WILSON’S PEACE PLAN
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Transcript of WILSON’S PEACE PLAN
WAR CHRONOLOGYApril 1917: USA declares warBolshevik Revolution pulls Russia out of warGermans try to launch a massive offensive
before the U.S. can mobilize its forces
March-June 1918: Germans move towards Paris
June: US Troops arrive and hold off the Germans at the Battle of Belleau Wood
Germans make a last attempt to take ParisJuly-August 1918: The Second Battle of the
MarneLast German offensive*Defeated by USA and France
Americans push north into BelgiumBattle of the Meuse-Argonne
Largest US involvement: 26,277 killed95,786 wounded
American victory
• The US government spent more money in 1917-1918 than in the previous 125 years total!!!
• No American tanks were used. Our industry was unprepared for war.
• About 10 million people died in WWI• 37.5 million total casualties
WILSON’S PEACE PLANTHE FOURTEEN POINTS
Purpose: to eliminate the causes of war
“We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us . . . and made life impossible unless they were corrected and the world secured once and for all against their recurrence. What we demand is that the world be made fit and safe to live in.”
THE FOURTEEN POINTS1. Open Alliances (no secrets)2. Free navigation of the seas in peace
and war3. Free Trade4. Reduction of Arms in all nations5. Grant the citizens of colonies the right
to determine their own government14. League of Nations
THE COST OF WWIMONEY SPENT LIVES LOST CASUALTIES
U.S.A. $22 billion 116,000 350,000 (8%)
ENGLAND $38 billion 947,000 3,200,000 (36%)
FRANCE $26 billion 1,385,500 6,160,000 (73%)
RUSSIA $18 billion 1,700,000 9,150,000 (76%)
ITALY $13 billion 460,000 2,197,000 (39%)
GERMANY $39 billion 1,806,000 7,142,000 (65%)
AUST-HUNG. $21 billion 1,200,000 7,000,000 (90%)
TOTALS $300 billion 8,538,315 37,500,000
The Big 4• Wilson = USA• Lloyd-George = England• Clemenceau = France• Orlando = Italy
• Henry Cabot Lodge (Strong Reservationists) fight against the Treaty in the USA
• The Treaty of Versailles never passes in the US
RESULTS OF THE WAR1. Map of Europe re-drawn: New
Boundaries2. Communism in U.S.S.R.3. Dynasties collapse in Russia, Germany,
Austria-Hungary4. European landscape destroyed5. European population decreased
RESULTS OF THE WAR6. Economic Depression7. Anger & Hatred in Germany8. USA becomes the most powerful nation
in the world9. US women get suffrage