William Terzaghi Spring 2013
description
Transcript of William Terzaghi Spring 2013
![Page 1: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
William Terzaghi
Spring 2013
Bio 369: Plant Physiology
![Page 2: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
COURSE OVERVIEW1) Understanding how plants work.
![Page 3: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
![Page 4: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2• 5% (max) can be stored in organics
![Page 5: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2• 5% (65W/m2) can be stored• Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)
![Page 6: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2• 5% (65W/m2) can be stored• Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)• Plants must have high surface area & low metabolism
![Page 7: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Photosynthesis
![Page 8: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Photosynthesis• Nutrition
![Page 9: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Photosynthesis• Nutrition• Metabolism
![Page 10: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Understanding how plants work.• Photosynthesis• Nutrition• Metabolism• Growth & development
![Page 11: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
COURSE OVERVIEW1) Understanding how plants work.2) Understanding how plant physiologists work.
• Method
![Page 12: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
COURSE OVERVIEW1) Understanding how plants work.2) Understanding how plant physiologists work.
• Method• Technology
![Page 13: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Plan AStandard lecture course
![Page 14: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Plan BStandard lecture course, except:
![Page 15: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Plan BStandard lecture course, except:1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
![Page 16: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plan BStandard lecture course, except:1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
![Page 17: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Plan BStandard lecture course, except:1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project3.20% of grade will be “elective”• Paper• Talk• Research proposal• Poster
![Page 18: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Plan BStandard lecture course, except:1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project3.20% of grade will be “elective”• Paper• Talk• Research proposal• Poster• Exam
![Page 19: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Plan B schedule- Spring 2013Date TOPIC
JAN 14 General Introduction16 plant structure I18 plant structure II 21 plants and water I23 plants and water II25 mineral nutrition I28 mineral nutrition II30 solute transport I
FEB 1 solute transport II4 Photosynthetic light reactions I6 Photosynthetic light reactions II8 Calvin cycle11 C4 and CAM13 Environmental effects15 Phloem transport I18 Exam 1
![Page 20: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 Phloem transport II22 Respiration I25 Respiration II27 Respiration III
MAR 1 Lipid synthesis4 Spring Recess6 Spring Recess8 Spring Recess11 Biofuels13 Nutrient assimilation I15 Nutrient assimilation II18 Cell wall synthesis and growth I20 Cell wall synthesis and growth II22 Growth and development I25 Growth and development II27 Light regulation of growth I29 Easter
APR 1 Easter
![Page 21: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
APR 3 Light regulation of growth II5 Growth regulators I8 Growth regulators II10 Growth regulators III12 Growth regulators IV15 Exam 217 Elective19 Elective22 Elective24 Elective26 Elective29 Elective
May 1 Elective Last Class!
??? Final examination
![Page 22: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Possible elective topics
1) Plant defense compounds2) Control of flowering3) Blue-light responses4) Plant stress responses5) Plant pathogens6) Plant movements (heliotropism, venus fly traps, etc)7) Plant neurobiology8) Plants and global warming9) Organelle genetics10) Plant biotechnology11) Phytoremediation12) Lamarckian evolution13) Self-incompatibility
![Page 23: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lab ScheduleDate TOPICJan 18 General introduction, plant structure
25 Water potential and transpirationFeb 1 Mineral nutrition
8 Light reactions of photosynthesis15 CO2 assimilation, C3 vs C4 and CAM22 Environmental effects on CO2 assimilation
Mar 1 Respiration 8 Spring Recess15 Induction of nitrate reductase22 Growth and development I29 Easter
Apr 5 Independent project12 Independent project19 Independent project
26 Independent project
![Page 24: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.
![Page 25: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels
![Page 26: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels
What would make a good biofuel? How and where to grow it?Can we get plants/algae to make diesel, H2 (g) or electricity?
![Page 27: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
![Page 28: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
Can we use plants to clean up contaminated soil or water? What’s involved?What would be a good plant?
![Page 29: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)3. Climate change
![Page 30: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)3. Climate change
How will plants be affected? Can we use plants to help alleviate it?
![Page 31: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed
![Page 32: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed• Where do they make it?• What factors influence it?
![Page 33: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed5. Other plant products?
![Page 34: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed5. Other plant products?6. Organic farming, alternatives to herbicides & pesticidesCaffeine bioremediationSomething else?
![Page 35: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Plan CWe will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed5. Other plant products?6. Something else?
1.Pick a problem
![Page 36: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Plan C
1.Pick a problem2.Pick some plants to study
![Page 37: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Plan C
1.Pick a problem2.Pick some plants to study3.Design some experiments
![Page 38: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Plan C
1.Pick a problem2.Pick some plants to study3.Design some experiments4.See where they lead us
![Page 39: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Plan C
1.Pick a problem2.Pick some plants to study3.Design some experiments4.See where they lead us
Grading?Combination of papers and presentations
![Page 40: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Plan CGrading?
Combination of papers and presentations•First presentation:10 points •Research presentation: 10 points •Final presentation: 15 points •Assignments: 5 points each•Poster: 10 points•Intermediate report 10 points•Final report: 30 points
![Page 41: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William TerzaghiOffice: SLC 363Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointmentPhone: (570) 408-4762Email: [email protected]
![Page 42: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William TerzaghiOffice: SLC 363Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointmentPhone: (570) 408-4762Email: [email protected]
Course webpage: http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html
![Page 43: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William TerzaghiOffice: SLC 363Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointmentPhone: (570) 408-4762Email: [email protected]
Course webpage: http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html
Text: Taiz & Zeiger (2011). Plant Physiology, 5th Ed. Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland, MA. ISBN 978-0-87893-856-
![Page 44: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Plant Structure3 Parts
1. Leaf2. Stem3. Root
![Page 45: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Plant Structure3 Parts
1. LeafA. Cuticle = lipid barrier
![Page 46: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Plant Structure3 Parts
1. LeafA. Cuticle = lipid barrierB. Epidermis = barrier cells
![Page 47: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Leaf StructureA. Cuticle = lipid barrierB. Epidermis = barrier cellsC. Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
![Page 48: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Leaf StructureA. Cuticle = lipid barrierB. Epidermis = barrier cellsC. Stomate = gate controlled by guard cellsD. Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells
![Page 49: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Leaf StructureA. Cuticle = lipid barrierB. Epidermis = barrier cellsC. Stomate = gate controlled by guard cellsD. Mesophyll = photosynthetic cellsE. Bundle Sheath = control import/export
![Page 50: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Leaf StructureE. Bundle Sheath = control import/exportF. Vascular tissue = plumbing• Xylem = water & inorganics
• Dead!
![Page 51: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Leaf StructureE. Bundle Sheath = control import/exportF. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics• Dead!
• Phloem = sugars
![Page 52: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Leaf StructureE. Bundle Sheath = control import/exportF. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics• Dead!
• Phloem = sugars• Live!
![Page 53: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Plant StructureKranz anatomy = less mesophyll, more bundle sheath
![Page 54: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Plant Structure3 Parts
1. Leaf2. Stem
![Page 55: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Plant Structure3 Parts
1. Leaf2. Stem• Apical meristems create new shoot cells
![Page 56: William Terzaghi Spring 2013](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102602/568139bb550346895da15c94/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Plant StructureStem• Apical meristems create new shoot cells• Vascular cambium creates new xylem & phloem