Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV...

68
Chonlaphat Sukasem, B. Pharm., MPM. Ph. D. Presented at The 2th National Scientific Conference of HIV/AIDS Laboratory, August 2010 Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?

Transcript of Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV...

Page 1: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Chonlaphat Sukasem, B. Pharm., MPM. Ph. D.Presented at The 2th National Scientific Conference of HIV/AIDS Laboratory, August 2010

Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?

Page 2: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

HIV infection (HIV and Host interaction)

Page 3: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Objectives to cover

Brief introduction to Pharmacology and Human genetic variation

Pharmacogenomics (Pharmacology+Genomics)

Current knowledge regarding human genetic variability and responses to HIV therapy (HIV-Pharmacogenomics)

Understand application in clinical setting

To suggest future directions for HIV-Pharmacogenomics

Page 4: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

What determines your risk for ADRs

Page 5: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

หากทานแพยาโปรดแจงใหแพทยและพยาบาล

หากทานแพยาโปรดแจงใหเภสชกร

Page 6: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

กฏหมายคมครองผบรโภค (20 กมภาพนธ 2552)

-การแจงใหผปวยทราบวาการรบประทานยานนๆ อาจกอใหเกดอาการ

ไมพงประสงคจากยา กไมสามารถใชเปนเหตในการทาใหพนผดในกรณทผปวย

เกดอาการแพยา

-การฟองรองในกรณดงกลาว ใหยกเวนคาฤชา

Page 7: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

The genome era of HIV PharmacotherapyTools for initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection

CD4 cell count

Viremia (Viral load)

Clinical symptoms

Viral genetics

(Mutation associated ARVs resistance)

Can host genetic information add something?

Page 8: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

1 22~3,000,000 common SNPs across genome• Representing every gene

P value

1 22

Regions of association

Chromosomal Location

Genome-wide genotyping

Page 9: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Homozygous 1

Heterozygous

Homozygous 2

Genome-wide genotyping

500,000 to 1,000,000 SNPs/individual

Page 10: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Genetic Variants

Polymorphism: a common DNA variant (>1% of population) Base substitution, deletion, or insertion Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Alter function or expression level of protein

C/AC/C

Mutation: a rare DNA variant (<<1% of population)

Page 11: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

เภสชพนธศาสตร:จโนมและเภสชวทยา

Christian M., et al. J Mol Med 2003

Page 13: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 14: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

PAST

NOW & FUTRE

Page 15: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 16: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

“If it were not for the great variabilitybetween individuals, medicine might as well be a science, not an art.”

(Sir William Osler, pathologist, 1892)

Pharmacogenetics: เภสชพนธศาสตร Rapidly expanding field that will have a major

impact on how we treat diseases:-Help identify who will respond to a specific therapy

-Help identify who is at risk for side effects of treatment

-Help identify the appropriate dosing for individual patients

Why use pharmacogenetics in clinical practice?

Page 17: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Clinical goals of PGx: Personalized medicine

Avoid adverse drug reactions

Maximize drug efficacy

Select responsive patients

Page 18: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 19: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

รายงานอบตการณของการเกดอาการไมพงประสงคจากการใชยา

จากการตดตามปญหาการใชยาในโรงพยาบาลขนาดใหญทวประเทศ

พบผปวยมปญหาแพยา 9%

ทาใหพการ 23% และเสยชวต 11%

เปนปญหาทมความสาคญมากทางการสาธารณสขไทย

-ศนยตดตามอาการไมพงประสงคจากการใชผลตภณฑสขภาพ สานกงานคณะกรรมการอาหารและยา

-http://www.consumerthai.org

Page 20: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

http://www.thaihealth.or.th/node/4868

ศนยเฝาระวงความปลอดภยจากการใชผลตภณฑสขภาพ

สานกงานคณะกรรมการอาหารและยา: สสส. (2523-2550)

แพยาเฉลย จานวน 25,000 รายตอป

เสยชวต 10-20 รายตอป (SJS)

ม 204,417 รายงาน (กลมอาย 7-96 ปเปนผหญง 43.79%)

เสยชวต 269 ราย (8 ตอ 10,000 ราย)

1 ม.ค.-31 ธ.ค.2550 -มรายงานอาการไมพงประสงคจากการใชยาทงสน 46,353 ราย เปนการ

อาการทางผวหนงมากทสด 26,546 ราย -เปนอาการไมพงประสงคทรายแรง 3,227 ราย โดยอาการไมพงประสงค

รายแรงทไดรบรายงานมากทสด คอ ผนผวหนง จานวน 1,560 ครง

-สตเวนส-จอหนสน ซนโดรม จานวน 502 ราย

Page 21: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

DOSE DEPENDENT

DOSE INDEPENDENT

Page 22: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

HIV-Pharmacogenomics???

การกนยาอยางสมาเสมอ (Adherence) ในผตดเชอเอชไอวเปน

สงสาคญมาก

อาการขางเคยงจากการกนยาเปนปจจยสาคญตอการกนยา

อยางสมาเสมอ

Trevor Hawkinsa, 2010

Page 23: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

HypothesisIndividuals carrying risk genetic markers (GR) will discontinue

the initial treatment more frequently/earlier than individuals without

577 individuals starting first line ART 2004-2007

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

102030405060708090

100without GRwith GR

50671

No. at Riskwithout GRwith GR

45859

43251

41144

38038

347 30535

50.2%

31.2%

aHR = 1.76 (CI95%: 1.18 - 2.63)Pa= 5.65 x 10-3

29

Time to discontinuation (days)

Glo

bal d

isco

ntin

uatio

n (%

)

Page 24: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

b)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

28.6%

13.6%

aHR = 1.61 (CI 95%: 0.67 P = 0.286

Time to discontinuation (days)

TDF

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)b)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

28.6%

13.6%

aHR = 1.61 (CI 95%: 0.67 P = 0.286

Time to discontinuation (days)

TDF

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)b)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

N t Ri k

71.2%

28.1%

aHR = 3.43 (CI95% 1.48 - 7.9P = 0.004

Time to discontinuation (days)

EFV

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)b)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

N t Ri k

71.2%

28.1%

aHR = 3.43 (CI95% 1.48 - 7.9P = 0.004

Time to discontinuation (days)

EFV

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

46.5%

33.1%

aHR = 1.28 (CI95%: 0.53 - 3.1P = 0.587

Time to discontinuation (days)

LPV

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

46.5%

33.1%

aHR = 1.28 (CI95%: 0.53 - 3.1P = 0.587

Time to discontinuation (days)

LPV

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)

b)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

t Ri k

62.5%

18.9%

aHR = 6.10 (CI95%:2.78 - 13.3

P = 6.00 x 10- 6

Time to discontinuation (days)

ATV

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)

b)

0 60 120 180 240 300 3600

20

40

60

80

100without GRwith GR

t Ri k

62.5%

18.9%

aHR = 6.10 (CI95%:2.78 - 13.3

P = 6.00 x 10- 6

Time to discontinuation (days)

ATV

disc

ontin

uatio

n (%

)

Tenofovir Efavirenz

Lopinavir/r Atazanavir/r

Renal toxicity CNS

HyperbillirubinemiaHeart disease

Page 25: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Host genetic variation- ARVs

Hypersensitivity reaction syndromes

Hepatotoxicity Central nervous system S/E Hyperbilirubinemia Peripheral neuropathy Lipodystrophy Hyperlipidemia Pancreatitis Renal toxicity

Valerio Tozzi, 2010

Page 26: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Associations between Allelic Variants and HIV Treatment ResponseReaction Drugs Gene

Hypersensitivity Abacavir HLA-B*5701, hsp70-hom

(Lancet 2002:359,727 & 1121; PNAS 2004:101,4180)

Hyperbilirubinemia Indinavir, UGT-1A1 (Gilbert’s)Atazanavir

(PNAS 2001:98,12671; ICAAC 2002)

Lipoatrophy NRTI TNF-α promoter(AIDS 2002:16,2013; AIDS 2003:17,121)

Rash/Hepatitis/Fever Nevirapine HLA-DRB1*01(AIDS 2005:19,97)

Page 27: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

DRUGS WITH GENETIC MARKERS

*Efavirenz

Atazanavir

Lopinavir

Tenofovir

**Abacavir

**Nevirapine

INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPE

High plasma levels

Increased bilirubin

Increased lipid levels

Phosphaturia, glucosuria, etc…

CLINICAL EFFECT

CNS toxicity

Gilbert syndrome

Cardiovascular diseases Renal toxicity

Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity

Page 28: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Pharmacogenetic markers•Selecting appropriate drug •Treatment choice

DOSE-INDEPENDENT

ADRs type B

Page 29: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Pharmacogenomics marker: Dose-independent**

HLA HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1

Page 31: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Incidence of Hypersensitivity Reaction to Abacavir

PPV= Positive predictive valueNVP=Negative predictive value

Page 32: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 33: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

NVP HLA-B* 3505, Chanrtarangsu et al, 2008d4t HLA-B* 4001, Wongsomboonsiri, et al, 2010

Page 34: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Pharmacogenetic markers•Predicting appropriate drug levels•Treatment choice

Page 35: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Pharmacogenomics marker : Dose-dependent

A. Ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) B. Extensive metabolizers (EM) C. Intermediate metabolizers (IM) D. Poor metabolizers (PM) or Slow metabolizers (SM)

Page 36: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Host Genetics and Efavirenz

Efavirenz (EFV) is the second line regimen for HIV-1 infection

CNS side effects are common with EFV

EFV plasma clearance is slower in blacks than in whites. (Barrett 2002, Pfister 2003, Ribaudo 2004)

One study suggested earlier virologic failure on EFV in blacks than in whites. (Wegner 2002)

Page 37: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 38: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Efavirenz Metabolism by CYP2B6

Ward et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003:306,287.

Page 39: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Cou

nt

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

log10 EFV AUC (µg*h/ml)

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Cum

ulat

ive

Freq

uenc

y

1

10

30

50

70

90

99

99.9

99.99

Cou

nt

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

log10 EFV AUC (µg*h/ml)

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Cum

ulat

ive

Freq

uenc

y

1

10

30

50

70

90

99

99.9

99.99

Distribution of Efavirenz AUC valuesRotger et al. Clin Pharm Ther 2007

Extensive metabolizer

Slow metabolizerRapid metabolizer

Page 40: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

GG GT TT GG GT TT GG GT TT0

50

100

150

200

250

all subjects African-American

European-American

CYP2B6 G516T genotype

efav

irenz

AUC

0-24

h

(mic

rog.

h.m

L-1)

CYP2B6 G516T (Exon 4) andEfavirenz Plasma Levels

Haas et al, AIDS 2004;18:2391

Page 41: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Nevirapine Liver Toxicity

Nevirapine (NVP) can cause hepatotoxicity

NVP is metabolized by CYP2B6, not known to be a substrate for P-glycoprotein

We explored MDR1, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 SNPs and NVP hepatotoxicity

Haas et al, 12th CROI, 2005

Page 42: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

MDR1 Polymorphism and Nevirapine Hepatotoxicity: FTC-302 and ACTG Collaboration

CC CT TT0

20

40

60

80

100 Hepatotoxicity casesControls

(RR=0.30; P=0.016)

MDR1 position 3435

prop

ortio

n

Haas et al, 12th CROI, 2005

Page 43: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

LPV ETA1-CL

-1.1 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Num

ber o

f ind

ivid

uals

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Prob

it

1

10

30

50

70

90

99

99.9

99.99

Low Outliers (n=121)

Extreme (>P85%) (n=92)

Cases Controls

Lopinavir/r Pharmacokinetic-Genetics

Lubomirov et al.

Page 44: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Manolio Nat Genet 2009

Dyslipidemia as common genetic trait

Rotger et al. 2009

Page 45: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Clinical Issues

Pharmacogenomics may hold the potential to improve efficacy and safety in prescription, but complex factors affect their clinical success

Jai Shah, BMJ 2004

Page 46: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Human Genetics• SNPs• Haplotypes• Sequencing

Expression Profiling• Specific transcript levels• Total RNA profiling

Proteomics• Specific biochemical

markers• Protein profiling

Phenotype• Drug response

• Disease

Prediction

Pharmacogenomics

Page 47: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Qing Ma, Future Drug, 2008

Page 48: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

2010

Page 49: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Establishment of Clinical Utility

Practice guideline and/or consensus statement inclusion

Government endorsement: policy statements

Payer policy statements - Insurance and managed care

Lab and tests available

Page 50: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 51: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Potential Modifiers of TestAdoption Curve Access to test (laboratory and/or specimen requirements) Regulatory Approval Reimbursement limitations Physician group involved

Page 52: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Regulatory Factors Impacting Test Adoption; FDA approval key to assay adoption

FDA drug labeling changes and test kit approvals have not resulted in test uptake

Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P450 chip,

Tests with established clinical utility have been adopted prior to specific FDA action

HLA-B*5701 • Abacavir drug labeling

update July 2008

Page 53: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Lai Goldman: Genet Med, 2008

Page 54: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 55: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

เภสชพนธศาสตรเพอคณภาพชวตคยไทยทดขน

เภสชพนธศาสตรชวยประหยดงบประมาณดานการรกษาโรคดวยยาเพอใหม

งบประมาณเพยงพอสาหรบการรกษาประชาชนคนรากหญาอยางทวถง

Page 56: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Take Home Messages

Personalized medicine has begun to pay off• Targeted therapies • Risk reduction strategies

In the future, multiple opportunities exist to• Prevent or predict ADRs• Improve medication management• Reduce health care costs• Improve pace of drug discovery/clinical trials

Multiple challenges to implementation still remain• Clinical science• Public policy

Page 57: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

หองปฏบตการเภสชพนธศาสตรและการรกษาเฉพาะบคคลLaboratory for Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine

From Bench to Bedside

PGx testing at Ramathibodi hospital

Page 58: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 59: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

นาเทคโนโลยเภสชพนธศาสตรเขามาชวยคดกรองผปวยกอนการใชยา เพอสนบสนนใหเกดการรกษาท

เหมาะสมเฉพาะบคคล ลดโอกาสเกดผลขางเคยงทรนแรงซงบางรายอาจเปนอนตรายถงชวต โดยมงเนน

ในกลมโรคทเปนปญหาทางสาธารณสขของประเทศไทย อาท ผตดเชอเอชไอวหรอผปวยเอดส โรคหลอด

เลอดและหวใจ โรคเลอดจางธาลสซเมย เปนตน เพอสงเสรมใหผปวยมคณภาพชวตทดขนและลดคาภาระ

คาใชจายในระดบบคคล องคกร และประเทศ

หองปฏบตการเภสชพนธศาสตรและการรกษาเฉพาะบคคล

Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine

Page 60: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

การตรวจวนจฉยทเปดบรการ

การตรวจวนจฉยทางเภสชพนธศาสตรเพอเปลยนหรอเลอกใชยา I. HLA polymorphisms

• 1. การตรวจหายน HLA B*5701 กอนการจายยา Abacavir (The XVI International AIDS Conference,http://www.thebody.com/content/art16156.html)

• 2. การตรวจหายน HLA B*1502 กอนจายยา Carbamazepine Man CB, Kwan P, Baum L, Yu E, Lau KM, Cheng AS, et al. Association between HLA-B*1502 allele and antiepileptic drug-induced cutaneous reactions in Han Chinese. Epilepsia. 2007 May;48(5):1015-8.

• 3. การตรวจหายน HLA B*5801 กอนจายยา Allopurinol Hung SI, Chung WH, Liou LB, Chu CC, Lin M, Huang HP, Lin YL, Lan JL, Yang LC, Hong HS, Chen MJ, Lai PC, Wu MS, Chu CY, Wang KH, Chen CH, Fann CS, Wu JY, Chen YT. HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102: 4134-9.

• 4. การตรวจหายน HLA B* 3505 กอนจายยา Nevirapine

Page 61: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

การตรวจวนจฉยทเปดบรการ

การตรวจวนจฉยเภสชพนธศาสตรเพอการปรบขนาดยาI. ตรวจหา CYP 450 polymorphisms

1. การตรวจหายน CYP 2B6 polymorphisms

CYP2B6*1 (516G/785A/1459C), CYP2B6*4 (785G),

CYP2B6*5 (1459T), CYP2B6*6 (516T/785G)

และ CYP2B6*7 (516T/785G/1459T)

2. การตรวจหายน CYP 2D6 polymorphisms

CYP2D6*2-*7, CYP2D6*9, CYP2D6*10

3. การตรวจหายน CYP2C9 polymorphisms

CYP2C9*2 CYP2C9*3 (VKORC1 )

4. การตรวจหายน CYP2C19 polymorphisms

CYP2C19*2 และ CYP2C19*3

Page 62: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

DNA Chip/ Micro Array: Mapping 10K, 50K, 100K, 500 K Array

Page 63: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 64: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Case study: All-in-One assay

Page 65: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

Result and interpretation

Page 66: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

เราใหบรการ……….แมนยาถกตองตามหลกวชาการ (Reliability)

เราใหบรการ………….ดวยประสทธภาพระดบมออาชพ (Professionality)เราใหบรการ ………….ดวยความรวมมอรวมใจของทกภาคสวน (Co-operation)

International standards; GLP, GCP, ISO 15189 and CLIA

หองปฏบตการเภสชพนธศาสตรและการรกษาเฉพาะบคคล

Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine

Page 67: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...
Page 68: Will Pharmacogenomic Improve HIV Therapeutics?gfaidscare.com/doc/14.45-16.15_S2_HIV-Pharmacogenetic_testing.pdf · Practice guideline and/or ... Warfarin, UGTA1A, Cytochrome P ...

The next frontier

http://www.ipadrblog.com/BlindMenandElephant.jpg