Wilhelm Reich vs USA

7/27/2019 Wilhelm Reich vs USA

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(USA vs WILHELM REICH) 1956

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May 2, 1956Portland Press Herald -Portland , Maine- page 1.

Marshals Nab 2 Doctors Sought For Contempt

Dr. Wilhelm Reich, Rangeley researcher, was arrested in Washington, D.C., yesterdayafternoon and was scheduled to be returned to Maine today to face a criminal contempt chargein U.S. District Court.U.S. District Attorney Peter Mills said that Dr. Michael Silvert, New York City, was arrestedthere yesterday afternoon also. He will be returned to Maine to answer a similar charge. Both.men were arrested by U.S. marshals, Mills said.Federal Judge George C. Sweeney ordered bench warrants to issue for arrest of the two menwhen they failed to appear for trial yesterday. They had. previously pleaded innocent toinformations alleging criminal contempt.

THE CHARGES against both men stemmed from their alleged failure to comply with anorder to stop selling orgone energy accumulators in violation of the Federal Pure Food andDrug Act. The government contends the accumulators are worthless. The doctors maintain theaccumulators are capable of capturing healing agencies from the atmosphere.Mills said beach warrants also have been issued against these four witnesses ordered to appearat the same time but who failed to do so: Thomas Mangravite, 25 West 3 rd St.; Miss CamillePhruston, 7 Jane St.; and Miss Miriam Sheppard, 48 Carmine St.; all from New York City andMrs. Heloise Parker-Broeg,. 34 Medfield St., Boston.


Dr. Silvert Pleads Innocent To Contempt In Orgone Case

Dr. Michael Silvert, New York City, yesterday pleaded innocent in U.S. District Court, to acharge of contempt in failing to appear Monday for, trial on another criminal contemptcharge.He is an associate of Dr.Wilhelm Reich, Rangeley researcher and inventor of a device heclaims can draw healing energy from the atmosphere.Dr. Reich, who also failed to show up for the trial Monday, will be arraigned in Federal courtat 10 a.m. today on a similar charge. He was arrested in Washington, D.C., on a benchwarrant and ordered returned to Portland.After Dr. Reich's arraignment both men will stand trial on the original contempt charge offailing to comply with a court order to stop selling so-called orgone energy accumulators.


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DR. SILVERT acknowledged to Judge George C. Sweeney, senior district judge ofMassachusetts who will preside over the trial, that he ignored an order from Court ClerkMorris Cox to appear here Monday.He said be did so in the belief that the notice wasn't binding because it hadn't been signed bythe judge. He said other papers he had received were so signed.

Judge Sweeney ruled that Cox's notice was legal and took the charge under advisement. Heset bail at $15,000 and Dr. Silvert was committed to Jail for lack of bonds.Two government witnesses in the original contempt case against the two doctors also pleadedinnocent to charges of contempt in failing to appear for trial. They too contested the legalityof the orders because they weren't signed by the judge.They are Miss Camille Thruston and Mrs. Miram Sheppard, both of New York City. The

judge took their cases under advisement and they were held in personal recognizance of$5,000 each for today's trial.

DR. REICH was ordered removed to Portland following a hearing yesterday before JudgeBolitha Laws, chief Judge of the U.S. District Court in Washington.

Like Silvert, he was arrested on a bench warrant issued by Judge Sweeney after he failed toappear for Monday's hearing. He will arrive in Portland today in Custody of U.S. marshals. U.S. District Attorney Peter Mills said he was informed by telephone from Washington thatDr. Reich pleaded before Judge Laws to be sent to Portland "in chains."He attempted to make a speach in court, but the Judge told him he could plead his case inPortland, Mills said he was informed.Miss Thrusten and Miss Sheppard were taken into custudy at a local hotel after theytelephoned the federal clerk of courts office to say they were here.

THEY WERE ARRESTED on a bench warrant after they refused to report to Mills' office.Two other government witiiesses, Thomas Mangravite of New York and Mrs. Heloise Parker-Broeg of Boston, Mass., are slated to arrive here today. They also face contempt charges.Criminal contempt proceedings against the two doctors arose from their alleged failure tocomply with an injunction issued here by Federal Judge John D. Clifford Jr., orderinginterstate shipment of orgone accumulators stopped. They are also charged with failing tocomply with an order of the Fedeial Food and Drug Administration to stop selling the devices.Reich claims his machine is capable of capturing healing agencies from the atmoshere. Thegovernment says it's worthless.Judge Sweeny was named to hear hte case because of the large case load facing JudgeClifford, and also because Judge Clifford issued the injunction.

May 4, 1956Portland Press Herald -Portland , Maine- page 1 and 27.

Dr. Reich Pleads Innocent In Failure To Appear Here

Dr. Wilhelm Reich, Rangeley inventor of the "orgone energy accumulator," pleaded innocentin U.S. District Court yesterday to a charge of contempt in failing to appear Monday for trialof another criminal contempt charge.Dr. Reich was arraigned following the close of the first day of trial on the original charge,which stems from his alleged failure to comply with an injunction banning his "healing"devices.Acting as his own counsel, Reich's defense was essentially the same as that presented

Wednesday by his codefendant, Dr. Michael Silvert of New York City.


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HE ACKNOWLEDGED that he ignored an order from Court Clerk Morris Cox to appearhere Monday before Judge George C. Sweeney, senior district judge of Massachusetts, who is

presiding over the trial.But he said he did so because the order wasn't binding since it hadn't been - signed by the

judge. He said other papers he had received were so signed.

As in Silvert's case, Judge Sweeney ruled that Cox's notice was legal and took the chargeunder advisement. Dr. Reich was freed in $15,000 bonds.Mrs. Heloise Parker-Broeg, Boston, a government witness, pleaded "nolo contendere" tocharges of contempt in failing to appear for trial.Judge Sweeney accepted the "no contest" plea, over the objection of U. S. Attorney PeterMills, and the ease was continued. Mrs. Broeg promised the court she would be present whenthe trial resumes at 10 a. m. today.Another government witness, Thomas Mangravite of New York City, arrested on similarcharges, is scheduled to be arraigned today, according to Mills.

THE PETIT JURY of three women and nine men heard testimony from seven government

witnesses as the trial plodded through its first day.Both Dr. Reich and Dr. Silvert refused legal representation, and Judge Sweeney made it clearthat the defendants had been offered counsel at government expense but had declined it.William E. Moise, Hancock, who identified himself as secretary of the Wilhelm ReichFoundation, joined the two doctors in conducting the defense case.Criminal contempt proceedings against the two doctors have arisen from their alleged failureto comply with an injunction issued here in March, 1954, by Judge John D. Clifford Jr.,ordering interstate shipment of orgone accumulators stopped. They are also charged withfailing to comply with an order of the Federal Food and Drug Administration to stop sellingthe devices.Dr. Reich claims his machine draws healing energy from the atmosphere. The governmentsays it's worthless.Arthur Bowker, who identified himself as an employee of the S. A. Collins Co., Rangeley,said he had been making the accumulators for five or six years.Answering questions raised by the prosecution, Bowker said the devices were inspected byofficials of the Reich Foundation, then created and shipped.The witness said he was authorized to destroy accumulators which were irreparable. Thosethat could be repaired were fixed and held for reshipment, he testified.Bowker said about 75 per cent of the devices were shipped to New York- New Jersey. Sometwo per cent stayed in Maine he said.

HE AGREED that there was a stock of accumulators on hand in the fall of 1954. He said thefoundation notified him not to build any more, and that a few days later a caretaker, fromReich's Rangeley estate "came with a truck and moved them out.On cross examination by Dr. Reich, Bowker started to explain how he tested the condition ofthe devices but was cut short when Judge Sweeney sustained an objection by the prosecution.Thomas Ross, Rangeley, who described himself as a caretaker for Dr. Reich, said he didn'tknow of any accumulators having been built after 1950.He said his duties included taking the Foundation truck, picking up stock and storing it on theReich premises.In October, 1955, the witness said he attended a meeting at which Dr. Reich told him Dr.Silvert would be his superior while he (Reich) was away in Tucson, Ariz.

He acknowledged he received a telegram on Jan. 4, 1955, from Dr. Reich instructing him howto handle "FDA inspectors, pharmaceutical and Moscow agents." His instructions, he said,
http://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr0pph56-0504.jpghttp://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr0pph56-0504.jpg


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were to keep them off the premises.U.S. Deputy Marshall Dixie Potter of Tucson, told of accompanying David J. Holliday, LosAngeles, federal food and drug inspector, to Dr. Reich's place a few miles north of Tucson.

POTTER SAID he saw Dr. Reich on the third visit but the doctor refused to see the

inspector. Dr. Reich said FDA agent were more like Russians than Americans and he wouldn'thave them on his place, Potter, testified.The first afternoon witness was Paul Berman, Brooklyn, N.Y., who testified that he rented anaccumulator. In 1953, he said, he sent checks for monthly rentals to the Wilhelm ReichFoundation, Rangeley. In 1954, checks went out to Orgone Institute Research Laboratories,Inc., New York, he said.On cross examination by Dr. Silvert, Berman said he got the accumulator, after his doctorordered it for him as part of his therapy.Berman was followed to the stand by Ilse Ollendorf, Reich's former wife. She testified incomefrom accumulators during the first four months following the injunction was $4,900 -substantially the same as prior to the injunction.

Letters were written to patients explaining that the devices had been banned, she said, but theywere never mailed.CMFWYG Pcmfw vb cm fvbgv (This line was in the paper)The trial will apparently be lengthy. Judge Sweeney dismissed the jury yesterday with thewarning that "you'll probably have to work on Saturday."Old timers around Federal court said they believed this to be the first time a, Negro hadserved on a petit jury here. He is Dennard H. Adams, 23 Beckett St., who was also appointeddeputy foreman by Judge Sweeney. Frederick W. Rugg, 15 Clifford St., is foreman.Other jurors are Lydia Williams, Bangor; H. Knox Bickford, Norway; Isabelle Congdon,Brunswick; Brooks Newbert, Augusta; Carl M. Tufts, Intervale; Frederick S. Jordan,Standish; Jessie M. Frye, Bowdoinham; Albert Fournier, Lewiston; Wylie B. Mumsey,Wiscasset, and Merle A. Chipman, Poland Spring. Alternates are Philip C. Derrah, 17Farnham St., and Everett B. Boynton, 18 Ottawa Rd., Cape Elizabeth.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~other news of day listed just below the Reich articleFirst H-Bomb Shot Put Off Until Today

KWAJALEIN. Friday, May 4 (UP)-Unsuitable weather, most likely adverse winds haspostponed at least until tomorrow the first shot of the 1956 U.S. nuclear test series at thePacific proving ground.

Fifteen newsmen and 21 Civil Defense observers, here for the............


Defendant-Attorney Reich Objects

To "Sleepy Making Examination"

The U. S. Government's criminal contempt case against Dr. Wilhelm Reich, Rangeley,inventor of the orgone accumulator, and Dr. Michael Silvert. New York City, drew near to anend in Federal Court yesterday afternoon with two more hours of what Dr. Reich called"sleepy-making examination."

The contempt charges stem from an original charge that the doctors failed to heed aninjunction banning their "healing" devices.


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The white-thatched doctor came to his feet midway of the afternoon to raise his objection to"this kind of examination that is making us sleepy."

"I OBJECT to this kind of tiresome, sleepy-making examination." he told Judge George C.Sweeney, who overruled the objection. The judge also stopped Joseph L. Maguire, prosecutor

for the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, when he offered to explain the purpose of theexamination.That the trial would continue into next week was indicated when Dr. Reich informed the

judge that he expected to call bout five witnesses. After polling the jury, Judge Sweeney saidhe would hold court from 10 a. m. to 1 p. m. today when the government is expected to

present the last of its witnesses.Seventeen government witnesses now have been sworn and some 77 exhibits, marked. Onlytwo or three prosecution witnesses remain to testify.

THOMAS MANGRAVITE, 25 West 3rd St., New York City, was the central figure of theafternoon session yesterday,. He appeared first as a witness for the government and later as

respondent on a contempt charge because he failed to appear in court Monday in response to asubpoena served on him. He pleaded innocent, claiming irregularity in the subpoena becauseit wasn't signed by the judge or district attorney. The judge took it under advisement as he hadothers,. accepted the $5,000 bail which Mangravite had furnished at County Jail earlier thisweek.As a witness, Mangravite told of repairing and rebuilding orgone energy accumulators,receiving them from customers, reshipping them to others, etc. This had been done, hetestified, since March 1954, when. the injunction ordering them destroyed was issued. He stillhas some accumulators at his New York address, he said.Preceding Mangravite to the stand were Miss Miriam Shepprrd, 48 Carmine St., New YorkCity, and Miss Camille Thruston, also of New York. Miss Sheppard is medical assistant to Dr.Silvert, she said, and served as part-time secretary for the Orgone Institute Researchlaboratory, Inc., of which Silvert was treasurer. Miss Thruston was secretary for the OrgoneInstitute Press. This organization sold and distributed literature.

MISS SHEPPARD said the laboratory handled the accumulators and the "contributions"received for their use. Both literature and accumulators were sold and rented after issuance ofthe injunction, the young women testified.John Cain, Silver Springs, Md., of the division of regulartory management, Food and DrugAdministration, had begun testimony as to certain charts he had compiled from records of

persons involved in handling the accumulators, when court was adjourned.

May 6, 1956Portland Sunday Telegram -Portland, Maine- page 1A and 10A

Dr. Reich Electrifies Court,

Stresses Injunction Violated

Dr. Wilhelm Reich electrified a packed U. S. District Court yesterday afternoon as he openedhis contempt of court defense by emphasizing repeatedly and unequivocally that he violatedthe injunction order which the government charged he violated.Warned by Judge George C. Sweeney that "you're practically pleading guilty," the Rangeleyorgone energy discoverer denied such an admission. He then presented witnesses to prove that

the injunction "was not only violated but had to be violated."The silver-thatched scientist, in a brief opening to the jury, said it was necessary "to stand by


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with rifles at the laboratory to protect our work against espionage."By more than one witness, Dr. Reich established that he and some of his colleagues atRangeley "were armed constantly." Witnesses declared that they were "determined not toobey," the terms of the injunction at risk of their lives and that Reich had his grave dug.

Cites EspionageDr. Reich apparently intended to show that espionage and the secret nature of some of hiswork made it imperative for him to violate the injunction, but if such was his intent the plandied aborning. Judge Sweeney ruled out testimony as to motives with the explanation that theonly point in contention was whether the injunction had been, violated.The word "bizarre"' has been applied to many criminal proceedings but was never moreapplicable than to the trial which is scheduled to end in Federal Court Monday. Both sidesclosed their cases yesterday afternoon and the jury elected to return Monday rather than toreceive the case last night. Arguments, which Judge Sweeney said he would limit to one hour,will begin when court resumes at 10:30 a.m. tomorrow.'The case had contained many bizarre aspects from its very beginning, but precedent went out

the window yesterday. The last witness to testify for the government became the first witnessto testify for the defense. U.S. Attorney Peter Mills and Joseph L. Maguire, prosecutor for theFood and Drug Administration, were called as defense witnesses.Charges Bias

Dr. Reich, charging that Mills had been "biased and prejudiced all along the line," brought outthat Mills once had been Attorney for the Reich Foundation.On cross examination by Maquire, Mills said he notarized some papers for Reich in 1947 and1948 when he was practicing attorney in Farmington, not far from Rangeley. He later

prepared papers of incorporation and bylaws and served as clerk of the Reich Foundationcorporation. He resigned in 1952 a year before he was appointed to his federal post.At no time did he advise Dr. Reich or anyone on Food and Drug law, he said. His formerassociation with Dr. Reich was why he bad requested that Maquire prosecute the case, Millssaid.Asks About Arms

Interrogating his first witness, William Moise, Hancock, a weather control operator who hasheld various titles and positions with the Reich enterprises, the physician asked "were wearmed in July, 1955?""We all were armed, constantly," Moise replied."Was the injunction violated?" the doctor inquired. "Yes it was. It had to be," Moise said."Was the violation in a strong manner?" Dr. Reich asked."Yes, it was," replied the witness.

During questioning 'of the same witness, Dr. Reich, told by the court that the reason why hemight have disobeyed the injunction was not pertinent. only whether the injunction wasviolated, asked "may I reinforce that it was disobeyed?"Tells About Grave

Thomas Ross, caretaker of the Rangeley establishment, was recalled to state that he hadorders to be always armed and admit no one."In consequence of this preparation, tell the jury if I was ready to die last summer," Dr. Reichsaid to the witness."He can't possibly know that," the court ruled."Did you prepare a grave for me during the time that we were armed?" the doctor persisted.The prosecution objected on the grounds that "it is ridiculous."

"It's not ridiculous if you're in it," snapped the doctor.Ross was permitted to state that he did dig a grave.


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On cross examination, Maguire asked, "You mean, Mr. Ross, that you dug a hole?"Dr. Reich objected on the grounds that the prosecution was attempting to make him lookridiculous.Dr. Silvert Testifies

Dr. Michael Silvert, also a defendant in the government's contempt proceedings, took the

stand to agree that "we were determined not to obey the injunction at the risk of our lives."Dr. Reich attempted to question him about an occasion when he flew from Maine to Tucson,Ariz., where. Dr. Reich had a desert expedition, with some material called "orur" substancementioned in one of Dr. Reich's books.This testimony too was ruled out.Asked on cross examination by Maguire if he had violated the injunction, Dr. Silvert said, "Iwould like to say yes but actually I don't believe I have,"The trial opened Thursday morning. Both Drs. Reich and Silvert face sentences and additionalcriminal charges stemming from their failure to appear for trial Monday. They are under$15,000 bonds each.

May 8, 1956Portland Press Herald --Portland , Maine pp. 1 and 15

Jury Finds Reich And Silvert Guilty

In 20 Minutes; Sentencing Due May 25

By Franklin Wright(Staff Writer)

Dr. Wilhelm Reich, Rangeley, discoverer of orgone energy, and Michael Silvert, New YorkCity, one of his associates, will be sentenced in U.S. District Court, May 25, on the criminal

contempt of court charges of which they were found guilty yesterday.The trial jury, which listened to evidence for three days, took but 20 minutes to find thedoctors and the Wilhelm Reich Foundation guilty of violating terms of an injunction issued bythe court in March, 1954. The verdict came as no great surprise. Since Saturday thedefendants have insisted repeatedly that they violated the injunction, that it had to be violated,and "would do it again under the same circumstances."

JUDGE GEORGE C. SWEENEY fixed bail at $15,000 for each doctor and accepted thesureties given when they provided bonds last week.Judge Sweeney imposed fines ranging from $15 to $500 on Drs. Reich and Silvert and fourwitnesses on other contempt charges. The charges on which they were fixed stemmed from

their failure to appear for trial April 30. They didn't abide by the subpoenas with which theywere served, they had told the court in pleading innocent earlier, because the signature of the

judge or district attorney did not appear on the papers.Judge Sweneey, in ruling the subpoenas proper, had told them the seal of the court, which, didappear, was far more important and binding than the signature of any Judge or districtattorney.These fines were levied by Judge Sweeney and paid by the defendants: Dr. Reich, $500; Dr.Silvert, $300, Thomas Mangravite, $100; Camille Thruston and Miriam Sheppard, $25 each,and Heloise Parker-Broeg, $15.

THESE SENTENCES against the doctors are not involved in the sentences that may be

imposed on the charges on which they stood trial. Since the contempt of which they wereconvicted grew out of violation of specific orders of the court, the penalties rest with the


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discretion of the presiding judge, court attaches said. He may impose fines, prison terms, orboth.The verdict of the jury brought to an end what almost certainly has been. the most bizarre casetried in any court here in many years. Joseph L. Maguire, prosecuting the case for the U. S.Food and Drug Administration of the U. S. Department of Health and Welfare, told the jury

yesterday in his final argument that they had seen legal history made."It's probably the first time in the annals of jurisprudence that the government has presented acase only to have the defendants come in and say they did it," he told the nine men and threewomen of the panel.But there had been other elements to justify the term "bizarre" as well. There had been severalreferences to top secret work. There had been mention of weather control and a mysteriouselement called "orur" describe as "pre- atomic material" which had been flown--from Maineto Arizona by Dr. Silvert.

THERE WAS ANOTHER DEVICE called the "cloudbuster," something involved with theweather control mentioned earlier. There came to the trial the term "Hig," injected by

witnesses in testimony and referred to often in the defense argument. A Hig is a "Hoodlum InGovernment," by definition in Dr. Reich's writings.There were the tales, often told and never disputed, indeed emphasized by the defendantsthemselves, of virtually turning Orgonon, the Rangeley establishment, into an armed camp: ofDr. Reich and his workers constantly carrying rifles or pistols.Often there were references to U. S. Food and Drug inspectors as spies and Moscow agents.Dr. Reich himself brought forth testimony that such was his conviction about the inspectors.In his argument at the trial's end, Dr. Reich again alluded to the fact that the drug agents wantto inspect "everything" when they visited his establishments.

"IT WAS MAINLY such kind of impertinment curiosity which cave us again and again theimpression that these men could not possibly represent bona fide U. S. interests. These wereslick individuals, either serving as industrial spies or else as stooges of some political Hig;they were at the same time probably out to destroy the discoverer of Life Energy and to stealhis process of denaturization of nuclear energy," Doctor Reich's prepared statement said.There was testimony that these armed men were prepared to risk--indeed, that Dr. Reichhimself had his grave dug in anticipation of consequences of the dispute. It was a little unusual that the last witness presented by the prosecution last Saturday was thefirst witness presented by the defense minutes later. It was more unusual that the U. S. DistrictAttorney, Peter Mills, and Maguire were called as witnesses by the defense.In calling Mills, Dr. Reich established that the former Farmington attorney represented the

Reich Foundation, drew the papers of its incorporation, and wanted to know why he changedsides.

MILLS EXPLAINED he resigned as clerk of the corporation a year or so before he wasappointed as district attorney. He added that he asked that Maguire be assigned to prosecutethe case when. he learned of the investigation under the Food and Drug Act.The defendants had no counsel. An attorney would have been unable to handle the case, DReich said on one occasion.All the unusual effects and developments went into the composition of one of the mostcolorful trials by virtue of personalities, and colorless, by virtue of issues, in many months.But one of the oddities was appreciated by everyone, principals and spectators alike. It was

the installation, Saturday, of an amplifying system with microphones for counsel andwitnesses.


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With the trial all over but the sentencing, thoughts turned to what may be the next steps of thedefendants. Will they no conform with terms of the injunction?Court officials said that the court action just ended covered the period from issuance of theinjunction to the beginning of proceedings. Should investigation disclose violations after thatdate, new proceedings could be field, they said.

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Other news just below this court article on W.R.

Halifax Station Bans Elvis Presley Discs HALIFAX, N.S., May 7 (AP)Radio station CJCH today ordered a ban on the playing of recordings by rock-and-roll singerElvis Presley.A station spokesman said the ban was imposed because the 21 - year - old Presley's singingstyle has "a bad influence ... on the city's youth."

May 26, 1956Portland Press Herald -Portland , Maine- Saturday, p.?(not page 1)

Reich, Silvert Sentenced To Prison, Appeal

Dr. Wilhelm Reich, of Rangely. Austrian-born discoverer, of what he calls "the life energy,"was sentenced to prison for two years yesterday for contempt of a United States Court.An associate in his research into "orgone energy," Dr. Michael Silvert of New York, wasgiven a sentence of a year and a day for, the same offense.Both men appealed to the U.S.Circuit Court.Their contempt consisted of violating-and they freely, admitted it-an order by-U.S. District

Court Judge John D. Clifford Jr., to stop selling "orgone accumulators" and to destroy all inexistence.These devices-some are box-like about the size of a telephone booth; others are like blankets-are capable, according to Dr. Reich, of drawing health-restoratives from the air. The U.S.Food & Drug Adm. claims they have no healing value.Judge George C. Sweeny of Boston deferred execution of the sentences until the appeals are-decided. He warned the doctors, however, that if the injunction is violated again, the stay ofexecution will revoked.At their recent trial in U.S. District Court here, Reich and Silvert said they had violated theorder and would "do so again under the same circumstances."Reich, 59-year,-old psychoanalyst who once was an associate of the famed Dr. Sigmund

Freud, testified that he had to disobey the court to protect his discovery of "the life energy,"which he also called "the primordial cosmic energy."He said he was victim of "a comoplicated conspiracy" to destroy his discovery "for both

political and commercial reasons x x ."In a prepared statement read by the judge, Reich and Silvert thanked Sweeney for his fairnessat the trial and said:"One day the motives and legalistic maneuvers of the technical winner of today, the food anddrug- Hig will emerge from the archives and see the clean light of day."Dr. Reich has defined Hig, as meaning "hoodlums in government."

Wilhelm Reich vs USA

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