Wikisym 2013 - Video Co-creation in Collaborative Online Communities

Andrew Lihhttp://andrewlih.comTwitter: Fuzheado Email: [email protected]

Video Co-‐creation in Collaborative Online Communities

Wikisym 2013August 5, 2013

Associate professorAmerican UniversitySchool of Communication

Monday, August 5, 13

http://andrewlih.com

http://andrewlih.com

Wikipedia and Video statusVideo patternsExperiments

Guidelines,Wikipedia portalIdeas

by bored-now@flickr, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution NC License

Overview


Andrew [email protected]

Twitter: Fuzheado

article view sourcediscussion history

HOW A BUNCH OF NOBODIES CREATED THE WORLD’S

GREATEST ENCYCLOPEDIA“Imagine a world in which every single person

on the planet is given free access to the sum of

all human knowledge. That’s what we’re doing.”

—Jimmy Wales

With more than 2,000,000 individual articles on

everything from Aa! (a Japanese pop group) to

Zzyzx, California, written by an army of volunteer

contributors, Wikipedia is the #8 site on the World

Wide Web. Created (and corrected) by anyone with

access to a computer, this impressive assemblage

of knowledge is growing at an astonishing rate of

more than 30,000,000 words a month. Now for the

first time, a Wikipedia insider tells the story of how

it all happened—from the first glimmer of an idea to

the global phenomenon it’s become.

Andrew Lih has been an administrator (a trusted

user who is granted access to technical features)

at Wikipedia for more than four years, as well as a

regular host of the weekly Wikipedia podcast. In The

Wikipedia Revolution, he details the site’s inception

in 2001, its evolution, and its remarkable growth,

while also explaining its larger cultural repercussions.

Wikipedia is not just a website; it’s a global commu-

nity of contributors who have banded together out of

a shared passion for making knowledge free.

Featuring a Foreword by Wikipedia founder Jimmy

Wales and an Afterword that is itself a Wikipedia

creation.

U.S. $24.99

ANDREW LIH was an academic in new media and

journalism for ten years, at Columbia University

and Hong Kong University. He has been a com-

mentator on new media, technology, and journal-

ism issues on CNN, MSNBC, and NPR. Lih is

based in Beijing.

Become a part of The Wikipedia Revolution yourself,

and try your hand at editing the last chapter at: http://

www.wikipediarevolution.com/wiki/Main_Page

Jacket design by Ervin Serrano

Jacket photographs: globe by Frank Whitney/Jupiterimages;

puzzle by Shutterstock

Author photograph by Mei Fong

3/09

Prin

ted

in U

SA ©

200

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Wikipedia RevolutionFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the book. For the different, similar terms related to Wikipedia, see

Wikipedia (terminology).

For Wikipedia’s non-encyclopedic visitor introduction, see Wikipedia:About.

Wikipedia Revolution (pronunciation ) is the story of the free,[1] multilingual ency-

clopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. The website’s name

is a portmanteau of the words wiki (a technology for creating collaborative websites) and

encyclopedia. Wikipedia’s 10 million articles have been written collaboratively by volun-

teers around the world, and almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone who can

access the Wikipedia website.[2] Launched in 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger,[3] it

is currently the largest and most popular[1] general reference work on the Internet.[4][5][6]

The Wikipedia Revolution traces Wikipedia’s phenomenal success back to its roots, and

profiles the people who have contributed to its stated mission of giving every single person

free access to the sum of all human knowledge.

THE WIKIPEDIA REVOLUTION

ANDREW LIH

How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the W

orld’s Greatest Encyclopedia

ISBN: 978-1-4013-0371-6

ANDREW L IH

From the Introduction to The Wikipedia Revolution by Wikipedia founder, Jimmy Wales

By now, it’s hard not to use the Internet without experiencing Wikipedia in

searches and surfing. It has become an incredibly useful Internet resource in

many languages. Yet when you use Wikipedia, you may not understand the

philosophy behind it.

This book tells the story of how Wikipedia began and evolved from a traditional

encyclopedia into the intricate global community that it is today.


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

What I do

• Weekly roundtable on PBS MediaShift podcast

• Technology features for KCET in Los Angeles


Video @ Wikimania

• Multimedia roundtable - Wednesday, 10 am. Fabrice Florin, WMF[[Submissions/Multimedia_Roundtable]]

• Towards a more visual encyclopedia - Saturday, 1130am. Andrew Lih

• Wiki TV - Sunday, 200pm. Manuel Schneider


CHM• Computer History Museum curation

advising - Wikipedia exhibit 2014

• Edit this Museum Exhibit @ Wikimania - Friday, 4pm.


Wikipedia video status

Potential for great video storytellingHow many videos in Wikipedia

articles?



Of 4.x million articles, around 4,000Only 0.1%

Only 0.03% of high quality



Articles on [[soccer]] and [[dance]] -‐ NO VIDEO

Britannica and Encarta are/were better in these areas


Ward CunninghamThis file is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 License


Citizen GlobalVideo co-‐creation using mobile app

“Footage call” to the crowdLow quality submissions

Low visual literacy


Citizen Global


Reading/writing text

Reading Writing

Easy

Hard


Video creation

Watch video Produce video

Easy

Hard


Video experimentsMTV UNfiltered (1993-‐1998)Teens and Hi-‐8 camcordersVery low signal/noise ratio


Common mistakes

• “Uncle Murray” video

• Nauseating kids party style; painting the walls

• Bad framing

• Poor pans, zooms, tilts that fail to halt

• Badly lit scenes, backlight

• Too many wide shots, no closeups

• Not walking out of frame (Let my people go!)


Desirable habits

• Hold a shot, treat it like a still camera

• Linger: create > 10 second long clips

• Panning: start steady, end steady

• Hands off the zoom

• Have sequences and alternatives in mind

• Meaningful, useful B-roll


JournalismCommon problem: teaching video

storytelling

Solution: BBC 5 shot methodWall Street Journal, NY Times

That’s a pattern!


SolutionWikis started out to share programming patterns

How about video patterns?Provide templates/direction for

content creators


News Language


Video GrammarThe Daily Show

TV TropesCommunity (TV show)


Video GrammarInterview

B-‐roll -‐ secondary footageCutaway

Line of actionRule of thirds


BBC 5 Shot methodPattern pioneered by Michael

Rosenblum, NYT Television, NY1, BBC, CurrentTV


Five Shot methodCloseup on handsCloseup on face

Wide shotOver the shoulderUnusual/side shot


25

Example: Venice Pier Gets its Fill


Closeup of the hands

Closeup of the face

Wide shot

Over the shoulder

Unusual/alternative

WHAT!is!being!done?!Mystery!is!good:!half!the!frame!should!be!hands

WHO!is!doing!it?!Show*TWO*EYES,*not*a*profile*shot

WHERE!is!it!being!done?!Respect*the*LINE*OF*ACTION

HOW!is!it!done?!Combine*into*POVClike*shot

WHAT*ELSE!should!viewer!know?

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2

3

4

5


Five Shot basicsStart with best shot

Get audience to ask questions


Why it worksEngages audience

Lighten cognitive load with good continuity


Why it worksSequence always cuts together

Usable B-‐roll all the timeMystery closeups draw viewers in


MethodCompels shooters to get closeProvides known game plan

Frees brain for story decisionsWeb video demands closeups


Wikipedia video statusHow do we use this to get more video

in Wikipedia?


Wiki Makes VideoSpring video contest

(Renamed from Lights Camera Wiki)Challenge for low-‐hanging fruit topicsTrain Wikimedians on video literacy/

shooting


Tiers of Video(Chet Rhodes, WaPost)

Tier 1 -‐ one-‐take, raw videoTier 2 -‐ light productionTier 3 -‐ heavy production


Tier 1Serbian dessert


Tier 2Berlin Wall


Tier 2Chris Burden


Tier 3Tie Dye


Tier 3Airstream


Tier 3Spring roll


Tier 3Internet Archive, Brewster Kahle


Patterns

FoodFinished dishIngredients

PrepCookingFinal dish

Static objectsCloseupWide shotDetail

Interesting/unusualFinale

HumanHandsFaceWideOTS

Unusual


Wiki Makes Video participationClip -‐ existing archivesShoot -‐ original content

Suggest -‐ recommendations


ChallengesVideo standards...

Open source standards WebM and Ogg Theora not widely used

No collaborative editingStorage of intermediate work?


Video StandardsPatent encumbered/proprietary

Open source/open standard

Codec/container AVCHD, MPEG-‐2, MPEG-‐4, Xvid, AVI, MOV

Ogg Theora, WebM (VP6) -‐ Google

Embedding Flash HTML5

Availability Out-‐of-‐the-‐box commercial support (Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, Sony, Panasonic, et al)

Limited codec support (iOS especially), plugins needed. Chrome built-‐in

Ubiquity Widespread, both professionals and amateurs

Limited, mostly open source communities


Articles UpgradedSandbag

Contact lensAfrican penguin

LonganSpace shuttleAirstream


Wiki Makes VideoDefine sample video patternsIdentify topic areas for video

Train novices on shooting/editingTutorial on uploading/embedding


Video PatternsFive shot pattern (BBC)

Food pattern (ingredients, prep, product)

Monuments pattern


Prime topicsArt/dance/sport -‐ bodies in motion

Food -‐ cross-‐culturalMonuments/architecture -‐ WLM

Wildcard


IssuesBest way to get high participation?Best way to describe patterns?

Over-‐instruction is a riskBest way to track progress, tag?

Best way to judge?


IssuesVideo still a “singleton” effort

Wikimedia Foundation had a video initiative (circa 2009)

Partnered with Kaltura for web-‐based collaborative editing: effort stalled


IssuesLegal problem: freedom of panorama, right of publicity

Probably should do model release forms for all human subjects

Public art copyright confusion (ownership, display, et al)


Future workNational Geographic 2.0

Generic XML-‐based “storyboard” language for patterns

Mobile appCollaborative editing, storing

intermediate workPartners?


Future workApps and software-‐assisted

workflows


Examples for Citizen JournalismCNN iReportRawporterVideolicious

Wikinews/Wikipedia


Examples for video appsVine

Instagram videoViddy


Case: VideoliciousRequesting user-‐generated videos

for lifestyle brandsUnfortunately, text-‐heavy

descriptions


58


59


60

#FAILToo much text instructionWouldn’t a visual system be desirable?


Case: RawporterCrowdsourced videojournalism

#FAILUnclear on what styles of video footage desired by news organizations.Clip-‐based, not story-‐based.


MaterialsField checklistshttp://andrewlih.com/blog


http://andrewlih.com/blog

http://andrewlih.com/blog

ChallengeChecklist-‐based, two-‐handed operation

can be cumbersome

Combine these two!Monday, August 5, 13

Evolution

Paper book

Text/Photo

Audio/Video

Media capture, analysis, transmission

•

Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eucharius_R%C3%B6%C3%9Flin_Rosgarten_Titel.jpg


http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eucharius_R%C3%B6%C3%9Flin_Rosgarten_Titel.jpg


Evolution

Paper book E-‐textbook

Text/Photo

Audio/Video


• •

•





Evolution

Paper book E-‐textbook E-‐workbook

Text/Photo

Audio/Video


• • •

• •

•





Instead of paper instruction...Build the 5 shot method into device

iPad screen ridiculously big, sotake advantage of its UI space


Prototype interfacesShot list, instruction and camera


Prototype interfacesAnalysis, checklist, camera location


Prototype interfacesStoryboard of shots neededProvide instruction/analysis

54321

Hands Face OTSWide Unusual

Closeup on faceWHO is doing it? • Frame with rule of thirds • Give “talk space” in front of eyes/nose. • Can cut off top of head, but not the chin. • SHOW TWO EYES!

2

FRAMING

EYES

NOSEROOM

e-workbook

REC

Analyze

Module: BBC 5 Shot


Interested PartiesVericorder

iPhone hardware/software

Five shot materials used in video training at:

Notre Dame University, West Virginia University, WTOP in Washington DC


Android?Investigating Open Data Kit

(Apache license)


73


Wikisym 2013 - Video Co-creation in Collaborative Online Communities

Technology

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