WILD FOOD INC. & CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHERN QUEBEC · The wild food system provides many...

WILD FOOD INC.& CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHERN QUEBEC

Photo: Murray M. Humphries

Murray M. HumphriesMcGill-INQ Northern Research Chair

in Wildlife Conservation and Traditional Food Security

Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment

Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment Guiding Principles

• Document, promote and

incorporate traditional knowledge of nutrition and environment

• Respond to concerns of local communities on their food, food use and environment

• Develop participatory relationships between communities and scientists for undertaking research in nutrition and ecosystems

Founded 1993

Harriet KuhnleinTraditional food,

nutrition, & community health

Nil BasuContaminants.

Sentinels of human & ecosystem health.

Murray HumphriesWildlife conservation

traditional food, & environmental change

Treena DelormierFood, food security,

& Indigenous research methodologies

http://www.scienceadvice.ca

traditionalanimalfoods.org

The Institut nordique du Québec (INQ) aims to foster the sustainable development of the North by bringing together Quebec’s expertise in the broad fields of northern and Arctic research.

L’Institut nordique du Québec (INQ) est un regroupement d’expertises québécoises dans les grands secteurs de la recherche nordique et arctique mis au service du développement durable du Nord.

Indigenous and Affaires autochtones

Northern Affairs Canada et du Nord Canada

Treena Wasonti:io Delormier Associate Professor of Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Food Security,School of Human Nutrition, McGill UniversityProfessional Dietitian (PDt)PhD in Public Health, l’Université de Montréal.

Gordon HickeyWilliam Dawson Scholar

Director, Sustainable Futures Research LaboratoryAssociate Professor of Sustainability Science, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University

Murray Humphries McGill Chair in Northern Research, Director, Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition & Environment Associate Professor of Wildlife Biology, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University

WildFoodINC.

ResearchTeam

Our research team includes a natural, health,

and social scientist with complementary

food systems and community-based

research expertise.

Anguvigak, Nunavik Hunting Fishing Trapping Association (NHFTA)

The wild food system provides many nutritional benefits. It is also a cultural

strength, that embodies the relationships and reciprocities that create communities of

life and the possibility of being alive well.

Country/Traditional/Wild Food: plants and animals that are harvested locally and

eaten by people.

WILD FOOD Indigenous Nutrition & Conservation& CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHERN QUEBEC

Photo: Murray M. Humphries

AccessHunting &

HarvestProcessing &

TransportSharing & Storage

Preparation & Consumption

Ecological Production

PeoplePolicies &

Institutions

Value

SupportingConditions

Primary Activities

Equipment

Part 1

Value encompasses all the positive outcomes of the wild food system, including the subsistence economy, as well as the contributions of wild food to nutrition, health, cultural, identity, education, and social relationships.

Access: travelling from where people

live to where wildlife live



Harvest: searching for, locating, capturing, & recovering wild food




Processing & transport: butchering, processing, etc. at or near harvest site & transport to where people live





Sharing & storage: sharing harvest with others & storage of wild food for future consumption





Sharing & storage: sharing harvest with others & storage of wild food for future consumption

Preparation & consumption:preparing, cooking, & consuming wild food

Ecological production:the ecological processes creating the abundance and distribution of wildlife

AccessHunting &

HarvestProcessing &




PeoplePolicies &

Institutions

Value


Primary Activities

Equipment

Part 2

Part 3

Part 1

2.1. Anticipated climate change impacts on the abundance, distribution, and health of key wild food species

Part 2. Anticipated climate change impacts on the abundance, distribution, & health of key wild food species in Northern Quebec.

2.1. Anticipated climate change impacts on the abundance, distribution, and health of key wild food species 2.2. The expansion of beaver populations in Nunavik and their impacts on Arctic Char and other salmonids


2.1. Anticipated climate change impacts on the abundance, distribution, and health of key wild food species 2.2. The expansion of beaver populations in Nunavik and their impacts on Arctic Char and other salmonids2.3. The climate and habitat associations of ptarmigan across Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik


0-1

1-2

2-3

3-44-5

5-6

6-1

1

2

345

6

2.1. Anticipated climate change impacts on the abundance, distribution, and health of key wild food species 2.2. The expansion of beaver populations in Nunavik and their impacts on Arctic Char and other salmonids2.3. The climate and habitat associations of ptarmigan across Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik2.4. The current and future distribution of moose in northern Quebec under climate change


Community-based monitoring

2.1. Anticipated climate change impacts on the abundance, distribution, and health of key wild food species 2.2. The expansion of beaver populations in Nunavik and their impacts on Arctic Char and other salmonids2.3. The climate and habitat associations of ptarmigan across Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik2.4. The current and future distribution of moose in northern Quebec under climate change2.5. Culturally significant plants, their climate sensitivity, and their varied contributions to well-being


Photo by Sarak Meeko, published in Nunatsiaq News

Part 3. Modelling climate change impacts on the ecological production of wild foods: an ecosystem approach.

3.1. Climate change, terrestrial primary production, community composition, and digestible fraction.3.2. Climate change, terrestrial secondary production, animal body size and sustainable yield3.3. Marine and nearshore productivity, ecosystem exchange and coastal wildlife resources under climate change

AccessHunting &

HarvestProcessing &




PeoplePolicies &

Institutions

Value


Primary Activities

Equipment

Part 2

Part 3

Part 4

Part 1

People: the knowledge, abilities, and relationships enabling primary activities

Equipment: the equipment used to access, hunt, harvest, process, transport, share, store, prepare, & consume wild foods.

Governance: the formal and informal practices, regulations, programs, and organizations that support or infringe on the wild food value chain.

Développement durable,

Environnement et Lutte

contre les changements

climatiques

Part 4. Climate change impacts, adaptations, and vulnerabilities of northern Quebec’s wild food system

4.1. Regional forum and key informant analysis 4.2. Participant observer approach

Part 5. The changing wild food system in the context of aboriginal rights and conservation, health, and environmental policy

5.1 The right to hunt for food: the role of aboriginal rights, title, and comprehensive land claims in the contemporary wild food system.


5.1 The right to hunt for food: the role of aboriginal rights, title, and comprehensive land claims in the contemporary wild food system.5.2 Wildlife conservation, subsistence needs, and subsistence harvest in northern Quebec in an era of environmental and social change.


5.1 The right to hunt for food: the role of aboriginal rights, title, and comprehensive land claims in the contemporary wild food system.5.2 Wildlife conservation, subsistence needs, and subsistence harvest in northern Quebec in an era of environmental and social change.5.3 Environmental impact assessment and protected area creation as instruments for protecting the wild food system in an era of climate change.


5.1 The right to hunt for food: the role of aboriginal rights, title, and comprehensive land claims in the contemporary wild food system.5.2 Wildlife conservation, subsistence needs, and subsistence harvest in northern Quebec in an era of environmental and social change.5.3 Environmental impact assessment and protected area creation as instruments for protecting the wild food system in an era of climate change.5.4 Adapting public health frameworks, methodologies, and policy to the distinctness of Indigenous Peoples and their food systems.

AccessHunting &

HarvestProcessing &




PeoplePolicies &

Institutions

Value


Primary Activities

Equipment

Part 2

Part 3

Part 5

Part 4

Part 1

1. Document-based methods (DOC): This methodological category involves review, synthesis, and interpretation of documents that are already in the public domain or to which we are provided access. These documents will include peer-reviewed literature, government reports, policy documents, land claim agreements, and interview transcripts. Hence DOC methodologies focus on analysis of qualitative content presented as text whereas DATA methodologies involve quantitative content presented in numerical form. 2. Data-based methods (DATA): This methodological category involves extracting, summarizes, and analyzing data sources that are already in the public domain or to which we are provided access. Data sources accessed will include open access sources as well as published data from peer-reviewed literature, government reports and other sources. Hence DATA methodologies focus on analysis of quantitative content presented in numerical form whereas DOC methodologies focus on qualitative content presented as text. 3. Remote sensing & modelling (REM-MOD): This methodological category uses regional bioclimatic variables, remotely sensed land cover and NDVI, and estimates of ecological processes and relationships to model high resolution primary and secondary production. We will use an ecotrophic modelling framework and macroecological generalities to estimate from total primary production, decomposed into various plant functional groups, the fraction of secondary production most likely to be consumed as traditional animal food and to make spatially-explicit predictions about the past (1965-1985), current (1995-2015), near future (2050), and distant future (2080) states of wildlife distribution and abundance.4. Forums (FOR): Under the leadership of regional representative organizations, regional forums bring together diverse representatives (e.g., youth, elders, hunters) from most or all communities in the region for purposes of knowledge exchange and sharing, priority setting, etc. When invited, we will attend these forums to hear directly from communities regarding their knowledge, concerns, and priorities. If provided the opportunity, we will introduce ourselves and the broad objectives of the Wild Food, Inc. project at these forums, but will be there primarily as observers and will not conducting interviews, record what is being said, or seek to influence the proceedings by directing the conversation to topics of interest. 5. Key Informant Interviews (KI-INT): Key informant interviews will be used to access the knowledge, perspectives, and opinions of professionals acquired primarily through on the job experience. Interviews will generally be semi-structured, conducted in Cree or Inuktitut when appropriate, audio recorded, and transcribed. Key informants will generally be employees of regional, representative, government, industry, and/or non-government organizations. Though the lines between professional and personal experience are blurred, especially in northern contexts, KI-INT indicates interviews focused primarily on professional knowledge, perspective, and opinion, whereas CM-INT focus primarily on personal experience, knowledge, and perspective. 6. Carcasses & samples (CARC): Involves analysis of community-supplied samples of animal or plant parts. Typically, researchers will not be present when animals and plants are collected, but will financially compensate harvesters for supplying samples and in most cases request additional information about the sample including harvest location and harvest date.7. Workshops (WORK): Purpose-oriented events organized to refine or develop a methodology or to address a research or knowledge transfer objective with a specific group of invited participants. In sections of the proposal where workshop are proposed, we will describe objectives, invited participants, workshop methodology, and anticipated outcomes. To reduce the research burden, we will attempt to make any proposed workshops synergistic with other planned events (e.g., forums and meetings), but whether they are stand alone or combined event, workshops will be designed as a purpose-oriented research or knowledge transfer events. 8. Community Interviews (CM-INT): Community member interviews will be used to learn more about the experience, knowledge, and perspectives of people living in the community. Interviews will generally be semi-structured, conducted in Cree or Inuktitut when appropriate, audio recorded, and transcribed. Community members may be surveyed as representatives of households, or communities, or target groups like youth, hunters, women, or elders. In reality, the lines between professional and personal are often blurred and our terminology is admittedly clunky. For example, why do we not refer to hunters and cooks as both professionals and key informants and how do we classify individuals that are both community members and employees of organizations? Our intent is not to ignore these overlaps and complexities, but rather to recognize that community interviews, focused primarily on personal experience, knowledge, and perspective, asks more from individual community members than KI-INT interviews focused on professional opinion that is more routinely shared as part of normal job duties. 9. Surveys (SURV): Sampling of respondents using a structured questionnaire. When proposed, survey methodology will be specified including the population, the sample, and details of the survey instrument, including a general sense of what will be asked of whom.10. Field research (FIELD): Here used in an ecological research sense, to describe methodologies that involve researchers travelling onto land or water or by air to measure attributes of the physical environment or wild plant or animal species. In this sense, field research often involves establishing field camps, survey plots, and, in some cases, the capture and handling of wildlife. Thus, proposed FIELD methodologies will include specification of the impacts involved, who will be conducting the research, and the necessary research approvals and licensing. 11. Participant Observation (PART): Describes a methodology in which researchers attempt to participate in the context being observed, using diaries, notes, and memoing to record observations, experiences, and perspectives gained. Typically PART will include understanding by doing, as well as understanding by asking more-experienced participants questions oriented around observed

WILD FOOD INC. & CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHERN QUEBEC · The wild food system provides many...

Documents

Transcript of WILD FOOD INC. & CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHERN QUEBEC · The wild food system provides many...