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WiMAX By Assad Saleem Slide 2 2 Wireless Communication Standards Personal Area Network (PAN) Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Slide 3 3 Personal Area Network IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) IEEE 802.15.1.1a (Bluetooth) IEEE 802.15.3.a (Ultra-Wide Band or Bluetooth Future) Slide 4 4 Local Area Network IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g Slide 5 5 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) WiMAX IEEE 802.16d (Fixed) IEEE 802.16e (Mobile) Cellular Communications Standards 3GPP Based (GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE) 3GPP2 Based (cdmaOne, cdma2000-1XRTT, 1xEV-DO, Rel-A, Rel-B, Rel-C) Slide 6 6 Standards Organization IEEE 3GPP 3GPP2 IETF WiMAX Forum OMA FMC ETSI ETSI TISPAN Slide 7 7 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) WiMAX IEEE 802.16d (Fixed) IEEE 802.16e (Mobile) Cellular Communications Standards 3GPP Based (GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE) 3GPP2 Based (cdmaOne, cdma2000-1XRTT, 1xEV-DO, Rel-A, Rel-B, Rel-C) Slide 8 8 Evolution of Standards Slide 9 9 What is the Cause of Evolution Slide 10 10 Demand for High Data Rates High Data Rates:- (DL 46 Mbps, & UL 14 Mbps in 10 MHz channel) Due to MIMO, flexible sub-channelization, advanced coding & modulation Slide 11 11 Scalability in Channelization 1.25 MHz Channel Bandwidth 5 MHz Channel Bandwidth 10 MHz Channel Bandwidth 20 MHz Channel Bandwidth Slide 12 12 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) WiMAX IEEE 802.16d (Fixed) IEEE 802.16e (Mobile) Cellular Communications Standards 3GPP Based (GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE) 3GPP2 Based (cdmaOne, cdma2000-1XRTT, 1xEV-DO, Rel-A, Rel-B, Rel-C) Slide 13 13 1st Generation of Telecommunication Systems Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) Developed and introduced in North America in early 1980s Operates in 800-MHz band 821 to 849 MHz for upstream and 869 to 894 MHz) for downstream Total Access Communication Services (TACS) European version of AMPS operates in 890 to 915 MHz 890-915 for upstream and 935-960 MHz for downstream. Slide 14 14 AMPS/TACS These systems were narrow band and analog. Slide 15 15 2nd Generation Of Telecommunication Systems 2G was a major advancement over 1G Used digital radio technology Enabled to Use better multiplexing techniques, Enabled to digitize voice to increase spectral efficiency. Offered superior voice quality Offered better radio resource utilization over 1G Slide 16 16 GSM Year 1992 2G Used digital radio technology deployed worldwide except Japan Slide 17 17 2.5 Generation of Telecommunication Systems Internets fast growth triggered demand for data services CS GSM offered data services by adding SGSN GGSN Offered 128 Kbps of data service but not essentially faster services Slide 18 18 2.75 Generation Telecommunication Systems EDGE, an enhanced version of GPRS Used 8PSK at high & GMSK at lower data rates Provided data rates of up to 384 Kbps 2.5G+ strived to enhance per-user data rates over 2G But demand for even higher data rates was there It triggered the formation of 3GPP to work on 3G Slide 19 19 2.75 Generation Telecommunication Systems EDGE Year 2002 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EDGE was the final evolution in GSM Demand for even higher data rates lead to form 3G and 3GPP Deployed worldwide except Japan Slide 20 20 Evolution at a Glance 2G GSM, GPRS, and EDGE were standardized by ETSI Transferred to 3GPP for maintenance 3GPP updates specifications in the form of releases 3G Release 99 was the first release to provide basic 3G standard Followed by Release 4 Release 5 Release 6 Release 7 and recently Release 8 B3G 3.5 G and 3.9 G (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, evolved HSPA, and currently SAE/LTE) 4G No clear Definition of 4G Slide 21 21 Advanced Wireless Communications Support MAN, WAN, wireless local-loop application, and 4G wireless telephony Provide high data rate, MIMO services Efficient use of available spectrum and bandwidth Tolerant to channel distortion and multipath Slide 22 22 WiMAX WiMAX is a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Based upon Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) signaling Software Radio Prototyping Components are available to support applied research of OFDM signaling and MIMO system performance. Slide 23 23 WiMAX WiMAX is a standard: For Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access It is based on IEEE 802.16 Standards WiMAX is a Technology to provide broadband applications in more optimized way compared to existing wireless technologies Slide 24 24 WiMAX Specified for Non line-of-sight connectivity Access within the range of 50 Km Frequency Bands from 2 GHz to 11GHz Applications Replacement for DSL; potentially less expensive while providing higher bandwidth Suitable for multimedia and faster internet accessibility Slide 25 25 WiMAX WiMAX has two Flavors 802.16d (Not Forward Compatible) 802.16e 802.16m Fixed/Portable/ Nomadic WiMAX is expected to deliver 40 Mbps in 3-10 Km cell Last mile broadband connections Hotspots and Cellular backhaul OFDM Mobile WiMAX is expected to deliver 5 Mbps in 1.3-3 Km cell Vehicular speeds > 120 km/hr NLOS OFDMA 802.16j is another Standard for Multi-hop relay Slide 26 26 Fixed/Mobile Scenario Slide 27 27 Where Does WiMAX Play? Small and Large Enterprises Public Network Residential Broadband Portable, Nomadic and Mobile Access Wireless Backhaul Hot Spot Slide 28 28 What is WiMAX Forum (WF)? Established April 2001 Sponsors IEEE & ETSI (HiperMAN) Members >500 companies (as of Oct 26 07) Service Providers Equipment Vendors Device Vendors Semiconductor Slide 29 29 Objectives of WF Support FIXED & MOBILE access Ensure Interoperability/Certification Resolve Regulatory Issues Facilitate Roaming Agreements Slide 30 30 WiMAX WiMAX is the acronym for Worldwide for Microwave Interoperability Access IEEE standard for Broadband Wireless MAN Access, referred as IEEE 802.16 IEEE approved its first version in 2001 which was later published in year 2002 An alternative solution to the existing DSL, cable, and T1/E1 technology for the last mile access Slide 31 31 WiMAX would Win or Loose? i.e. Would it become a Broadband Mobile Wireless Standard??? vs Slide 32 32 WiMAX MAY Win Why? 7 Reasons of WiMAX Success Slide 33 33 1. Early Time to Market Vs Contending Technologies Early Time to Market because Got ready made PHY from IEEE. Aggressive efforts of Intel, etc. Slide 34 34 2. Operators willingness towards Deployments Some established operators will use WiMAX as a Complimentary Solution for broadband evolution & for off-loading traffic on existing network e.g. Sprint, USA Some have already Deployed (e.g. Korea, Pakistan-Pre Commercial Service) Some have completed and some are doing Field Trials (e.g., USA, Europe, Japan) Some aggressive ones are not Discouraged by difficulties e.g. Spectrum Issues in Japan Some established operators will use WiMAX for Data only e.g. KDDI, Japan Slide 35 35 3. WiMAX is Cost Effective WiMAX is based on IEEE standard IEEE has RAND Policy that ensures fair IPR licensing practices. It reduce royalties WiMAX is interoperable Well Planned Strategy of WiMAX forum right from the start, as opposed to Wi-Fi WiMAX is Adopted by ETSI It makes it adoption global and ensure economies of scale thus lower cost low. WiMAX Operates on IP Platform Substantially reduces operating/capital cost WiMAX is a Dedicated Data Network (contrast to Mobile Networks) It has enough capacity and spectrum for high speed data services at affordable rates WiMAX Spectrum is also expected to be significantly lower in price. 55% operators believe WiMAX a lower cost of delivery compared to 3G In most cases, CPE will be user-funded. Thus Mobile WiMAX systems are expected to come in at 10% the cost per bit of CDMA. TelecomView shows that ROI for WiMAX is 2-3 times better than 3G technologies Slide 36 36 4. WiMAX is attractive option for Green Field Operators Mobile WiMAX System is ideal for green field operators Built from scratch Free from issues like legacy/backward compatibility Attractive for developing and under served markets 50% of countries still have GSM (GPRS not deployed yet) Sprint still have EvDO Rev-0 (and is behind Verizon) Wateen in Pakistan, a green field operator decided to deploy WiMAX Slide 37 37 5. Superior Performance Simulations show that WiMAX has better Spectral Efficiency (More than two times) Slide 38 38 5. Superior Performance Simulations show that WiMAX has better Performance than existing cellular systems Number of Required Base Stations Lower path loss Better penetration Lower Doppler shift Better mobility Low complexity in design interference immunity Less weather-induced impairments Higher transmit powers Slide 39 39 6. WiMAX has Booming market demand Slide 40 40 7. Some Other Factors Removal of a Threat from 802.20 (Suspension of 802.20 on June 20th 2006) Plug & Play (Easy Installation) WiMAX does not require a truck roll in installation and operation of CPE Easy installation reduces CPE cost (zero cost over the time) Slide 41 41 WiMAX May Not Win? Why? 7 Reasons of WiMAX Failure Slide 42 42 1. Existing 3G Investments Some Operators are Reluctant because of Existing Multi-billion dollars investments in 2G/3G Particularly those who have gone far in advanced 3G E.g. Deployed HSPDA Additional site acquisition and construction costs considerations Slide 43 43 2. Evolution of 3G The main competition is from SAE/LTE Had WiMAX been developed a few years earlier, it had been a sure success. In fact development of WiMAX actually triggered 3G Evolution WiMAX triggered both camps to have aggressive and competitive time schedule. In absence of WiMAX, 3G operators might have further delayed introduction of 4G until 2012- 2015 Slide 44 44 3. Varity of Options SAE/LTE HSPA/HSPA+ HSDPA EvDO Rev-A EvDO REV B EvDO REV C Though WiMAX is less costly, availability of large number of options may increase the bargaining capacity of operators to get reduction in the equipment price Slide 45 45 4. Spectrum Issue (Source WiMAX Forum) Slide 46 46 4. Spectrum Issue 2.5 GHz is not internationally available Licensed 3.5 GHz:, though widely available internationally, but suffers from huge inconsistencies in different countries e.g., in the pricing, regulations, bandwidth and conditions attached to those licenses 5GHz attractive for many Applications because it allows higher power output (4 Watts), but Mobility feature becomes less attractive in higher spectrum Slide 47 47 4. Spectrum Issue Lack of sufficient Spectrum availability across the Globe May hinder 802.16e to become a global mobile standard. May block WiMAX efforts to take an important place in 4G Slide 48 48 5. Formation of WMC Formation of WMC may split WiMAX world into two The WiMAX-802.16e and The WiBro (Pre-WiMAX) The activities of the WMC may conflict with those of the WiMAX Forum in Technology and Regulatory improvements WMC may create a large island of Wi-Bro deployments. This may cause Limited roaming and interoperability capabilities with WiMAX- 802.16e. Serious delay in achieving global roaming and harmonization around full 802.16e. Slide 49 49 6. Difficulties of Ensuring Seamless Mobility Difficulties of ensuring seamless portability or mobility across network Slide 50 50 7. Absence of content and applications Absence of content and applications Slide 51 Bibliography [1]Harris, F., Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. [2]Vaidyanathan, P.P., Filter Banks in Digital Communications, IEEE, 2001. [3]Vaidyanathan, P.P., and Vrcelj, B., Transmultiplexers as Precoders in modern digital communication : a tutorial review, 1999. [4]WiMAX Forum, Mobile WiMAX Part 1 : A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation, 2006. [5]WiMAX Forum, Mobile WiMAX Part 1 : A Comparative Analysis, 2006. [6]WAVE Report, OFDM Tutorial available at www.wave-report.com/tutorials/OFDM.htm, 2001. [7]National Instruments, Getting Started with LabVIEW available at www.ni.com, 2005. [8]National Instruments, LabVIEW Fundamentals available at www.ni.com, 2005. [9]National Instruments, LabVIEW : FPGA Module User Manual available at www.ni.com, 2003. [10]National Instruments, NI Communications Systems Design Pioneer Program available at www.ni.com, 2006. [11]National Instruments, NI PCI-5640R Specifications available at www.ni.com, 2006. [12]IEEE Computer Society, and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, 802.16 IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16 : Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, 2004. [13]IEEE Computer Society, and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, 802.16.2 IEEE Recommended Practice for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Coexistence of Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, 2004. [14]IEEE Computer Society, and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, 802.16 IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16 : Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 1 : Management Information Base, 2005. [15]IEEE Computer Society, and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, 802.16 IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16 : Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2 : Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile operation in Licensed Bands, Corrigendum 1, 2005. [16]National Instruments, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing available at www.ni.com, 2004. [17]Wong, I., Han, K., and Doyle, A., IEEE 802.16a Simulator available at http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~iwong/IEEE80216aSim.htm, 2004. [18]Hosking, R. H., Putting FPGAs to Work Software Radio Systems, Part 1 available at www.rfdesignline.com, 2007. [19]Texas Instruments, Telecom Overview, available at www.ti.com, 2007. Slide 52 Questions? Slide 53 Thank You.