Will Drivers of Deforestation

Be Slowed by Indonesia’s Moratorium on

New Forest Concessions?

Earl C. Saxon

Stuart M. Sheppard

Pop Quiz

1. What’s driving deforestation in Indonesia?

A. Logging

B. Industrial tree plantations

C. Oil palm plantations

D. Coal mining

E. A, B, and C

F. All of the above

2. What’s subject to the moratorium in Indonesia?

A. New logging on primary forests or peat lands

B. New industrial tree plantations on primary forests or peat lands

C. New oil palm plantations on primary forests or peat lands

D. New coal mines on primary forests or peat lands

E. A, B, and C

F. All of the above

Pop Quiz

1. What’s driving deforestation in Indonesia?

A. Logging

B. Industrial tree plantations

C. Oil palm plantations

D. Coal mining

E. A, B, and C

F. A, B, C, and D

2. What’s subject to the moratorium in Indonesia?

A. New logging on primary forests or peat lands

B. New industrial tree plantations on primary forests or peat lands

C. New oil palm plantations on primary forests or peat lands

D. New coal mines on primary forests or peat lands

E. A, B, and C

F. A, B, C, and D

Land Cover

Source: Ministry of Forestry Indonesia

Logging Concessions (HPH)

Source: Ministry of Forestry Indonesia (2010)

Industrial Plantation Concessions (HTI)

Source: Planning Department of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia (2010)

Palm Oil Concessions

Source: Planning Department of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia (2010)

Coal Mining Concessions

Source: Asociasi Pertambangan Batubara Indonesia - Indonesia Coal Mining Association (2009)

Moratorium by Presidential Instruction

Source: Forestry Decree SK.323/Menhut-II/2011 Ministry of Forestry Indonesia

Industrial Plantation

Concessions (HTI)Palm Oil

ConcessionsLand Cover

Coal Mining

Concessions

Logging

Concessions (HPH)Moratorium

Presidential Instruction (PI)

Industrial Plantation

Concessions (HTI)Palm Oil

ConcessionsLand Cover

Coal Mining

Concessions

Logging

Concessions (HPH)Moratorium

Presidential Instruction (PI)

t

km

t

km

t

km

t

km

t

km

Riau Province: Peat subject to PI (dark brown); exempt due to concessions (light brown).

Peat with primary forest (yellow) not additional due to deep peat and conservation status.

Disturbance events detected by MODIS 2/2006 - 4/2011 (blue), 5/11 - 8/11 (red)

100 km

Central Borneo: Primary forest subject to PI (dark green), exempt due to concessions

(light green), not additional due to steep slope and conservation status (hachure).

IMM boundaries (red). Biomass carbon density 101-150 t/ha (red), 151-250 t/ha (purple)

100 km

Area

(Mha)*

% Carbon

(PgC)**

%

Total forest and peat lands 103.6 100 42.6 100

Exclusions: secondary forests without peat 48.7 47 8.2 19

Exemptions: land within concessions 12.4 12 11.7 27

Subtotal subject to the moratorium 42.5 41 22.7 53

Previous protection: steep slope, peat >3m

Area and Carbon Stocks on Indonesia’s Peat Lands and Forests

Previous protection: steep slope, peat >3m

deep or legal conservation status28.8 28 16.0 38

Additional protection by the moratorium 13.7 13 6.7 16

*1 Mha = 1 million hectares

**1 PgC = 1 Petagram (1000 million metric tonnes) carbon

Will Drivers of Deforestation

Be Slowed by Indonesia’s Moratorium on New Forest

Concessions?

Yes, if Indonesia uses the next 18 months to make lasting

improvements to forest and land use governance and the

Moratorium becomes permanentMoratorium becomes permanent

Even more could be achieved, if secondary forests and existing

concessions were brought under the Moratorium and

concession boundaries were rationalized to reduce

deforestation

Acknowledgements

This report was supported by a grant from the Climate and Land

Use Alliance to UCS.

It benefited from the advice of Kemen Austin, Doug Boucher,

Robin Kraft, Deborah Lawrence, Donna Lee, Moray McLeish, Fred

Stolle, Calen May-Tobin and three anonymous reviewers.

This report would have been impossible without the efforts of

staff of the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry who compiled and

posted large amounts of GIS data on line and our GIS colleagues

who downloaded and collated it.

:

For further information www.ucsusa.org/IndonesiaMoratorium