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![Page 1: Wilma Schreuders 68 th Canadian Geotechnical Conference Quebec 2015 © 2015, XL Catlin companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO1 XL DESIGN PROFESSIONAL.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef25503460f94c046a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Wilma Schreuders
68th Canadian Geotechnical Conference
Quebec 2015
© 2015, XL Catlin companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO
XL DESIGN PROFESSIONAL
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2© 2013, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO
XL Catlin – Fast Facts - Canada
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XL Catlin
• A publicly traded company on NYSE (stock ticker: XL)
• *Shareholders’ equity of $11.9 billion
• * Total assets $45.4 billion• Through its subsidiaries, a
provider of: Insurance and Reinsurance Specialized commercial risk
management solutions
*As of December 31, 2012
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XL Catlin
• Serve clients in over 100 countries• More than 1,600 global programs• Over 4,000 employees • 600 Underwriters…and growing• 400 Claims Experts…and growing• 200 Engineers…and growing
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XL Catlin Segments in Canada
• Casualty Primary Casualty Umbrella and
Excess Automobile
• Environmental
• Professional Risk Directors and
Officers Professional
Liability
• Construction Builder Risk Professional Environmental Surety Sub Contractor
Default
• Property Power and Energy Large HPR/Risk
Managed
• Fine Arts and Specie
• Specialty Products Recall Equine Aviation Rail Marine Cyber and
Technology Political Risk and
Trade Credit Kidnap and Ransom Terrorism
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XL Design Professionala Division of XL Catlin
• 27 years in Canada• 40 years in USA• Specializing in Professional Liability for
Design Professionals• Exceptional Claims Service• Industry leading Loss Prevention
Programs
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Risk Drivers:Classification of Causes
• TechnicalError and/or omission of a technical nature that results in a loss prevention file or claim
• Non-technicalBreakdown in project management processes or business practices that leads or contributes to a loss prevention file or claim
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8© 2013, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Negotiation and Contracts
Client Selection Project Team Capabilities
Communication
2001
2014
Percentage of Claims Affected
Top 4 Non-Technical Risk Drivers
13%
16%
24%
27%
6%
23%
25%
39%
© 2013, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO
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9© 2013, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO
Comparative Claims Experience
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10© 2013, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO
Geotechnical Engineers
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERSWho Sues Geotechnical Engineers?
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERSTypes of Damages
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERSFrequency & Severity (by project type)
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© 2015, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved.
WHY DON’T WE LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE?
A simple process for improving your process delivery and profitability
Bob vanArsdallDirector of Market and Sector AnalysisXL Insurance’s design professional group
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Agenda
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• I have to convince you why you need to do them
• I have to show you how to do them• I need to help you overcome cultural
barriers to them• I need to leave you with hope for change
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© 2013, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved. I MAKE YOUR WORLD GO
Why you need post-project reviews
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Changes in the A/E sector 2003-2014 US & CA
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1 to 5 6 to 25 25 to 100 101+0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Total Percent of Firms in Sector - 2003 Total Percent of Firms in Sector - 2012
Percent of Revenue by Size - 2003 Percent of Revenue by Size - 2012
Employees
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What do these things have in common?
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• Design-Build• Construction Management• Construction Management at-risk• Public-Private Partnerships• Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)• Lean Construction
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NIST Study on Construction Interoperability 2004
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• “Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry” (fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build04/PDF/b04022.pdf )
• Identified inefficiencies in US federal DBB procurement amounting to $15.8B/year
• Owners and operators shoulder 2/3 of this cost
• 7% of total comes from designers
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NIST findings
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• Software incompatibilities• Rework• Change Orders (from poor advance
planning)• Poor logistical control
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2006 – XL Group study
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• 8 design firms from varied disciplines and sizes
• 6-month study to identify and quantify causes of project write-offs
• On average firms were writing off 5%-7% of total project profit
• Specific causes:• Rework• Scope creep
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Canadian-Specific Studies
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• University of Alberta – The Field Rework Data Collection
• Over 16 papers from 1999-2012
• Rework averaging 10% of total construction costs
• “Developing a standard methodology for measuring and classifying construction field rework”, Fayek, Dissanayake, Campero, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2004, Vol. 31, No. 6 : pp. 1077-1089
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One detailed Canadian study
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“Analysis of a Construction Small-Projects Rework Reduction Program for a Capital Facility”, Di Zhang, master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, 2009, p. 83
Three contractors, $22.34MM contracted, 292,929 total labor hours
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2012 Navigant Construction Forum
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• Direct cost of rework is between 4.03% and 6.05% of original contract cost with a median of 5.04%
• For every dollar of direct cost there is an indirect cost of almost 80%
• Including indirect costs results in a total range of 7.25% to 10.89% with a median of 9.07%(“THE IMPACT OF REWORK ON CONSTRUCTION & SOME PRACTICAL REMEDIES” Navigant Consulting, August 2012)
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More Navigant findings
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• Schedule impact of rework• Average delay is approximately 19% of
original project schedule• Result is 9.82% schedule growth (72 days on
a two-year project)
• Trend is going up!• 20 studies between 2002-2011 demonstrated
3% growth
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Navigant suggestions
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• Use of BIM and Virtual Design & Construction (VDC)
• Early and continuous stakeholder involvement
• Design freeze prior to start of construction
• Bid-ability review• Necessary due to unclear scopes• Different interpretations of project
requirements
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Lessons here
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• You may be doing excellent design work, but you aren’t addressing the owners’ real needs.
• You may have your firm under control, but the entire design and construction sector needs innovation.
• Delivering value to owners will be rewarded handsomely, as few are doing it.• Value is in the owner’s eyes, not the
designer’s• Value changes over time (Slywotsky, Value
Migration)
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How to conduct post-project reviews
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First, why post-project reviews?
• Biggest bang for your buck, investment-wise
• Most immediate impact on your firm, time-wise
• (Relatively) easy to instigate• Models already exist
• After-Action Reviews – Canadian Forces since the 1970’s
• Physician’s “M&M Conference”
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Starting the process
• A Post-Project Review should address four questions:
1. What was expected to happen?
2. What actually occurred?
3. What went well and why?
4. What can be improved and how?
But what is the absolute first step for consulting designers?
Establish a job number for the reviews
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Why a job number?
• Without a job number it isn’t trackable• Without a job number it will get combined
into total overhead• Without a job number you will not be able
to measure return on your investment.
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How much time is involved?
• Stick to an agenda: start and stop times• Start with maximum two: break out problems for further
study• Rule of thumb: 20 minutes per participant
(if everyone is prepared)
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Theme or Focus
• Can be chronological, by phase, by billing period – any logical stream
• Start with what went well (if anything)• What didn’t go as planned?• What didn’t we anticipate? How can we avoid that in the
future?• What control do we have over the situation? Can we get it?• What do we need to change the outcome next time?
• Skills, personnel, authority, attention, intelligence (military)
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The Four Questions
• Project Budget• Expected vs. Actual – Why?
• Scope• Expected vs. Actual – Why?
• Schedule• Expected vs. Actual – Why?
• Profit Expectations• Plan vs. Actual (after write-offs and calculated
cost of capital)
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The Five Why’s
• From root cause analysis:• Ask “Why?” five times
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Beyond the Four Questions
• What is in our control?• What can we do to change the
outcome next time?• No meeting ends without specific
action items
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Example: Measuring rework
• Cultural problems
• The billable hour
• Admitting to problems
• Lack of training in root cause analysis
• Framing “opportunities for improvement”
• Reward surfacing problems
• Hewlett-Packard saying, “We need to learn how to make mistakes faster.”
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Aggregation & segmentation(Four categories of rework)
• Value-added – new features and benefits• External events changing scope• E&O• Risk response
Question: are these potentially positive or negative to the firm? Which can be anticipated?
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Aggregation & segmentation(Four categories of rework)
• Value-added – new features and benefits• Seek change order from owner – a positive event
• External events changing scope• Positive if chargeable; negative if unforeseen and
uncharged. Can it be anticipated in future?• E&O
• positive in that E&O is avoided; negative in that it causes rework. Can it be anticipated in future?
• Risk response• Can be positive of negative. Anticipation again
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Suggestions
• Assign a job code to rework itself• Don’t punish staff for rework, analyze
why it occurs• Find out whether certain areas generate
more rework than others• Again, ask, “Why?”• Measure, improve, repeat
• Chart success for everyone to see
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Risk Management Cycle
Client Selection
Contracts
MatchCapabilities
CommunicationIncreased Profit
Internal Investment Projects
StaffRevenue
Improved Quality
Improved Project Management
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The Conundrum
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How do I invest when I’m not making any money?
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The answers, of course
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• It is not an event, but a process• Small investments on a consistent basis
pay off better than large expenditures one time
• As quality and staff performance improve, earnings improve
• Post-Project Reviews are a good place to start
• If you aren’t improving your firm, who will?
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© 2015, XL Group plc companies. All rights reserved.
QUESTIONS ?
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Legal DisclaimerCanada
48
•XL Group is the global brand used by XL Group plc’s insurance subsidiaries. In Canada, coverages are underwritten by XL Insurance Company Limited – Canadian Branch, an XL Group plc company. Coverage not available in all jurisdictions.•This presentation is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For legal advice, seek the services of a competent attorney.
•Any descriptions of insurance provisions are general overviews only. THE INSURANCE POLICIES, NOT THIS PRESENTATION, FORM THE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE INSURED AND THE INSURANCE COMPANY. Insurance coverage in any particular case will depend upon the type of policy in effect, the terms, conditions and exclusions in any such policy, and the facts of each unique situation. No representation is made that any specific insurance coverage would apply in the circumstances outlined herein. Please refer to the individual policy forms for specific coverage details. All coverages are subject to individual underwriting judgments and to applicable legal requirements.
XL Group is the global brand used by XL Group plc’s insurance subsidiaries.