

Adhesives & Foams Pvt. Ltd.

Green Talk

Air Tightness and Insulation

Energy Conservation has gained momentum in recent years. The increasing demand for energy efficiency has influenced the technical development of right construction methodology and usage of right products for façades and windows. Now a days advanced and technically superior innovative solutions are available which are cost effective and facilitate greener buildings with a low carbon footprints.

On an average depending upon the location in the world, it is observed that buildings consume more than 30 – 40 per cent of energy. In extreme cold and hot regions this consumption may go more than 40 per cent as well.

Windows and façades are few of the most important factors while considering the overall energy efficiency of a building. Therefore the requirement and selection of right construction methodology and right products is very important

and it helps in achieving the overall performance. Special type of products in the form of sealants, foams and adhesives with better weather ability, durability and waterproofing properties are required to achieve this.

Thermalinsulation

Air-tightness


The use of sealants, adhesives and foams in building design, has given extra dimension with the increased durability of structures, better performance and preservation of the building’s environment and a reduction in material consumption for the construction of the façade and windows.

Concepts of EPB, NZEB and Passive House

The European concept of EPB (Energy Performance of buildings) to reduce CO2 gas emissions by 20 per cent, to reduce energy consumption by 20 per cent and to increase the share of renewable energy to 20 per cent (reference year: 1990), and NZEB (Net Zero Emission Building) has gained significant attention these years. The concept of nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be adopted to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby. These stricter norms not only advocate the use of one form of energy, but pays significant attention on reduction in energy consumption.

For translating these principle into building practice, it is of prime importance to take great care ensuring that the building envelope is very well insulated and airtight. Attention should also be paid to good compactness, orientation and of course, controlled ventilation. In the original concept, the ventilation ducts were also used for heating purposes; due to the absence of a classic ‘active’ heating system, this type of house was called a passive house. Meanwhile, even though other “heating aids” are being used, the basic criteria for a passive house have remained the same:∙ 1-Net energy need for heating ≤15 kWh/m2 per

year∙ Airtightness n50-value ≤ 0.6 vol/h∙ Temperature exceedance factor above 25°C ≤

5per cent

This translates into a building which has, in winter as well as summer, a very comfortable interior climate and requires only a minimum amount of heating. It is obvious that a passive house is the

ideal way to achieve an NZEB as the limited energy need can easily be met by renewable energy.

Major Issues in Building/ Window Systems

Thermal BridgesIn many European countries, while calculating the energy performance, any thermal bridges (cold bridges) calculation in a building is taken into consideration. This is quite logical as poorly executed building knots may lead to large transmission losses resulting in an average heat loss of 5per cent (for an average house). Designers must therefore pay attention to joints, especially joints between various construction elements. Window-to-wall joints, for example, are important potential thermal bridges, which easily amount to 100 meters for an average house.

Many available Window System (SWS) can contribute to lowering heat loss, as thanks to the use of Flexifoam in the SWS details the, possibly pre-calculated, Ψ-value can be kept low and, as the case may be, below the limit imposed by prevailing EU legislation (e.g. 0.1 W/mK).

Joints In comparison to other aspects of construction, joints are often not given the attention they require. Building joints need to be thoroughly planned and are necessary to compensate for the expansion and contraction of building materials or to create fitting tolerances. In practice, however, the result can be irregular joint dimensions or even unplanned joints. The sealing of joints can result in one of the following functions or a combination thereof∙ Acoustics ∙ Airtightness

Thermal Bridge: calculating transmission losses & energy performance


Flexi foam application can contribute to lowering heat loss

Testing for air leaks in window systemsWindow Installation and application of sealants

∙ Aesthetics ∙ Thermal insulation∙ Fire protection ∙ Protection against burglary∙ Protection against driving rain and humidity

AcousticsFor quite some time now, tightened requirements with regard to acoustics (NBN S 01-400-1) apply in many countries. But the saying “a chain is as strong as its weakest link” certainly applies to soundproofing. An elastic filling material or a combination of these materials is particularly suitable to reduce the transmission of sound. A reduction of air sound is expressed in a reduction index ‘R’.

AirtightnessIn the context of airtightness not only refer to joints (planned), but also to seams and crevices,

which are mostly undesired or irregular joints or interfaces. For products able to seal seams, crevices and joints, the current product standards contain none or very few specifications or requirements regarding airtightness. However, in European standard, EN12114, which describes a general testing method to measure the air permeability of building products (in laboratory conditions). The result is a value indicating the leak flow per m or m2. For sealants and adhesives, it generally applies that there should be sufficient cohesion (the material does not tear) and adhesion (bonding) to guarantee the airtightness over a longer period. For sealants, the cohesion is linked to the movement capability of the product; the adhesion is strongly determined by the preparation and condition of the surface. In brief: selection of the correct product for the application, due care when applying the product and choosing a good quality product will always lead to the best results.


AestheticsJoints, and especially the correct finish of joints, can contribute to a smooth appearance, of the inside as well as the outside of a building or construction. Not only the texture, but also the colour of the sealant play an important role.

Thermal InsulationA number of products, especially construction foams, score very well in terms of heat insulation. The lambda-value (λ) is used as indicator. In particular in wider joints, thermal bridges need to be avoided. The 3D correction factor in a joint between 2 insulating surfaces is called the psi-value (ψ). The minimum requirement in Belgium for window to wall interfaces is set at 0.10 W/mK.

Protection Against FireJoints and penetration seals are an important link in the finish of compartments. Compartmentalization forms an essential part of passive fire protection in buildings. The relevant standards are EN1366-3 for penetration seals and EN1366-4 for joints. Fire resistance is expressed in minutes; for joints and penetration seals mostly related to flame integrity and insulation.

Protection Against BurglaryFor exterior joinery this characteristic is classified in accordance with EN1627 to EN1630. Elastic glazing sealants can certainly have advantages here and will also ensure better airtightness and water tightness of the window.

Resistance Against Driving RainThese are, in fact, products which are not simply watertight, but can also keep water from entering when it is combined with an increased (wind) pressure. This pressure increases in proportion to the height of the building. For instance, at a building height of 50 m or more, this pressure may increase to 600Pa or more. As a primary barrier, these are mainly joint sealants suitable for use in facades and glazing, which also have good movement capability. They have been classified in accordance with the new CE marking (harmonised standard EN15651) or the EN ISO11600 standard: ‘F’ for façade, ‘G’ for glazing – 20per cent or 25per cent movement capability. As we are talking about outside applications, these products must also be UV resistant.

Vapour ControlDamp protection and vapour control is also an important issue for a healthy building. It can therefore be important to include the µ-value of a substance when sealing joints or even the Sd-value of a specific building material.

Conclusion

Windows, Doors & Facades are very important part of building, it is very important for architects & consultants to consider the use of energy efficient & sustainable products available in the market to achieve the best results in conserving the energy. In nut shell the Energy conserved is the Energy saved.

For further information on this subject applications, You can reach us at [email protected] Installation: construction foams,

score very well in terms of heat insulation


Tips for Optimizing Daylighting

About the Architect:

Prashant Sutaria, Principal Architect, PSA, is a creative

and thinking architect, who believes in design

solutions for long term and likes to explore various

architectural vocabularies. After graduating in the year

1989 from Mumbai, over the years, he has worked

on a variety of projects. He passionately works on

projects of various types across India, and contributes

significantly towards better built environment and

sustainable development. He, along with his wife,

Architect Hemanti Sutaria, has created CELPT - Centre

of Living and Planning for Tomorrow. At present, he is

working towards creating knowledge based solutions

for affordable and low-cost housing.

Prashant Sutaria, Principal Architect, PSA

Green Talk

A hotel in Mumbai - achieved energy efficiency and optimum daylighting by controlling floor to window ratio, using recessed

windows for solar shading and high performance clear glass

Since inception, the primary function of buildings was to provide shelter and protection from the environment. As time passed, lifestyle changed


Mixed Use, Durgapur – strategy of using deadwalls and windows to achieve energy efficiency in this gold pre-

certified building in extreme climate

and so did architecture where the original concept of providing shelter transformed into providing comfortable indoor ambiance. During this transition, building façades have gone through a lot of changes and modifications. The building façades remain one of the most important exterior components for building functionality. Apart from just aesthetic point, it also has a critical role related to energy performance and interior functioning of a building.

In case of a window, the basic objective is to admit daylight in a building and also provide view to the user. As quoted “a window that admits sunlight for winter heating also has to reject sunlight during summer peak cooling season”. In such conditions, high-performance glass, mechanical shading devices and façades that are ventilated (active or passive) with air volume in between two glasses

Factors That Can Help Optimize Daylighting

As per ‘Whole Building Design Guide’, a program of the National Institute Of Building Sciences, the design factors that can help optimize daylighting in building are:

∙ Daylight-optimized building footprint: Can be achieved by orienting in north-south (siting) and designing building such that maximum surface is exposed to daylight.

∙ Climate-responsive window-to-wall area ratio: The window area has to balance between admission of daylight and thermal issues (wintertime heat loss and summertime heat gain).

∙ High-performance glazing

∙ Daylighting optimized fenestration design

∙ Skylights (passive or active)

∙ Tubular daylight devices

∙ Daylight redirection devices

∙ Solar shading devices

∙ Daylight-responsive electric lighting controls

∙ Daylight-optimized interior design (such as furniture design, space planning, and room surface finishes).

Residential Project, Ranchi – the façade design allows sun in winter but controls in harsh summer besides

forming a strong architectural element


could be used. High performance glazing (e.g.: solar control façades) admits more light and less heat than a typical window that allows daylighting without affecting the building cooling load in the summer.

Daylighting

Daylighting is to bring controlled natural light inside a building to create a visually stimulating and productive environment for the occupants, thus reducing the total building energy costs. Executing daylighting on a building goes beyond fenestration and windows, it calls for integrated design approach as it involves important aspects like building orientation, building form, climate, lighting controls , design criteria and interior planning.

Daylight Redirection Technologies

Daylight redirection technologies reflect incoming direct sunlight onto the ceiling of a space. Interior design which includes furniture design, placement, and room surface finishes also plays an important role with respect to daylight

performance. These devices serve two purposes, one being glare control and the other being daylight penetration, where sunlight could spread deeper into a space that would not be allowed otherwise.

Skylights

Skylights are used for admitting daylight from above, so it can either be passive that simply allows daylight into the room through openings in the roof or active which has a reflective system within the skylight that tracks the sun movement and redirects the light down through a light well. Selection of the above devices can be decided depending on the desired indoor conditions and occupants’ expectation.

U-values

U-values are used to measure effectiveness of building’s fabric as insulators. The better (i.e. lower) the U-value of a building fabric, the less energy is required to maintain comfortable conditions inside the building. As the awareness towards the shortcomings of energy has increased, energy saving in the built environment has become a progressive concern since then. Therefore the following design aspects could be taken into consideration to achieve a desired U-value:∙ Use of insulation materials∙ Using building elements such as cavity walls

and double glazing ∙ Overall make up of a building’s fabric (for

example, reducing the proportion of glazing)

Integrated Façades

An integrated façade serves as a mediator between the exterior environment and designed interior spaces.

The constraints involved in designing integrated facades are:∙ Energy efficient glass are generally more

expensive than the regular glass material used.

Office building off BKC , Mumbai – use of high performance coloured reflective glass façade with ‘ aluminium screen ‘

sun cutter in south and south west creates the design with performance


∙ With the tangible benefits of high performance glasses, clients tend to overlook the extra costs as life cycle costs.

∙ Usage of traditional methods like building blocks and mud walls has its own pros and cons. Being a suited material for its insulating properties, due to poor applicators there could be chances of leakages.

∙ Selection of less efficient HVAC technologies due to lack of comparative analysis, higher initial cost and space constraints.

∙ Solar energy is trending but comes with the following constraints:o Space consumption is higher than the

power generation.o Life span being 7-10 years, owners may

have to replace the panels often, which may not seem practical.

o This makes it difficult or less feasible to incorporate solar panels in large scale commercial or residential projects.

o With time the efficiency of the solar panels reduces, thus adding energy load on the building.

Mixed Use, Udaipur – fusion of local architectural vocabulary inspired elements with modern façade technology

Residential Project, Ranchi: design strategy of using terraces as sun breaker and add aesthetics and utility

Conclusion

Façades, being interface between interior and exterior of a building, can do multiple things for creating an energy efficient building. The Building façade has played a very vital role right from historical times to the modern times for daylighting and energy conservation. We are fortunate to have a rich architectural history as our platform and exposure to modern technology and material for construction of façade and fenestration systems. I think we have to acknowledge and get inspired from the master pieces like Jaisalmer fort which were created 300 years ago with very little modern technology at their disposal.

The use of simulation technology and western worlds advanced façade and fenestration systems along with specialized hardware and sections can help the designers in India to create energy efficient buildings which have desired daylighting. The need of the hour is use of modern technology and customizing it to our local conditions.

Over million VEKA Windows and Doors fitted around the world is a strong testament to VEKA’s unrivaled leadership in design and manufacture of uPVC Profile Systems.

100


Integrated Façades for Energy Conservation and Daylighting

About the Authors:Gurleen Kaur, Designer, HKS - India, attained her masters in Sustainable Building Technology from University of Nottingham, UK. Her goal is to broaden her expertise in the � eld of sustainable technology in future.

Sakshi Jindal, Designer, HKS - India, is a sustainable champion, a LEED Green Associate and an IGBC Accredited Professional. She has worked with dbHMS Consultants pvt ltd. in the past as an intern.

HKS is a worldwide network of professionals, strategically located and working seamlessly as one � rm with individual expertise in design, research and management. A design � rm leader, HKS operates from 25 worldwide of� ces, with India of� ce operating out of Gurgaon. Since its founding in 1939, the � rm has completed construction projects totalling more than $77 billion in over 1,648 cities in 84 foreign countries.

Gurleen Kaur & Sakshi Jindal, Designers, HKS - India.

Tech Talk

‘Integrative’ is the most popular word of this era on a sustainable platform. Be it in any process, function, application, etc., everything is said to be integrative. Owed on a large scale to the construction industry, this is currently a necessity. The participation of people from various sectors is mounting and the approach has to be integrative – a proper collaboration and coordination of all. Even when talking about the façade, it has to be an integrative approach to design, as the façade envelops the building and all of its functions (Figure 1). The façade is a major contributor toward the


overall energy consumption, daylight and well-being of the occupant.

The building is not just an envelope to protect us from the natural occurrences but a filter that will enhance what is desired and reduce what is unwanted. The initial conceptual design phase should be where the designer infuses the climatic characteristics of the region and then proceeds toward invention. Hence, climate is indisputably the most significant aspect in designing a structure. The building envelope, which was conceived to be a barrier first, has its definition reassessed to now be called an energy mediator. This calls for designers to make an energy-conscious design, which will sustain the functioning of the building inside, in accordance with the natural factors outside. To be economically feasible, it is imperative to integrate cooling and heating systems in the building envelope.

The potential for daylighting has been recognized as an energy-efficient design strategy for buildings, which can effectively diminish the supplementary cooling loads and electricity demand. Although this can be achieved by provision of flexible façade designs, dynamic façade mechanisms with one or more shading devices are growing in today’s age. Moreover, this ideology is not restricted solely to the

Fig.1: Integrative approach

Double-skin façade

MANAGER/ENHANCE

HUMAN COMFORT

MinimizeMaximize

soil washing

bioremediation

phytoremediation

native flora

CO2 scrubbing concrete

building orientation

wind tower

sheerwind turbine

cross ventilation

stack ventilation

trombe wall

ventilated concrete slab

thermal energy storage

water wall

roof pond

earthen berm

night puge

solar panels

flexible pv film

photovolatic glazing

expansive roof

dynamic shading

vegetative shading

water bodies/features

constructed wetlands

air well

fog fence

MinimizeMaximize

Conditioned Space

Landscape Design

Habitat reconstruction

MICROCLIMATE

WIND

THERMAL

SOLAR

WATER

Thermal mass

Rain water collection

Condensation collection

Pollution Reduction

Solar Energy

Daylighting Control

Water Retension

Wind

Event Potential

Comfort Hours

Impervious Surface

Wind Capture

Solar Capture

Water Capture

Revenue

HOMEOSTASIS


materials (PCM). They rely on the method of absorbing and releasing the heat when the material changes its state. This technique paves the way for futuristic architectural opportunities, as they can be integrated in façades and wall panels for new, as well as existing, construction. These are usually coupled with ventilated façades. The efficacy

Fig.2: Capital One Bank Headquarters: Tysons Corner, VA, Annual Daylight Useful Illuminance Diagram

design of façades. With current development, it also depends upon the shading effect due to neighbouring buildings (Figure 2)

Brise soleil is a simple, yet effective, concept integrated on façades and fenestrations. Its major role is to deflect sunlight, thus reducing heat gain. This concept involves use of numerous sun-shading devices, placed at an angle, to deflect the direct sun rays.

Unglazed transpired solar façade is another type of façade design that acts as a heating system without storing excessive heat in the wall. This type of design eradicates the use of glazing on façades, and along with being cost-effective, it is also very suitable for retrofitting.

Breathing membranes, or more technically called a double-skin façade, is a solution pertaining to passive ventilation in buildings. The well-known stack effect can also be linked to this

type of façade. This double skin façade is an answer to the building that fails to harness the natural wind through simple fenestration layouts on vertical surfaces of the building.

In improving the thermal performance of the building, there is another very interesting and important phenomenon known as phase change

Regulation on the transfer of heat and daylight from outdoors to indoors

Annual Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) Diagram Main Lobby

3’ Extruded Louvers at 3’ Intervals Average UDI: 47%

VRE1-46

VUE1-30Solarban 72

N


Fig.4: Transfer of heat and daylight from outdoors to indoors

of these façades is directly proportional to the energy storage and energy release, which, in turn, is linked to the climate.

In terms of materials, lightweight concrete walls are lighter and comparatively faster to construct. Autoclaved aerated concrete block is one such example. These are thermally insulating materials and due to their quick installation, are widely used in high-rise structures.

With the help of the tools we have, we can make this process less tedious and more integrative and accurate. Architects and engineers can monitor the overall performance of the building from the design phase and can monitor any required change with parametric modelling. Modelling and coordinating a project at an early stage for its efficient working and comfortable indoor environment holds true, as per

popular saying of “better safe than sorry.”

“Dynamism” is another word that’s being recited on the larger platform as being responsive to nature. This is a façades that changes its colour, orientation of fins and behaviours of opening as per the requirement of the indoors in reaction to outdoor sun, wind, air quality, etc. – like the skin of a living

being that protects all of the internal organs from the foreign contamination and transfers only what a body needs. Dynamism and intelligent integration of computation, design and engineering can bring us closer to having such an efficient façade (Figure 3). Every organism’s outer shell behaves in a required way to keep that organism comfortable in that environment. Following the similar principle on the outer shell of buildings is popularly known as biomimicry.

Regulation on the transfer of heat and daylight from outdoors to indoors for achieving energy efficiency is important (Figure 4). Together with this, the way the envelope effects the outdoors is also very important. Knowingly or unknowingly, buildings contribute toward the heat-island effect with changes to the microclimate of that region, which, in turn, can increase the demand of energy inside a building.

Baseline Insolation Analysis Impact of Fritted Vertical Fins on SHG

Fig.3: Capital One Bank Headquarters: Tysons Corner, VA

Gradient Frit Pattern Generated from solar studies

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Optimising Façade Designs for Wind Loads

shows that Asia alone accounts for more 70 per cent of high buildings, which are above +200 m, globally.

With early involvement of façade engineering expertise, savings can be made through coordination of the structural design. Added value can be achieved with a façade design that is sympathetic to the local environment, that meets the performance parameters and maximises a developments overall value.

Advanced engineering methods should be considered when optimising the façade design for wind loads. These include

About the Author:

Adarsh Raina is one of Ramboll’s specialist façade engineers, with

over 11 years of experience in feasibility, design, analysis and

construction of building envelopes. He has worked extensively on high

value projects in the Middle East, India, Africa and Europe. Adarsh’s

commitment to realising the architectural intent with optimised

façade solutions has been instrumental to delivering successful

solutions across a broad range of projects from airports, to high rise

residential and commercial towers and hotels. He enjoys working on

projects with challenging geometry and delivers optimized solutions

using his experience and the latest modelling techniques. Adarsh is

part of Ramboll’s specialist façades team, who are located in the UK,

Italy, the Middle East and Denmark.

Adarsh Raina, Principal Engineer, Façades, Ramboll

Tech Talk

A façade typically represents 30 per cent of the total development cost. The taller and more complex the building becomes, the figures escalate. A key component of the cost is the thickness of glass, framing members and size of brackets – all which are largely dictated by the wind loads that the building is subjected to.

In today’s world, tall buildings dominate the skyline thus defining the prosperity of any modern city. Over the last two decades, the number of tall buildings over 200m in height has increased by 352 per cent (Reference CTBHU Research) and is growing. An estimate

wind tunnel testing and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The application and benefits of these methods are discussed in the context of two case studies: Port Baku Towers 2 in Azerbaijan and Mitre Square in London.

The Challenge

Wind pressure assessment is a key parameter when designing the façade. The accurate prediction of wind pressure becomes more critical while dealing with complex and high rise structures. It not only helps to mitigate wind induced damages, such as broken glass and failure of the façade


Creechurch Place - optimising the façade design for wind loads

a façade design in terms of safety and economics. While dealing with complex and tall buildings, it is always recommended to use a scaled wind tunnel test as results have shown that the wind loads calculated based on codes can be too conservative

structure or components, but also directly correlates to the initial high capital cost of the façade.

Accurate prediction of wind pressures are essential at an early stage of a development to ensure the feasibility of

compared to wind tunnel tests and potentially lead to higher façade costs.

In case of tall and complex buildings, CFD wind simulations should be considered in the earlier stages to assess the risk associated with the desired architectural intent. It provides façade engineers sufficient information to calculate the façade system structure based on localised pressures rather than the overall pressure.

The movements and deformations that need to be considered while designing the façade include differential column shortening, lateral story drift, building racking, slab and beam edge deflections and building vibrations.

Strong collaboration between the façade engineer and the structural engineer becomes a priority to ensure the façade performs as intended. A lack of coordination can have significant impact; failure modes may include panel fallout, connection failure, excessive rotation of glass within the framing, and irregular joints.

To accommodate high inter-story drift due to high wind and seismic loads, customisation of the façade system may be required in some cases with wider vertical joints and stiffer profiles. These considerations are explored further in the case studies that follow.


Case Study 1

Port Baku Tower 2

model of the development. Pressures were determined for each façade elevation. The results were quite challenging

The original development comprised of 2 towers (240m and 100m), a 4 storey podium with shopping facilities and multi storey underground car park. The complex façade geometry mainly comprises of a curved unitised curtain wall along the south face resulting in a spectacular skylight over the main entrance area. In all there were 12 different façade typologies that where defined and designed accordingly.

Considering the complex geometry, there were initial challenges involved in determining the wind loads for the façade elements. This was resolved by conducting wind tunnel testing on a scaled

Fig.1: Port Baku Tower 2

as wind pressures were shown to be in excess of 4.0 kPa at podium levels and up to -7.5 kPa for the main tower areas. These high magnitude wind pressures resulted in bespoke design of façade system elements. A unitised façade system was developed to overcome problems associated with the installation of a stick system and reduce on-site installation time. Coordination at an early stage with the structural consultant resulted in an agreement on the allowable building movements, deflection and structural tolerances. Slab edge deflections for the structure where limited to 1.5mm/1m length for dead load to reduce


any potential racking façade panel units. The vertical and horizontal joint widths of the units as well as restraints were designed to accommodate all the building movements and prevent any potential rotation of panels. The designed joints between the units were also assessed taking into consideration the worst case scenario to accommodate the movement resulting from the inter-storey drift, considering the limit of H/300 to the peak high magnitude wind load/Seismic loads.

Challenges also involved designing unique façade brackets due to the complex geometry and high wind loads. The special bracket was designed to safely transfer the loads back to the main structure without compromising the structural integrity of the façade system.

Fig.4: Rotation of units due to slab edge deflection with and without horizontal restraints and horizontal racking.

Project: Port Baku Tower 2Location: Baku, AzerbaijanArchitect: Chapman Taylor ArchitectsFaçade Types: Curved Unitised FaçadeSolid Rainscreen CladdingLouvered Façade Storefront Façade Podium Terrace Standing Seam Roofing SystemSkylight Status: Re-design

QUICK FACTS

Fig.2: Wind Tunnel test model (above) Test Results (below)

Fig.3: Generic Façade Details

Notes:1. All values presented are in kPa2. All pressures stated are working pressures and need to be

applied in conjuction with the appropriate code-compliant wind loading combination factors.

3. For architectural features of the proposed development, where both sides of surfaces are exposed to the wind such as parapets, canopies and roofs, cladding pressure are assessed as peak differential pressures (resulting net wind force. All other areas are assessed as peak net pressures, which incorporated internal pressures

4. Geometries presented in red indicates the louvers on the proposed development

5. Geometries presented are in Full scale measurements in units of mm

Peak Net & Differential Facades/Cladding Negative Pressures


which comprised of air intake through the transom joint and of air outlet staggered through perforated parts in the mullions creating hidden vents. This design allowed for a reduction in external pressures by ventilation (pressure equalised system) and significantly reducing potential water ingress.

Even though every unit has been fitted with an operable full height window, the air leakage could be reduced to a very low ratio, way below the usual requirements. This could be achieved using standard window components comprising triple gaskets with multi-lock ironmongery in combination with the external laminated glass which

reduced the stress on the inner construction.

Early involvement of specialised high rise façade engineering can not only significantly reduce the overall façade investment, through identifying the need for and carrying out methods such as wind tunnel testing and / or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), but can also deliver considerable benefits in terms of performance and appearance. Ultimately leading to a conducive environment for its occupants and adding value to the overall scheme.

Creechurch Place

CFD model for Wind Pressure Assessment

Results of CFD analysis for Wind Pressure Assessment

Project: Creechurch Place Location: London, UKArchitect: Sheppard Robson ArchitectsFaçade Types: Unitised Façade, double Skin with Vertical Fins Long Span Double Height Glazing Louvered Façade Link Bridge Structurally Bonded Double Glazing Status: under Construction

QUICK FACTS

Creechurch Place is a 96 m tall office building. The façade mainly comprises of double skin curtain wall, which incorporates automated blind system within the cavity and inner operable leaf for cleaning and maintenance access. There were 15 different façade typologies which have been defined and designed accordingly. CFD analysis has been used by the façade engineering team to determine initial cladding loads and enable more detailed pressure maps to the established elevations compared to code calculations. The units have been designed by means of temperature analysis in the ventilated cavity,

Case Study 2

Creechurch Place


“Our Customer’s Faith is Our Strength”

Mario Schmidt, Director, Lingel Windows and Doors

Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Industry Speaks

India has taken a leap in fenestration product technology. Use of alternate materials such as UPVC and aluminium instead of traditional wood not only furthers green initiatives but reduces costs in the long run. Lingel, a German based veteran and one of the leading manufacturers of high quality doors and windows in Europe, entered Indian market in the year 2006 with Mario Schmidt at its helm. With a meagre workforce and little experience of the nascent Indian market, it wasn’t a cakewalk for the company and Mario to reach where they are now. Mario Schmidt, Director, Lingel Windows and Doors, shares the details of his

journey of 10 years in the Indian sub-continent, growth of his company and the industry, their newly launched product and his company’s future plans with WFM.

WFM: Please give us a brief background of your group and your products?

Mario Schmidt (MS): Lingel is a family owned company. We started our operation in Germany in 1959. We came to India exactly 10 years ago, in April 2006, with our UPVC window products. Recently we have introduced a new set of products: our high-end Aluminium windows and doors.

In Germany, we launched the best and a very wide range of products including various types of windows and doors, window and door accessories like insect nets, hardware, and roller shutters. Our product list includes types of glass including laminated glass, tempered glass, insulated glass, bent glass, sound control glass, burglar resistant glass, and more. We had also introduced all kinds of façades and other possible items related to façades and fenestration in the German Market. We found that these products were very well adopted and had great demand in German market. Hence

Great Lakes Institute, Chennai by Pradeep & Varsha Verma Architect


decided to bring them to India. That’s how we launched the high-end Aluminium doors and windows in Indian market. Moreover, when we launched our product here, there were already three or four brands who had come up with similar products in the market.

WFM: How did you foray in to this industry?

MS: After completing my education, I was in search of fortune. A new factory manufacturing windows came up in my n eighbourhood, in my home town Saxony, Germany. This was in 1994 and I just had completed my education in mechanical sciences. I had great interest in learning more about manufacturing of windows and various aspects associated with it. I started working in this factory. That is how my association with window industry started.

In 2005, Lingel was searching for experts to start their uPVC Window business in India and I joined the company. I came to India in 2006 and established the business for our company here. Now I have reached at the conclusion that the company and me are ‘made for each other’.

WFM: Now you are grown in to one of the largest players in window systems in India. How did you achieve this?

MS: I presume that we entered the Indian market at

the right time. People had no knowledge about uPVC windows and we introduced this new concept and system. For us, as a fabricator, we had the advantages of being here at the right time. Our management too provided full support to introduce our systems in India. This helped us to reinvest and work extensively. All the system providers like Veka, Kommerling, Fenesta and Rehau were just entering the market then. We expanded our market starting from Delhi and Chennai, entering Bangalore and then to most of the other cities in India. Our network is spread nationwide now. Rather than selling through dealers, our employees sell the products directly since it requires a lot of technical knowledge to explain the products and its proper installation. Hence we train our employees on the technical aspects and they deal directly with the buyer. But in smaller

cities, we are working with dealer network too.

We believe in direct selling even though we have a well-connected network of dealers all over India. We always want to be as close as possible associated with our dealers. We train our employees to be resourceful, and provide them with all the necessary training in technical aspects. For selling the product, one need to have thorough knowledge of its technical aspects. We focus on maximum satisfaction and happiness of our customer.

WFM: Please tell me about the growth of your company and the Industry.

MS: The Company and the window industry has seen the same growth curves in the past years. In 2006 it was a 600 crore industry and from there, in 2015, the industry has grown to a 1500 crore industry. That is, the growth was three and a

Residence for Kiran Reddy, Chennai; Architect: Vivendis - Sunil.


Amara Avana, AR Foundation, Chennai

half times. Our company is also growing at the same pace.

WFM: We understand that the builders and home owners have not accepted uPVC as much as wood or Aluminium. What is the reason for this?

MS: It is not true if you consider the entire sub-continent. It may be true for Delhi or northern India. But in Bangalore and other south Indian states, uPVC is being used widely. People in states like Goa and Kerala has realized that wood is not the right product which can be used for the kind of climate in those places. In places like Chennai, people have adopted uPVC in a big way. In high-end houses, instead of wood, people have started using wood finish uPVC windows. From a distance 10 feet no one can make out whether it is a wooden window or wood-finish uPVC window.

WFM: Tell us about uPVC and Aluminium in India and about your sales too?

MS: uPVC windows were introduced in India just 12 years back. In February 2016, uPVC Window and Door Manufacturers Association (UWDMA) introduced guideline for uPVC windows. uPVC window fabrication and installation need to be done carefully. Many inferior quality products are being sold in the market and lack of knowledge in fabrication and installation of uPVC window has given a

disrepute to the industry many a times. Though it is a greener and stronger material than aluminium, it is not accepted as much. Steel Reinforced uPVC profiles are strong because of the steel, but will not rust like steel.

In India, the sector is much unorganized. Aluminium systems can be manufactured locally, and they may not be following any specific standard or guideline for quality. These small scale window manufacturers sell their products at a cheaper rate and the quality of their products are very low. Many architects and contractors purchased windows from local vendors. But in the case of uPVC windows, the brands manufacture them in factories, following certain quality checks. Because of the above said reasons, branded uPVC windows available in the market are reliable.

Aluminium products can be of high quality with good system

engineering. Such products cost much more than locally available products. Now the concerned organizations and companies should come forward and spread knowledge on System Aluminium and its benefits rather than looking at just cost of the product which is a simple aluminium system.

In unorganized sector, no one gives guarantee or warranty to the products, neither assures quality. But when you are buying system aluminium from USA, Germany, UK or from India, all the features like window measurements, quality of components and standards are very well specified. The drawings of profile sections also explains the measurements. When you buy such products, it gives a guarantee that the system is tested and it is compiled to some standards with proper guidelines. System Aluminium Windows are new entry in the market and we want to take this opportunity to present the


Aashish Foundation, Chennai; Architect- Natraj & Venkat

product to the clients and end users in the right way. We do not want to repeat the mistake happened in uPVC sector, by allowing low quality product from local fabricators infesting the market and finally losing faith on the product itself. The challenge is to train the fabricators to understand the technicality of the system Aluminium products and installing systems properly.

10 years ago uPVC was a new concept. Still it is in nascent stage. We still advise that uPVC is the best system for India because of its insulation properties, which helps preventing heat and noise inside.

WFM: Please tell us about your company’s strengths? How do you compete with the local vendors who supply cheaper products?

MS: Local vendors are definitely a challenge, but we get a mileage in giving proper information and support to our

customers. We promise service up to 10 years after installing our products. These kind of long term services are not provided by local vendors. This helps to build faith and that is our strength. Because of this, all our customers come back to us and we are getting repeated customers all over the country.

WFM: Please tell us about your diverse product portfolio? Are your systems designed in-house?

MS: In the past 10 years we have progressed a lot in in-house designing and manufacturing Systems, especially the hardware. Initially the products were designed and manufactured in Germany, which was not suitable for the harsh Indian climate. And this had an impact on the product’s cost also. Moreover, the products had the tendency to rust when used in coastal areas. So we started designing and manufacturing systems

in India which are suitable for the conditions here. Started manufacturing our own series in which all the hardware are made of steel SS 304 and SS 316 for coastal areas since it is rust free. At times, as and when there is a necessity, we put together or combine our various systems so that it provides the best benefit for the customer. They can make advantage out of all our products and experience the best of our engineering. The customer gets the best of windows made of best profiles and hardware. The components are fabricated in the right way.

WFM: What are the major special features of your products? And how is your product unique compared to other products available in the market?

MS: Whatever the customer is looking for in windows, we have a solution for the same. We are the only one uPVC fabrication company manufacturing 90 degree corner opening sliding doors.

Further, we provide1. Wonderful security rid

solutions 2. A great range in double

shutter windows and doors3. Unique dust and noise

reduction solutions to our customer.

4. In-built air purifiers affixed to our windows

We always try to be one step ahead of others in product


Amara Akasha - AR Foundation, Chennai

designs, innovation and technologies. Our research and development of products are exceptionally good.

WFM: How do you assure quality check and quality control?

MS: We follow ISO 2008 9001 quality assurance in our products. For us, the quality is customer satisfaction at any point of time.

WFM: Who are your major customers?

MS: We had, in the last financial year, 1500 individual customers. Most of our projects are villas and bungalows and houses for independent customers. We are not focusing on developer market but on retail.

We do work for few developers, like Puri Construction in Delhi, AR foundation in Chennai and GINA Engineering in Bangalore, etc. – all of them are our long-time associates. We work with developers who accepts quality products and that is our policy.

WFM: Please tell us about your manufacturing capacity of your facility?

MS: Our fabrication facility in Bhiwadi in Rajasthan. It is centrally located and helps us to ensure the quality of our products and this is one of the biggest facility and have huge capacity. In the last financial year

we have made 46,000 uPVC window units. We have utilized only 60 percent of our capacity.

WFM: Please tell us about your window designs?

MS: We have our own design centres. But mostly, in projects, the architect decides the design and we ensure that our products satisfies the architect’s needs and the design criteria and ensure that it is technically correct

When it is a retrofit project, we advise our customers in the right way regarding insulation, sound proofing and the quality of the components of the windows. My team is technically very well trained and could give the best advice and solutions to the customer. If we go wrong somewhere, we do replace and provide the correct solutions too.

We do case studies to understand the demand of

the customer. Based on the requirement and demand of the customer we design and assemble the windows. Thus our windows are all custom made.

WFM: What is your future outlook for the year 2020?

MS: By 2020 we want to market our aluminium products at the same level as our uPVC products. We have to put all our efforts towards the same. At present, the Aluminium windows are pre-fabricated at our factory in Germany and assembled in India.

Our aim is to be the best in the industry. We are recommended by many architects and all our customer.

We also look forward to publications like yours to spread knowledge and it is a wonderful platform for the same.


Cover Story

Façade & Fenestration is often considered the biggest hurdle in achieving higher levels of energy ef� ciency in buildings. Buildings have evolved from being predominantly passive systems to having high levels of internal control due to addition of man-made materials. With increase in arti� cial lighting in buildings in the 20th century, the size of fenestrations reduced signi� cantly as also dependency on them. They now occupy only about 15 to 20 percent of wall surface area and play many roles including supplying daylight, providing views, acting as ventilators, noise and heat insulators and glare protectors. Windows not only add to aesthetics, but are also a signi� cant component of heating and cooling costs.

Building owners opt for the most ef� cient façade and fenestration system which contributes to energy conservation, there by operational costs. The aim of this article is to give an insight into integrated façade systems which provide ample daylighting and at the same time help in achieving energy conservation. We have here, views from experts in the industry.

Smart FaçadesResponsive Designs for Optimal Day Lighting & Energy Conservation


The performance of windows, walls, ceilings, and other building components determine the energy cost as well as the size of the heating and cooling equipment. Therefore, while energy-efficient windows cost more initially, savings on energy bills coupled with a reduction in purchase price of heating and cooling system can offset initial capital cost.

“Primary elements of the building envelop affecting energy performance of the building are roof, walls, openings and shading devices. Today, these are designed as just elevations, cosmetic in nature and not actively designed in response to climate. We need to have a thoughtful design approach while designing the building envelop to make the building more energy efficient”, says Ar. Vivek Bhole, Chairman & Managing Director, Vivek Bhole Architects Pvt. Ltd.

According to Sanjeev Sharma, Architect & Owner of Orionn

Architects, in the conceptual design phase of a building, designs and selection of façades and fenestration systems play a crucial role in determining building performance.

A façade can be designed to restrict heat flow, trapping conditioned cool air, and simultaneously catering for natural ventilation. Façades today are designed after a lot of research and study. Sun path analysis is conducted for selection of the right type of glazing. Spandrel panels are designed in ways to avoid glare.

In some cases, sun-breakers are integrated in the façade to cut off heat and allow diffused light to pass through.

The design of an efficient façade or fenestration begins by defining Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for the building depending on its location in one of five climatic zones within India. For a tropical country, consideration of basic passive solar design criteria such as orientation, optimization of window wall ratio (WWR), solar shading etc. can greatly reduce building envelope related heat

Ar. Vivek Bhole, Chairman & Managing Director,

Vivek Bhole Architects Pvt. Ltd.

Sanjeev Sharma, Architect & Owner of

Orionn Architects

Architects Oscar Concessao & Ponni Concessao,

Oscar & Ponni Architects, Chennai

Arjun Srinivasan, Director,

ECUBE WINDOORS

Innovative facade design - A project by Ar. Vivek Bhole


Vivek Gupta, Architect, Arvind Vivek & Associates,

New Delhi

Saket Jain, Business Head, Fenesta Building Systems

Amit Kembhavi, Associate Vice President, DSP Design Associates

Mahesh Londhe, Manager - Production & Technical

Support, VEKA India Pvt. Ltd.

loads, says Arjun Srinivasan, Director, ECUBE WINDOORS. Design refinement supported by sun path analysis and energy modelling with the selected KPIs can further validate choices of material and design. Selection of façade and fenestration framing Systems (uPVC or thermally broken aluminium) along with low emissivity glass further reduce heat gain through the building façade and fenestration, he adds.

It is important to choose the appropriate window for a building, taking into consideration

thermal performance of the window and its impact on cooling and heat load of the building. Façades design focuses on occupant comfort, depending on the locale and the need. Architects Ponni Concessao & Oscar Concessao, Oscar & Ponni Architects, Chennai, opine that improved high-performance window systems are critical to converting windows into the role of zero energy building components.

Heat flow and energy lost through openings in buildings, especially homes, is very

high. About 37 per cent of interior energy loss is through fenestration. However, introduction of sealed double glazed windows to reduce heat transfer and optimize emission of solar radiation led to the adoption of larger fenestrations in commercial and residential buildings, says Vivek Gupta, Architect, Arvind Vivek & Associates, New Delhi.

Windows are now being increasingly seen as one of the most important areas in the envelope of a building to prevent energy loss. Window profiles made of low thermal conductive material like uPVC can go a long way in reducing transfer of heat thus saving up to 20 to 25 per cent electricity, says Saket Jain, Business Head, Fenesta Building Systems.

In a window, glass occupies about 75 per cent area. Hence high performance glasses play a very important role in energy conservation, allowing optimum light transmission during the daytime. Installation of such high ASF Insignia, Gurgaon by Sikka Associate Architects


Infosys, Mangalore by Architect Hafeez Contractor

end systems requires equally good techniques. Special sealing materials such as expansion foam, expansion tape, sealing tape along with silicon sealant must be used for best insulation, says Mahesh Londhe, Manager - Production & Technical Support, VEKA India Pvt. Ltd. Window design with minimum number of transoms, mullions or couplings allow more area for glass, he adds.

Relation of Materials to Energy Savings

A successful envelope is one that combines both the beauty of the architect’s vision while being energy efficient. It is a combination that ensures a quality building that will endure for years. Strategic selection of materials for facades and fenestration can help reduce heat gains as per the design requirement. Energy performance of a building and choice of energy efficient windows dependent on glazing type, number of glazing, frame materials, shading, and window orientation. It is essential

to take into consideration all factors while deciding on which window is best and most cost-effective to suit present and future needs. Energy consumption could reduce up to 70 per cent through the use of effective thermal insulation. A single pane of glass can lose almost 10 times as much heat as the same area of insulated wall. Ar. Sharma prefers fibre glass over aluminium from the energy perspective.

In order to design buildings that provide comfort with less energy use, we should understand

properties of the envelope materials. Different building materials have different thermal conductivities and specific heat capacities, influencing thermal performance. Efficiency of the envelope is measured by its ability to provide a shield from the outdoor environment and conserve energy.

Amit Kembhavi, Associate Vice President, DSP Design Associates points out the benefits of energy-efficient windows including smaller energy bills, smaller carbon footprint and comfortable building space. Energy-efficient glazing reduces heat loss through windows with fewer draughts and cold spots. Efficient windows also add to peace and quiet, insulating the space from external noise.

They also reduce condensation build-up on the inside of windows.

Cost savings for energy-efficient glazing will be different for

Ravi Panjwani, Managing Director, Yantra Aluminium Window

Systems Pvt Ltd.

Raman Sikka, Principal Architect, Sikka Associates


Citilights IT Park At Navallur, Chennai by Oscar Ponni Architects

each building space and each window, depending on its size, material and the installer you choose. According to Ar. Kembhavi, double glazing should last for 20 years or more.

Raman Sikka, Principal Architect, Sikka Associates observes that as energy consciousness grows, the benchmark for building energy performance is getting more stringent.

Façade Design Techniques for Optimal Energy Savings

Varied cladding options are now available which give good light transmission combined with less heat transfer, says Ravi Panjwani, Managing Director, Yantra Aluminium Window Systems Pvt Ltd. Specialized fenestration solution with forced natural ventilation can also support the cause to a major extent, he adds.

According to Ar. Amit Kembhavi of DSP Design Associates, design techniques can optimise energy conservation. Some of them are as enumerated below.

Use of solar gains: For tropical locations, solar energy can be utilized effectively if the buildings façades are oriented due south. Façades should be designed, considering solar path in winter and summer. If the façade is covered by windows and PV modules in equivalent proportion, then a large glazing

area is achieved. This glazing area (nearly 46 per cent of the south façade) interacts directly with the rooms which are permanently occupied and provide natural light and heat to these spaces.

Louver shading devices: A louvered shading device, placed in the south east façade of the building, reduces sun gain in summer while allowing ventilation.

Green roo� ng: Green roofing, with rooftops covered by grasses or plants over a waterproof membrane, is regarded as the best method of insulation. It also helps in greening the environment, producing oxygen, regulating air temperature, etc.

Indirect radiant cooling: Indirect radiant cooling occurs due to the net emission of electromagnetic waves from warm to cool objects. The process continues until both the objects reach the same temperature.

Natural lighting and natural ventilation: A central skylight has to be the fundamental light distributor. Thus its location and dimension play an important role, as also vents in doors which communicate from north and south spaces to the corridor and glazing areas over the entire building envelope. Adoptions of these features in building design drastically reduce the power consumption. Natural cross ventilation is provided with the help of openings at façade and roof level.

Integrated Photovoltaic- Thermal (IPVT) systems: In addition to the direct solar gains through the windows, IPVT systems, integrated in the south façade of the building, can improve indoor climate. During summer, heat released in daytime hours in the process of converting solar energy to power can be successfully recovered. In winters, air can be heated and circulated in the room by the IPV-T. This air can


1. Reducing the internal heat gain

a) Use of cut-off lobbies and buffer spaces to avoid the temperature losses.

b) Designing shapes and curves of roof and wall to reduce heat gain.

c) Use of insulation.

d) Using light coloured materials for external walls and roofs.

e) Use of materials with higher Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) values. In hot climates, select materials with SRI above 50.

f) Proper selection of materials with low U-value, good insulation etc. for the building envelope, to reduce heat gain.

g) Heat transmission is greater through glass than through opaque walls. Therefore use of high performance glazing, shading can have a significant effect. Use of low-emitting glazing (low-e), solar control glazing etc. can reduce cooling load.

h) Shading in office glass building reduces solar heat entering the office via the windows and prevents overheating in summer. It also reduces glare, improving the visual comfort in the working spaces.

2. Lighting strategies for energy ef� ciency

a) Use of internal or external fixed shading devices mounted on the building façade. There are many types of fixed shading devices such as horizontal overhangs, vertical fins, combination of horizontal and vertical elements, balconies, and internal elements like louvers and light-shelves.

b) Optical fibre lighting, using a single light source for servicing a number of lighting points, can be used for decorative lighting.

3. Using renewable energy systems, like solar photovoltaics, to meet part of building load

(Inputs: Ar. Vivek Bhole, Chairman & Managing Director, Vivek Bhole Architects Pvt. Ltd)

Factors That Can Reduce Energy Consumption in Buildings

by measuring its U-value. Lower the U-Factor, better the insulating value. Insulating glass can reduce the thermal conductivity of a glazed window by half. Use of multiple glazing layers, with gas/air gaps, has become a cost effective way to reduce thermal conductivity. Low conductive gases like Argon are most effective. Use of Low emissivity (low-e) coatings is another method of reducing conductance. This would eliminate internal radiative heat transfers by absorbing infrared radiations.

Heat is also lost around the edges of the glass and through window frames, points out Saket Jain of Fenesta. Thus, the total amount of heat that passes through the window depends on the number of glass panes, the type of gas that fills the cavities between the panes, performance of the low-e coating(s), and the design and material of the window frame.

reach temperature as high as 30°C.

Insulation: Passive design must include insulation to reduce heat transfer throughout the building envelope. It helps to maintain the room cool during summer and warm during winters. Insulation is used in walls, ceilings and floors.

Therefore, five steps to an optimized building envelope are: 1. Understand the building’s energy profile 2. Find the best glazing ratio & location 3. Investigate shading 4. Investigate materiality and 5. Design & iterate.

Reducing Thermal Conductance

Thermal conductance of a window can be determined

Chandigarh International Airport by Sikka Associate Architects


Till recently, fully high performing sliding door & window were not available since sliding systems with satisfying performances in terms of thermal transmittance and air/water tightness didn’t exist in Indian markets. Systems like the sliding sash which could satisfy the highest demands in terms of comfort and lifestyle are now available.

Some of the important system specifications for end users are as follows.∙ Thermal insulation: Uw = 1.78 W/m2 K and below∙ Water tightness of 1050Pa ∙ Air tightness Class A4 ∙ Noise reduction 40dB ∙ Wind resistance of 3000Pa equal to gusting at 260kph

∙ Intrusion security class 2

European experts in hardware created a new profile geometry by use of gaskets as a sealing system with profiled groove, which could meet high performance demands similar to a casement system.

The option to fit locking components to all sides of the sash vastly increases the intrusion resistance of the window. Fittings, mechanisms and locking systems designed by experts, when combined with ad hoc profiles developed by major profile manufacturers worldwide, offer the fabricator a sliding system which is air tight, thermally and acoustically insulated, and secure against intrusion like a high quality swing window or door installation.

In any system, longitudinal heat losses, accounting for 25% of losses, are eliminated by incorporating a thermal break into the profiles. But, the thermal break alone is not enough to guarantee top performance in terms of thermal insulation.

In practice, heat insulation is compromised between the outer frame rail and the inner frame rail where the thermal break is not maintained. Accordingly, a special device, designed to maintain the thermal break all the way around the perimeter of the frame, is incorporated.

A special device is installed centrally on the upper and lower rails of the frame. With this arrangement, the frame incorporates a continuous thermal break perfectly aligned with the sashes thermal break.

The centrally positioned special device is designed to join up the thermal breaks of the frame in different planes, thereby establishing a continuous longitudinal thermal insulation barrier. In effect, the special device thermal break is not conventionally rectilinear, but segmented to create a “Z” profile. In short, the device creates a fully effective thermal break in the longitudinal direction.

(Inputs from Ravi Panjwani, Managing Director & Fenestration Specialist, Yantra Aluminium Window Systems Private Limited)

Incorporating Thermal Break into Pro� les

U-factor of about 0.27, while the best triple-glazed windows have a whole-window U-factor of about 0.17.

Optimising Daylighting and Thermal Comfort

A good day lighting design can save up to 75 per cent of the energy used for lighting. Daylighting design seeks to enhance a building’s interior illumination through direct, diffused and reflected lighting approaches, observes Oscar & Ponni Architects and Arjun Srinivasan. For effective day lighting, it is important to know end use of the spaces, requirements, building positioning and local climate patterns. “Design your building in a way that electric light should complement the daylight and daylight should be used as the primary source of illumination”, says Sanjeev Sharma.

Window size, orientation, thermal properties of glass material and Shading devices are for factors that determine energy consumption says Bhole.

Ar. Bhole observes that controlling sun penetration through windows is essential to achieve energy-efficient window design. When attempting to shade a window, the azimuth and altitude of the sun and also the horizontal and vertical shadow angles relative to the window plane need to be considered. These can be

Single glazing is a very poor insulator, with an R-value of about 1 (equivalent to U-1). Increasing the number of panes in a window improves the insulating value of the window. Clear double glazing has an R-value of about 2 (U-0.5),

and clear triple glazing has an R-value of about 3 (U-0.33), explains Ar. Oscar. R values can be further improved by including one or two low-e coatings and an inert gas fill between the panes. Best double-glazed windows have a whole-window


Light pipes: They are physical structures used for transporting or distributing natural or artificial light to the locations that are away from the source with a minimum loss of light. They are also often called tubular day lighting devices, sun pipes, sun scopes, or daylight pipes. Light pipes are of two types: hollow structures that contain the light with a reflective lining, and transparent solids that contain the light by total internal reflection.

Light shelves: It is a passive architectural device that permits daylight to enter deep into a building. It is placed above eye-level and has a high reflectance upper surface. It shades windows and help reduce window glare, bouncing visible light up towards the ceiling. Light shelves may be interior or exterior; exterior light shelves may also function as sunshades or horizontal projection chajja. External and internal light shelves mounted on the south- and west-facing windows redistribute light into the rooms, reducing the need for electric lighting.

Skylights: A skylight can admit more than three times as much light as a vertical window of the same size. Skylights are light transmitting fenestration (elements filling building envelope openings) forming all, or a portion of, the roof of a building’s space for day lighting purposes.

Technologies for Optimizing Daylighting

calculated for any time if the azimuth and altitude of the sun are known along with Horizontal sun angle (HSA) and Vertical Shading Angle (VSA).

According to Ar. Gupta, it is impossible to “optimize” buildings for good daylighting performance with static window solutions alone since daylight intensity varies dramatically. Size and placement of windows should be based on total energy use of the building and specific requirements for day lighting. Proper external and internal solar shading and window envelope design is essential to optimize visual and thermal comfort, says Ar. Sharma and Mahesh Londhe.

Exterior shading methods, says Ar. Oscar, include parts of the building structure, including balconies, eaves, soffits, window insets, and other architectural features. External shading devices include awnings, louver materials, horizontal shelves, and other types of shading. Interior shading devices include venetian blinds, roller shades, draperies, louver blinds, diffusers, and a variety of other techniques that are classed as “window treatment.” Some shading devices are built into windows.

Oscar and Ponni Architects further point out that solar-responsive design should minimize east windows, skylights and west windows. Any east or west windows should be heavily shaded, and south-facing clerestories should be used instead of skylights. Clerestories should face north in climates that need no heating in the winter.

The amount of daylight available, the occupancy pattern, and the control strategy can all affect energy

An offi ce Building with innovative façade designed by FACET Façade Consultancy


Gufi c Business Highway, Andheri, Mumbai by Vivek Bhole Architects Pvt. Ltd - Front View

Ascendas by DSPDesign Asociates

savings. Electric lights also generate significant heat in a building. By turning off or dimming the lights when not needed, 10 to 20 percent of the cooling energy can be saved in addition to soft savings by way of increased productivity of inhabitants.

A passive solar building design in which the windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer is an ideal design. The key to design a passive solar building is to take advantage of the local climate, performing an accurate site analysis. The windows in such buildings need to have accurate sizes, well placed with glazing, thermal insulation, thermal mass and shading.

Advanced aperture glazing system is one of the latest development in this area.

Solar heated buildings have large areas where glazed aperture, which are used for solar gain. Heat losses during periods of limited solar radiation is the most severe problem that limits passive solar usefulness to favourably oriented sites and moderate climates. Therefore, advanced aperture glazing could make passive solar designs more suitable for northern climates and less dependent upon favourable

building orientation, observes Ar. Sanjeev Sharma. Highly insulating window glazing by use of a vacuum gap and infrared reflective/low emissivity coatings is also one of the best ad effective ways for insulating window glazing.

According to Ravi Panjwani, light pipes, skylights and light shelves can optimise daylighting.

Best Fenestration Installation Practises

There are many potential advantages of daylight in buildings if it is properly controlled and distributed, especially in terms of visual comfort, health, productivity, as well as energy consumption. However, successful organization of the daylight is a complicated task due to the numerous relevant design variables, such as the look of façade, disposition of the structure supporting elements and organization of the internal


rooms, which are specific for each project.

Profile system, glazing combination & Installation technique are the most important points responsible for insulation in windows, says Londhe. Even if one of the above points are neglected, it could lead to a considerable energy loss.

While designing fenestration, many factors have to be evaluated and balanced to ensure the desired levels of thermal, acoustic and visual comfort together with safety, accessibility and aesthetic excellence, says Ar. Vivek Bhole. Openings shall be provided with chajja, louvers, baffles or other shading devices to exclude direct sunlight entering the room as far as possible, he adds.

We can improve the energy efficiency of existing windows by adding storm windows, caulking and weather-stripping, and using window treatments or coverings, says Ar. Oscar. Adding storm windows can reduce air leakage and improve comfort. Caulking and weather-stripping can reduce air leakage around windows. Use caulk for stationary cracks, gaps, or joints less than one-quarter-inch wide, and weather-stripping for building components that move, such as doors and operable windows effectively prevent infiltration, he adds. Though window treatments or coverings can reduce heat loss

in the winter and heat gain in the summer, they aren’t effective at reducing air leakage or infiltration.

In a typical building, window glazing accounts for around 40 per cent of heat gain. By using proper glazing, this heat gain can be reduced by 80 to 90 per cent. Windows can be designed with minimum openable area and transom joints since they are a potential source of heat gain. PVC-U is a non-conductive material and its profiles have multi-chambered design which help in creating a barrier between external and internal environment. It must be fabricated as per manual which takes care of internal water drainage and pressure equalisation so that there is no heat build-up inside the chambers especially in coloured profiles, adds Londhe of VEKA. PVC-U profiles have much lower U-value compared to other fenestration materials. Casement systems made out of these profiles,

especially Tilt and Turn with proper hardware are best suited for such applications. It can be further enhanced by using triple gasket system giving much better heat, sound and dust insulation. In order to have better U-value, the overall depth of the PVC-U frame profile has been increased over the past few years, observes Londhe. Along with the depth the number of internal chambers have also been increased to prevent the heat gain/ loss. As far as India is concerned, we are still using frame depths of around 60-65mm with three chambers in general. Most of the PVC-U profile manufacturers in Europe are using around 82mm depth with seven chambered design. With the bigger frame depth one can accommodate triple glazed systems having double air gaps which are very good for achieving still lower U-values.

In residential, skin-load dominated structures (such as housing) optimum window

SLN Terminus, designed by FACET Façade Consultancy at Hyderabad


Glass: The most energy-efficient type for double glazing is low emissivity (Low-E) glass. This often has an invisible coating of metal oxide, normally on one of the internal panes. This lets in light and heat but cuts the amount of heat that can get out.

Gaps between the glasses: Very efficient windows might use gases such as argon, xenon or krypton in the gap between the sheets of glass.

Pane spacers: These are set around the inside edges to keep the two panes of glass apart. For maximum efficiency, look for pane spacers containing little or no metal – often known as ‘warm edge’ spacers.

Frame materials: For all frame materials there are windows available in all energy ratings.

uPVC frames last a long time and may be recycled. Wooden frames can have a lower environmental impact, but require maintenance. They are often used in conservation areas where the original windows had timber frames. Aluminium or steel frames are slim and long-lasting, and may be recycled. Composite frames have an inner timber frame covered with aluminium or plastic. This reduces the need for maintenance and keeps the frame weatherproof.

Energy rating: Some window manufacturers show the energy efficiency of their products using an energy-rating scale from A to G. The whole window (the frame and the glass) is assessed on its efficiency at retaining heat.

U-values: U-factor measures how well a product prevents heat from escaping a home or building. U-factor ratings generally fall between 0.15 and 1.20. The lower the U-factor, the more energy efficient the window.

Coating used on the glass and the gap between the glass panes are the other aspects to be considered are.

Ventilation: Replacement windows will be more airtight than your original frames, so condensation may build up in your house due to the reduced ventilation. If your house does not have much background ventilation, look for replacement windows with trickle vents incorporated into the frame to let in a controlled amount of ventilation.

If you start to see condensation building up around your windows, there may be a dampness problem in your home. As a general rule, dampness occurs when there is inadequate ventilation, inadequate heating, inadequate insulation or a combination of these. If you’ve started to notice condensation in between the panes of glass in your

double-glazing units, then it is likely that the seal is broken, and the unit need to be replaced.

Air Leakage measures how much outside air comes into a home or building through a product. Air leakage rates typically fall in a range between 0.1 and 0.3. The lower the air leakage, the better a product is at keeping air out.

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) measures how much heat from the sun is blocked. SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. The lower the SHGC, the more a product is blocking solar heat gain.

Visible Transmittance (VT) measures how much light comes through a product. VT is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. The higher the VT, the higher the potential for daylighting.

(inputs by Amit Kembhavi, Associate Vice President, DSP Design Associates; Saket Jain, Business Head, Fenesta Building Systems & www.energysavingtrust.org.uk)

What to look for While Choosing Windows

design and glazing specification can reduce energy consumption from 10 – 50 percent below accepted practice in most climates. In internal-load dominated commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings, properly specified fenestration systems have the potential to reduce lighting and HVAC costs 10 – 40 percent. U-Values, Heat gain coefficients,

transmittance and tints should be explored while choosing a fenestration systems. Window and glazing choices should be considered holistically, advises Ar. Gupta.

Advance fenestration systems called Smart Windows for solar gain and daylight control in which the transmission of solar radiation can be actively controlled do

remain a challenge due to the building thermal load, say Ar. Gupta and Ar.Oscar Concessao. New building technologies such as phase changing materials, active façades with advanced day-lighting devices etc., open up new challenges and possibilities to improve comfort and reduce energy use & help control need of commercial and residential buildings, adds Gupta.


Nilabh Nagar, Senior Associate Architect, Architect Hafeez Contractor

Go for Responsible Façades Which Could Minimize Energy Liability

Nilabh Nagar, Senior Associate Architect, Architect Hafeez Contractor

has keen interest in building technology and use of innovative materials

as well energy conservation in architecture with special focus on

fenestration and lighting. Here is what Ar. Nilabh Nagar has to say about

“Integrated Façades for Energy Conservation and Daylighting”.

WFM: What are the design factors which could optimise daylighting?

Nilabh Nagar (NN): The most important design factor would be the orientation of the opening. But many a times, constraints of site and function do not allow proper orientation. So one needs to adopt other methods. The summer-winter contradiction can best be addressed on the south face only. In east and west façades, the sun comes at low angles and can only be done by cutting off. On the south façade, Simply by having awnings/sun shades to match solar angle for winter and summer as well adjustable louvres can easily get the benefits asked (We have used them in important projects: e.g., Infosys SDB). However the proportion of windows, overhang of balconies in residential

buildings Chajjas, etc., greatly contribute to optimised lighting. We must ensure that window is not too small to create glare. There are softwares available which can calculate the daylighting and glare.

WFM: What are the important aspects to be considered while designing and installing fenestrations?

NN: Light shelf, sun shades, orientation, glass values, are some of the measures which are considered while designing efficient façades. Building geometry plays an important role too. Glare is also important especially in Indian context where one can get exposed to too much light, but blinds increase lighting load.

WFM: How can we improve insulating value of window glazing?

NN: The Performance of coatings in glass have improved over time. Now the best of coated glasses are produced in India. By selective spectrum control, the heat and visual light have been addressed.

Taj Hotel at Santacruz


Double glazed was followed by laminated double glaze and thermal break profiles which ensured that conduction thru metal parts of window do not transmit inside. We now have triple glazed as well having special polycarbonate film as intermediate layer to ensure very little heat transfer. Increasing the airgap is another effective tool. In Taj hotel Project at Santacruz Airport, we have installed double skin façades which will cut off heat.

WFM: Please brief on daylight redirecting technologies such as light pipes, light shelves and skylights that allow natural light to penetrate deep into the building space?

NN: I think that is one of most important technology which should be used widely. We have used light shelves extensively in Infosys campuses along with daylight analyses. We have looked at special skylight double glazed units which have embedded louvers to direct light inside. Light pipes are wonderful and should be developed further.

WFM: How would U-value and highly insulating window technologies affect energy conservation? What are the means to achieve the same?

NN: Researches on glass have lead to very low U-values and gives architects the range to design the buildings. But one must be responsible in the use of glass. One must also understand that bulk of the high performance glass is used only in the commercial office segment only. However, bulk of buildings are residential where cost constraints ensure it is not used. (Thankfully the glazing sizes are limited in residential and most have balconies to provide adequate shading.) But conducting heat is also major energy issue and something which may require a law to ensure thermal performance in residential sector. In Mumbai, where new law has discouraged the use of balconies and increased the glazing areas in residential buildings, U-value plays critical role. Highly reflective coatings do mitigate the problem but create mirrors at night of the users. Low E low IR glasses are very expensive so louvres and curtains play a greater

role. Embedded louvres in the glass are also effective but block vision. Operable louvres are wonderful solution but come at prohibitive cost.

WFM: Please tell us briefly on challenges involved in designing integrated façades for both energy conservation at the same time for optimal day-lighting?

NN: The greatest challenge is that industry still needs to have specialist vendors who can integrate. Currently, curtain wall fabricators are familiar with Aluminium and glass, but very few have worked with Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) or Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) or Solar panels or fabric or mesh façades and integrating them together. Dust conditions do allow moving louvres on the outside which are the most effective sun shading system. Double skins so created do add to cost. Jalis are effective tool but to have it permanently in front of windows blocking out side view can be irritating. Dynamic shading devices are best but do cost and are effort to install and maintain. Probably a double track louvres like mosquito layer with simple manual operation could provide shade and can be controlled by the user like curtain. There are international vendors who have lot of work on this but systems are expensive and currently designed more for the European use. In India it is better to design with optimal window /glazing ratio to minimise heat and sun.

WFM: What are future Window & Façade technologies those could save significant energy in buildings?

NN: Technologies like photo voltaic, superior glass, fritting, louvres, dynamic façades, screens of metal wood terracotta GRC stainless steel fabric, etc., are already available. However, all of us would like to use a single glass with 1.6 U-value 70 per cent light transmission, which is photo-chromatic and changes light transmission based on incident light with no internal reflection! One way glass which ensure privacy and has maximum light ingress!


Challenges Involved in Designing Integrated Façades

One must define the priority between light transmission and solar factor while selecting glass for the windows. Glass having least solar factor may not be so good in terms of light transmission. So either of them needs be compromised to have optimum solar factor & light transmission together.

Various developments are being done in the fenestration technology in order to reduce the U-value further. Currently Galvanised iron (GI) is being used to strengthen the PVC-U windows. Being a metal it absorbs the heat which affects the U-value of overall window system. These GI sections can be replaced with suitable non-conductive material having equivalent strength that of steel. Profile systems having bigger depths and more number of internal chambers are being developed to achieve better results.

Façades for the Future

Design of advanced façades will require better simulation and design tools, better ways of organizing the design team around the goals and better tools for commissioning and building operations. Traditional façade design is based on minimal use of simulation tools, primarily for peak load estimates, says Ar.Gupta. Dynamic, responsive systems must be analysed under

Net Zero Energy Building is the upcoming concept which will be mandatory in developed countries within a few years. The building should be instrumented with automation and control systems for effectively monitoring the energy consumption of the building. The energy storage capacity of the building is also an important factor which plays a vital role in designing this type of building. The thermal comfort of the building should also be maintained.

Raman Sikka of Sikka Associates points out that architects have to design façades with a very strong focus on technical performance in restricting heat gain, allowing visible transparency and at the same time utilizing solar incidence to produce energy wherever it is feasible.

Net Zero Energy Building concept can be defined as a building which is neutral over a year (i.e. the energy given to the grids is equal to that supplied from the grids) when energy efficiency measures are successfully combined with renewable energy resources. Thus, it can be achieved by reducing the energy demand of building and by generating electricity or other energy carriers, to get enough credits to achieve the desired energy balance, says Kembhavi. In a nutshell, to achieve the Net-ZEB concept, two key factors to be considered at the design stage are:

∙� To reduce the building energy demand by using energy efficient systems and passive strategies;

∙� To meet the electricity demands through renewable and maintain the optimal energy mix.

According to Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), the building envelope design must take into consideration both the external and internal heat loads. External loads include mainly solar heat gains (SHGC) through windows, heat losses across the envelope surfaces and unwanted air infiltration in the building.

Substantial energy efficiency is possible only when fenestration is integrated with other building systems. i.e., 1. Daylighting, 2. Natural ventilation, and 3. Integration of envelopes and 4.use of HVAC systems. With the advancement in research, many products are being developed which are aimed at heat loss or gain through windows by controlling thermal conductance, resulting from the difference in inside and outside temperature, solar gains from direct sunlight and infiltration of air from outside the building.

Façade & Fenestration Designs for Zero-Energy Buildings and Net Energy Gains

Indian Institute of Astrophysics, At Leh, Ladakh, J & K State by Arvind Vivek & Associates

UPVC Windows & Doors

Windorex_WFM_8.5x11in.pdf 1 27-Apr-16 3:13:31 PM


a range of diverse conditions for proper system sizing. The ability to create and model a “virtual building” and explore its operational modes with different glass façade controls is a major objective of new building energy simulation tool development. Tools that provide accurate optical and thermal properties of the façade elements, e.g., glazings, are available although more work is underway on the subject of optically complex glazings and shading systems. Advanced façades are now asked to provide additional details on control of ventilation air and daylight, requiring expanded use of tools that address computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and day lighting performance for both energy studies and comfort assessment, observes Gupta. Accurate modelling of performance is needed so that mechanical systems can be properly sized to meet loads. This requires a new degree of tool integration so that thermal and day lighting interactions of façades are properly considered as part of whole building energy modelling. In the future, the modelling investment made for design might also be re-used for commissioning and operations.

According to Ar. Sharma, Photovoltaic cells should be used in façades of the future. One of the newest energy-producing technologies to achieve the same is thin-film photovoltaics (PVs). Unlike other glass coatings that only reduce energy consumption

in buildings, thin-film PVs can also harvest solar energy. Thin-film PVs are made of many different materials deposited in thin layers on a conductive substrate. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) PVs are currently the only thin-film option that costs less than conventional crystalline silicon solar cells, he elucidates.

To achieve the necessary performance, the windows of the future needs to be switchable, adjusting for season and time of day, notes Ar.Amit Kembhavi. They should be durable, affordable and should address energy and comfort by separately switching the visible and IR (invisible like infrared). They should be grid independent and multifunctional. They should be equipped with sensors and communication channels along with receptors for response.

There is growing interest in highly glazed building

façades, driven by a variety of architectural, aesthetic, business and environmental rationales. The environmental rationale appears plausible only if conventional glazing systems are replaced by a new generation of high performance, interactive, intelligent façade systems, that meet the comfort and performance needs of occupants while satisfying owner economic needs and broader societal environmental concerns. The challenge is that new technology, better systems integration using more capable design tools, and smarter building operation are all necessary to meet these goals. The opportunity is to create a new class of buildings that are both environmentally responsible at a regional or global level while providing the amenities and working environments that owners and occupants seek.

Techpro Tower project by Oscar & Ponni Architects


Nitin Bhatia is the Managing Director & Principal Consultant of FACET Façade Consultancy, a specialist façade consultancy practice executing projects across India, Middle East and Africa. Nitin has trained as an architect and has worked across disciplines including design, management, R&D and forensics and is currently working on several projects in India and overseas including super tall buildings such as the 117 �oor World One Tower in Mumbai with an added experience in engineering, manufacture, installation, project management, procurement and testing of façades. Nitin Bhatia spoke eloquently on evaluation and selection of glazing systems for optimal performance of façades and fenestration.

No Two Projects Would Have the Same Solution

Nitin Bhatia, CMD & Principal Consultant, FACET

Façade Consultancy

WFM: Kindly brief on how the façade and fenestration designs could help building “net energy gainers” or “zero-energy” buildings?

Nitin Bhatia (NB): Today’s façade is a result of the aspirations of the end consumer, buoyed by developers and designers. That said, due to sheer economics, such consumers are a tiny minority, hence projects propagating the growth and evolution of façades remain relatively few and far between. It is not that the technology of advanced/energy efficient façades does not exist today, but it is other considerations that do not promulgate its widespread utilisation.

An energy efficient façade is a costly proposition and is therefore dependent upon Brigade World Trade Cente, Bangalore

the developer’s appetite to procure it. The costs involved include all or a combination of thermal isolation of the framing system, high performing glazing, shading systems, double skin, light shelves, photovoltaics, and finally orientation and geometry. If all these are considered and incorporated in the façade design the façade could contribute towards an energy efficient building and may perhaps be a net energy positive building when other factors are included.

With every passing year, costs for materials and technologies enabling “energy efficient facades” are reducing as a result of technological advancements, hardware and software development and ease of availability, as well as economies of scale, thereby making energy efficient façade components economically feasible to use.

WFM: What are the design factors which could optimise daylighting?

NB: There are many design factors that must be used to achieve the means to the end; most important of them would be the “logic” that


ties them all. In all likelihood, no two projects would have the same solution. Dissimilar geographies, orientations, municipal guidelines, etc., shall require dissimilar solutions.

Typically, the façade orientation, geometry, visible light transmittance, shading and light shelves should be considered when designing optimum daylighting. So, one has to ensure that natural light is allowed to reach the far interior of a room, yet not allow too much light to cause discomfort due to glare. At the same time, depending on the geographical location, solar light hitting the fenestration directly should be restricted to avoid heat accumulation in the room if be the case. Intelligent use of performance coatings, shading systems, etc., may be utilised to achieve this goal.

Unfortunately, the combination of all above has been considered on limited projects effectively leading to projects utilising expansive extents of blinds; this so largely due to the costs involved and in some cases capability limitation of developers and designers.

WFM: Improving the insulating value of window glazing has been the subject of research since the 1980s. Could you please tell us about the latest developments in this area?

NB: Insulation of a window can be done in many ways. Obvious methods are utilisation of high performance glazing and thermally broken framing systems. However, other methods such as exterior blinds / louvres, sun shades, etc., also contribute extensively to improve insulation performance of a window. Glass coating technologies (very high performing low e coatings) and fritting technologies play a great role today in achieving the objective.

WFM: How would U-value and highly insulating window technologies affect energy conservation?

NB: Shading coefficient (SC) is a measure of heat transfer due to direct solar radiation (direct sun light). U-value is a measure of heat transfer due to radiation from surrounding materials/local

environment. Therefore, SC is a more critical value than U-Value of a fenestration. That said and depending upon the geography where the framing is to be installed, thermal conductivity analysis of the framing should be carried to out determine heat transmission through the system.

WFM: Please tell us brie�y on challenges involved in designing integrated façades for both energy conservation at the same time for optimal day-lighting?

NB: The biggest challenge when dealing with day lighting is to arrive at a balance between external reflectivity, light transmittance and distribution, and glare. Too much light leads to glare and too little leads to the requirement of artificial lighting. Add lower slab to slab height to this and you have a further restriction of reflective natural day lighting.

WFM: What are future Window & Façade technologies those could save signi�cant energy in buildings?

NB: Other than evolution of material technologies and economies of scale, parametric simulation softwares are and will play an exceedingly critical role in the future of façade design. All parameters can be modelled and designed for optimal orientation, geometry, shading, light shelving & day lighting, radiation & thermal insulation. In addition, and perhaps the most critical shall be the evolving discerning occupant; the ultimate driver of improvement in performance.

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Creating Façades with Robust Characters

Ar. Abin Chaudhuri, Principal Architect, Abin Design Studio

Face to Face

WFM: Please give us a brief introduction of yourself and your �rm and few of your recently completed important projects?

AC: I was brought up in a small town near Kolkata, in a large joint family surrounded by endless farmlands and a fierce passion for football! It was a building of Charles Correa’s that inspired me to change my trajectory from mathematics to design. With this I began my journey in Architecture. I graduated from Jadavpur University, Kolkata in 1998. In my first job while working with him, Ar. Prabir Mitra inspired me to drive into the ‘details’ of Architecture. Thereafter, I served as the head of National design at Lafarge for a few years and later as director of a firm called Adler. In 2003 I pursued specialisation in industrial Design from DOMUS Academy, Milan.

‘Abin Design Studio’ began in October, 2005 and has grown to become a design-centric group of

Ar. Abin Chaudhuri is the founder and Principal architect at Abin Design Studio, Kolkata. He graduated from Jadavpur University, Kolkata in 1998 and pursued specialisation in Industrial Design at Domus Academy, Milan in 2003. Abin attended Glenn Murcutt’s International Master Class, 2014. Abin is an architect, innovator, quirky designer and notable entrepreneur. His creative mind is constantly in the process of exploring new thoughts and ideas; drawing inspiration from the ordinary to create something extraordinary. He founded Abin Design Studio in 2005. Today ADS is among the top design �rms in the country. Over the years, ‘Abin Design Studio’ has grown to become a design-centric group of passionate people. Ar. Abin Chaudhuri talks passionately about his tenure and journey as an architect, his studio’s principles and outlook, his experiences with designing facades for various buildings, and much more during his candid conversation with WFM.

passionate people. After 10 years we continue to explore and enhance the value of each design. With my recent attendance of Ar. Glen Murcutt’s Master class, I have realised that there is no need to rush for a ‘Solution’. The journey, and all that we come across during this process, is what contributes to one’s growth. With every project, we feel ourselves becoming more and more mature. That makes all projects important to us. We see a finesse developing and we realise that we still have a long way to go. However, we also notice that we have learnt something at the end of the day.

WFM: Please tell us about trends in current curtain wall and façade designs? What is the importance of building facades considering occupant comfort (thermal performance) and energy ef�ciency?

AC: Building facades are purely an outcome of design and orientation of the building. Rather than


following a ‘trend’, it is more important to address the thermal, functional and aesthetic issues of the building and the utility of the spaces within.

WFM: How do you project the building facades in your signature projects? How important is branding through facade designs?

AC: Visual appeal is good for marketing (in terms of facades). But the ‘identity’ of a building holds more weight than its ‘brand’ value. Good architecture is not purely determined by the facade, but rather on how the spaces in-between work for the end user.

WFM: Modern façades make more use of multi-layered constructions to fulfil complex functional and design requirements. After sophisticated glass envelopes, the focus is more on plasticity, material character and colour concepts now. What is your take on this point?

AC: There are various technologies available to address a number of issues. However, it is all dependent on the design intent of each project. There are a number of methods available for a desirable outcome.

WFM: Considering that Indian building industry is flooded with new technologies and ideas pushing glass processors and glaziers to innovate and collaborate, what kind of QC procedures do you prefer while procuring materials for building facades? What are the important safety measures taken during installation?

AC: Although we make it a point to be informed of the specifics, most of these issues are taken up by facade consultants, contractors and the client.

WFM: In your tenure as an architect, how do you see fenestration (Doors & Windows) scenario changing, why and how?

AC: Today, whatever one can think of, one can get. Personally, we are more into an explorative design process where we design our own systems, for

example, our treatment of the facade of Nazrul Tirtha. However for some projects, such as I.M.I. Kolkata, we had taken help from glass processors.

WFM: What are the criteria to choose the glass for facades and fenestration?

AC: Insulation and Shade/coating. With respect to the criteria for choosing glass for facades and fenestration; the primary concern is the comfort of the user. Thus its thermal properties remain the basic factor that we consider. Thereafter, the view of the surroundings, building orientation, aesthetic appeal and design of the façade determine the shade/coating of glass to be used.

WFM: What do you think are the main hurdles/bottlenecks in Indian construction scenario in terms of fenestration?

AC: Cost and availability of material.

WFM: What advice would you like to give to the manufacturers/fabricators of doors and window systems in India?

AC: In the order of priority: Quality control and audit > Upgrading knowledge > Installation > Commercial viability of their projects.

Newtown School


International Management Institute, Kolkata

The chromatic glass façade comprises of 2 layers of 5mm clear glass

The facades - adding colours to city life

Kolkata is an ancient city in eastern part of India. Post-Independence, this city has not grown like others in India, and has not yet adopted any architectural character. On the contrary this city is becoming more chaotic & mono chromatic. But the city definitely has vibrant life, and people here have love and passion for art & culture. As client vision was to give the most expressive, vibrant, technologically advanced & sustainable management institute. We thought about adding colours to city life. PEOPLE + CITY: Community - The Productive Collision.

The site, situated in a very dense residential urban fabric, was a huge constraint and dictated linear planning. Special efforts were made to ensure creation of non-monotonous spaces which did not follow expected linear pattern.

The chromatic glass façade comprises of two layers of 5mm clear glass each with an intermediate


polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer, 1.2mm thick, which acts as an insulator, reducing the heat build-up inside. The façade becomes more dynamic by night when the lights inside are switched on, it has a mesmerizing effect on the plaza below.

Project: International Management Institute Project Category: Educational BuildingLocation: Kolkata, IndiaClient: IMI, KolkataArchitecture, Landscape and Interior Design: Abin Design StudioMaterials used: Interlayer Laminated Glass, Brick, Concrete, Aluminium Composite PanelsArea: 26,710 Sq mStatus: Completed in March, 2010

QUICK FACTS

Circulation spaces and spill out zones have been created along the curved glass façade, allowing them to be naturally lit in the day and giving them a more interesting and dynamic feel. Emphasis has been given to interaction points not just for students but also for the faculty encouraging exchange of knowledge and ideas at all levels.

The reception has been designed as a triple height space naturally

lit by a huge skylight above. The corridors and spill out spaces culminate around here at the upper floor levels. Care has been taken to ensure that the library is also well lit during the day and has been designed such that it is surrounded by glass on three sides, shaded by the existing trees on site. Colour has subtly been introduced in the interiors as well in the form of coloured glass partitions, coloured glass slits on the wall or simply in the furniture.

The façade becomes more dynamic by night when the lights inside are switched on

The curved glass façade, allowing naturally lit areas in the day

Colour has subtly been introduced in the facade


The Newtown School, Kolkata

This school façade design project came to us when construction of the buildings had already begun. Located on a long, narrow, curved site, one approaches the school along the inner curve. It comprises two academic blocks placed apart and at a slight angle from each other.

Our approach towards the façade design was to create a screen with a strong character that visually unifies the seemingly separate blocks while lending the school a

distinct identity. A graphical representation of relatable alphabets, symbols and numbers became an inspiration for the bespoke screen around the otherwise unremarkable building masses. The fenestration would provide shade from the harsh sun while allowing ample natural light within. 488 panels made of Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) measuring 3.2x3.2m in 13 different alphanumeric patterns were designed and placed in various orientations to achieve a randomized effect.

Slabs were systematically projected beyond the building on all sides to accommodate an exact number of panels. A MS framework was devised as a support structure and a fixing detail using steel Z-profiles was developed to fix the 70kg panels. Starting with a sample module testing on site to manufacturing, shipping, installation, painting and cleaning, the façade system took approximately 4 months to complete.

Alphabets, symbols and numbers became an inspiration for the bespoke façade


The Gallery Hotel, Kolkata

A 35-key boutique hotel located in a prominent area in Kolkata en route the airport; ‘The Gallery’ is designed to be a definitive landmark along a busy arterial road of the city. Standing along the straight and densely bordered road, the building is mainly viewed from a tangential direction rather than from the front. Keeping this in mind and our intention to create a pause in the midst of urban chaos, the façade was envisaged as a striking metallic sculpture.

The elevation was designed to seemingly drape the building with a glittering screen. Swathed in 13,818 shiny metallic gold, silver and black ‘shingles’, the building appears to shimmer as these polished butterfly shaped elements sway gently in the wind. The placement of these shingles was detailed meticulously so as to limit visibility from outside while still enabling light and ventilation to the interiors of the hotel.

The shingles were made of Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated stainless steel plates bent to a calculated angle to obtain the desired effect. Three different coloured units were placed scrupulously to attain a shaded effect on the façade. These were mounted onto panels made of MS flats which were in turn fixed to a MS support structure.

Coloured shingles made of PVD coated stainless steel plates provide the desired effect.


Façades in India are Getting Better

Ar. Reza Kabul, Director, ARK Reza Kabul Architects

Pvt. Ltd.

Face to Face

WFM: Please give us a brief background of your group and your recent projects?

RK: ARK-Reza Kabul Architects is a comprehensive global design studio with three decades of proven expertise in project design and delivery ranging from master plans and townships, to industrial, hospitality, commercial, institutional, educational and residential segments. Founded in 1988; the practice is headquartered in Mumbai (India) with presence in Pune (India) and San Francisco Bay Area, CA (USA), providing full-service architectural, interiors, landscape design and urban planning services.

Pioneers of high-rise design in India, ARK is renowned for its current upcoming projects Altitude, Sri Lanka; as well as its award winning landmark projects such as Transcon Triumph, India;

One of the foremost talents in the realm of Indian architecture, Reza Kabul’s foray into the industry was a random experience of viewing books on architecture that proved catalyst enough for a switch from engineering to architecture. After a brief stint at a prominent architecture studio in Mumbai, he set up ARK - Reza Kabul Architects Pvt. Ltd., India in 1988. Reza Kabul has envisioned and successfully executed a string of path breaking projects cantered on the design philosophy of ‘liberating spaces’. He has handled projects for leading names in Indian real estate industry, and continues to enjoy the trust and appreciation with projects that set pioneering benchmarks in architectural design. A speaker for ‘Marcus Evans Tall Buildings Conference’ in Seoul, Korea (2008) and a pioneer in tall buildings, Reza Kabul has been listed in the Limca Book of Awards (2003) for Shreepati Arcade, the tallest building in India. His signature projects are spread globally in United States, India, Mauritius, United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Bhutan, Korea, and Nairobi.

Ar. Reza Kabul, in his candid conversation with WFM, explains the ideologies of his firm, his work and significant projects, the importance and need for a well-designed building façade and the trends in façade design.

Shreepati Arcade, India (India’s Tallest Building - Limca Book of Records : 2003); The Landmark Grand, Dubai (Highly Commended Best Hotel – International Hotel Awards : 2012 & 2013); and Ekta Tripolis.

WFM: Why did you choose architecture and how did you foray in to this industry?

RK: For me, the choice to be an architect was quite unplanned. After completing my 12th grade, like most students, I went for an engineering entrance exam in Vadodara. During this time, I stayed with a friend, a final year student of architecture. I was totally fascinated by the sketches and the representations made by him. Before I could realize, I cleared the entrance exam for architecture at the Maharaja Sayajirao University, Vadodara. It has been a constant move forward from there.


WFM: Please tell us about few of your significant projects and ongoing projects?

RK: The Le Meridian at Thimphu, Bhutan is a leisure hotel. The location is a vibrant juxtaposition of ancient and modern cultures in Bhutan’s timeless capital situated in the dramatic Eastern Himalayas. We have recently used plaster for the exterior. Plaster is used while bricking to strengthen the structure. In comparison to dry walls, plastered walls are stronger and more durable. It also aligns the brick in the process. While plaster has a great decorative appeal along with the use of POP, it also achieves an elegant simple clean look which was required for this project.

Socorro Gardens at Goa is a beautifully landscaped 6 acre high-end residential complex. The 2, 3 and 4 BHK apartment and penthouse are fully equipped with modern amenities. Apartment sizes vary from 1700 Sq ft to 2000 Sq ft.

Altitude at Colombo, Sri Lanka is a 383m tall, mixed-use high-rise structure dedicated to the Sri Lankan winners of 1996 Cricket World Cup. The building façade is designed with a ball balanced between four bats to commemorate the achievements of the Sri Lankan cricketers. The mixed-use project is an amalgamation of residential units with retail outlets and public space, including signature residential along with Indoor Cricket

Transcon Triumph, a high-rise residential project at Mumbai, India.

The Le Meridian hotel at Thimphu, Bhutan


Facility, Hall of Fame, Museum, 360 Observatory and a Revolving Specialty Restaurant.

Rising over 132m, Ekta Tripolis at Mumbai is a luxury residence designed in sleek lines and smooth contours, contemporary styled and with top line amenities. Each apartment boasts of a spacious deck overlooking a panoramic view of the city. Spread over 14, 00, 000 Sq ft, Ekta Tripolis was recently awarded the Best Upcoming Green Project of the Year by Construction Times Builders Awards 2015.

Transcon Triumph (Mumbai) is a 135m tall residential project spread over 3, 50, 000 Sq ft. It has exclusive two and three bedroom residences, penthouses, an entertainment deck with lavish features, themed landscapes, and a crowning sky deck. The entertainment deck comes resplendent with themed landscapes for private rendezvous, a decadent spa to loosen the knots and a stunning gymnasium. Coupled with intelligent resource management, world-class luxuries that are environment friendly, the tower also incorporates global standard office spaces equipped with services required to conduct important meetings from the comfort of home. Transcon Triumph has been awarded the Best Residential High Rise Development – India at the Asia Pacific 2015 Awards by International Property Awards. The project has also been highly

commended under the categories: Residential High-rise Architecture – India, Residential Development – India, and Apartment – India.

WFM: How do you project the building façades in your signature projects? How important is branding through façade designs?

RK: The façade of the structure is an element of the design that creates the first impression. The branding of a building via its façade needs to be elegant so that it stands out on by itself while merging with the existing urban fabric of the skyline.

WFM: What are the trends in current curtain wall and façade designs?

RK: India has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in the world leading to a growth in infrastructure development and increasing emphasis on delivering world class architecture. This has resulted in the development of new innovative façade designs. The façade of a building is important from a design stand point, as it sets the tone for the rest of the structure. While there are several materials that are and can be used as façades, glass and stone cladding is what is seen often across India. Double skin façades, parametric designs, LED façades, and rain-screen façades are also seen in few projects. I also see

Socorro Gardens at Goa - high-end residential complex Altitude at Colombo, Sri Lanka is a 383m tall, mixed-use high-rise structure


a rise in aesthetics in façades and elevations. Better materials, education, economic freedom, and various advanced technologies, have pushed architects to explore their creative side unfettered. All in all, façades in India are getting better.

WFM: What is the importance of building façades considering occupant comfort (thermal performance) and energy efficiency?

RK: On an average, buildings around the world consume 40 per cent of primary energy and generate 33 per cent of carbon emissions. Consumption of heating energy could reduce up to 70 per cent through the use of effective thermal insulation. A façade can be designed to restrict the heat from coming inside and entrapping the air-conditioned cool air, and at the same time it can be used to create a natural ventilation between the outside and interior. The thought behind either of the façades focuses on occupant comfort, depending on the locale and the need. Façades today are designed with a lot of research and study. Sun path analysis is conducted to ensure selection of the right type of glazing. Spandrel panels are designed in ways to avoid glare. In some cases sun-breakers are integrated in the façade to cut out the heat and allow diffused light to pass through the glass. Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) became the choice of material for the façade of Ekta Tripolis because of its low thermal expansion characteristic. As the material is made of minerals, it does not burn easily and functions as a thermal regulator. Other key characteristics that make GRC interesting to work with is their non-corroding behaviour, high tensile strength, resistance to cracking, and high damping capacity.

WFM: Modern façades make more use of multi-layered constructions to fulfil complex functional and design requirements. After sophisticated glass envelopes, the focus is more on plasticity, material character and colour concepts now. What is your take on this point?

RK: There are a variety of materials that can be used to create façades, like aluminium composite

panels, cement coats, stone amongst others. The selection of the design for the façade majority depends on the locale, the characteristics of the material, and the requirement of the structure. You have to look at the lifespan of the material, its effect on the surroundings, shielding properties against UV rays, durability against weather such as monsoons and acid rain. Keeping this in mind, the façades can be as innovative and vibrant as the project demands. Kanakia WallStreet, as its name suggest, is a commercial complex that we have designed. The multi-layered façade is a fusion of modern and classic styles, with a unique spin on the WallStreet concept. The front façade made of aluminium fins and double glazed glass showcases a play of levels that form silhouettes of people.

WFM: How does a façade design help in building sustainable low energy buildings?

RK: As the focus on the future of the country comes into perspective, efforts have been made by various organizations to popularize sustainable construction practices. Developers are showing strong commitment to deliver advanced designs without drastically increased budgets. Increased day lighting with innovative façades, structural glass to gain increased transparency, reuse/recycle materials for minimum wastage are

Kanakia WallStreet, a commercial complex in Mumbai, India


considered at the initial phases of design. These are just basic steps towards better living for our future.

WFM: As per your view, how important is the role of right fenestration in achieving optimum acoustic and thermal insulation as well as in achieving the desired aesthetics in a residence / office project?

RK: The fenestration is an integral part of the façade. Fenestration affects how welcoming the building is and creates a visually harmonized and immersive urban landscape. With a variety of materials available, the right fenestration helps in achieving insulation. Whatever the building style, the design aesthetics and the choice of whether the windows will open vertically or horizontally – be big or small – solid or paned – clear or tinted, shall help achieve the desired look of the structure.

WFM: Coming to execution, what do you think are the main hurdles/bottlenecks in Indian construction scenario in terms of fenestration?

RK: India offers several products from the global market; however, they have yet to improve the knowledge and expertise on the application of the material. If the fenestration is placed incorrectly, or in the case of bad workmanship, it leads to leakages

of air, water, noise. If the fire seal is not proper, the flames travel between levels, making it a safety hazard. I believe that it is not just the product that needs to be available in the market, but also the know-how and execution needs attention.

WFM: Many architects complain than in selection of materials, many a times quality is compromised because of budget constraints. What is your opinion?

RK: As the focus on the future of the country comes into perspective, efforts have been made by various organizations to popularize sustainable construction practices. Developers are showing strong commitment to deliver advanced designs without drastically increased budgets. Increased day lighting with innovative façades, structural glass to gain increased transparency, reuse/recycle materials for minimum wastage are considered at the initial phases of design. These are just basic steps towards better living for our future. The challenge is in finding the right material at the right price point. For instance, the façade of The South Bay located at Hughes Road, Mumbai, is clad in Modified Clay Materials (MCM) that is long lasting and maintenance free. The advantage of the material is that there is no need for water proofing and saves valuable construction time. Thus assuring the quality of the material used within the budget constraints.

WFM: What advice would you like to give to the manufacturers/fabricators of doors and window systems in India?

Upgrading Knowledge: As mentioned, there needs to be an influx of awareness of the new sustainable materials within the industry as well as the end users. There also needs to be a strong level of research backing the expertise in the use and installation of the product.

Installation: Installations need to be efficient and time saving. For our upcoming high-rise Altitude in Colombo (Sri Lanka) the solar panel façade requires only 5 per cent than a regular façade.

Rising over 132 m, Ekta Tripolis at Mumbai is a luxury residence designed in sleek lines


Bharat Diamond BourseBandra – Kurla Complex, Mumbai

The Bharat Diamond Bourse project had started in the 1980s and had changed many hands before it finally progressed to Architect Reza Kabul in the early 2000s. Located in the suburban commercial hub of Bandra – Kurla Complex, Bharat Diamond Bourse had a distinguished architectural character and is one of the largest commercial complexes in India. Every structure built and proposed in Bandra – Kurla Complex has a unique personality of its own: the buildings stand out and yet gel with the overall scheme which is modem and fresh unlike any other place in India. The challenge at ARK was to give a fresh look to the Bharat Diamond Bourse structure designed in a different outlook.

The project needed to be revamped considering the revised utility requirements, which involved detailed site analysis of the existing structure and studying the previous drawings. As it was not possible to make major structural changes, it was decided to adopt less radical approaches based on transforming existing components and working within the parameters of conventional yet modern methods of transforming the buildings. The concept was to project a

modern structure breaking the monotony of the façade and lightening the building both in physical weight as well as in visual presence.

The highlighting feature of the otherwise flat institutional structure is the thick blue band on the exterior ACP facade. Aluminium Composite Panels (ACP) offer consistent flatness, and can be easily cut, bent and shaped to fit various designs. Being light it weight, ACP is an ideal material for a large-scale institutional project such as BDB as it offers quick installation saving time and costs. Furthermore, their

light-weight design reduces the dead weight of the building. ACP requires minimal maintenance, as less as an annual cleaning; and is resistant against corrosion, chalking and colour fading. Keeping in mind that the workers require as much maximum light as possible while sorting or cutting diamonds, the buildings’ design includes wide windows. The total window area is 300,000 sq ft with special non-reflective glass windows.

While the existing towers were handled individually and also as a master layout, each component in the towers was

The Bharat Diamond Bourse project


studied in detail before applying any proposed changes. The existing towers had lot of offsets in the façade in terms of cut outs at various levels as per the old scheme. Major structural works were required to fill these gaps and make the elevation simple. The new tower was also designed on the same lines but simpler in form.

Spread over 20 acres, the Bharat Diamond Bourse consists of a total of 8 towers, each scaling 9 storey tall. The total constructed area is 2,000,000 sq ft, with an addition of a 1,000,000 sq ft basement area with a car park for roughly 1800 cars.

Bharat Diamond Bourse is home to about 2,500 small and large diamond traders in addition to the custom house, banks and other service providers who

Project: Bharat Diamond BourseArchitect: ARK Reza Kabul Architects Pvt. Ltd.Location: Bandra-Kurla Complex, MumbaiArea: 20 acreType: InstitutionalScope: Architecture + Master Planning

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cater to the gems and jewelry trade. BDB handles over 60 per cent of diamond exports

from India, with an inflow of approximately 20,000 - 30,000 people daily. Traffic movement of the entire complex was designed accounting for a daily traffic of 50,000 individuals and considering the existing entry exists in the basements, security issues, class and variety of people entering and exiting the complex at venous hours.

“Buildings had to be pulled down and restructured amidst a brief that was not always final. There were many limitations and many parameters but I think we did a great job,” says ARK. Work finally finished in 2011, and today Bharat Diamond Bourse is resplendent for its clear glass façade.

Spread over 20 acres, the project consists of a total of 8 towers, each scaling 9 storey tall.

The thick blue band on the exterior ACP facade


The AltitudeColombo, Sri Lanka

The proposed 383m tower, Altitude, will be 211m taller than the current tallest building - World Trade Center - at Colombo, Sri Lanka. This mixed-use high-rise development, is planned as a revenue-generating landmark structure that shall mark Sri Lanka’s presence on the world map of high-rises. The skyscraper will incorporate various private and public spaces including luxurious apartments and penthouses, retail and commercial spaces, a revolving speciality restaurant, an indoor cricket training facility, and a 360degree observatory.

Fig.1. Wind Rose Diagram for the Entire Year Fig.2. Solar Path Diagram for the Entire Year

Wind Analysis Solar Analysis

The curtain wall concept is implemented in the façade design of Altitude


The Sky Deck on Level 16

Facade

The curtain wall concept is implemented in the façade design of Altitude, amounting to an approximate of 1, 10, 000 Sq m of glazing area. The research below traces the underlying decision that led to the development of the overall curtain wall concept; focusing on the design options at different location on the exterior, and also on the intricacies of the design.

Glazing

Entrance: The external façade is of aluminium vertical post with stainless steel patch fittings for the shop front areas. Laminated glass units have been used considering safety of occupants. Two frameless automatic sliding doors are used for entry and exit of

commercial areas with an entrance canopy of 9 m.

Podium: The podium levels include the commercial and parking area which incorporate the Di-Grid arrangement using capped curtain wall concept spanning. A combination of reflective double glass units and reflective stainless steel / aluminum panels are used for aesthetic value. There is no glass closure for parking area to facilitate the water cooling arrangement behind curtain wall.

Bat Levels: The bat levels are Level 15 to 65. It uses the inclined unitized curtain wall concept for the entire façade closure of 51 levels. A corner arrangement is provided for connecting the inclined glazing with the straight glazing on the sides. A 4 hour fire rating

arrangement is provided with parallel open-able windows for 30 per cent better ventilation. 10 per cent of total façade vision area are parallel open-able windows as per norms. Cast-in anchor channels are to be used for installing the unitized systems.

Handle Levels: The handle levels are Level 67 to 91 which are in the shape of the handle of the bat. It uses the inclined unitized curtain wall concept for the entire façade closure of 25 levels. External fins on all levels of the handle areas mimic the rubber rim on a cricket bat handle.

Deck Levels: The Entertainment Deck on Level 14 and the Sky Deck on Level 16 incorporate 2 m high aluminum and glass balustrades with laminated sentry glass for safety


Project: AltitudeLocation: Colombo, Sri LankaArchitect: ARK Reza Kabul Architects Pvt. Ltd.Client: Shreepati’s Edifice Pvt. Ltd., Wills Realtors, & VIVANTA AssociatesArea: 26,274 sq mHeight: 383 mStories: 96Status: Under Construction

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of the occupants. Clear glass is used for continuous vision.

Observatory Level: The Observatory level at height of 350 m incorporates a 3 m high aluminum and glass balustrades with laminated sentry glass. Clear laminated double glass units in spider glazing are used. Spider glazing façade is used for observatory lobby to allow continuous exterior vision.

Dome Level: The dome hosts the Indoor Cricket Academy on Level 96. A stainless steel structural grid supports the 54 m diameter façade enclosure. The façade incorporates a combination of glass and photovoltaic panels for achieving the concept self energy generation. Laminated double glass units are used for safety of players.

Structure

Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is adopted for the design of all structural members of altitude. The environmental exposure condition for the structure is taken as ‘Extreme’ ensuring minimum Cement Content as per codal requirements.

Analysis

Altitude is designed as an all reinforced concrete structure with high grade concrete in combination with high grade steel right from the foundation to Level 96, and is topped with

a structural steel braced frame to support the glass facade. The structural framing system is designed as a combination of ductile shear walls with ordinary moment resisting frames. The lateral loads which are acting on each floor are shared by beams, shear walls, columns & floor diaphragms. Linear static analysis has been carried out for this structure.

The Structure is subjected to 3D frame analysis wherein the various parameters for the stability and serviceability

of the structure under service loads including drift, deflection, torsion effects, and soft storey effects are ascertained and complied with the codal requirements. The Beams are designed for the critical bending moments and shear forces for various load combinations under service loads. Columns are designed for axial loads, lateral loads, biaxial moments resulting due to frame moments including wind and seismic forces, slenderness effects and eccentricities.

Bird’s eye view of the project


Daylight in ArchitectureBen van Berkel & the Architectural Sustainability Platform

Throughout the history, daylight has been a primary source of lighting in buildings. As architects and designers, we continuously work on improving quality of daylight in buildings, its aesthetics and well-being benefits. It can contribute greatly to a dynamic user experience and impact human performance. Good daylighting design can result in energy savings, shifting peak electrical demand during afternoon hours, when daylight availability levels and utility rates are high.

The aim of designing for daylight is to get as much daylight as possible deep into a building while controlling the brightness of surfaces within the users’ fields of vision.

While most of the devices encourage daylight to penetrate the building, some other systems also attempt to reduce the daylight ingress.


UNStudio, founded in 1988 by Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos, is an

international architectural design studio specialising in architecture,

urban development and infrastructural projects. UNStudio Architectural

Sustainability Platform (ASP) engages all UNStudio projects from the

early phases in order to ensure that the correct choices are made and

that the of�ce’s high sustainable standards remain an integral part of the

design process. The ASP is committed to the promotion and practice of

sustainable design. This involves both active and passive design tools,

which have a recognizable effect on the design of the building, product

or urban plan. The ASP is continually involved in the development of

new tools for an improved design process. Together with the application

of the many international environmental regulations and an in-house

assessment toolkit, new sustainable assets are created.

Ben van BerkelFounder Principal Architect

UNStudio, Amsterdam

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The 21 story UNStudio Tower forms part of the Mahler 4 urban complex, a cluster of six buildings located in the heart of the south axis in Amsterdam.

Two main concepts are mainly shaping the building. Firstly, voids are forming a vertical accent and connecting the inside with the outside. Secondly, horizontal articulation is provided by white, aluminium bands which wrap the tower. The voids create an inside-outside relationship which extends the façade envelope and turns the surface of the tower into an active medium with a profound effect on the quality of the interior user space. The white aluminium bands differ in size, depth and transparency ensure the correct balance of sun screening, light penetration to the interiors and facilitate the daylight via redirection devices to the ceiling to ensure deeper light penetration. Thermal glazing allows for sufficient daylight, whilst reducing direct sunlight.

DESIG

N ST

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DAYLIGHTIN

ARCHITECTURE

TOOLS+DEVICES

ARCH.

ELEMENTS

Mahler Tower

Mirai House

VI Palazzo ENI

Zuidschans

SUTD

Education Executive &Tax O�ce

UNStudio Tower

• Daylight Massing Optimization• Daylight Redirection Devices • Light Well• Glazing Material

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UNStudio project approach is always site and climate-specific. Digital analysis of the building geometry and amount of facade openings helps to find a tailor-made solution for the building complex and its environment. All these considerations are integrated into a design approach as a holistic solution. This strengthens the concept, decreases the multitude of components and therefore reduces the costs of maintenance. UNStudio stimulates new developments of daylighting devices by digital but also physical prototyping.

Our approach to daylight in architecture is illustrated with the topics of:• Design Strategies• Architectural Elementws• Tools & Devices

Depending on location and building typology, the parameters of direct and diffuse radiation and sun impact studies lead to conclusions that have influence on orientation, massing, program and envelope.


Increased window surface of offices

The white aluminium bands

Voids connecting the inside with the outside

Glazing allows for sufficient daylight

Project: UNStudio TowerLocation: Amsterdam, NetherlandsBuilding Typology: Office Client: Mahler 4 VOF, Consortium G&S Vastgoed, ASR Vastgoed, ING Real EstateYear: 2004-2009Architect: UNStudio Status: RealizedTotal surface area: 28.280 Sq m

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Integration of daylight devices

Education Executive Agency & Tax Of�ce

View axis - elongated floorplate

The design for the Education Executive Agency and Tax Office building, accommodating 2,500 employees, reflects and caters for the separate identities of both user groups, whilst simultaneously creating synergy by means of shared use of secondary spaces – among which underground parking facilities, public gardens, a central hall and a pavilion for commercial functions. ∙ The stretched �oorplate guarantees a longer

exterior façade in order to illuminate every office with daylight, at the same time ensuring an optimum width of floorplate - ca 23m for a double-loaded scheme.

∙ The white façade elements work on the one hand as a sun shading and on the other hand as a daylight redirection device to generate deeper daylight penetration. Doubling- up on functionality leads to less components and less maintenance.

∙ Reduction of direct sunlight, whilst allowing sufficient daylight is allowed by thermal glazing.

View axis - elongated floorplateDaylight Massing OptimizationDaylight Redirection DevicesExterior Shading and Control DevicesGlazing Material

Project: Education Executive Agency & Tax OfficeArchitect: UNStudio Location: Groningen, NetherlandsBuilding Typology: Office, underground parking and public city gardenClient: Dutch Government Buildings Agency Year: 2006-2011Status: RealizedTotal surface area: 75.540 Sq m

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Mirai House / Astellas Leiden

Daylight-Optimized Interior DesignCourtyard Analysis & Measuring

The new headquarters building for the Japanese firm Astellas houses both offices and laboratories. Essential to the design of the building is the creation of a pleasant, open and transparent working environment for Astellas employees, in addition to an agreeable and welcoming gesture to their international visitors.

• Lamellas are incorporated on each level of the façade in order to deflect direct sunlight and

Project: Mirai HouseLocation: Leiden, NetherlandsBuilding Typology: Offices and laboratoriesClient: G&S VastgoedYear: 2009-2012Architect: UNStudioStatus: RealizedTotal surface area: 21.300 Sq m

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South/East Facing Facade

Louver distribution

redirect daylight. These lamellas differ in depth from 4 cm in the north to 20cm-30cm in the east, south and west.

• While the north façade`s windows are installed from the �oor to the sealing, the east, south and west façades are introducing a parapet of 90cm height.

• The glass panes are coated to additionally reduce heat load to the interior.

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Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD)

Daylight Massing Optimization Exterior Shading and Control DevicesAnalysis & Measuring

The academic campus for the Singapore University of Technology and Design reflects an in-depth understanding of the changing requirements of learning institutions today. Connectivity, collaboration, co-creation, innovation and sociality are at the basis of UNStudio’s design thinking on New Campuses.

The SUTD is a driver of technological innovation and economic growth, with the new campus bringing together people, ideas and innovation.

Textured appearance Interplay of different façade elements

• The massing block orientations are configured to minimise East/West solar exposure with considerations of inter-block shading

• Courtyards enlarge the exterior façade and increase the amount of daylight penetration.

• The depth of the corridors is in relation to sun and wind exposure.

• Horizontal sun blinds are designed to reduce solar gain, reflect and diffuse daylight into the internal spaces.

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Solar & Daylighting Analysis

Project: Singapore University of Technology and Design Location: Singapore, Republic of SingaporeArchitect: UNStudioClient: Singapore University of Technology and DesignYear: 2010-2015Status: Phase 1 completed 2015Building Typology: University campusTotal surface area: (Phase 1) 106.000 Sq m

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Daylight in Architecture Design Strategies Architectural Elements Tool+ Devices

1. Mahler Tower Amsterdam, Netherlands

Daylight Massing OptimizationDaylight-optimized interior design

Lightwell Daylight Redirection Device

Glazing materialAnalysis+ Measuring

2. Education Executive Agency & Tax Office Groningen, Netherlands

Daylight Massing Optimization Daylight Redirection DeviceExterior Shading and Control Devices

Glazing materialAnalysis+ Measuring

3. Mirai House Leiden, Netherlands

Daylight-optimized interior designDaylight Massing Optimization

CourtyardExterior Shading and Control DevicesDaylight Redirection Device

Analysis+ Measuring

4. Singapore University of Tech. And Design Singapore, Rep. of Singapore

Daylight-optimized interior designDaylight-optimized exterior space design

Courtyard Exterior Shading and Control Devices Daylight Redirection Device

Analysis+ Measuring

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FunderMax rear ventilated façade systems are light, easy

to install and offer the below advantages:• They provide protection from

direct sun radiation due to the ventilated air cavity that dissipates the heat. This air cavity enables the building to remain cool in summers and to retain heat in winter time.

• They reduce transfer of humidity to the building during rainfall as the ventilated air cavity dissipates excessive humidity.

• Depending on the thickness of the insulation layer, measurements of the panels and the proportion of open joints, noise transmission to the building can be reduced by up to 14dB.

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FunderMax panels used for cladding in a high rise building, France

FunderMax Cladding - Jain Heights, Bengaluru


The Perforated Brick Façade

Amit Khanna, Founder & Design Principal, AKDA (Amit Khanna Design

Associates)

Surrounded by a rapidly urbanizing village settlement, the seven acre site is on the outskirts of New Delhi. The site’s existing rocky terrain posed a significant challenge to the spatial planning of the site. The project brief was to create a large warehousing facility that would be equipped with a high degree of automation. With the exception of the office block, the building would have minimal human occupancy. However, a comprehensive environmental and energy strategy became essential required to maintain habitable temperatures throughout the year.

Planned in three incremental phases, the 140,000 Sq ft structure is programmatically divided into three parts – the warehouse, the loading bay and the north-facing office block which is interlocked with the other two. This layout enables easy stacking of future

Project Watch


Amit Khanna is the Founder & Design Principal at AKDA (Amit Khanna

Design Associates), a design firm that integrates the disciplines of

architecture, interior design, furniture, lighting and product design.

He graduated from the School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi

in 2002. He heads the design studio at AKDA, combining day-to-

day involvement in design with his primary responsibilities for the

strategic direction of the practice. He also teaches at his alma mater,

the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi. Established by

Amit Khanna in 2004, the studio philosophy is to make design process

and product designs regional specific and sustainability intrinsic.

Every object produced at the studio undergoes the same scrutiny

of process and exactitude; A process that is founded in suitable

materiality and innovation, irrespective of appearance.

Automated Warehousing Facility, Village Anangpur, Faridabad


expansion with no loss of efficiency in material/ man movement. Each block is designed from within, the individual requirements dictating the overall dimensions. The office is thin and narrow, facing the north through a glazed wall that brings in optimum daylight. The warehouses are largely square to enable efficiency, and the dimensions of robotic arms and stocking pallets dictate the spatial planning, including the 20’ high ceilings. The loading bay provides the interface between the two elements and also the exterior cargo area.

Delhi has an extreme climate and a severely dusty micro-environment, both of which contribute to making buildings notoriously energy-intensive in trying to cool down ambient temperatures to human comfort levels. Traditionally, walls were made dramatically thicker than required for structural integrity, with the intent that the increased thermal mass would minimize heat gain. In modern times, a single skin façade is simply not adequate to reduce the temperature and air-conditioning is mandatory.

Rather than overlay a conventional window-based punctured façade over the structural frame, the warehouse and loading bay are wrapped in a perforated brickwork screen. This screen shades a glazed dust barrier, recessed by 1,200 mm from the south and north facades, creating a buffer zone that cuts glare, serves as a utility zone and provides a high degree of passive insulation. The glazed barrier can be opened during good weather for ventilation and during extreme weather to allow for mechanical ventilation. The west facade is mostly blank with only a sliver of brick screen near the ceiling to permit evening illumination and the completely blank east façade faces the loading bay. The exposed brick unifies the various facades and minimizes the visual impact of the building on the surroundings.

Additionally, the building is set nearly 4m within the ground, allowing for the parking, mechanical and canteen spaces to be naturally illuminated while the adjacency to the ground provides thermal insulation. The surrounding site is sloped away from the subterranean floor, saving costly retaining

The perforated brick façade The walls act as a screen and shades a glazed dust barrier


The Glass acts as a dust barrier and allows natural light

Perforated Brick Walls allow secure natural ventilation at minimum cost with privacy

Naturally illuminated canteen spaces

Project: Automated Warehousing FacilityLocation: Village Anangpur, FaridabadTypology: CommercialArchitect: AKDA (Amit Khanna Design Associates)Principal Architect: Ar.Amit KhannaClimate: CompositeBuilt-Up Area: 1, 40,000 Sq ftCompletion: May 2014Photography: AKDA Team

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walls and providing views from within. These sunken areas catch rainwater for harvesting which is diverted to a local well. The roofs are covered with reflective tiling to minimize heat gain and a slim courtyard between the office block and loading bay helps draw out hot air from within the building.

Post occupancy evaluation of the building shows a temperature differential of over 10degrees between the exterior and interior spaces. As if that wasn’t good enough, the light quality within the building is even, cool, bright, but without the glare. Which, in a climate like Delhi, is nothing short of a miracle.


Intelligent Glazed Façades

The office for the architectural firm ‘Abhikalpan Architects Pvt. Ltd’ at Indore features a unique double glazed façade unit fixed with spider fittings, unlike the conventional DGU fixings, which is affixed within frames earlier.

Expanding a small office of 1500 Sq ft, beyond borders of its room was a major concept while planning this building. The indigenous customized detailing makes the façade a proper combination of delicate and strong materials. The installation of the glass on façade reduces the operational cost of the building for the future.

Design Evolution: Utilizing the benefits of the orientation of each

About the Author:

Manish Kumat founded the architectural firm Abhikalpan Architects

Pvt. Ltd.in 1993, after completing his graduation with honours in

Civil Engineering from Indore and post-graduation from School of

Planning & Architecture, Delhi in 1990. Manish Kumat is the founder

chairman of Institute of Indian Interior Designers (IIID) Indore and

is on the National body of IIID as an executive committee member

responsible for Green and sustainable Interiors. In his 24 years tenure

as an architect, he has won several competitions and awards. Kumat’s

own office Building is now rated as a five star building by GRIHA,

and a platinum rating from IGBC, making it the only office building

with highest rating in Central India. The office building has also won

an award for “outstanding concrete structure of Madhya Pradesh” by

Ultratech.

Ar. Manish KumatFounder & Managing DirectorAbhikalpan Architects Pvt. Ltd.

Project Watch


elevation, the design has been evolved. Each façade is treated differently, to explore the opportunities to create an energy efficient structure and to contribute to visual interests.

North Façade

The north façade has a customized double glazed façade, which consists of a layer of 12 mm argon gas sealed within 2 glasses 6mm thick, acting as a good insulator (Product code- SKN 154 II Magma). The glass façade has been mainly used, to open up the office towards the surrounding natural landscape, as well as for ensuring a high level of transparency and allowing natural light

inside, throughout the day. The tilted glazing DGU, is integrated seamlessly from floor to ceiling, with the RCC framed structure. The M.S. bars of the R.C.C. slab are welded neatly with a customized C channel, making the C channel strong enough to carry the load of the entire glazing. A clear glass wall, from ground floor, to the second floor happens to be the most luring element of the façade. An intelligent glass façade reduces the energy consumption to maintain the appropriate internal environment. It has an ecological significance in reducing global greenhouse emissions and also in reducing operational building costs. A green wall on the terrace, hiding the solar panels, lightens the structure visually.

Each façade is treated differently, to explore the opportunities to create an energy efficient structure

The tilted glazing DGU is integrated seamlessly from floor to ceiling with the RCC framed structure.


West Façade

An exposed brick wall stands strong in the west, creating an interesting composition with a massive natural rock, lush green plants and concrete. Fundermax is used to blend delicate with solid surface by using it under the cantilever above the second floor. The windows on the east-west walls, are uPVC windows by ‘Torfenster’, with (umbra grey) coloured profile and glasses 6 mm thick. (Product code- SKN 144 II Iris). The windows used are triple track, sliding windows with wire mesh.

Glass Specs

We have used Saint Gobain high performance glazing for the building which is a double glazed unit having V.L.T. (Visual Light Transmittance) – 50 per cent and SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient)

• PPC (Pozzolona Portland Cement) contains fly ash mixed with cement.

• Glass: Double glazed windows- high insulation• Paints: ECO-CLEAN paints have been used.• Steel bars: ROLLING STEEL throughout the project which

incorporates 50 per cent recycle content.• The building is provided with a tilted double glazed unit with

spider fittings on the north façade.

Other Materials Used in the Facade

The west façade

Sectional Elevation

U. G. LVL. +5'0"

GROUND LVL.±0'0"

BASEMENT - 5'0"

FIRST F. LVL.+15'0"

SECOND F. LVL.+25'0"

TERRACE F. LVL.+35'0"

TOW. ROOF LVL. +43'8"

UNDERGROUNDWATER TANK - 10'0"

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

< 0.3. Due to which conduction and convection is blocked hence preventing heat to transfer through the glass. SKN 154 II Magma is used on the north façade, and SKN 144 II Iris is used on the west façade.

Glass Details Light Factors Energy Factors

Code ProductsTransmission Reflection (%) Solar Factor

Shading Co-efficient

U Value

(%) External Internal SHGC / SF SC W/sqm K

6 mm Coated Glass (Coating Face 2) - 12 mm Air Gap - 6 mm Clear Glass

SKN 144 II Iris 39 20 12 0.23 0.26 1.60

SKN 154 II Magma 49 18 26 0.27 0.31 1.50


Project: Small is GreenLocation: IndoreClient: Ar. Manish KumatPrincipal designer: Ar. Manish KumatPlot size: 1585 Sq ftOther Consultants: Ar. Shilpa bhave, Er. Kaushal kumar Karahe, Structural Er. O.P.Tiwari, Interior designer: Sandeep Thakur. Materials Used for Façade: A Tilted Double glazed unit with spider fittings which is customized, in the North façade.Completion Date: 17th February 2015Cost: Rs.3000/ Sq ftPhotographer: Chandra Shekhar Mandge

FACT FILE

FIXING DETAILS FIXING DETAIL spider fitting

DORMAS.S.bolt

Air gap12 mm

clear glass fins(6 mm thick).

Glass 6 mmthick

8"

air gap12 mm

SAINT GOBAINU.P.B.V. (clearlaminated glass)(10+0.5+10MM)

SAINT GOBAINSKN-154toughenedglass(6mm thick)

I-SectionM.S. barweldedto I-section

FIXING DETAIL -GLAZED FACADE

SECTION

plate welded to I-Section

clear glass6mm thick

SAINT GOBAIN SKN 154 toughenedglass (6mm thick)

M.S.angle plate(50X50X6 mm)

FIXING DETAIL - spider fitting

Alstone International

Toll Free No. 1800-1233123 • SMS ACP TO 56161

E: [email protected] • www.alstoneindia.com

Branch Offices:

Bangalore • Chennai • Delhi • Hyderabad • Indore • Kochi • Kolkatta • Lucknow • Noida • Patna • Pune • Ranchi

2E/7 Jhandewalan Ext. New Delhi-55


Architecture with Aleris Aluminum Alloy 55HX®

Advertorial

This icon and symbol of urban development is designed by COOP HIMMELB (L) AU and combines the rational elements of a modern congress center with the flowing lines of traditional Asian buildings and the smooth forms of the ocean.

700 tons of Aleris 55HX® were used both for the inside and outside paneling of the Dalian International Conference Center. There were a few reasons for choosing this Aleris alloy. First, the anodized aluminum has a high surface quality and is excellent for shaping. Additionally, Aleris 55HX® not only guarantees color uniformity across numerous casting batches but also long-term color stability under all weather conditions, which is an important factor when so close to the ocean.

Arc

hite

ctur

al C

once

pt

• Hybrid “city” within one building; simultaneous use by large number of visitors in different areas; variably conceptualized as a conference center, theater and opera house or exhibition center

Fact

s an

d Fi

gure

s

• Length 220 m, height 60 m with total of eight stories; capacity for 1600 people in the theatre and 2500 in the conference center.

Sust

aina

bilit

y

• As a philosophy - partly prompted the use of aluminum for the interior and exterior wall cladding. The distinctive aesthetics of aluminum also played a key role, just as in many other contemporary and ambitious architectural projects around the world.

The International Conference Center truly seems to have been pulled straight from the future into the northwest Chinese economic and leisure metropolis of Dalian. Both the interior and exterior contain Aleris aluminum alloy 55HX®.

This icon and symbol of urban development, located in 50 meters vicinity of the sea, is designed by COOP HIMMELB (L) AU and combines the rational elements of a modern congress center with the flowing lines of traditional Asian buildings and the smooth forms of the ocean.

700 tons of Aleris 55HX® were used both for the inside and outside paneling of the Dalian International Conference Center. There were a few reasons for choosing this Aleris alloy. First, the anodized aluminum has a high

The International Conference Center in Dalian

surface quality and is excellent for shaping. Additionally, Aleris 55HX® not only guarantees color uniformity across numerous casting batches but also long-term color stability under all weather conditions, which is an important factor when so close to the ocean.

Contact details:e-mail: [email protected] site: www.aleris.comPhone: 011-46767719, 09811141647

Project DetailsInternational Conference Center Dalian/ChinaAleris 55HX® aluminum panels and stripsIn 3 mm thicknessFurther processing: 10µ and 20µ natural anodizingArchitects: COOP HIMMELB(L) AULocation: Dalian, ChinaAluminum 55HX Application: Architecture e.g. facades, paneling, ceilings, walls Used in technical equipments and electronics.Commencement Date: November 2008Complétion Date: December 2012Area: 40,000 Sq m2

US$50 BN

FOUNDING PARTNER FOUNDING PARTNER FOUNDING PARTNER FOUNDING PARTNER FOUNDING PARTNEREXCLUSIVE ASSOCIATE SPONSOR

BROUGHT TO YOU BY

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EVENT2016

GROW YOUR BUSINESS AT THE ONLYDEDICATED INDUSTRY EVENT

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Pragmatic Approach to Productive FaçadesZak World of Façades22nd April 2016, ITC Maratha, Mumbai

After stupendous success of the initial three seasons, the fourth season of Zak World of Façades conference series in India kicked started in Mumbai on 22nd April, with an all new emphasis on the National Building Code and every pressing issue of the fire safety and the return on investment for façades. The one-day conference held at ITC Maratha saw a never before gathering of some of the most prominent and appreciated names from the construction industry in India and abroad, sharing their expertise and experience in order to achieve best façade execution practices.

As the city’s buildings face some peculiar challenges with respect to providing sustainable accommodation and working abodes, façades play an irrefutable role in their functionality. Needless to say, this edition exhibited some of the finest façade products and hosted some highly technical, but relevant to India context façade talks. The event was intimate, with around 415 attendees who

Post Event

thronged the Grand Ball room of ITC Maratha. The endeavor was to unite the ever expanding brigade of experts in the field of façades and building envelopes, to bring to fore the novice ideas and improvise the old and thereby enabling an adept and empowered façade industry. The conference doubled up as a unique platform for networking and enhancing business relationships.

In one of the many firsts that Zak World of Façades is known to bring to the industry, the 14th edition started well in time as per the schedule and this was possible due the cooperative audience who took their seats well before time. On a positive note, Tariq Kachwala, Director of FG Glass, who was the event convener initiated the conference proceedings immediately after. Relating the past journey of Zak World of Façades, Syed Ahad Ahmed, Director, Zak Group, welcomed the audience and hence begun the much awaited technical presentations.


The first session saw an informative presentation by Sourabh Kankar, Regional Manager - Architectural, Modiguard, who took the audience from rendering to reality and highlighted the principles of glass selection for façades. This was followed by a presentation by Dr. Prashanth Reddy, Managing Director & CEO, FunderMax India who elaborated on using high pressure laminates (HPL) as a façade material while explaining their benefits and highlighting aesthetic & functional superiority of of HPL as a sustainable material. Next to present was the dynamic Micha Pawelka, Managing Director, Priedemann Building Envelope Consultants of UAE, who asked the audience a petulant question if façade guidance services is an add-on investment?” and fluidly answered the same while presenting a case study on consequence of not availing a competent service team and the session ended with a networking break.

The second session started with the first keynote presenter of the day - Raj Patel, Managing Director & Design Principal, KEO International Consultants of United Arab Emirates who enthralled the audience with a unique outlay of explorations in forms, façades and patterns with some unique case studies of his iconic projects in the Middle East. As if taking the cue, explaining how design can be transformed to real façades, Matthijs Bruijnse, Senior Vice President, Schueco International – Germany shed the light on system façade solutions & new innovations

where he explained the evolution of façade at macro level and drawing synergies for the Indian market. Continuing his presentation was Antony John, Engineering Director, Schueco India who launched and explained about the Schueco FWS 35 PD which is a panoramic façade system. This was followed by the second keynote of the day by Michael Chin, Associate Principal, Arup of Singapore where he spoke about designing sustainable façades for the tropics and how they bring cities alive.

The first panel discussion of the day was on guidance on façades & fire and the panel comprised of some of the most sought after names of their respective fields namely Karl Wadia, Senior Associate, Architect Hafeez Contractor; Daniel Jones, VP - Projects, DB Realty; Jawahar HH, Director, Glass Wall Systems; Pankaj Keswani, Managing Director, Alufit and moderator KR Suresh, Regional Director, Axis Façades, deftly steered the discussion that revolved around current problems and possible solutions related to fire & façade; various tests & standards pertaining to fire; perimeter fire stopping and aimed at clarifying the basics like fire resistance’ vs ‘reaction to fire’ and fire rated terminology along with touching the sensitive nerve of fire reviews and audits.

Before the conference broke for the networking lunch break, Architect Hafeez Contractor was invited on stage and felicitated on the occasion of being conferred as Padma Bhushan by the

A section of the 415 delegates


Government of India and for his extraordinary contribution to the construction industry in India. The token of appreciation was presented by Chairman of Zak Group Syed Zakir Ahmed and all the partners of the event. Architect Hafeez Contractor in his speech spoke about the need of being appraised about new systems and technologies in façade design to keep abreast with the fast changing world.

The third session opened with an interesting presentation by Harish Gupta, Senior VP - Architecture, Glass Wall Systems on changing face of residential high rise façades where he elaborated on design evolution while exploring the possibilities of automation and BMS integration in windows for high rises. Presenting next was Ray Nakada, Manager Asia-Pacific Market Development, Kuraray Interlayer Solutions of Singapore who explained how one can achieve limitless design options and still get performance and safety by using high performance interlayers. Continuing the excitement, the next presenter, Tanuj Sharma, National Head - Commercial, Kinlong Hardware India spoke on choice of façade hardware and explained how hardware is customized for each application and also casted the need and importance of using cast-in anchor channels in the minds of façade industry professionals. Key highlight of his presentation was the case study on the tension rod façade structure at Godrej One in Mumbai. Next to present was Mustafa

Abbasoglu, Area Manager Turkey, Near & Middle East, Eternit (Swisspearl®), who delved on designing lasting values with cement composite façade systems and introduced the fantastic new product Swisspearl® while presenting a case study on the Denver Botanic Gardens, USA.

Another high point of the conference was when Prabhat Rahandale, Chief Fire Officer, Mumbai Fire Brigade, who kindly took out time from his extremely busy schedule to make a presentation highlighted some of the key pain areas of the contemporary Indian buildings where they lack the basics of fire safety. He in a very candid talk took the audience through an enlightening journey on how the buildings can be made safe and all it takes is nothing more than a few small but significant steps that we all need to take on individual levels. He also spoke about the challenges faced by the Mumbai Fire Brigade in addressing the fires and classified the different types of fires with case studies of some recently occurred fire accidents.

The power packed session was concluded with an equally powerful panel discussion on execution of façades and the National Building Code. The moderator was Tariq Kachwala, Director, FG Glass who moderated the panel comprising Soyuz Talib, Director, Soyuz Talib Architects, GS Balaji, Senior Vice President, K Raheja Corp, Arun Kumar Singh, Joint COO, Steiner India, Praveen Chaubey, Project Manager, Priedemann, Niraj Borikar, Head Project Sales, FunderMax India and Sharanjit Singh, Chairman, GSC Glass. The panel

Panel discussion on “Guidance on Façades & Fire”

The panel discussion on “Execution of Façades And National Building Code”


deliberated on the new guidelines on fenestration in the latest version of NBC. The interesting discussion also touched up on the topics how can façade play a role in a code compliant building and challenges posed to the façade execution in light of the new codes. The session ended with another networking break.

The last session commenced with the presentation on advanced building envelope solutions by Lorenzo Lilli, Director, Lilli Systems as he explained the innovative concept of point fixing façades with spherical joint without drilled glass and aluminium framed and frameless balustrades complemented with a case studies. Final presentation was by Chris Hall, Commercial Development Officer, Siderise Group who spoke on perimeter barrier fire stop systems for curtain walls. The presentation entailed guidance on compliant specification, current testing

methodology for façade, and different methods of installation of fire stops and associated risks.

The high octane day was concluded with the panel discussion on Façade Engineering for Higher ROI, where the panelists touched upon the key subjects of role of building envelope in pitching for a new project, on timelines and how it affects the final ROI and on form and performance of building in terms of ROI. Nitin Bhatia, Managing Director, FACET Façade Engineering moderated this exceptional and interesting panel. Panellists included Abhay Kulkarni, President - Architectural Services, Makers Development, Hiten Sethi, CEO, HSA, Kamlesh Choudhari, Director, Glass Wall Systems, Rajeev Antony, Managing Director, Schueco India, Vivekanand Kundle, Associate Vice President, Kalpataru, and Prasad Mullerpatan, Senior Associate, Architect Hafeez Contractor.

Tariq Kachwala, Director of FG Glass

Sourabh Kankar, Regional Manager -

Architectural, Modiguard

Dr. Prashanth Reddy, Managing Director &

CEO, FunderMax

Micha Pawelka, MD, Priedemann Building Envelope Consultants

Raj Patel, Managing Director & Design Principal, KEO

International Consultants

The Panel discussion on “Façade Engineering for Higher ROI”

The exhibition display at the venue showcased some exclusive engineering components for façade and fenestration


Nitin Bhatia,Managing Director,

FACET

Ray Nakada, Manager Asia-Pacific Market

Development, Kuraray

The conference was complemented by a unique display where some of the most fascinating facade products were showcased. Schueco displayed their Panoramic Facade System - Schueco FWS 35 PD while Glass Wall Systems showcased their exceptional façade building services. Modiguard was present with their high performance Sunguard range of glass and complementing that was the high strength and high performance interlayer systems by Kuraray. The display included high precision hardware from the houses of Cotswold, Kinlong, Lavaal and a full range of point fixed hardware system from Lilli Systems. Fiber cement cladding from Swisspearl, ceramic cladding

from Qutone and high pressure laminates from FunderMax along with unique PVDF coating system by Akzonobel shone bright as the architects and users sought for high end façade alternatives and rich look. Aluminium cladding & roofing was displayed by Aluform represented by Technocrat and various façade fixing & connection techniques were on display by Wuerth. McCoy Soudal displayed their silicone and adhesives and Siderise exhibited their unique range of perimeter barrier systems for fire and acoustic insulation.

Visit www.zakworldoffacades.com for more info about the event.

Matthijs Bruijnse, Senior Vice President, Schueco International

Tanuj Sharma, National Head - Commercial,

Kinlong Hardware India

Antony John, Engineering Director,

Schueco India

Mustafa Abbasoglu, Area Manager Turkey, Near & Middle East, Eternit

(Swisspearl®)

Prabhat Rahandale, Chief Fire Officer, Mumbai

Fire Brigade

Lorenzo Lilli, Director, Lilli Systems

Ar. Hafeez Contractor at the exhibition display

Schueco FWS 35 PD on display

Michael Chin, Associate Principal – Façade

Engineering Leader, Arup


Lamination Process Will Be the Main Trend Among the Options of uPVC Window Profi le Colouration

With the improvement of people’s aesthetic in architectural style of buildings, the colouration of uPVC window profiles is increasing continuously. However, the current colouration process for doors and windows such as lacquering,�colouring, co-extruding etc., all of them are not the best solution due to the limitation proved for years.

Co-extrusion

For example, co-extrusion is the most popular colouration process for uPVC window profiles in Asian area nowadays. It proves the outside single-coloured uPVC window is the strongest demand in the market. The advantage of co-extrusion is the low cost, but there are lots of disadvantages like not only single colour and higher mould investment but also the bad feed-backs from various regions especially in extreme climate area after the application in recent years. It performs different weather resistance. Profile will release its internal co-extrusion stress and cause deforming when

climate changes between hot and cold, which will even lead to the cracking of fillet weld.

Lacquering

When it comes lacquering, although there are more colour diversity, but it is very difficult to keep a small colour difference between producing batches. Furthermore, the anti-scratch and weather resistance will be decided on the binding strength of spraying paint layer and profiles. The truth is this strength is always weaker than estimated. Because of the above, lacquered uPVC profiles are very rare to be used in the market.

Colouring

To use pigment to colour the whole uPVC profiles when extruding we called it colouring. Because the base material is PVC, so the problem of this process is low weather resistance.

Lamination

In Europe, lamination is always the most popular process for colourful uPVC windows, but lamination hasn’t been accepted by the main market in Asian market because of the high cost. Lamination relies on

excellent quality of branded film, which can not only solve the weather resistance problem but also fully meet the demands of personality and colouration for uPVC windows. In brief, lamination is nothing but wrap a high weather resistance foil on the uPVC profiles with high efficient and high weather resistance adhesive through a laminating machine. The profiles just need to be kept for some time to get the adhesive solidified and can be used for the next process. The outstanding advantages of lamination mainly appears in the following aspects: the surface of colourful profiles won’t bend or have deformation because of zero internal stress ; different single colour and wood grain colour will have more design diversity; profiles colour can be easily and fast changed during lamination; flexible small batch production; environment-friendly and no pollution.

Films for Lamination

With more and more window film companies coming to the market and putting into efforts on research and promotion, lots of window film products with different characters and functions came up in the market.

Advertorial


According to the division of the base layer, it can be divided into PVC, PMMA, ASA, etc. which can also fundamentally decide the basic weather resistance ability of window film. And also we can get different levels of weather resistance films to adapt different climatic region by the method of different technology on the surface layer treatment.

RENOLIT, as the earliest window film company entered in Asian market, series products are being made now. It can not only achieve different surface effects for the single colour and wood grain colour films, but also can develop different levels weather resistant films like MX,PX,FX through the combination of base layer and surface layer material.

Skai film from Hornschuch, Germany and LG film from

Korea also have their own characteristics. For example, Hornschuch is the first company coming up with the cool colour concept, its anti-infrared technology of the pigment can reduce the thermal effect of near-infrared solar radiation, then reduce the heat build-up of the windows.

Additionally, LORIKA window film from Austria, with its innovative use of SABIC Geloy ASA as base layer, which successfully transplant the perfect weather-resistant property of Geloy resin to the application of window films. And also with its appropriate price, it is highly rewarded and respected in the market once launched in the market. Geloy ASA resin is a special ASA resin which proved to be applied to exterior applications such as fences, vehicles, boats, roofs, co-extruded uPVC

window profiles more than 10 years without fading.

Future Colouration process

In the expected future, with the different levels of window films continuously launched in the market, there is a big hope that lamination process can replace the current co-extrusion process in large scale. In the trend of more and more enhancement on the internal quality of uPVC profiles industry, proved better performance of lamination process will win the future for sure.

Contact: Mr. Tracy, E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +91 9886621130 Website: www.hkfar-star.com/ www.lorikafilm.com

Lorika Film producing equipment Colourful Upvc profile with Lorika film


Creative Facades from Vibrant

Advertorial

Vibrant Technik is a Jaipur based creative facades and ceilings company. It offers complete package from designing, material supply to installation

Product Range of the Company Includes: - Stretch Ceilings from Barrisol France (www.

barrisol.com) - Media Meshes +SS Ropes + XTend rope

meshes from Carl Stahl Germany (http://www.carlstahl-architektur.com/?L=1) . These are used to play videos on the building façades . Our ropes are used as railings

- High Pressure Laminates from world leader TRESPA from The Netherlands (www.trespa.com)

- Louvers & Aerofoil: Solar Shading systems from Renson, Belgium – Fixed as well as Moveable (www.renson.net)

- Retractable Structures in PTFE/Ferrari Fabrics from UniSystems USA, in Polyester from Renson, Belgium

- VISION Laminated Glasses + CIELUMA Light Frames from Sefar Switzerland

Multifunctional abilities offered by its products include day lighting, acoustic control, shading, light diffusion, energy reduction and many more. Company also offers CNC cut designer facades in specialized aluminium sheets from leading European supplier. These are natural or colour anodized with a high quality finish.

Portfolio of Vibrant Technik is built around a contemporary theme. Modern materials are used from leading global suppliers. Installation is customized as per local requirements hand held with full support from their overseas principals.

Some of the key projects executed in India include: - Tata Steel warehouse façade at Ludhiana using

grilles 2050 - Barrisol ceilings in ultra-luxurious DUSIT D-2

hotel at aerocity in New Delhi – lobby areas + conference rooms + elevators

- H&M retail show room – backlit barrisol ceilings above the escalators

- HERO booth at AutoExpo 2016 at Greater NOIDA. Done with Barrisol 3D structures in RED and 2 big leaves in Mirror sheets. This booth won the best booth design award in 2 wheeler category

- A number of residential façades designed and executed all over India

Contact: Sanjay Goel, Business Manager, Vibrant Technik, 401, Pashupati Akshat Heights, D-91, Madho Singh Road, Bani Park, Jaipur, PIN-302016, Rajasthan, India.Phone: +91 141 2209655, 98290 55494 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.vibrant-technik.com


L to R – H.E. Mr. Harald Sandberg, Ambassador to India, Embassy of Sweden, H.E. Mr. Chung-Kwang Tien, Ambassador to India, Embassy of Taiwan,

Mr. Ravinder Pal Singh, Director – Solutions Strategy & Business Development, Smart Cities, IoT & Digitization, Dell Inc., India, Mr. Prem Behl,

Chairman, Exhibitions India Group

Buzz

Well-known Architect Santiago Calatrava is to design a tower taller than Burj Khalifa in Dubai. The tower will be a skyscraper that costs USD 1 billion, and will exceed the height of 828-metre Burj Khalifa, currently the world's tallest building. The Tower will be coming up in Dubai Creek Harbour, a 6-square kilometer master development, property developer Emaar said.

"We are keeping the height quiet at this stage...probably we announce when we open up the tower. It will be notch taller than Burj Khalifa," Emaar Properties Chairman Mohamed

Dubai to Get a Tower Taller Than Burj Khalifa by 2020

The three-day Smart Cities India 2016 expo received an overwhelming response and was concluded with Smart Cities India 2016 Awards. 2nd Smart Cities India 2016 expo, held at Delhi, was inaugurated by Suresh Prabhu, Cabinet Minister, Ministry of Railways and Piyush Goyal, Minister of State, Independent charge for Power, Coal, New & Renewable energy. The inaugural ceremony also saw many world leaders such as Harald Sandberg (Ambassador

to India, Embassy of Sweden), Chung-Kwang Tien (Ambassador to India, Embassy of Taiwan), Meenakshi Lekhi (Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, India, Dr. Ajay Mathur (Director General, TERI, India), to name a few.

The three-day Smart Transportation 2016 expo, focused on smart technologies and solutions for convenient and eco-friendly transportation systems in cities, received enormous response from the

the selection of the design by the Spanish-Swiss neo-futuristic architect Santiago Calatrava in February 2016. The tower will be ready before Dubai hosts Expo 2020, starting October 20, 2020 to April 10, 2021.

"The Tower, with 18 usable floors, draws design inspiration from the lily and evokes the image of a minaret, which is a common feature and distinctive aspect of Islamic culture," said architect Santiago Calatrava, who was chosen from five global companies that participated in the competition.

Alabbar said. "The total cost will be USD 1 billion," he added. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, had approved


visitors. Mayors Conclave was organized on the 2nd day of the Smart Cities India 2016 expo. The 3rd day of the expo witnessed Smart Village Conclave with members of parliament, pradhans, sarpanchs, innovators and influencers deliberating on the needs of urban sustainability.

Conference sessions at the event deliberated on various

topics such as Smart Urban Planning, Smart water solutions for smart cities, Public Transport, Waste management solutions, etc.

Smart Cities India 2016 expo also witnessed Smart Cities India awards 2016 on the last day, to recognize pioneering projects that aim to make cities more livable, and economically

Dow Corning, a global leader in silicones, silicon-based technology and innovation, is expanding its India operations with the opening of the SAHAYOG Building Solutions Centre in New Delhi. Specialists at this new Centre will collaborate with construction industry professionals, providing comprehensive project support, technical training and hands-on skill-building workshops.

Visitors to SAHAYOG will also be able to see first-hand the company’s range of high performance building solutions, including their most recent

innovations in silicone technology, some of which were used in the construction of this purpose-built facility. One such example is Dow Corning® Transparent Structural Silicone Sealant (TSSA), which enhances the benefits of point-fixed architectural glass by bonding the bolts which secure the glazing in place using a high-strength silicone film.

‘Our mission is to provide our customers with leading innovation and best-in-class services to ensure that their experience is remarkable. We are very excited about the latest Solutions Centre launch in Delhi and look forward to a long-term association with our stakeholders in this market’, said Jean-Paul Hautekeer – Global HPB Marketing Director, during the Solutions Centre launch.

“This new Solutions Centre, which will be operated in partnership with Silicone Concepts, reinforces the company’s commitment

to the Indian market and to its customers success”, said Basab Saha, Marketing Manager, High Performance Building Solutions – Dow Corning South Asia.

The SAHAYOG Building Solutions Centre will also provide access to Dow Corning’s leading Quality Bond™ program, which lifts standards of sealing and bonding to the highest possible level by implementing standards of best practice in quality control, quality assurance and production application with specialist silicone applicators.

Dow Corning Opens Building Solutions Centre in New Delhi

Jean-Paul Hautekeer – Global HPB Marketing Director (Dow Corning)

viable. For 9 categories, there were 11 winners including Design Plus, Goyani Group, Freespanz Design Build Pvt Ltd, Bosch, Sun Moksha Power Pvt Ltd., K-Nomics, JUSCO, Daily Dump, Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation, Safiee Burhani Upliftment Trust, and Allied Digital Services Ltd.


Amit Shah of CMC Honoured

ET Awards 2016, one of the most reputed business awards in India, has honoured Amit Shah, Managing Director of Classic Marble Company (CMC) with the ET Inspiring Business Leaders of India 2016 award. The 43 year old awardee is credited

with playing a pivotal role in the corporatisation of the marble and stone industry and propelling CMC to the number one spot in India.

“It is both an honour and a merit of accomplishment to be felicitated at the ET Awards. Traditionally, the marble and stone industry has belonged to the unorganised segment. It has been our endeavour to bring in transparency, consistency and trust, besides high quality products from some of the finest quarries across the world. As we move forward, we hope

to shift many more paradigms,” said Amit Shah, Managing Director, Classic Marble Company. Amit Shah is a multi-faceted leader possessing a deep understanding of the marble trade. Acknowledged as an expert in assessing the quality of marble, he also holds the ability to foresee market trends. His technical knowhow, managerial skills and market awareness has placed Classic Marble Company amongst the top importers of Natural Marble in the country and leading manufacturers of agglomerated stone in India.

Amit Shah, Managing Director, Classic Marble Company

Inaguration by Sonali Bhagwati, Interior Designer

Hafele Opens its Flagship Store in Delhi

Hafele, the Home Interiors Specialist Brand, has opened its Flagship Showroom in Okhla, South Delhi on May 13, 2016. The brand constantly strives to introduce innovative and new interior functionalities that cater to all areas of the

Hafele’s innovations are inspired by latest home improvement trends that are then transformed into functional solutions. One will get to see these ideas transforming into reality is at their flagship showrooms present in all the four major metros (Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and Kolkata). These flagship showrooms provide an international retail environment that recreates global trends by converting them into inspiring interior displays using the trademark Hafele functionality.

The new Flagship Showroom in Okhla, South Delhi will showcase the product range of Nagold Built-in Home appliances, Blanco Kitchen sinks and Aqua Trendz Bathroom fittings.

home – right from the main and internal doors to the different corners of the living room, bedroom, kitchen and bathroom - ensuring a seamless transformation of non-functional spaces into truly functional zones.

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Q-railing Launches New Products

Q-railing, one of the world’s leading creators of railing systems, has launched new products on 20th May 2016 in the presence of Senior officials from Airports Authority Of India (AAI). Q-railing acquired India based Carl F International, having the d line railing system division in the year 2012. The popular d line railing system designed by Danish designer Prof. Knud Holscher for Carl F International were reintroduced to the market as a part of Q-railing’s own range of railing systems. The three newly Introduced Products by Q-railing are 1) Duo Line system 2) Linear Lights 3) Easy glass® Mod 0763.

Duo Line Easy Glass® Model 0763 Liner Light

Duo Line is a modern industrial design baluster post railing system. The combination of anthracite grey baluster posts and stainless steel looks striking. Suitable for both indoor and outdoor use, Duo Line has a modern industrial look and is available for top, fascia and in-floor installation.

The smooth, rectangular-shaped Easy Glass® Model 0763 has moveable glass pin. It has unique square design and the product is suitable as a glass clamp or glass adapter. It is tested to resist linear side forces up to 1 kN and is finished with a stainless steel cover cap.

Q-Lights – Liner Light are pre-fabricated modular railing with LED Liner lights. They are available in 24V for indoor or outdoor use and are cost-effective. Each LED is pre-wired to fit perfectly into the handrail using a unique click technology. They can be installed with 65x40mm rectangular SS effect- anodised aluminium cap-rail.

Q-railing manufactures and supplies high-quality railing systems and is known worldwide for its unique Q-designs, extreme modularity, unparalleled quality, and surprising affordability. They have been associated with massive projects like airports at Delhi (International Airport – T3), Chennai, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh, Mumbai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Pune,

and Srinagar. Q-railing has been creating handrails for landmark buildings & blue-chip clients like TCS, CISCO, Reliance Group & many others.

On the occasion, Q railing management said "The Indian aviation industry is on a high growth trajectory. India aims to become the third largest aviation market by 2020 and the largest by 2030. India is among the five fastest-growing aviation markets globally with 275 million new passengers, hence Q-railing with its core ability, can partner the AAI at the planning stage itself to usher the best output".

Q-railing manufactures and supplies high-quality railing systems. Q-railing is known worldwide for its unique Q-designs, extreme modularity, unparalleled quality, and surprising affordability. Safety and quality provide the basis for their work whilst functionality and appearance are their focus. In India, they have been associated with massive projects like the Delhi International Airport – T3, creating handrails running about 21 km length, Chennai Airport, Ahmedabad Airport, Chandigarh and many others like Mumbai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Pune, Srinagar Airports. Q-railing has been creating handrails for landmark buildings & blue-chip clients like TCS, CISCO,Godrej, Reliance Group & also for most of the celebrities & Business Tycoons.


H&R Johnson Launches Johnson Endura Cool Roof SRI Tiles

H&R Johnson (India), one of India’s leading companies, announced the launch of a new technology in tiles namely the ‘Johnson Endura Cool Roof SRI (Solar Reflective Index) Tiles. SRI measures the surfaces ability to reflect solar heat and emit infra-red heat. These new tiles from Johnson Endura provide an SRI value > 90 against the minimum SRI value of 78 for the roof of the building to qualify for LEED certification as per the U.S. Green Building Council. With this revolutionary technology these unique range of tiles keep

the harsh rays of the sun off the building and bounces them back into the atmosphere. The ingenious glazing process on the tiles keep the room temperature cool naturally and therefore helps reduce load on external cooling appliances like the air-conditioners or coolers.

Some of the key benefits of Endura Cool Roof SRI are: reduce surface temperature by 10 to 20 degree Celsius, improve indoor comfort, reduce cooling requirement and save electricity, reduce conduction

of heat into the building, reduce the ‘heat island effect’ in cities and reduction in global warming and saving of ozone layer. The tiles are offered in matte finish which provides anti-skid surface making them safe and practical thereby being applicable in areas such as building roofs, balconies, terraces, pavements and exterior facades cladding.

Schueco Australia has introduced a new concealed vent facade featuring a face-width of just 60mm. The new FWS 60 CV concealed vent facade is an aluminium system for floor-to-ceiling ribbon windows and fixed glazing where the 60mm face-width means that it is impossible to distinguish open and fixed fields from the outside. Even from the inside, the only indications of an opening unit are a flat slimline shadow gap and the presence of the window handle. The innovative product is achieved by merging the vent with the load-bearing structure. Additionally, this design also maximises light transmission through the facade. To ensure complete safety in use, an almost invisible all-glass Juliet balcony

Schueco’s New Ultra-Slim Facade Allows Vents to Be Fully Concealed

can be integrated into the facade in front of each opening vent.

Schueco Australia’s FWS 60 CV concealed vent facade is also ideal for punched openings, and counteracts the prevailing trend of meeting the demand for increased levels of thermal and sound insulation by using ever larger window profiles. The 60mm face-width gives the facade a unique elegance and

significantly enhances its kerb appeal while inbuilt engineering excellence means that the system delivers not only a high level of functionality, but also superior aesthetics.

A high-performance gasket system enables the Schueco FWS 60 CV to satisfy stringent wind-load and weather-tightness requirements. Additionally, a side-hung or turn/tilt opening vent option and a choice of two basic depths give the facade useful design flexibility.

Schueco’s new concealed vent facade features a face-width of just 60mm

Mixx Windows unique Wood- Alu system consists of an outer part of Powder coated /Anodised Aluminium or

Architectural Bronze, which is resistant to harsh weather conditions and an inner part of the wood for a warmer

feel indoors. This combination offers the maximum lifespan and minimum maintenance.

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www.mixxwindows.com

1. GLAZING GASKET: Compliment the colour of the window by choosing either a black or light grey glazing gasket. Both inside andoutside.

2. GLASS: You can select from almost all glass types available on the market today. For all the contemporary demands of thermal insulation, sound attenuation, solar control, safety or security. Double or triple glazing.

3. MAINTENANCE FREE: The powder coated aluminium finish protects the window against UV and extreme weather.

4. BONDED CONSTRUCTION: Aluminium and wood are bonded to make a truly composite frame and sash. The timber element acts as a thermal break enabling the frame to offer very high levels of insulation.

5. HIGH QUALITY WOOD: Slow grown Burma Teak and Oak Wood from sustainable forests with a density of 550kg/m³ (Industry norms state 450kg/m³). No environmentally unfriendly Vac-Vac, anti-rot treatment of the timber is required as none of the timber is exposed to the weather.

6. KNOT FREE: Knot free laminated timber is used throughout which produces a consistent timber finishes and no unsightly knots.

7. DRAINED AND VENTILATED: The aluminium extrusions are specially designed to allow the window frame to be fully drained and ventilated, preventing harmful moisture and rot from damaging the timber.

8. EXTERNAL GROOVE: A groove built in to the aluminium extrusion extends around the entire perimeter of the window, allowing the window to be cleanly sealed on closure.

9. INTERNAL FINISH: We use only environmentally friendly water based finishes. Multi coats of paint provide an industry leading finish.

10. WEATHER SEAL: All seals are housed into grooves within the sash, creating exceptional air and weather prevention.

Wood & Wood-Alu Windows

Aluminium Alu Wood Engineered Burma Teak Wood-Alu Bronze Stainless Steel Corten Steel

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To be LG Hausys Authorised Fabricator/ Dealer,Contact: +91 99109 92888LG Hausys India Pvt. Ltd.

Delta Tower, 6th Floor, Plot No. 54, Sector – 44, Gurgaon 122001• Ph: 124 4212590 • Email Id: [email protected]

Check LG Hausys Authorised Fabricator list in our Website: www.lghausys.com/in

Captivate your blissful moments withLG uPVC Windows

LG uPVC Windows comes with LG Hardware only

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An easy-to-install innovative product,From 24 to 60 mm thick,Adaptable with all uPVC profiles in India,Termite resistant,Strong structure and glazings,Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) insulation,Double glazing with a laminated faceEasy to cut as per your required size

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Window & Facade Magazine - 2nd Anniversary Issue

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Transcript of Window & Facade Magazine - 2nd Anniversary Issue