WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. SHAKESPEARE 1563-1616 Stratford-on-Avon, England wrote 37 plays about 154...
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Transcript of WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. SHAKESPEARE 1563-1616 Stratford-on-Avon, England wrote 37 plays about 154...
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WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR
E
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SHAKESPEARE
1
563-1616
S
tratford-on-Avon, England
w
rote 37 plays
a
bout 154 sonnets
s
tarted out as an actor
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STAGE CELEBRITYA
ctor for Lord Chamberlain’s Men (London
theater co.)
A
lso was principal playwright for them
1
599 - Lord Ch. Co. built Globe Theater
where most of Sh. Plays were performed
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SHAKESPEARE WROTE:
C
omedies
H
istories
T
ragedies
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ROMEO AND JULIET
W
ritten about 1595
C
onsidered a tragedy
W
est Side Story (Movie) based on R & J
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THE THEATER
P
lays produced for the general public
R
oofless - open air
N
o artificial lighting
C
ourtyard surrounded by 3 levels of galleries
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SPECTATORSW
ealthy got benches
“
Groundlings” - poorer people stood and watched
from the courtyard (“pit”)
A
ll but wealthy were uneducated/illiterate
M
uch more interaction than today
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STAGING AREASS
tage - platform that extended into the pit
D
ressing & storage rooms in galleries behind & above stage
s
econd-level gallery - upper stage - famous balcony scene in
R & J
T
rap door - ghosts
“
Heavens” - angelic beings
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DIFFERENCESN
o scenery
S
ettings - referenced in dialogue
E
laborate costumes
P
lenty of props
F
ast-paced, colorful 2 +hours!
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ACTORS
O
nly men and boys
Y
oung boys whose voices had not changed play
women’s roles
W
ould have been considered indecent for a
woman to appear on stage
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ELIZABETHAN (QE1) WORDSA
n,and: If
A
non: Soon
A
ye: Yes
B
ut: Except for
E
’en: Even
E
’er: Ever
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QE1 WORDS (CONT.)
H
aply: Perhaps
H
appy: Fortunate
H
ence: Away, from her
H
ie: Hurry
M
arry: Indeed
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QE1 WORDS (CONT.)
W
hence: Where
W
ilt: Will, will you
W
ithal: In addition to
W
ould: Wish
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BLANK VERSE
M
uch of R & J is written in it:• unrhymed verse• iambic (unstressed, stressed)• pentameter( 5 “feet” to a line)• ends up to be 10 syllable lines
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PROSEO
rdinary writing that is not poetry, drama, or song•Only characters in the lower social classes speak this way in Shakespeare’s plays•Why do you suppose that is?
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PLOT
T
he sequence of events
in a literary work
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EXPOSITIONT
he plot usually begins with
this:• Introduces the:•setting•characters•basic situation
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INCITING MOMENT
O
ften called “initial incident”• the first bit of action that occurs which begins the plot•Romeo and Juliet “lock eyes” at the party
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CONFLICT
T
he struggle that develops•man vs. man•man vs. himself•man vs. society•man vs. nature
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CRISIS
T
he point where the
protagonist’s situation will
either get better or worse• Protagonist = good guy• Antagonist = bad guy
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CLIMAX
T
he turning point of the story;
everything begins to unravel
from here •Thus begins the falling action
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RESOLUTION
T
he end of the
central conflict
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DENOUEMENT
The final explanation or outcome of the plot•If this is included in literature, it will occur after the resolution.
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TRAGEDY (SHAKESPEAREAN)
Drama where the central character/s suffer disaster/great misfortune
• In many tragedies, downfall results from:• Fate• Character flaw/Fatal flaw• Combination of the two
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THEME
C
entral idea of the piece:I
nsight about life which explain the downfall
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METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE
C
omparison of unlike things:•Paris standing over the “lifeless body” of Juliet, “Sweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew…”•“Thou detestable maw…”Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth…” Romeo
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DRAMATIC FOIL
A
character whose purpose is
to show off another character•Benvolio for Tybalt• look for others in R & J
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ROUND CHARACTER
S
C
haracters who have
many personality
traits, like real people.
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FLAT CHARACTERS
O
ne-dimensional, embodying
only a single trait•Shakespeare often uses them to provide comic relief even in a tragedy
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STATIC CHARACTERS
C
haracters within a story who
remain the same. They do not
change. They do not change
their minds, opinions or
character.
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DYNAMIC CHARACTER
C
haracters that change
somehow during the course
of the plot. They generally
change for the better.
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MONOLOGUE
One person speaking on stage; may be other character on stage too• ex - the Prince of Verona commanding the Capulets and Montagues to cease feuding
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SOLILOQUY
L
ong speech expressing the
thoughts of a character alone on
stage. In R & J, Romeo gives a
soliloquy after the servant has fled
and Paris has died.
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ASIDE
W
ords spoken, usually in an
undertone not intended to
be heard by all characters
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PUN
S
hakespeare loved to use them!!!•Humorous use of a word with two meanings; sometimes missed by the reader because of Elizabethan language and sexual innuendo
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DIRECT ADDRESS
W
ords that tell the reader who is being
addressed:
“
A right fair mark, fair coz, is soonest hit.”
“
Ah, my mistresses, which of you all/ Will now
deny to dance?”
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DRAMATIC IRONY
A
contradiction between what
a character thinks and what
the reader/audience knows
to be true
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VERBAL IRONY
W
ords used to suggest
the opposite of what is
meant
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SITUATIONAL IRONY
A
n event occurs that directly
contradicts the expectations
of the characters, the reader,
or the audience
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COMIC RELIEF
U
se of comedy within
literature that is NOT
comedy to provide “relief”
from seriousness or sadness.