William Shakespeare 1564 - 1616 Life and Times What we know about Shakespeare comes from church...
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![Page 1: William Shakespeare 1564 - 1616 Life and Times What we know about Shakespeare comes from church documents and legal records. –Some documents that we.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5697bf821a28abf838c86150/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
William Shakespeare
1564 - 1616
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Life and TimesLife and Times• What we know about Shakespeare
comes from church documents and legal records.
– Some documents that we have are baptismal registration, marriage license, and records of real estate transactions.
• What we know about Shakespeare comes from church documents and legal records.
– Some documents that we have are baptismal registration, marriage license, and records of real estate transactions.
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Shakespeare’s LifeShakespeare’s Life• Shakespeare was an actor• By 1594, he was a charter member of the
theatrical company called Lord Chamberlains Men, which later become The Kings Men.
• The Kings Men were supported by King James
• Shakespeare was an actor• By 1594, he was a charter member of the
theatrical company called Lord Chamberlains Men, which later become The Kings Men.
• The Kings Men were supported by King James
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THEGLOBE
THEGLOBE
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The GlobeThe Globe Located on the south bank of the Thames The most famous London Playhouse Flew a flag to announce a performance Acting companies used boys to play female
roles. Shakespeare was a member of Lord
Chamberlain’s Company. Later called the King’s Men.
Located on the south bank of the Thames The most famous London Playhouse Flew a flag to announce a performance Acting companies used boys to play female
roles. Shakespeare was a member of Lord
Chamberlain’s Company. Later called the King’s Men.
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Theater continuedTheater continued
• In his play Henry V Shakespeare calls his theater the Wooden O
• Groundlings – people who stood around the stage for the price of a penny
• In his play Henry V Shakespeare calls his theater the Wooden O
• Groundlings – people who stood around the stage for the price of a penny
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The New Globe
The New Globe
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The wealthy’s view of the stageThe wealthy’s view of the stage
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“The Heavens” as seen by the groundlings
“The Heavens” as seen by the groundlings
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ELIZABETHANTHEATRE
ELIZABETHANTHEATRE
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Values of the RenaissanceValues of the Renaissance
• Development of Humanism – focus on humanity and human potential in the arts rather than religion.
• Patrons – Wealthy individuals and families who supported this movement.
• Development of Humanism – focus on humanity and human potential in the arts rather than religion.
• Patrons – Wealthy individuals and families who supported this movement.
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Values of the RenaissanceValues of the Renaissance
• “Renaissance Man” = ideal individual who mastered all areas of study – art, literature, philosophy, science
• “Renaissance Woman” = should know the classics of literature and be socially charming.
• “Renaissance Man” = ideal individual who mastered all areas of study – art, literature, philosophy, science
• “Renaissance Woman” = should know the classics of literature and be socially charming.
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Renaissance LiteratureRenaissance Literature
• Humanists drew inspiration from the Greek and Roman Myths to understand human nature.
• Belief that human possibilities and the potential for accomplishment was limitless.
• Studied old styles to imitate them as well.
• Humanists drew inspiration from the Greek and Roman Myths to understand human nature.
• Belief that human possibilities and the potential for accomplishment was limitless.
• Studied old styles to imitate them as well.
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History of Elizabethan TheatreHistory of Elizabethan Theatre
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Traveling ActorsTraveling Actors• performed in the courtyards of taverns (inn-
yards)• built temporary stages to perform on• actors moved around from one venue to the
next. • the biggest Inn-yard had a max capacity of
500
• performed in the courtyards of taverns (inn-yards)
• built temporary stages to perform on• actors moved around from one venue to the
next. • the biggest Inn-yard had a max capacity of
500
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Traveling ActorsTraveling Actors
• 'The Theatre'– 1st permanent theater – paid for by James Burbage (father of the actor,
Richard Burbage) – he obtained a lease/permission to build in
Shoreditch, London– Lord Chamberlain's Men used it from 1594 to
1596
• 'The Theatre'– 1st permanent theater – paid for by James Burbage (father of the actor,
Richard Burbage) – he obtained a lease/permission to build in
Shoreditch, London– Lord Chamberlain's Men used it from 1594 to
1596
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The Amphitheaters The Amphitheaters
• The 'Theatre' was built similar in style to the Roman Coliseum, but on a smaller scale.
• Elizabethan amphitheatre was designed to hold a capacity of up to 3000 people
• The 'Theatre' was built similar in style to the Roman Coliseum, but on a smaller scale.
• Elizabethan amphitheatre was designed to hold a capacity of up to 3000 people
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The AmphitheatersThe Amphitheaters
• Similar amphitheatres were later built to house blood sports, such as bear beating at the 'Bear Garden' and bull beating at the 'Bull Ring'.
• 1577- “The Curtain” opens in Finsbury Fields in Shoreditch, London
• 1587- “The Rose” theatre opens
• Similar amphitheatres were later built to house blood sports, such as bear beating at the 'Bear Garden' and bull beating at the 'Bull Ring'.
• 1577- “The Curtain” opens in Finsbury Fields in Shoreditch, London
• 1587- “The Rose” theatre opens
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The theatre and the Bubonic PlagueThe theatre and the Bubonic Plague• constant outbreaks of “The Black Death” during
this time period • large audiences who were attracted to the
massive theatres posed a serious health hazard to the largely populated city of London
• 1593- all theatres were closed due to the Bubonic Plague
• constant outbreaks of “The Black Death” during this time period
• large audiences who were attracted to the massive theatres posed a serious health hazard to the largely populated city of London
• 1593- all theatres were closed due to the Bubonic Plague
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Theatres Banned in LondonTheatres Banned in London
– Many Londoners were strict Protestants (Puritans, in fact)• abhorred the theatres and the people it
attracted• Objections to the theaters escalated from the
Church and City Officials.
– Many Londoners were strict Protestants (Puritans, in fact)• abhorred the theatres and the people it
attracted• Objections to the theaters escalated from the
Church and City Officials.
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Theatres Banned in LondonTheatres Banned in London
– Respectable citizens added even more objections
• about the rise in crime • the bawdy nature of some plays • fighting• drinking • not to mention the risk of the spread of the Bubonic
Plague
– Respectable citizens added even more objections
• about the rise in crime • the bawdy nature of some plays • fighting• drinking • not to mention the risk of the spread of the Bubonic
Plague
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Theatres BannedTheatres Banned– 1596- authorities were unwilling to
ignore the growing complaints any longer• public presentation of plays and all
theaters within the city limits were banned.
• all theaters located in the city were forced to move to the South side of the River Thames – outside the City limits of London
– 1596- authorities were unwilling to ignore the growing complaints any longer• public presentation of plays and all
theaters within the city limits were banned.
• all theaters located in the city were forced to move to the South side of the River Thames – outside the City limits of London
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Plague Strikes AgainPlague Strikes Again
• 1603- Bubonic Plague again ravages London
– killing 33,000 people and – all theatres are closed until the deadly
outbreak subsides.
• 1603- Bubonic Plague again ravages London
– killing 33,000 people and – all theatres are closed until the deadly
outbreak subsides.
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Elizabethan WomenElizabethan Women
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A Patriarchal SocietyA Patriarchal Society• Patriarchal
– men were considered the leader and women their inferiors.
• Women were "the weaker sex"– in terms of physical AND emotional strength
• It was believed that women always needed someone to look after them.
– married woman- her husband looked after her – single or widowed- her father, brother or some
other male relative took care of her
• Patriarchal– men were considered the leader and women their
inferiors.
• Women were "the weaker sex"– in terms of physical AND emotional strength
• It was believed that women always needed someone to look after them.
– married woman- her husband looked after her – single or widowed- her father, brother or some
other male relative took care of her
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Women and EducationWomen and Education• Many wealthy women were highly educated
– Queen Elizabeth– Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke
• Women were not allowed to go to school or to university
– educated at home by private tutors (if they could afford it)
• Women were not allowed to enter the professions of– law– medicine– politics
• Many wealthy women were highly educated– Queen Elizabeth– Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke
• Women were not allowed to go to school or to university
– educated at home by private tutors (if they could afford it)
• Women were not allowed to enter the professions of– law– medicine– politics
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Women and ProfessionsWomen and Professions• Women could work in domestic service
– cook– maid– lady’s companion
• Also allowed to write works of literature IF the subject was suitable for women
– translation– religious works
• Women could work in domestic service– cook– maid– lady’s companion
• Also allowed to write works of literature IF the subject was suitable for women
– translation– religious works
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Women and ProfessionsWomen and Professions
• Women were not allowed to act on or write for the public stage
• Acting was dishonorable for women – they did not appear on the English stage until
the 16th Century• In Shakespeare's plays,
– the roles of women were often played by young boys.
• Women were not allowed to act on or write for the public stage
• Acting was dishonorable for women – they did not appear on the English stage until
the 16th Century• In Shakespeare's plays,
– the roles of women were often played by young boys.
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The Rights of WomenThe Rights of Women• Women were not allowed to vote at all
– only men of a certain social position were allowed to vote
• Women could not inherit their father's titles – passed from father to son – only exception was the throne
• the crown could pass to a daughter and she would be granted all the power and Majesty of any king
– this allowed Mary, and then Elizabeth, to reign
• Women could not inherit estates, but could be heiresses to property
• Women were not allowed to vote at all– only men of a certain social position were allowed
to vote
• Women could not inherit their father's titles – passed from father to son – only exception was the throne
• the crown could pass to a daughter and she would be granted all the power and Majesty of any king
– this allowed Mary, and then Elizabeth, to reign
• Women could not inherit estates, but could be heiresses to property
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MarriageMarriage• The rights of the man
– head of the household and the marriage– had the legal right to chastise his wife.
• This did not mean, that he was able to be a petty tyrant.
– was expected to take care of her and make sure she had all that she needed
– most important - to love her and be a good father to any children they had
• The rights of the man – head of the household and the marriage– had the legal right to chastise his wife.
• This did not mean, that he was able to be a petty tyrant.
– was expected to take care of her and make sure she had all that she needed
– most important - to love her and be a good father to any children they had
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Marriage and DivorceMarriage and Divorce• If he felt the need to chastise his wife,
– then he was not allowed to be cruel or inflict bodily harm.
• If a man abused his wife– he could be prosecuted – prevented from living with her
• There was no divorce during this time period– Marriage lasted as long as the couple both lived
• If he felt the need to chastise his wife, – then he was not allowed to be cruel or inflict bodily
harm.
• If a man abused his wife– he could be prosecuted – prevented from living with her
• There was no divorce during this time period– Marriage lasted as long as the couple both lived
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Separation and AnnulmentSeparation and Annulment• If a couple wanted to separate
– they needed to obtain an annulment, – if granted, this meant that their marriage was never
lawful
• Henry VIII– married 6 times– only regarded Jane Seymour and Katherine Parr as his
legal wives.
• If a couple wanted to separate– they needed to obtain an annulment, – if granted, this meant that their marriage was never
lawful
• Henry VIII– married 6 times– only regarded Jane Seymour and Katherine Parr as his
legal wives.
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The EndThe EndThe EndThe End