Renewable Energy Resources

By : Pradeep ChoudharyCompleted from:suzlon energy ltd.

jaisalmer

Wind Energy Technology

Pradeep choudharyDepartment of Electronics & communication Engineering,

Gits,udaipur

Wind Speed: 6.0 m/s

Wind Speed: 6.4 m/s

Wind Speed: 7.0 m/s

Wind Speed: 7.5 m/s

Wind Speed: 8.0m/s

The wind power potential on a national level, base data collected from 10 states considering only 1% of land availability, is around 46,092 MW.

Wind Power Potential

Energy growth in india

Turbine Evolution

Used for

• Pumping water

• Grinding grain

Mainly used for

• Generating Electricity

Over 3,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used wind power to

sail their ships on the Nile River. Later, people built windmills to

grind their grain.In 1891, the first electrical output

wind machine was developed incorporating the aerodynamic

design principles.

Energy Cost Trend

1979: 20 INR/kWh

Increased Turbine Size

Manufacturing Improvements 2012: 1.5 INR/kWh

2000: 3 INR/kWh

1. Onshore: Onshore wind turbines are placed in hilly and mountainous places and are at least three kilometers away from the nearest shore.

2. Near-shoreNear-shore wind turbines are installed

within three kilometers from the nearest shore or on water within

ten kilometers from land.

3.Offshore Offshore wind turbines’ developement zones are at least ten kilometers away from land.

TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

Why Wind Energy?Wind, for now, is the renewable energy resource/technology of choice“Free” resourceA “clean” resource due to:

Replacement of a “dirty” energy source (coal) and, No emissions associated with its use

Can be utilized on underutilized land or on lands currently in commodity crop production (“harvest” on the surface and “harvest” above the surface)

Wind Energy Benefits

No air emissions

No fuel to mine, transport, or store

No cooling water

No water pollution

No wastes

Types of wind turbine

HAWT

VAWT

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)

1920 :Invented by G. M. Darrieus (French Engineer): Darrieus Rotor

500 kW, 34m long was undertaken in 1980 by Sandia national Lab, USA but leaving the business in 1997

Common HAWT Construction

Rotor

• Blades are connected to a hub, which is connected to a shaft• Rotational speed will depend on blade geometry, number of blades, and wind

speed (40 to 400 revolutions per minute typical speed range)• Gear box needed to increase speed to 1200-1800 RPM for generator

Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Blade DesignBlade Design

3D View of 1.5 mw turbine

Rotor must move more rapidly to capture same amount of wind

– Gearbox ratio reduced– Added weight of

counterbalance negates some benefits of lighter design

– Higher speed means more noise, visual, and wildlife impacts

Blades easier to install because entire rotor can be assembled on ground

Captures 10% less energy than two blade design

Ultimately provide no cost savings

Number of Blades – One

Advantages & disadvantages similar to one blade

Need teetering hub and or shock absorbers because of gyroscopic imbalances

Capture 5% less energy than three blade designs

Number of Blades - Two

Balance of gyroscopic forces

Slower rotation– increases gearbox &

transmission costs– More aesthetic, less

noise, fewer bird strikes

Number of Blades - Three

Steel– Heavy & expensive

Aluminum– Lighter-weight and easy

to work with turbine– Expensive– Subject to metal fatigue

Blade Composition Metal

Features of major Components & Systems

Tubular Tower for better load carrying capacity Designed stiffness to eliminate critical natural frequencies Designed to reduce the dynamic stresses to minimum Load Separation plate inserted inside foundation for better stability and better load distribution. Ergonomically designed tower internals with necessary safety equipment, like fall arrester Superior cable management systems with specific designed clamp for less wear and tear while twisting Epoxy coating Ultrasonic and Radiography tests Less maintenance as compared to lattice

Tower

Nominal Power -1500 kW Rotor diameter - 82 m

Hub height- 78.5mRotor cone angle- 4.3°Swept area -5281 m2

Rotor speed (at rated power) -16.30 rpmRotational speed 15.6 -18.4 rpm

Tip speed (at rated power)- 70 m/sBlade length -40 m

Generator Stator Voltage -690 VSpeed at rated power and shortcut rotor-

1,511 rpmStart wind 4 m/sStop wind 20 m/s

Technical specification Tower

Turbines: Different Sizes and Applications

Small (10 kW)• Homes (Grid-connected)• Farms• Remote Applications

(e.g. battery changing, water pumping, telecom sites)

Intermediate

(10-500 kW)• Village Power• Hybrid Systems• Distributed Power

Large (500 kW – 5 MW)

• Central Station Wind Farms

• Distributed Power• Offshore Wind

Wind Turbine Size-Power Comparison

Nacelle for 1.65-MW turbine

Nacelle56 tons

Tower3 sections

Workers Blade112’ long

Wind Turbine Perspective for 1.5mwWind Turbine Perspective for 1.5mw

Wind Turbine Technology

0 5 10 15 20 250

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

Wind Speed (m/s)

MW

2.0

0

P ti

250 v wi

0 5 10 15 20 250

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Wind Speed (m/s)

MW Pw vw

i

vwi

Power curve for a 1.5 MW variable-speed, pitch-controlled wind turbine. Note “flatness” of output for wind speeds at or above rated value

Source: AWEA

Wind farms

Most wind turbines are rather small in generating capacity (e.g., 50 to 500 kW. There are some very large units to about 1 MW. At these power levels, many turbines are needed to obtain desirable power levels – typically well above 100 MW. The many turbines are often organized into ‘wind farms’ as shown here. 27

Source: http://www.sharonpavey.org/luppitt-looking-forward-to-a-sustainable-future/

Source: http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=100757&print=1

ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER:

1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. 2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause green house gases or other pollutants. 3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue. 4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape. 5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply. 6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world. 7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.

DISADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER:

1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all. 2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy. 3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car travelling at 70 mph. 4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly. 5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution. 6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100 000 people?