Wind energy by gsg
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Transcript of Wind energy by gsg
Wind Energy
At a
Glance
Introduction
Why Wind Energy ?
Wind Farm of 1 MW capacity saves 200 MT of Coal
annually Wind Farm of 1 MW avoids emission of
pollutant gases annually as under :
Sulphur dioxide 2 - 3.2 MT
Nitrogen dioxide 1 - 2.4 MT
Carbon dioxide 300 - 500 MT
Particulate like fly ash 150 - 280 kgs.
Average temperature rise of around 1 to 3.5oC by
year 2100 – a rate of warming greater then at any
time over the last 10,000 years.
Fuel source is free, abundant and inexhaustible.
It's a clean fuel source.
Wind power is cost effective.
A real fast track power project, with the lowest
gestation period; and a modular concept.
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs are low.
No marketing risks, as the product is electrical
energy which is always in demand.
Creates employment and regional growth.
Benefits of Wind Energy :
Wind turbine manufacturers (including EPC).
Developers (buy or lease windy land, finance the
installation, O&M after the warranty period).
Private consultants and contractors (provide
specialized skills or knowledge, meteorologist,
technical comparisons b/n the products, due
diligence).
Electric utilities(SEBs).
Land owners.
Key Players in the Wind Power Project Development
Transmission challenges – Power evacuation infrastructure
facility is inadequate.
Lack of collaborative research between academic institutions
government and private industries.
Harnessing low velocity wind regimes.
Wind power forecasting.
Storage techniques.
Offshore wind farm development.
Repowering old wind farms.
Human Resource Development for the sector.
Wind Energy Challenges :
Leitwind Shriram Manufacturing Limited
Global Wind Power Limited
Suzlon Energy Pvt Ltd Chiranjjeevi Wind Energy
Limited,
Enercon India Limited Gamesa Wind Turbines Private
Limited,
Vestas Wind Technology Pvt Ltd GE India Industrial Private
Limited,
Inox Wind Limited, Kenersys India Private Limited,
NuPower Technologies Private
Limited, Pioneer Wincon Private Limited
Regen Powertech Private
Limited,
RRB Energy Limited,
Siva Windturbine India Private
Limited, Southern Wind Farm Limited
Wind Manufacturers in India :
Wind Energy
Statistics
Development of wind turbine size
Year Capacity (kW) Rotor dia (m)
1985 50 15
1989 300 30
1992 500 37
1994 600 46
1998 1500 70
2003 3000-3600 90-104
2004 4500-5000 112-128
Wind
Energy
Map of
India
State-wise Wind Power Installed Capacity In India till 31.03.2015
State Total Capacity (MW)
Andhra Pradesh 1038.15
Gujarat 3642.53
Karnataka 2639.45
Kerala 35.1
Madhya Pradesh 876.7
Maharashtra 4437.9
Orissa -
Rajasthan 3308.15
Tamil Nadu 7456.98
Others 4.3
Total (All India) 23439.26
What is Wind Power ?
Wind Power - What is it?
Wind is a form of solar energy.
Winds are caused by the uneven
heating of the atmosphere by the sun,
the irregularities of the earth's
surface, and rotation of the earth.
Wind flow patterns are modified by the
earth's terrain, bodies of water, and
vegetative cover.
This wind flow, or motion energy,
when "harvested" by modern wind
turbines, can be used to generate
power or electricity.
How Wind Power is generated ?
The terms "wind energy" or
"wind power" describe the
process by which the wind is used
to generate mechanical power
or electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic
energy in the wind into
mechanical power.
This mechanical power is
converted into electricity.
Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower
to capture the most energy.
At 100 feet or more aboveground, they can take
advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind.
Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-
like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted
on a shaft to form a rotor.
Wind Turbines
Simply stated, a wind turbine
is the opposite of a fan.
Instead of using electricity to
make wind, like a fan, wind
turbines use wind to make
electricity.
The wind turns the blades,
which spin a shaft, which
connects to a generator and
makes electricity.
How wind projects are developed ?
The current estimate of wind energy potential is 10
times the amount of electricity consumption for the
entire country.
This strong wind resource varies across the country by
region and topography.
Wind energy projects are developed by companies that
seek out the areas with the strongest wind resource but
also review other critical factors like access to land, access
to the transmission lines, ability to sell the electricity, and
other significant development factors. (Contd….)
How wind projects are developed ?
Once a site is identified, a developer will conduct wind resource
assessment, siting and permitting, transmission studies over a
period of several years.
The majority of wind projects are located on private land, where
the developer leases the land from the original landowner
providing lease payments. After early stages of development, a
developer will seek out a contract with a purchaser of electricity,
raise capital from the finance markets, order wind turbines, and
hire a specialized construction company to build the project.
Once a project is built and delivering electricity to the power grid,
a project owner or operator will maintain the project for its 20 to
30 year life.
Types of Electricity
Generating
Windmills
Types of Electricity Generating Windmills
Small (10 kW)
Homes
Farms
Remote Applications
(Example:
water pumping, telecom
sites, ice-making)
Types of Electricity Generating Windmills
Intermediate
(10-250 kW)
Village Power
Hybrid Systems
Distributed Power
Types of Electricity Generating Windmills
Large (250 kW - 2+MW)
Central Station
Wind Farms
Distributed Power
Types of
Wind Turbines
There are two types of
wind turbines.
Vertical axis wind turbines
and
Horizontal axis wind turbines.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Vertical axis wind turbines
have the main rotor shaft
arranged vertically.
The main advantage of this
arrangement is that the wind
turbine does not need to be
pointed into the wind.
This is an advantage on sites
where the wind direction is
highly variable or has
turbulent winds.
Different types of
vertical axis
Wind
Turbines
Vertical Axis Turbines Advantages
Omnidirectional.
Accepts wind from any angle.
Components can be mounted at ground level.
Ease of service.
Lighter weight towers.
Can theoretically use less materials to capture
the same amount of wind.
Vertical Axis Turbines Disadvantages
Rotors generally near ground where wind poorer.
Centrifugal force stresses blades.
Poor self-starting capabilities.
Requires support at top of turbine rotor.
Requires entire rotor to be removed to replace
bearings.
Overall poor performance and reliability.
Have never been commercially successful.
Horizontal Axis
Wind
Turbines
Different types of
Horizontal axis
Wind
Turbines
How does a Wind Turbine works ?
How wind energy works ?
When wind blows past a turbine,
the blades capture the energy
and rotate.
This rotation triggers an internal
shaft to spin, which is connected
to a gearbox increasing the
speed of rotation, which is
connected to a generator that
ultimately produces electricity.
Anatomy of Wind Turbine
Components of Wind Turbine
Components of Wind Turbine
Anemometer
Measures the wind
speed and transmits
the wind speed data
to the controller.
Components of Wind Turbine
Blades
Lifts and rotates
when wind is
blown over them.
Most turbines have
either 2 or 3
blades.
Components of Wind Turbine
Brakes
Stops the rotor
mechanically,
electrically,
hydraulically in
emergencies.
Components of Wind Turbine
Gear Box
Connects low speed
shaft to the high speed
shaft and increases the
rotational speed from
30-60 RPM to 1000-
1800 RPM.
This is the rotational
speed required for most
generators to produce
electricity.
Components of Wind Turbine
Nacelle
Nacelle sits atop of the
tower and encloses
various components.
Some Nacelles are large
enough to accommodate
helicopter landing also.
Components of Wind Turbine
Hub
The blades are
directly bolted to the
hub.
The hub is fixed to
the rotor shaft which
drives the generator
directly or through a
gearbox.
Components of Wind Turbine
Generator
Converts the mechanical
energy produced by the
rotor into electricity.
Different design produce
either DC or AC current.
Tower
Towers are made from tubular steel, Lattice structure or concrete.
Because the wind speed increases with the height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate electricity.
Components of Wind Turbine
Tower Types
Tubular Lattice Guyed Pole
Components of Wind Turbine
Other important components includes:
Other important components includes:
Disadvantages of
Wind Energy :
Noise Disturbances.
Threat to Wildlife.
Wind Can Never Be Predicted.
Suited To Particular Region.
Maintenance cost of wind turbines is high.
Requires large open areas for setting up wind farms.
Also require lot of area to be acquired /developed
for movement of wind turbine components.
The average efficiency of wind turbine is very less as
compared to fossil fuel power plants.
Disadvantages of Wind Energy :
Future of Wind Energy :
The potential of wind energy is far from being utilized. It is
estimated by the Indian Wind Energy Association that the Wind
power potential for all the states of India put together would
be in the order of 1.5 GW.
It can sustain the growing needs of electricity of the Indian
consumers in a sustainable way.
The wind energy market in India has been growing since the
last many years.
India has set a target of achieving overall wind energy installed
capacity of 27,300 MW by 2017 and 38,500 MW by 2022.
By 2020, wind power could prevent more than 1 billion tons of
carbon dioxide from being emitted each year world wide.
Future of Wind Energy :
Wind Technology
Upgradation
Wind Turbine without Blades
The conical shape harnesses the oscillating motion caused by the wind and converts that to kinetic energy
Wind Turbine without Blades
Thank You