Wildlife Pictorial Guide

Text : Vor Yiu Photo : Vor Yiu

() Ho Koon Nature Education cum Astronomical Centre (Sponsored by Sik Sik Yuen)

() Duplication strictly prohibited (Except for non-profit making educational purposes)

Trees

Wildlife Pictorial Guide Field Study Handbook () Duplication strictly prohibited (Except for non-profit making educational purposes)

Medium to large deciduous tree; figs yellowish green, borne on trunk and branches; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, margin entire.

Common Red-stem FigFicus variegata

SchimaSchima superba

Medium evergreen tree; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, margin entire or with rounded teeth, leathery.

CastanopsisCastanopsis fissa

Yellow Cow WoodCratoxylum cochinchinense

Medium evergreen tree; bark smooth, grey in colour, peel-ing; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, margin entire or with small teeth, leathery.

Hong Kong GordoniaGordonia axillaris

Lance-leaved SterculiaSterculia lanceolata

Large evergreen tree; bark with regularly arranged short and shallow cracks; leaves simple, alternate, margin entire or with rounded teeth, leathery.

Small tree; bark yellowish brown, peeling; leaves simple, opposite, lanceolate, smooth, hairless; young leaves pinkish.

Small evergreen tree; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, moderately stiff; leaf stalks swollen at both ends; fruits bright red.

Small tree; young shoots densely covered by soft hairs; leaves simple, alternate, margin densely toothed, lower surface covered with sparse hairs.

India-charcoal TremaTrema tomentosa

Small tree; whole plant covered with hairs, all parts with white latex; leaves simple, opposite, margin finely toothed, texture very rough.

Opposite-leaved FigFicus hispida

Large evergreen tree, with numerous aerial roots; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical or obovate, leathery, smooth, veins inconspicuous.

Chinese BanyanFicus microcarpa

Moderate sized evergreen tree; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, leathery; young branches covered by downy hairs and marked with lenticels.

Pond SpiceLitsea glutinosa

Deciduous tree; resin aromatic; leaves simple, alternate, trilobed, margin toothed; foliage turns red in winter and then drops.

Sweet GumLiquidambar formosana

Small deciduous tree; whole tree hairless; leaves and shoots strongly aromatic; leaves simple, alternate, thin, lanceolate or elliptical.

Fragrant LitseaLitsea cubeba

6Small evergreen tree; leaves simple, alternate, leathery, elliptical, margin entire; leaf stalks up to 6cm in length.

Daphniphyllum calycinum

Evergreen tree; leaves simple, elliptical, smooth margin en-tire; bark more or less smooth, greyish, lenticels prominent.

MachilusMachilus sp.

Large deciduous tree; young shoots densely covered by soft hairs; leaves simple, alternate, margin broadly toothed, base unequal .

Chinese HackberryCeltis sinensis

2-320-306-18Large evergreen tree; leaves needle-like, 20-30 cm long, in twos or threes; bark deeply cracked; cones 6-18 cm long.

Slash PinePinus elliottii

212-204-7Large evergreen tree; leaves needle-like, 12-20 cm long, in twos; bark deeply cracked; cones 4-7 cm long.

Chinese Red PinePinus massoniana

Evergreen tree; leaves simple, leathery, smooth, 3 veins arising from the base; bark vertically cracked; all parts aromatic.

Camphor TreeCinnamomum camphora



Trees


Small evergreen tree; leaves simple, elliptical, waxy, opposite, margin entire, surface smooth, aromatic when crushed.

AcronychiaAcronychia pedunculata

Ivy TreeSchefflera heptaphylla

3-43-4Deciduous tree; bark shallowly cracked; bipinnate compound leaves, 3-4 pairs of pinnae, 3-4 pairs of leaflets.

China-berryMelia azedarach

Sweet ViburnumViburnum odoratissimum

13Deciduous tree; bark dark grey; pinnate compound leaves, up to 13 leaflets, aromatic when crushed.

Melia-leaved EvodiaTetradium glabrifolium

Spiny Date PalmPhoenix hanceana

6-11Partly deciduous tree; bark greyish brown, smooth; palmate compound leaves, 6-11 leaflets.

Medium evergreen tree; bark smooth; leaves simple, oval, leathery, opposite, margin usually entire, surface smooth.

77-97Trunk simple and straight; pinnate compound leaves, 77-97 pairs of leaflets, lowest pairs spine-like.

Small deciduous tree; bark flakes off in irregular plates; young shoot covered with short soft hairs; leaves simple, oblong in shape, papery.

MyrobalanPhyllanthus emblica

Partly deciduous tree; bark greyish, smooth; leaves simple, ovate, papery, alternate.

Mountain Tallow TreeSapium discolor

Deciduous tree; bark greyish, shallowly cracked; leaves simple, rhomboid to rhomboid oval, papery, alternate.

Chinese Tallow TreeSapium sebiferum

Large evergreen tree; bark deeply cracked; leaves simple,lanceolate, leathery, alternate, aromatic when crushed.

Swamp MahoganyEucalyptus robusta

Large evergreen tree; bark spongy, papery, peeling; leaves simple, narrowly elliptical, alternate, aromatic when crushed.

Paper-bark TreeMelaleuca quinquenervia

Large evergreen tree; bark greyish white, peeling; leaves simple, lanceolate, alternate, releases strong lemon-like odour when crushed.

Lemon-scented GumEucalyptus citriodora

Small tree; bark greyish brown, partly peeling; leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate, alternate, upper surface smooth, lower surface hairy.

Pop-gun SeedBridelia tomentosa

Large evergreen tree; bark partly peeling; leaves simple, elliptical, margin entire, alternate, group in whorls at the end of branches.

Brisbane BoxLophostemon confertus

Evergreen tree; crown umbrella-shaped; red sap flows out from stems when broken; leaves simple rhomboid oval, alternate.

Elephants EarMacaranga tanarius

Large evergreen tree; bark smooth, greyish brown; leaf blade degenerate; petioles crescent-shaped and perform the function of leaves.

Taiwan AcaciaAcacia confusa

4-910-20Small evergreen tree; young stems densely covered with whitish lenticels; bipinnate compound leaves, 4-9 pairs of pinnae, 10-20 pairs of leaflets.

White PopinacLeucaena leucocephala

Evergreen tree; bark smooth, greyish; leaves simple, leath-ery, oval or obovate, alternate; fruits broadly oval, woody.

Incense TreeAquilaria sinensis

Text : Sybel Lam Photo : Vor Yiu



Shrubs


Indian Wikstroemia Wikstroemia indica

Shrub; leaves compound, alternate, trifoliate, margin entire, elliptical; leaf stalks and young shoots covered by hairs.

Beautiful PhyllodiumPhyllodium pulchellum

Evergreen erect shrub; leaves simple, alternate, margin en-tire, lower surface silvery white.

Elaeagnus loureirii

Common MelastomaMelastoma candidum

Evergreen shrub; leaves simple, opposite, margin entire, el-liptical or obovate; young shoots reddish brown.

5-7 Shrub; leaves simple, opposite, margin entire, oval, 5-7 con-spicious veins; both stem and leaves covered by hairs.

Small shrub; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, margin coarsely toothed, texture thin and papery, with hairs on both surfaces; young shoots hairy.

Maesa perlarius

Evergreen shrub; leaves simple, alternate, oval, margin finely toothed, leathery texture, thick and glossy; young leaves reddish in colour.

Hong Kong HawthornRhaphiolepis indica

Climbing shrub; leaves simple, alternate, obovate, margin entire, surfaces smooth and hairless, veins not obvious.

Twig-hanging EmbeliaEmbelia laeta

Evergreen small shrub; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, leathery, margin wavy; fruits bright red when ripen.

Hilo HollyArdisia crenata

Nature shrub; Leaves simple, opposite, deep leaf veins. All parts covered by reddish hair and tough in texture. Under-

side vein reddish colour.

Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, opposite, margin toothed, surfaces hairy; milky latex exudes when leaf stalk cut.

Hairy FigFicus hirta

Perennial shrub; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, margin entire; young shoots covered by greyish hairs; fruit capsules sesame-liked shape.

Narrow-leaved ScrewtreeHelicteres angustifolia

Semi-shrub; leaves simple, alternate, margin toothed, lower surface densely covered with soft white hairs.

RamieBoehmeria nivea

Erect semi-shrub; leaves simple, alternate, margin finely toothed, whole plant covered with soft hairs.

Rose MallowUrena lobata

Evergreen shrub or small trees; leaves simple, alternate, oval, margin finely toothed, leathery texture and thick.

Shining EuryaEurya nitida

Erect shrub or creeping; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, leathery texture and thin; yellowish white flowers with long-lasting fragrant.

DesmosDesmos chinensis

Climbing shrub; stem creeping; leaves simple, alternate, margin entire, surfaces covered with hairs, aromatic when crushed.

UvariaUvaria macrophylla

Freely-branching shrub; leaves simple, alternate, oval, margin entire, texture stiff, surfaces smooth, mildly aromatic when crushed.

Oblong-leaved LitseaLitsea rotundifolia

Semi-shrub; leaves simple, opposite, elliptical, margin coarsely toothed; fruits spherical, bright red when ripen.

SarcandraSarcandra glabra

Blood-red MelastomaMelastoma sanguineum

Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, opposite, margin entire, oval; leaves with three-branched veins above the base.



Shrubs


Shrub; branches spiny; leaves simple, oval or elliptical, margins crenated or wavy, lower surface densely covered with brown hairs.

TeronganSolanum torvum

Yellow BrambleVitex negundo

Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, opposite, lanceolate, margin entires; leaf stalks covered with short soft hairs.

Mayflower Glorybower Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum

Cape Jasmine Gardenia jasminoides

Shrub; leaves simple, opposite, stem with prickles; leaf sur-face hairy with toothed margin; strong smell.

LantanaLantana camara

Wild CoffeePsychotria asiatica

3-5Deciduous shrub; leaves opposite, palmately compound, with 3-5 leaflets, elliptical, margin entire; leaf lower surfaces covered by greyish soft hairs.

Evergreen shrub; leaves opposite or whorled; dark green colour, leathery texture, thick and glossy, with deep auxil-iary veins.

Erect shrub; leaves simple, opposite, margin entire, waxy; small juicy fruits red in colour when ripen.

Shrub or small tree; compound leaves, alternate; leaflets margin toothed, lanceolate; lower surface densely covered by short white hairs.

SumacRhus hypoleuca

Deciduous shrub or small tree; clusters of alternative odd-pinnates, margin entire; whole plant smooth and hairless; leaves turn to red colour before falling; latex will induce skin allergic to some peoples.

Wax TreeRhus succedanea

Evergreen shrub; leaves oblong oval, thick, leathery texture and concave at tip; aromatic citrus fragrant when crushed.

Box-leaved AtalantiaSeverinia buxifolia

Small shrub; leaves simple, althernate, oval, margin entire; leaves papery, both surfaces covered with soft hairs and conspicious veins.

Hairy-fruited Abacus PlantGlochidion eriocarpum

3Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, alternate, heart-shaped shallowly trilobed; margin sparsely toothed; leaf lower sur-face covered by short white hairs.

White-back Leaf MallotusMallotus apelta

Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, mar-gin entire; leaf lower surface whitish when dry; whole plant smooth and hairless.

Wrights Abacus PlantGlochidion wrightii

3Shrub or tree; leaves simple, alternate, oval and trilobed; leaf lower surface covered by whitish yellow hairs; leaf bases with conspicuous gland spots.

Turn-in-the-windMallotus paniculatus

Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, margin entire; leaf upper surface shining and smooth, lower surface greyish in colour.

Hong Kong Abacus PlantGlochidion zeylanicum

79Perennial evergreen shrub; leaves simple, alternate, deeply cut into 7 to 9 lobes; whole plant smooth and hairless, the young parts with a whitish bloom.

Castor-oil PlantRicinus communis

Deciduous shrub; leaves simple, alternate, oval, margin finely toothed; texture soft and papery, surface smooth and hairless.

Rough-leaved HollyIlex asprella

Evergreen shrub; leaves simple, alternate, oval, margin en-tire; leaves smooth and thick, leathery texture.

Waxy LeafBreynia fruticosa

Rose Myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Climbing herb; leaves trifoliate, leaflets oval or diamond shaped; leaves and stems surfaces covered by brown bristles.

Wild Kudzu VinePueraria phaseoloides

Sorrel Oxalis corniculata

Herb or semi-shrub; leaves simple, opposite, margin entire, oval shaped; creeping on ground.

Twelve-stamened MelastomaMelastoma dodecandrum

Lavender SorrelOxalis corymbosa

Annual herb; leaves simple, opposite, oval, margins toothed, upper surface often with purplish blotches; leaf stalks very short.

Garden Spurge Euphorbia hirta

MoneywortCentella asiatica

Perennial herb; trifoliate, leaflets invertd heart-shaped; whole plant covered by short hairs; tiny yellow funnel-shaped simple flowers.

Perennial herb; trifoliate, leaflets invertd heart-shaped; whole plant covered by short hairs; tiny purple funnel-shaped simple flowers.

Prostrate herb; leaves simple, alternate, round kidney-shaped, margin usually with broad blunt teeth.

Climbing shrub; leaves simple, alternate, palmated, papery; leaf stalks and stems covered by hairs and spines.

Rusty-haired RaspberryRubus reflexus

Perennial woody herb; leaves compound, alternate, thorns along the stems and leaf stalks; the leaflets close when touched.

Sensitive PlantMimosa pudica

Woody climber or erect shrub; leaves simple, opposite, margin entire, shiny leathery texture; stem creeping, poisonous milky latex exudes when branch is cut. Fruits like a pair of goats horn.

Goat HornsStrophanthus divaricatus

Twining herb; no leaf and no root; thread-like stem; usually in golden green colour.

CassythaCassytha filiformis

Stipes arising as cluster; bipinnatifid, pinnae margin with one side deeply pinnatifid, another side entire.

Semi-pinnated BrakePteris semipinnata

Climbing fern; fronds bipinnate, pinnules alternate, triangu-lar, length varies.

Scansorial Climbing FernLygodium scandens

Erect fern; stipes densely covered with reddish brown hairs, pinnules more or less rhomboid.

Fan-leaved MaidenhairAdiantum flabellulatum

Rhizome creeping, stipes covered with soft hairs, fronds bi-pinnatifid, papery, both surfaces covered with soft hairs.

Wood-fernMacrothelypteris torresiana

Erect fern; leaves uniform throughout, very small, spirally ar-ranged along the stem, pointed, thin and smooth.

/ Nodding Clubmoss Palhinhaea cernua

Rhizome creeping, densely covered with hairs, hard; pinnae deeply crenated, smooth, leathery texture.

Dichotomy Forked FernDicranopteris pedata

Stipes densely covered with brown scales, fronds tetrapin-nate, leathery.

Fairy FernSphenomeris chinensis

Evergreen climbing shrub; branches with flat thorns; trifoli-ate, leaflets margin toothed; petals white in colour.

Cherokee RoseRosa laevigata

Text : Sybel Lam Photo : Vor Yiu



Herbs and Climbling Plants








Semi-shrub; leaves simple, alternate, margin entire, nar-rowly elliptical, texture stiff; lower surface densely covered by soft white hairs.

ElecampaneInula cappa

Hawks BeardYoungia japonica

Twining herb; leaves simple, opposite, heart or arrow-head shaped, light green color, margin toothed.

Mile-a-minute Weed Mikania micrantha

Duck-beak GrassIschaemum aristatum

Herb; leaves simple, opposite, lanceolate elliptical, tri-lobed; leaves and stems surfaces covered by short soft hairs.

Wedelia trilobata

Greenbrier Smilax china

Biennial herb; leaves all springing from the stem base, nar-rowly oval and widest at the tip, margin toothed.

Herb; leaves long and narrow, both sides covered with dense short soft hairs.

Climbing shrub; leaves simple, alternate, margin entire, stiff, upper surface shiny; 3 conspicuous leaf veins arise from leaf base.

Erect herb; leaves simple, opposite, triangular; whole plant covered by long soft hairs; bluish purple inflorescene ter-minal.

Eupatorium catarium

Ciliate Microstegium Microstegium ciliatum

Perennial herb; lower part of clums creeping and branched; leaves narrow lanceolate, surfaces covered with hairs, margin rough.

Common LophatherumLophatherum gracile

5-6Perennial herb; clums erect, hairless, with 5-6 nodes; leaves alternate, lanceolate.

3-5Annual herb; leaves tri-lobed to penta-lobed, margin toothed, petal white in colour.

Bidens alba

3Annual herb; leaves tri-lobed, margin toothed, hairy; inflo-rescene capitate, yellow in colour.

Hairy Bur-marigoldBidens pilosa

Annual twining parasitic herb; thread-likes vine, shiny gold-en, many-branched; haustoria penetrate the host tissue to absorb nutrients and water.

DodderCuscuta sp.

Perennial creeping herb; leaves simple, opposite, thick, smooth; tiny leaves and short leaf stalks; clusters of fruits in white colour.

Creeping PsychotriaPsychotria serpens

Climbing shrub; leaves simple, margin toothed, stiff, leaf surfaces extremely rough.

Queens WreathPetrea volubilis

Climber shrub; leaves simple, alternate, oval, margin entire, lower surface covered with dense short soft hairs; sepals white in colour.

Splash-of-whiteMussaenda pubescens

Erect perennial herb; leaves simple, opposite, triangular oval shaped, margin coarsely toothed; leaves and stems surfaces covered by long soft hairs.

Billygoat-weedAgeratum conyzoides

Erect and bushy herb; leaves simple, alternate or almost op-posite, oval, margins variable; fruits shiny black berry.

Black NightshadeSolanum nigrum

5Perennial twining herb; stems covered with nodules; leaves usually penta-lobed; purple funnel-shaped flowers.

Cairo Morning GloryIpomoea cairica




Terrestrial Animals


Large Woodland SpiderNephila pilipes

Giant African Snail Achatina fulica

Asian trampsnail Bradybaena similaris

Oriental Cockroach Opisthoplatia orientalis

Black-banded Gossamerwing Euphaea decorata

Green Skimmer Orthetrum sabina

Marsh Skimmer Orthetrum luzonicum

Indigo Dropwing Trithemis festiva

Large Green Mantid Hierodula patellifera

Bush Katydid Phaneroptera nigroantennata

Termite Odontotermes formosanus

Band-winged Grasshopper Trilophidia annulata

Pygmy Grasshopper Eucriotettix oculatus

Stick Insect Entoria sp.

Slug

Domestic Water Buffalo Bubalus bubalis

Rhesus MacaqueMacaca mulatta

Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

Oriental Magpie RobinCopsychus saularis

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus

Changeable Lizard Calotes versicolor

Asian Common Toad Bufo melanostictus

Gunthers Frog Rana guentheri

Giant Centipede Scolopendra multidens

Round Millipede Julus sp.

Flat Millipede Polydesmus sp.

Woodlouse Cubaris murina

Harvestman Gagrella sp.

Domestic OxBos taurus

Reeves Smooth skink Scincella reevesii



Terrestrial Animals


Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans

Common Mormon Papilio polytes

Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon

Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha

Plum Judy Abisara echerius

Rustic Cupha erymanthis

Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus

Ceylon Blue Tiger Ideopsis similis

Spiny Ant Polyrhachis dives

Paper Wasp Parapolybia indica

Weaver Ant Oecophylla smaragdina

Chinese Honey Bee Apis cerana

Carpenter Bee Xylocopa sp.

False Tiger Moth Dysphania militaris

Indian Cabbage WhitePieris canidia

Spotted Black Cicada Gaeana maculata

Black-tipped LeafhopperEucriotettix oculatus

Lantern-fly Fulgora candelaria

Bamboo Wolly Aphid Pseudoregma bambusicola

Shield Bug Megacopta cribraria

Lychee Stink Bug Tessaratoma papillosa

Cotton Red Bug Dysdercus cingulatus

Ladybird Beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus

Long-horned Beetle Anoplophora chinensis

Flea Beetle Altica cyanea

Tortoise Beetle Taiwania circumdata

Black-banded Hover Fly Episyrphus balteata

Black-veined Burnet Moth Cyclosia papilionaris

Ricanid Planthopper Ricania sp.

Blue Spotted Tiger BeetleCicindela aurulenta




Stream Plants


Lesser Duckweed Lemna minor

Asiatic Pennywort Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides

Water Hyssop Bacopa monnieri

Chinese Lobelia Lobelia chinensis

Touch-me-not Impatiens chinensis

Sweet Flag Acorus sp.

Ginger Lily Hedychium coronarium

Ciliate Microstegium Microstegium ciliatum

Diffuse Dayflower Commelina diffusa

Giant Alocasia Alocasia odora

Chinese Taro Alocasia cucullata

Taro Colocasia esculenta

Water HyacinthEichhornia crassipes

Water Lettuce Pistia stratiotes

Climber Floscopa Floscopa scandens

Water Cress Nasturtium officinale

West-India Chickweed Drymaria diandra

Indian Rotala Rotala indica

Saurauia tristyla

Wood Gossip Caesalpinia Caesalpinia crista

Lidded Cleistocalyx Cleistocalyx operculatus

Liverwort Marchantia emarginata

Frail HorsetailEquisetum debile

Mosquito Fern Azolla imbricata

Water Spangles Salvinia natans

Water Shamrock Marsilea quadrifolia

Chinese Knotweed Polygonum chinense

Water Smartweed Polygonum hydropiper

Hairy Knotweed Polygonum barbatum

Moss




Stream Animals


Stream Animals

Large Stream SnailBrotia hainanensis

Reservoir SnailMelanoides tuberculata

() Freshwater ClamCorbicula fluminea

Variable PlatyfishXiphophorus variatus

Viviparous SnailSinotaia quadrata

Apple SnailPomacea lineata

Ramshorn Snail Pond Snail / Large Pond Leech

/ Buffalo Leech Small Stream Leech Small Stream Leech

() Freshwater Minnow (Juvenile)Zacco platypus

() Freshwater Minnow (Adult)Zacco platypus

Paradise FishMacropodus opercularis

GobyRhinogobius sp.

Sucker-belly LoachPseudogastromyzon myersi

Broken-band Hillstream LoachLiniparhomaloptera disparis

Flat-headed LaochOreonectes platycephalus

() Predaceous Chub (Adult)Parazacco spilurus

() Guppy (Male)Poecilia reticulata

() Guppy (Female)Poecilia reticulata

() Mosquito Fish (Male)Gambusia affinis

() Mosquito Fish (Female)Gambusia affinis

Chinese BardPuntius semifasciolatus

() Hong Kong Newt (Larva)Paramesotriton hongkongensis

() Hong Kong Newt (Adult)Paramesotriton hongkongensis

() Predaceous Chub (Juvenile)Parazacco spilurus

Hong Kong Cascade FrogAmolops hongkongensis

Chinese Waterside SkinkTropidophorus sinicus

() (Larva)Eulichas sp.

BloodwormChironomous sp. (Larva)

/ Mosquito Larva Fishfly LarvaNeochauliodes sp.

Caddisfly Larva

Backswimmer Small Water BugDiplonychus sp.

Water BettleCybister sp.

Water Penny

Water SkaterMetrocoris lituratus

Water Skater Mayfly Nymph

Caddisfly Larva Caddisfly Larva Caddisfly Larva

Damselfly Nymph Damselfly Nymph

Stonefly Nymph

Dragonfly Nymph Dragonfly Nymph

Common Freshwater CrabCryptopotamon anacoluthon

HK Freshwater crabNanhaipotamon hongkongensis

Japanese Mitten CrabEriocheir japonicus

Mayfly Nymph Mayfly Nymph

Small Long-armed ShrimpMacrobrachium hainanense

Canton Bee ShrimpCaridina cantonensis

Toothed Bee ShrimpCaridina serrata

Freshwater Planarian

Dragonfly Nymph



Stream Animals


Stream Animals




Stream Micro-organisms


Fragilaria sp.

Polychaos sp.

Paramecium sp.

Stentor sp.

Vorticella sp.

Tokophrya sp.

Sphaerophrya soliformis

Peranema sp.

Philodina sp.

Chaetonotus sp.

Brachionus sp.

Roundworm Stylaria sp.

Synedra sp.

Stylonychia sp.

Bacteria Oscillatoria sp.

Zygnema sp.

Hydrodictyon sp.

Pediastrum sp.

Scenedesmus sp.

Pandorina sp.

Netrium sp.

Cosmarium sp.

Closterium sp.

Chlamydomonous sp.

Navicula sp.

Cymbella sp.

Spirogyra sp.

Euglena sp.

Text : Dickson Wong Photo : Dickson Wong



Seashore Plants


Seashore Plants

Erect or prostate shrub; leaves lightly fleshy, spirally ar-ranged at the apical part of the branches; corollas white and purple; drupes change from green to white in colour.

Beach NaupakaScaevola taccada

Perennial herb, creeping stems; oblong-elliptic, membra-nous leaves, margin entire with conspicuous midvein; intertidal and sub-tidal flowering plant.

Oval HalophilaHalophila ovalis

Shrub; leaves simple, alternate, obovate, base cuneate, margin sometimes toothed; tubular florets; achene creasted, change to brown when dry.

Marsh FleabanePluchea indica

3Perennial herb, creeping stems; leaves linear, 3 veins in parallel; growth in intertidal sandflat and mudflat.

Dwarf Eel GrassZostera japonica

Erect herb; rooting at nodes; leaves obovate-lanceolate, margin toothed, veins conspicusous; one layer of ligular florets.

Wollastonia biflora

Perennial shrub; leaves linear, leathery texture and spiny margin; druplets form a multiple fruit, change from green to reddish orange in colour.

Screw PinePandanus tectorius

Perennial creeping herb; leaves simple, alternate, ovate, apex deeply 2-lobed; reddish pink or purple flowers, funnelform.

Beach Morning-gloryIpomoea pes-caprae

Erect shrub; leaves simple, opposite, margin entire, glabrous; white flowers, tubular; stamens purple in colour.

Clerodendrum inerme

Prostrating shrub; leaves simple, opposite, obovate, lower surfaces covered with grey white hairs; purplish blue flowers; globose drupes.

Vitex rotundifolia

Evergreen shrub; leaves broad-ovate, lower surface grayish white; capsules ovoid, 5-lobed, woody.

Cuban BastHibiscus tiliaceus

Smooth CrotalariaCrotalaria pallida

Evergreen shrub; leaves heart-shaped, glabrous adaxially, obvious veins than H. tiliaceus; capsules pyriform, closed.

Portia TreeThespesia populnea

Thorny WingnutPaliurus ramosissimus

Vine, spiny stems; leaves compound, alternate, even-bipin-nate; spiny, leathery legumes.

Gray NickersCaesalpinia bonduc

CerberaCerbera manghas

Shrub-like herb; compound leaves with 3 leaflets, smaller leaflets on sides, obovate; cylindrical legumes, group together.

3Shrub; branchlets brown covered with short hairs; leaves simple, alternate, 3-veined from base, stipule spinous; drupes cup-shaped.

Tree; leaves simple, narrowly ovate, leathery, aggregate at the branch apex; drupes ovate, woody, from green to red. Highly poisonous.

Perennial herb, creeping growth form; leaves simple, opposite, fleshy, oblanceolate; flowers green outside, pink inside.

Sea-purslaneSesuvium portulacastrum

1-5Small shrub; leaves simple, linear, adaxially plane, abaxially convex; 1-5 flowers inflorescence glomerulus, axillary.

South Sea-bliteSuaeda australis

Perennial herb; basal leaves with lily formed; leaf blades obovate-oblong; dense and inflorescence flowers, pale yellow in colour.

Sea-LavenderLimonium sinense

Terebralia sulcata

Sand SnailBatillaria sp.

Cerith Cerithidea sp.




Seashore Plants


False Cockle Anomalocardia flexuosa

Carpet-shell Cyclina sinensis

Bloody Cockle Scapharca cornea

Carpet-shellTapes sp.

Small Mangrove ClamGrafrarium sp.

Asiatic Hard ClamMeretrix meretrix

Soletellina sp.

/ Rock OysterSaccostrea cucullata

Tree OysterIsognomon sp.

Moon ShellNatica sp.

Large Mangrove ClamGeloina erosa

ClamMarcia sp.

Leaves simple, alternate, fleshy, spoon-shaped, grow in vertical form, similar in both sides; mostly found in the backshore region of the mangrove stand.

LumnitzeraLumnitzera racemosa

Leaves simple, alternate, elliptic with glands at the base; capsules spherical; white latex produced when parts are broken off (beware of poisonous).

Blind-your-eyeExcoecaria agallocha

Leaves simple, opposite, leathery, long elliptic; petioles reddish; bright red flowers and droppers cigar-shaped.

Many-petaled MangroveBruguiera gymnorrhiza

Leaf upper surface shiny and lower surface grayish white; capsules nearly ovoid, pale grayish yellow; many neumato-phores surrounding the tree.

Black MangroveAvicennia marina

The most commonly seen mangrove; reddish brown main stems with stilt root; leaves sent out at the same position on the branch; droppers long like a pen.

KandeliaKandelia obovata

Leaves margin entire or spinous, opposite, rigid; pale purple flowers, inflorescence spike, terminal.

Spiny Bears BreechAcanthus ilicifolius

Herbal fern; fronds lanceolate, leathery; sporangia covering all over abaxial surface of fertile pinnae.

Leather FernAcrostichum aureum

Tall tree with well-developed buttress roots; leaves oblong, lower surface silvery; fruits keeled longitudinal, floats on water for dispersal.

Coastal HeritieraHeritiera littoralis

Branch blackish brown with white lenticels; leaves elliptic, apex rounded and emarginated spreads with white crystals; cyclindrical dropper, apiculate apex.

Aegiceras corniculatum

Seashore Plants Soft Shore Animals



Soft Shore Animals


Acorn Barnacle Balanus sp.

Pistol Shrimp Alpheus sp.

Mud Shrimp Upogebia sp.

Hermit CrabClibanarius sp.

Pebble Crab Philyra carinata

Soldier-crab Mictyris longicarpus

Sentinel CrabMacrophthalmus sp.

Sand Bubbler Crab Scopimera globosa

Buddhist Crab Tmethypocoelis creatophora

Sesarmine Crab Perisesarma bidens

Long-legged CrabMetaplax longipes

Grapsid CrabMetapograpsus frontalis

Fiddler-crabUca borealis

Fiddler-crab Uca crassipes

Swimming CrabThalamita crenata

ClithonClithon sp.

Rough Periwinkle Littoraria articulata

Black-mouth Littorine Littoraria melanostoma

Nerite Nerita sp.

Nerite Nerita lineata

Monodonta sp.

Mud WhelkNassarius festivus

Seashore SlugOnchidium sp.

Sea hare Bursatella leachii

Inn Keeper Worm Ochetostoma erythrogrammon

Sipunculid Worm Sipunculus sp.

Lampshell Lingula lingua

Sea Squirt Styela plicata

Mud-skipper Periophthalmus cantonensis

Starfish Archaster typicus




Rocky Shore Animals


Astralium haematragum

Oliva ShellOliva sp.

Pyramid Shell Trochus pyramis

Purplish MusselSeptifer virgatus

Sea Slater Ligia exotica

Stalked Barnacle Capitulum mitella

Acorn BarnacleTetraclita sp.

Barnacle Megabalanus volcano

Barnacle Chthamalus malayensis

Porcelain Crab Petrolisthes japonicus

Grapsid CrabGrapsus albolineatus

Grapsid CrabGaetice depressus

Sea UrchinAnthocidaris crassispina

Sea CucumberHolothuria leucospilota

Sea AnemoneSpheractis sp.

ChitonAcanthopleura japonica

Chiton Onithochiton hirasei

Limpet Cellana sp.

Limpet Patelloida sp.

False Limpet Siphonaria sp.

Silver-mouthed MonodontChlorostoma argyrostoma

Turban ShellLunella coronata

Turban ShellTurbo chinensis

NeriteNerita albicilla

Ribbed Clusterwink Planaxis sulcatus

Periwinkles Nodilittorina spp.

Giant Arabian Cowrie Cypraea arabica

Conus Conus ebraeus

Dog WhelkThais clavigera

Dog WhelkCronia margariticola

Text : Dickson Wong Photo : Dickson WongText : Dickson Wong Photo : enry Lui



Seaweeds


Lichens

Arthonia sp.

Graphis sp.

Buellia sp.

Cladonia sp.

Caloplaca sp.

Chrysothrix candelaris

Leptogium sp.

Lecidea sp.

Parmotrema sp.

Ramalina sp.

Trentepohlia sp.

Lecanora sp.

Dirinaria picta

Graphina cleistoblephara

Pyxine cocoes

Bright green to olive-green sheets, sometimes can grow to large size. When out of water, it collapses into a crumpled mass.

Ulva sp.

Colpomenia sp.

Brown sheets ear-liked form, leathery and strong texture. Circular growing pattern can be seen.

Padina sp.

Porphyra sp.

Huge seaweed. Olive brown with stipe and leaf-like blades. Air bladders for floating. Blooms in the late winter.

Sargassum sp.

Corallina sp.

Brown to olive-green colour, irregularly shaped with hollow inside. Can be found at the low intertidal shores in single or in groups.

Red-brown thin sheet, no definite shape. Dense population can cover the whole rock in winter.

Pink alga with segmented, pale-tipped. Dwarf turfs grow extensively in the intertidal to subtidal zones in the rocky shores.

Dark brown circular patches, central often dies, leaving a characteristic halo pattern especially in summer.

Ralfsia sp.

Dark purple-red patch, irregular in outline. Often found in the sheltered boulders and semi-exposed to exposed shores.

Hildenbrandia sp.

Bright green thread-like filaments, usually tangled together forming clumps. Found in different exposed shores.

Enteromorpha sp.

Wildlife Pictorial Guide

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