ELECTRICITY GENRATION THROUGH WIND MILLS

Presented by-SHAKIL MUHAMMAD

UET PESHAWARPAKISTAN

Electricity is energy transported by

the motion of electrons

We do not make electricity, we CONVERT other energy sources into electrical energy.

Conversion is the name of the game

Faraday Effect

Basic ConceptsVoltage V – Potential to Move Charge (volts) Current I – Charge Movement (amperes or amps) Resistance R = V/I(R in =ohms) Power – P = I*V= I2xR (watts)

How Does a Generator Work?

Electricity!

• How much would it cost to run this 100 Watt bulb for a full day (24 hrs)?

• 100 Watts x 24 hours = 2400 Watt Hours (2400 Watt Hours = 2.4 Kilowatt Hours)

• What about this 25 Watt CFL light bulb, which produces the same amount of light?

• 25 Watts x 24 hours = 600 Watt Hours (600 Watt Hours = 0.6 Kilowatt Hours)

More efficient light bulbs are great, but what is the BEST way to conserve electricity and reduce our consumption of fossil fuels???

Where do we get our electricity?

What is “Renewable Energy”?

Types of Electricity Generating Windmills

Small (≤10 kW)• Homes• Farms• Remote Applications (e.g. water pumping,

telecom sites, icemaking)

Large (250 kW - 2+MW)• Central Station Wind Farms• Distributed Power

Intermediate (10-250 kW)• Village Power• Hybrid Systems• Distributed Power

Wind Turbine COMPONENT

Wind Turbine Perspective

Nacelle56 tons

Tower3 sections

WorkersBlade

112’ long

Large Wind Turbines450’ base to bladeEach blade 112’Span greater than 747163+ tons totalFoundation 20+ feet

deepRated at 1.5 – 5 megawattSupply at least 350

homes

Yawing – Facing the WindYawing – Facing the Wind

Active Yaw (all medium & large turbines produced today, & some small turbines from Europe) Anemometer on nacelle tells

controller which way to point rotor into the wind

Yaw drive turns gears to point rotor into wind

Passive Yaw (Most small turbines)

Wind forces alone direct rotorTail vanesDownwind turbines

Importance of Wind Speed No other factor is more

important to the amount of power available in the wind than the speed of the wind

Power is a cubic function of wind speedV X V X V

20% increase in wind speed means 73% more power

Doubling wind speed means 8 times more power

Calculation of Wind Power

•Power in the wind Effect of air density, ρEffect of swept area, AEffect of wind speed, V

R

Swept Area: A = πR2 Area of the circle swept by the rotor (m2).

Power in the Wind = ½ρAV3

Environmental Impact Assessment

THANKS FOR TIME