William the Conqueror (1066-1087) - Nyíregyházi …...William Wallace -1297 Braveheart (movie)...
Transcript of William the Conqueror (1066-1087) - Nyíregyházi …...William Wallace -1297 Braveheart (movie)...
William the Conqueror (1066-1087)
The system of feudalism
Serfs ( jobbágyok)Homage (hűbéreskü)To pay / do homageVassals (hűbéresek, vazallusok)
1086 – Domesday Book
John Lackland (1199-1216)
O Magna Carta - 1215It was signed at Runnymede.
The struggle between Church and State
O Henry II (1154 – 1189)
O Thomas Becket –was murdered in CanterburyCathedral in 1170
Simon de Montfort
O 1258 – a council of nobles was elected and called PARLIAMENT (=discussion meeting in French)
O Edward I – House of Commons
Edward I (1272-1307)
O WalesO 1284 – Edward united west Wales with England
O 1301 - At a public ceremony at CAERNARFON Edward made his own baby son Prince of Wales
Edward I (1272-1307)Government
O kings were crowned in WestminsterO treasury in Winchester
O administration also moved to Westminster
Edward ILaw and justice
O Henry I – the ‘king’s peace’
O Common law
O rest of Europe: Civil Law of the Roman Empire and Canon Law of the Church
Robin Hood
Edward I, the Hammer of the Scots
O 1290 – crisis over succession to the Scottish throne
- 13 heirs: John de Balliol and Robert Bruce
- Scottish nobles invited Edward I to settle the matter
Stone of Destiny
O Coronation Chair, Westminster Abbey
William Wallace - 1297
Braveheart (movie)
Robert Bruce
Robert Bruce1314 – Bannockburn near StirlingScotland looked for an ally: FranceThe Auld Alliance
France vs England
O France had lots of troubles with rebellious vassals, especially the Duke of Burgundy and the Duke of Aquitaine (=King of England)
O 1324 – the French king seized port of Gascogny
O Burgundy – its province: Flanders
The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453
O 1356 Poitiers – French king was taken prisoner
England controlled Acquitaine, Normandy, Brittany, Calais
O The King of Scots attacked England1346
O end: England lost all its possessions in France except for Calais
Edward III (1327-1377)
O The age of chivalryO The perfect knight:- fought for his good name- served God and king- defended any lady in need
Black Death 1348-9
O A terrible plagueO 1/3 of the population of Britain died