WiMAX 16e Frequency Planning V1.0

WiMAX Wireless Network WiMAX Wireless Network Frequency Planning Frequency Planning

(802.16E)(802.16E)Issue 1.0

Contents

WiMAX Overview

WiMAX Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode & Frequency Reuse Mode

WiMAX Typical Networking Mode

WiMAX Network Expansion Solution

Evolving Wireless Landscape

TDMA

GSM GPRS~150kbps

EGPRS384kbps

WCDMA2Mbps

cdmaOne

GSM

PDC

cdmaOne EVDO Rel.02.4Mbps

1992-2000

cdma20001x144bps

TD-SCDMA(China)

HSDPA14Mbps(2006)

HSUPA(2008)

AIEEVDO Rev.A3.1Mbps(2006)

LTE

WiMAX802.16-2004

OFDM

2000-2004 2004-2008

Mobile WiMAX802.16-2005SISO/OFDMA

SIMO/MIMO AAS

Mobile WiMAX will be available before LTE, AIE!

Cellular Network (GSM, UMTS, HSPDA, …)

Fixed Network (xDSL, …)

BWA (WiMAX 802.16d, 802.16e, …)

1 10 1000,01 0,1 Bandwidth(Mb/s)

Fixe

dW

alk

Vehi

cle

High Speed

Suburban-incar

Personal

Urban fixed

Mobility

On foot

Urban-incar

Nomadic

What Can WiMAX Do?

Mobile WiMAX can satisfy both Mobility and Broadband Access!

Canada2.3/2.5GHz3.5/5GHz

USA1.5/2.3GHz2.5/5GHz

C & SA2.5/3.5GHz

5GHz

ME & A3.5GHz5GHz

Europe3.5GHz5GHz

Russia2.3/2.5/3.5GHz

5GHz

Asia Pacific2.3/3.3/3.5GHz

5GHz

Each geographical region defines and regulates its own set of licensed and license-exempt bands, as shown in the previous figure. WiMAX global applications are mainly used in 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.8GHz frequency bands, of which 5.8GHz is a license-exempt band.

Spectrum by Region

Contents

WiMAX Overview




What is OFDMA?

Frequency

sub-carrier-N

sub-carrier-1

Time Bandwidth

sub-carrier-2

sub-carrier-3

sub-carrier-4

Guard Time

OFDM Slot/FrameIFFT

IFFT

IFFT

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 SN

SN+1 SN+2SN+3SN+4OFDM Symbol (FTT duration) S2N

OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Access

OFDMA is the foundation for 4G!

1. OFDM is a multi-carrier system2. Available bandwidth is divided into many narrow bands.3. Data is transmitted in parallel on these bands.

OFDMA Frame StructureOFDMA Frame Structure

OFDMA frame is a time-frequency two-dimensional structure. The y axis is the sub-channel and the x axis unit is symbol.

Pre

ambl

eDL Sub-frame TTG UL Sub-frame RTGLast Frame

Power

Time

FCH

DLMAP

ULMAP

ULMAP

DL Burst#2

DL Burst#4

DL Burst#3DL Burst#1

DL Burst#6

DL Burst#7

DL Burst#5

ACK

Burst#1

Ranging

Fast Feedback (CQICH)

Burst#2

Burst#3

Burst#4

Burst#5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 …… N ……0 1 2 3 4 MGuard Symbol

1

S

N

Sub

-cha

nnel

Log

ical

N

umbe

r

Next Frame

Allocation of Sub-carrierAllocation of Sub-carrier

… … …………

Pilot sub-carrier Data sub-carrierGuard sub-carrier

DC sub-carrier

10MHz*(28/25)=10.94KHz*1024

PUSC: Partial used sub-carrier

FUSC: Full used sub-carrier

Band AMC: Adaptive modulation and coding

Sub-channel

Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: DL-FUSCDL-FUSC

……

…………

Pilot sub-carrier Data sub-carrier

Guard sub-carrier

DC sub-carrier

120 12 36 39 84884086 Sub-carrier 87 Sub-carrier

Disadvantages: In the case of single-band networking, there is large interference at the cell edge. Pilot positions of adjacent sector FUSC replacement areas are the same. Pilots are always transmitted in rated power. The pilot signal to interference ratio (SIR) determines the quality evaluated by channels and the terminal demodulation capability. Therefore, it is unavailable to use PUSC to reduce the interference. Advantages: FUSC resources are used, high spectrum efficiency

Only DownlinkOnly Downlink

1. Determine the positions of 82 pilot sub-carriers. FUSC replacement mode includes two groups of pilots: a group of fixed pilots and a group of variable pilots. Fixed pilots appears in each OFDM symbol. The variable pilots fall into two sub-sets, which occur by alternating parity symbols. The pilot positions of adjacent sector FUSC replacement area are the same. Pilots are transmitted in rated power.

2. Except 173 guard sub-carriers, 1 DC sub-carrier and 82 pilot sub-carriers, assign the rest 768 data sub-carriers to each sub-channel.

3. Divide the rest 768 data sub-carriers into 48 groups. Each group contains 16 consecutive sub-carriers. 4. Obtain a data sub-carrier from each group (the obtain mode is related to DL_Permbase) to form the sub-channel. Theref

ore, there are 16 sub-channels. Each sub-channel consists of 48 data sub-carrier.

DL-PUSC

Parameters Values

System bandwidth (mhz) 1.25 2.5 5 10 20

FFT size (nfft) 128 N/A 512 1024 2048

Number of guard sub-carriers 43 N/A 91 183 367

Number of cluster/sub-channels 6/3 N/A 30/15 30 120/60

Number of used sub-carriers 85 N/A 421 841 1681

Number of data sub-carriers 72 N/A 360 720 1440

Number of pilot sub-carriers 12 N/A 60 120 240

Even Symbol

Odd Symbol

Disadvantage: Although the single-band networking is implemented, each sector can only use 1/3 of all frequency resources, and the system spectrum efficiency is low. Advantage: Adjacent sectors use conflict-free sub-channel resources to ensure that the SIR in the cell is high. MS can receive signals from multiple adjacent sectors to implement soft switch or quick BTS selection.

Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: DL-PUSCDL-PUSC

PUSC protocol specifies that downlink PUSC replacement area is the replacement area that must occur in the frame structure. Detailed assignment mode of PUSC is as follows (take 1024 as an example):

1. Except guard sub-carriers and DC sub-carriers, divide the 840 available sub-carriers into 60 physical clusters. Each physical cluster consists of 14 consecutive sub-carriers, and cross two symbols on time. 2. Convert the physical cluster into logical cluster by certain mapping relation. The conversion mode of local cluster of the first replacement area, PUSC replacement area, fixed conversion mode, and PUSC with all sub-carriers is related to DL_PermBase, which is determined by upper-level management entity. 3. Divide all logical clusters into 6 groups. 4. Allocate pilot sub-carrier in the cluster of each group, and divide the rest data sub-carrier to the sub-channel.

UL-PUSC

Parameters Values

System bandwidth (mhz) 1.25 2.5 5 10 20

FFT size (Nfft) 128 N/A 512 1024 2048

Number of guard sub-carriers 31 N/A 103 183 367

Number of tiles 24 N/A 102 210 552

Number of sub-channels 4 N/A 17 35 92

Number of sub-carriers per tile 4 N/A 4 4 3

Number of used sub-carriers 97 N/A 409 841 1681

Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode:Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: UL-PUSC UL-PUSCSymbol 0

Symbol 1

Symbol 2

Data carrier Pilot carrier

Tile

Feature: Tile is the minimum unit in the sub-channel assignment. The minimum collision unit of uplink is

tile. If adjacent sectors use a same time, the demodulation performance will be greatly affected.

PUSC is shorted for partial used sub-carrier. A uplink slot includes one sub-channel and three symbols. There are totally 48 data sub-carriers and 24 pilot sub-carriers. The minimum unit of uplink assignment is tile. Each sub-channel has 6 tiles. Each tile consists of 4 consecutive sub-

carriers, and cross three symbol lengths on time.

UL_PUSC assignment procedure (take 1024 as an example) Divide the 840 available sub-carriers except for guard sub-carriers and DC sub-carriers into 210 tiles. Separate all tiles into 6 groups. Each group consists of 35 consecutive tiles. Obtain one tile from the 6 groups (the obtain method is related to UL_Permbase) to from a sub-channel. 35 sub-chan

nels can be formed in total. Each sub-channel consists of 6 tiles.

Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode:Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: DL-PUSC DL-PUSC with All SCwith All SC

PUSC is shorted for partial used sub-carrier. PUSC with a

ll sc refers to the PUSC replacement mode of all used ba

ndwidth resources.

In this replacement area, the divisions of logical clusters and

sub-channels in each group are related to the downlink replac

ement DL-PermBase.

If each cell uses different DL-PermBase, the sub-channels r

elated to each cell only consists of part of the same sub-carri

ers, thus effectively reducing the co-channel interference.

32 1

PUSC with all SCPUSC

Feature: For users whose SIR meets certain conditions,

use PUSC with all sc can fully use all spectrum

resources.

Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: BandBand AMCAMCBand-AMC

Parameters ValuesSystem Bandwidth (MHz) 1.25 2.5 5 10 20FFT Size (Nfft) 128 N/A 512 1024 2048Number of guard sub-carriers 19 N/A 79 159 319Number of used sub-carriers (Nused) 109 N/A 433 865 1729

Number of pilots (Npilots) 12 N/A 48 96 192Number of data sub-carriers 96 N/A 384 768 1536Number of bands 3 N/A 12 24 48Number of bins per band 4 N/A 4 4 4Number of sub-carriers per bin (8data+1pilot) 9 N/A 9 9 9

Number of sub-channels 2 N/A 8 16 32

BAND AMC BIN structure

8 data tones

1 pilot tone

Mobile wimax profile specifies that both uplink and downlink can use the band AMC assignment mode.

Sub-channels of band AMC are consecutive. No matter uplink or downlink, each sub-channel has independ

ent pilots.

Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: Sub-Carrier Assignment Mode: BandBand AMCAMCBand AMC assignment procedure:

Separate all available sub-carriers into groups. Nine consecutive sub-carriers is a unit group, which is called "bin". Each bin

consists of 8 data sub-carriers and a pilot sub-carrier.

Assign each bin into sub-channels. Each assignment slot must have 48 data sub-carriers, namely, 6 bins. The possible

assignment modes are: 1 bin x 6 symbols, 2 bins x 3 symbols, 3 bins x 2 symbols, and 6 bins x 1 symbol. Common MAP can

only use the 2 bins x 3 symbols assignment mode.

Advantage: Sub-carriers of each sub-channel are consecutive. For a user, there must be some sub-channels have better conditions. The channel independence of each user can ensure that each user assigned with AMC can enjoys the best channel condition and obtain the multi-user diversity gain, which is greater than the gain of frequency diversity.

Disadvantage: BS needs the channel condition of each user, and assigns resources in a unified way. The channel conditions of a user must be stable. It is not fit for users in high-speed mobility.

Independence of wireless channel to different users

Frequency Reuse ModeFrequency Reuse Mode

The network is divided into clusters of N cells, S sector per cell, and K different frequency allocations per cell.

N×S×KRed lines in the figure indicates the interference of a same direction and frequency.

When selecting the frequency reuse mode, consider comprehensively the influence of frequency resources and interference.

Data

400 chips

Scalability of Channel BandwidthScalability of Channel Bandwidth

CDMA 1.2288MHz

WCDMA 3.84MHz

GSM 200KHz

1MHz - 20MHz

Network planning solution can select different channel bandwidths according to the customer frequency resources and capacity requirements.

Channel bandwidth can be adjusted in the range from 1M to 20MHz based on the actual requirement.

The scalability of channel bandwidth makes the WIMAX frequency division greatly different from that of the current 2G/3G system.

SummarySummary1. DL_PUSC and DL_FUSC assignment modes: A sub-carrier is the minimum unit of sub-channel

division. Sub-carriers of a sub-channel are widely distributed in the entire frequency band. Higher frequency diversity gain can be obtained.

2. UL_PUSC: Although sub-carriers of sub-channels are also distributed in the entire frequency band, the tile consisting of four consecutive sub-carriers with 3 consecutive symbols is the minimum unit. Thus, for UL_PUSC, avoid the conflicts between sub-channels as much as possible.

3. BAND AMC: Sub-carriers in each sub-channel are consecutive, thus, sub-carriers in a sub-channel has similar attenuation. Because the channel of each user is independent, multiple users can get resources with fine channel condition; therefore, the system can get greater multi-user diversity gain.

WiMAX network planning aims at the OFDMA network planning. WiMAX network planning aims at the OFDMA network planning.

For the sub-carrier assignment mode, select FUSC, PUSC, or For the sub-carrier assignment mode, select FUSC, PUSC, or FFR. Different sub-carrier assignment mode can respectively get FFR. Different sub-carrier assignment mode can respectively get the diversity gain and multi-user gain.the diversity gain and multi-user gain.

Typical applications of frequency reuse mode include 1*3*3 and Typical applications of frequency reuse mode include 1*3*3 and 1*3*1. When selecting the frequency reuse mode, consider 1*3*1. When selecting the frequency reuse mode, consider comprehensively the frequency resources and system interference. comprehensively the frequency resources and system interference.

Contents

WiMAX Overview




All BTS use one frequency point. Three sectors of a BTS is a reuse cluster. The three sectors use respectively 1/3 sub-channel in a frequency point. The same directional sectors of different BTSs use the same sub-channel.

UplinkUplink DownlinkDownlink

• Three sectors of a BTS is a reuse cluster. The three sectors use respectively 1/3 sub-channel in a frequency point. The same directional sectors of different BTSs use the same sub-channel.

• Ensure that the sub-channels of adjacent sectors in one BTS do not conflict. All sectors use the same PermBase.

F1F1

1122

33

1122

3311

2233

1: logical sub-channel 1-11;2: logical sub-channel 12-23;3: logical sub-channel 24-35

F1F1

1122

33

1122

3311

2233

1: Segment 0: 0-92: Segment 1: 10-193: Segment 2: 20-29

Typical Applications: PUSC 1x3x1Typical Applications: PUSC 1x3x1

Both uplink and downlink use PUSC replacement.

Advantages:Advantages: The entire network enjoys co-channel. Soft handover can be implemented. Do not need complex scheduling method of sub-carrier replacement mode. The implementation is e

asy and the system expense is small. The system interference is small. There is no sub-channel conflict between adjacent sectors of a B

TS. The coverage range is wide. Cost of initial network construction is low,

and the network construction risk is low. Network construction is fast, the interference is easy to be

controlled, and the network planning and optimization are simple.

The spectrum utilization is low. Network capacity is small.

Disadvantages:

1. Adapt to situations with integrated operator frequency resources and consecutive frequency bands. 2. If the frequency point bandwidth is wide (>=10MHz), it can be used as the initial network construction mode of the urban or densely-populated urban areas. Basically satisfy the phase one capacity requirements.3. Use relatively narrow frequency point bandwidth (<=10MHz) to implement wide coverage of suburban and rural areas; thus reducing the initial network construction cost. 4. Preferred networking mode of early WiMAX 16e. Applicable scenarioApplicable scenario

Typical Application: PUSC 1x3x1Typical Application: PUSC 1x3x1

Adapt to initial Adapt to initial networknetwork

constructionconstruction

There are three frequency points. Three sectors in a BTS is a reuse cluster. The three sectors in one BTS use respectively a frequency point.

F1F1

F3F3F2F2

F1F1

F3F3F2F2

F1F1

F3F3F2F2

Fully use the dispersed frequency resources of the operator. Do not need complex scheduling method of sub-carrier replacement mode. The i

mplementation is easy and the system expense is small. The system interference is small. There is no co-channel interference between a

djacent sectors of a BTS. Sub-channel conflict and interference of co-channel cells are small.

The coverage range is wide. Cost of initial network construction is low, and the network construction risk is low.

Network construction is fast, the interference is easy to be controlled, and the network planning and optimization are simple.

Advantages:Advantages:

The spectrum efficiency is low, which is similar to the single frequency point PUSC 1*3*1 reuse.

Cannot implement soft handover.

Disadvantages:

1. Adapt to situations that the operator frequency resources are rich or frequency bands dispersed and bandwidth is narrow.2. The system capacity is dependent on the bandwidth of single frequency point. If the bandwidth of frequency point is wide (>=5MHz), it can be used on initial network construction of dense or common urban. If the bandwidth of frequency point is narrow (<5MHz), it can be used on coverage of suburban and rural areas. Applicable scenarioApplicable scenario

Typical Application: FUSC 1x3x3 (PUSC Typical Application: FUSC 1x3x3 (PUSC with all SC 1x3x3)with all SC 1x3x3)

Satisfy large-capacitySatisfy large-capacityrequirementsrequirements

The downlink adopts the FUSC or PUSC with all SC replacement, and the uplink adopts the PUSC with all SC replacement.

Typical Application: FFR 1x3x1Typical Application: FFR 1x3x1All BTSs use one frequency point, which, on one hand, ensures the coverage and use partial sub-carriers on the cell edge; on the other hand, increases the spectrum usage and use all sub-carriers near the BTS.

ULUL1. Areas far away from the BTS use the PUSC replacement mode and the 1x3 reuse. Three sectors of each BTS use respectively 1/3 sub-channel of PUSC. All sectors use the same UL-PermBase.2. The PUSC with all SC replacement mode is used in the cell central area. And adjacent sectors use different PermBase to reach a interference even effect.

DLDL1. Areas far away from the BTS use the replacement mode and the 1x3 reuse. Three sectors of each BTS use respectively two groups of the six logical cluster groups in the PUSC assignment mode. All sectors use the same DL_PermBase. 2. The PUSC with all SC or FUSC replacement mode is used in the cell central area. Adjacent sectors use different PermBase to reach an interference even effect.

The system frequency reuse is close to 1.

PUSC with all SC

PUSC

1122

33

The UL and DL scheduling assignments are implemented through the measurement and judgment of users on self C/I and RSSI.


Disadvantages:

Use the single frequency point networking, which can implement soft handover.

The spectrum efficiency is high, and the sector capacity is large. Sub-channel scheduling is flexible. Use excellent sub-channel scheduling me

chanism to use frequency resources to the maximum extent.

The complex sub-carrier replacement mode and sub-channel scheduling algorithm are hard to be implemented.

The system interference level is related to the quality of sub-channel scheduling mechanism. Co-channel interference exist on adjacent sectors in a BTS. The load is in positive correlation with the channel conflict probability and the co-channel interference.

1. If the product has excellent sub-carrier replacement mode and sub-channel scheduling mechanism, the networking solution is one of the preferred networking modes of WiMAX 16e.2. The typical application can be used for initial network construction of dense urban areas and areas of middle or high traffic. 3. The networking mode can be used as the expansion solution of single frequency point 1x3 reuse mode. Applicable scopeApplicable scope

PreferredPreferrednetworkingnetworking

Typical Application: FFR 1x3x1Typical Application: FFR 1x3x1

Example 1Example 1Assume the customer has two 10M frequency resources, as follows:Assume the customer has two 10M frequency resources, as follows:

10MHz

25102500

10MHz

25902580

According to the product performance, you can consider the following frequency According to the product performance, you can consider the following frequency planning solutions:planning solutions:

1. PUSC 1*3*1 5MHz, can be expanded to S444 theoretically. 1. PUSC 1*3*1 5MHz, can be expanded to S444 theoretically.

2. PUSC 1*3*1 10MHz, can be expanded to S2222. PUSC 1*3*1 10MHz, can be expanded to S222..

3. FUSC 1*3*3 5MHz, can be expanded to S111, remain 5MHz frequency 3. FUSC 1*3*3 5MHz, can be expanded to S111, remain 5MHz frequency resources.resources.

The frequency planning solution is more flexible, selecting the solution based on network development and maximum

frequency efficiency

Example 2Example 2Assume the customer has independent 10M and 5M frequency Assume the customer has independent 10M and 5M frequency resources, as follows:resources, as follows:

10MHz

25102500

5MHz

5852580

Based on the product performance, the following frequency planning Based on the product performance, the following frequency planning solutions can be considered:solutions can be considered:

1. Adopt FFR 1*3*1 10MHz for the initial networking. 1. Adopt FFR 1*3*1 10MHz for the initial networking. 2. If the capacity increases later, adopt FFR 1*3*1 5MHz for 2. If the capacity increases later, adopt FFR 1*3*1 5MHz for expansion. expansion.

In the WiMAX network planning, mixed networking of multiple channel bandwidths can be used for frequency resources.

Capacity Performance in Different Capacity Performance in Different Networking ModesNetworking Modes

The spectrum usage in ascending order is as follows: PUSC 1X3X1 < FUSC 1X3X3 < FFR1X3X1 frequency reuse mode

Frequency planning(SISO)

PUSC 1x3x1(10MHz)

FUSC 1x3x3 (30MHz)

FFR 1x3x1 (10MHz)

Spectrum efficiency (bps/Hz/Sector) 0.55 1.79 0.72

Spectrum efficiency (bps/Hz/Cell) 1.65 1.79 2.16

Average BTS throughput of different modes TDD Ratio=35:12

Average spectrum efficiency of different modes

Mbps

Interference Analysis of Different Interference Analysis of Different Networking Modes - C/INetworking Modes - C/I

FUSC 1*3*3FUSC 1*3*3 FFR 1*3*1FFR 1*3*1PUSC 1*3*1PUSC 1*3*1

C/I general change trend: The interference of FFR 1*3*1 is the worst. The interferences of PUSC 1*3*1 and FUSC 1*3*3 are similar.

DLDL

FUSC 1*3*3FUSC 1*3*3 FFR 1*3*1FFR 1*3*1PUSC 1*3*1PUSC 1*3*1

ULUL

Interference Analysis of Different Interference Analysis of Different Networking Modes - SignalNetworking Modes - Signal

FUSC 1*3*3FUSC 1*3*3PUSC 1*3*1PUSC 1*3*1 FFR 1*3*1FFR 1*3*1

General change trend of signals:

PUSC 1*3*1 > FFR 1*3*1 > FUSC 1*3*3 (PUSC with all SC 1*3*3)

SummarySummary1. PUSC 1*3*1, applied to initial network construction, can be expanded to FFR 1*3*1.

2. FUSC 1*3*3, applied to large-capacity network construction, with enough frequency resources.

3. FFR 1*3*1, the system frequency reuse is close to 1, is the preferred networking mode in later network construction.

Network planning is more flexible!

Contents

WiMAX Overview




Increasing Channel BandwidthIncreasing Channel BandwidthCurrently, Huawei can support 5M/10MHz channel bandwidth. In the follow-up procedure, other values specified in protocols, such as 3.5MHz can also be supported. When there are available consecutive frequency bands, you can directly expand the system channel bandwidth from 5MHz to 10MHz, thus doubling the system capacity.

Have no impact on original network. Network re-planning is not required. The capacity increases with the channel bandwidth.


Disadvantages Additional spectrum resources are required, and the spectrum resources of new

channel bandwidth must be consecutive. Relevant channel bandwidth must be supported by products. (simple) The solution only fits for entire network expansion.

5MHz5MHz 10MHz10MHz

Adding Carrier (Multi-Carrier Adding Carrier (Multi-Carrier Configuration)Configuration)

Operators need remaining spectrum resources. To keep original coverage, adding carriers require additional power. The same sector can support adjacent carrier configuration. If there is

condition, do not use adjacent carriers to reduce interference. The expansion is related to the original frequency reuse mode. As the number

of carriers increase, the system capacity becomes smaller. Generally, the number of multi-carriers is no less than 4.

When there are additional spectrum resources, adopt the multi-carrier configuration mode to increase the system capacity. Multi-carrier configuration refers to that configure multiple different carriers in the sectors of a BTS.


Disadvantages:

Only require adding devices, which has little impact on the original network. Network re-planning is not required.

The system capacity increases with the carrier number. The expansion effect is obvious.

One sector supports the multi-carrier networking of different bandwidths.

Adopting MIMO TechnologyAdopting MIMO Technology

By using the MIMO Matrix_A technology, the link signal quality can be effectBy using the MIMO Matrix_A technology, the link signal quality can be effectively increased. In the same condition, users can use higher-efficiency code ively increased. In the same condition, users can use higher-efficiency code modulation mode; thus, increasing the capacity of the entire system.modulation mode; thus, increasing the capacity of the entire system.By using the MIMO Matrix_B technology, the original capacity can be doubleBy using the MIMO Matrix_B technology, the original capacity can be doubled theoretically. d theoretically.

Advantages:Advantages: Do not need additional carrier resources. Have little impact on original network. Network re-planning

is not required. Expansion effect is obvious.

Limitations:Limitations: The product needs to support the MIMO function. Partial devices need be replaced (such as band board

and RF equipment). The cost is high. The solution only fits for the condition that original

existing network device does not support MIMO.

Adopting AAS TechnologyAdopting AAS Technology

Omni Antennas Smart Antennas

Through directional transmit signals, suppress the interference of transmitter on users of a same cell or neighbor.

Through the space signal integration, increase the transmit antenna gain of specified directional MS and reduce the transmit power.

Increase the coverage range and improve the spectrum usage.1.MAP message are spread in the cell, and transmitted to all users; therefore, DL-MAP cannot

obtain gains from AAS. Because MAP messages cannot be reliably transferred in the expand area, AAS expansion area cannot used for cell planning.

2. If AAS is in the complex propagation environment such as urban area, the system gain obtained is less than that of suburban or rural environment.

3. The AAS capacity gain is increased in non-linear way, not similar to MIMO. Four antenna beams add about 50% capacity.

4. AAS design is based on TDD mode. In the WiMAX FDD mode, because the uplink and downlink frequencies are different, the channels are not reliable.

5. The support of AAS to mobility is to be improved. The AAS relies on accurate fast evaluation, in high-speed terminal cases, because the channel environment is complex, AAS is hard to support the mobility.

Sector Splitting Sector Splitting Sector splitter indicates that reduce the coverage angle of each sector by half to expand the typical 3-Sector splitter indicates that reduce the coverage angle of each sector by half to expand the typical 3-sector BTS into 5-sector BTS. sector BTS into 5-sector BTS.

Similar to cell splitting. However, the sector splitting does not need to add new sites to avoid difficulties in site location obtaining.

New spectrum resources are not required. The system capacity is increased significantly with the number of BTS sectors.

Advantages: Advantages:

Limitations: Limitations: The sector splitting solution has strict requirements on interference control. The expansion method of sector splitting is used together with AAS new antenna technology.

The greater the sector splitting is, the less the increasing range of system capacity is. Generally, the number of sectors in a BTS after the sector splitting shall be less than 6.

Adding Site -- Cell SplittingAdding Site -- Cell Splitting

Do not affect original networking mode. Only need to add sites. The expansion is easy. Do not need support of enhanced technology. Expansion does not affect the entire network.


Disadvantages: This expansion mode gets capacity by adding sites. The expansion cost is

high. If the sites are densely distributed, the interference cannot be controlled,

which brings difficulties to network optimization.

Adding Sites -- Micro-CellAdding Sites -- Micro-Cell

This expansion mode fits for various networking modes. It reduces the original network load by adding indoor coverage in hot-spot or buildings with high-traffic, such as business building, hotels and gymnasiums with large users.

Macro-cell consecutive coverageMacro-cell consecutive coverage

Micro-cell/in-door coverageMicro-cell/in-door coverage

Do not affect original networking mode. Adding sites in high-traffic area is used to attract most traffics. The original macro-cell ensures the consecutive coverage.

The expansion implementation is easy. Do not need the support of enhanced technology.


Disadvantages: Need to add sites. The expansion cost is high. Require the seamless handover between hot-spot

area and macro-cell.

Macro-cell consecutive coverageMacro-cell consecutive coverage

Expansion solution

Advantages Disadvantages Typical scenario

Add channel bandwidth

(1) Capacity increases in linear way with channel bandwidth.(2) Have little impact on original network. Network re-planning is not required.

Require additional spectrum resources. Only fits for entire network expansion. Operators have idle frequency resources (consecutive).

Add carriers (multi-carrier configuration)

Same as above Same as above Adapt to cases that operators have remaining spectrum recourses (not consecutive) or cannot support higher channel bandwidth.

Use MIMO technology

1. Do not need additional carrier resources.2. Have little impact on original network. Network re-planning is not required.

The product needs to support the MIMO function, and needs to replace partial devices (such as baseband board and RF devices). The cost is high.

Only adapt to conditions that existing network equipment does not support MIMO, and the operator is willing to pay for upgrading.

Adopt more tight frequency reuse mode

New spectrum resources are not needed.

More tight frequency reuse mode has higher requirement on system design, especially the load control and sub-carrier scheduling algorithm.

Adapt to various scenarios (select flexibly according to product technology maturity).

Sector splitting New spectrum resources are not needed.

Sector splitting solution has strict requirements on interference control. The expansion mode of sector splitting is used together with new antenna technology such as AAS.

Adapt to the scenario that AAS is used in the intelligent antenna system. It is not a choice of Huawei expansion.

Add micro-cell Final method of expansion Select new sites, and need to re-optimize the original network in a large scale. The cost is high.

Adapt to areas needing large-scale expansion.

SummarySummary

ReferenceReference

Thank Youwww.huawei.com

WiMAX 16e Frequency Planning V1.0

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Transcript of WiMAX 16e Frequency Planning V1.0