WIFI ENABLED BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: USING THE...

Damien Frost and David Howey

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford

http://users.ox.ac.uk/~engs1053/

WIFI ENABLED BATTERY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS: USING THE INTERNET OF THINGS

TO ENHANCE BATTERY TECHNOLOGY

UKES 2016

2nd December 2016

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1 Wifi Enabled Battery Management Systems: Using the Internet of Things to

Enhance Battery Technology

Introduction and Motivation

Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Battery Degradation

Internet Connected Battery

Battery Degradation

D. Frost & D. Howey

• “Batteries suck.” – Elon Musk

• Want to know when they will fail

• Battery modelling can help

2

Battery Degradation

Wifi Enabled Battery Management Systems: Using the Internet of Things to

Enhance Battery Technology D. Frost & D. Howey


Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Battery Degradation


3


• Getting more data can help build

more accurate models

• Acquiring data is difficult, and time

consuming

Image credit: binasmartbusiness.com




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Battery Degradation


4

Renobat

DeWALT

Roost

Renobat

• Most of their business is from selling

a battery desulfation service for lead

acid batteries

• Starting to move monitoring to the

cloud, for preventative maintenance

Image credits: www.renobat.eu/en/




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

5

DeWALT

• Manage and track battery packs for

power tools

• Check SoC, temperature, diagnostics

from the App

• Mostly sold as a security feature

Image credits: www.dewalt.co.uk




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Renobat

DeWALT

Roost

6

Roost

• Wifi connected Lithium ion battery in

the form factor of a 9V battery

• The battery connects to wifi, and can

send alerts to your smart phone

• Can snooze the alarm with the app

Image credits: www.getroost.com




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Renobat

DeWALT

Roost

7

Overview

• Every solution today is bespoke

• A true IoT device could communicate

with any other device on the

internet, however compromises must

be made

• Our goal: create an open battery

repository and hardware

Hello Mr.

Battery!

Who are

you???




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Overview

Physical Layer

Communication Protocol

Hardware

Complete System

8

Overview

Physical Layer


Hardware

Complete System

Overview

• Collecting battery data has many

benefits

• Greater user interaction and learning

• More complex models could be

verified



Preventative

Maintenance


Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

9

Overview

• What is the best way to bridge the

gap between the device and the

internet?

• Low cost microcontrollers do not

have the same high level protocols as

servers

?

Low Level

Interfaces

High Level

Interfaces




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Overview

Physical Layer


Hardware

Complete System

10

Physical Layer

• Wi-Fi is ubiquitous

• Decently scalable

• Easily interface with servers and PCs

• Passive Wi-Fi consumes 10,000x less

power than conventional chipsets [1]




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Overview

Physical Layer


Hardware

Complete System

[1] B. Kellogg, V. Talla, S. Gollakota, and J. R. Smith, “Passive Wi-Fi: Bringing Low Power to Wi-Fi Transmissions,” USENIX Symp. Networked Syst. Des. Implement., 2016.

11


• The communication protocol is like

the language of the system

• There are as many as 7 different

protocols suitable for IoT devices

• We have decided to use WebSockets

Hello!

Bonjour!

???




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Overview

Physical Layer


Hardware

Complete System

12

Hardware

• MCU: STM32F401RET6

• 512 kB Flash • 84 MHz CPU Frequency • 12 bit ADC

• Wi-Fi Module: RN171

• 802.11 b/g • 54 Mbps




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Overview

Physical Layer


Hardware

Complete System

13

Complete System

IoT Device

Wi-Fi Shield

NUCLEO-F401RE

Serial 1 TX

Serial 1 RX

D5(TCP Status)

D6(Wifi Reset)

RN-171 Module

Main Program

PC

WebSocket Server

Python Server

Tornado Web Server

Router

UART

WiFly Interface

WebSocket Client




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Overview

Physical Layer


Hardware

Complete System

http://epg.eng.ox.ac.uk/content/creating-your-own-iot-network-iot-part-1-3


















14

Complete System




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

Overview

Physical Layer


Hardware

Complete System



















15

Connected Smart Cell

Connected Modular Battery Pack


• Each cell implements a decentralized

control algorithm to synchronize its

switching actions [3]

• Wi-Fi is used for debugging and

monitoring of the cells

• A WebSocket server runs on a PC and

collects data as the system is running

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Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

[3] D. F. Frost and D. A. Howey, “Novel MMC control for active balancing and minimum ripple current in series-connected battery

strings,” 2015 17th Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl. (EPE’15 ECCE-Europe), pp. 1–10, 2015.

16


• Modular battery pack designed for

re-purposed lithium ion cells

• 24 modules connected to a master

which has a Wi-Fi connection

• Module-level monitoring and control




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security



17

Security and Privacy

Security and Privacy

• Hacking

• New protocols to distinguish real data

requests [2]

• Weigh the Pros and Cons

[2] C. Gehrmann, M. Tiloca, and R. Hoglund, “SMACK: Short message authentication check against battery exhaustion in the Internet of

Things,” 2015 12th Annu. IEEE Int. Conf. Sensing, Commun. Networking, SECON 2015, pp. 274–282, 2015.

bbc.co.uk

fortune.com

nbcnews.com




Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

18

Conclusions

• Big data is playing a role in battery

technology

• Big data can help us build better

battery models, which will in turn help

us predict the lifespan of a cell or pack

• Software and hardware are needed to

realize the data needs

• An IoT ‘starter kit’ was developed

• Future work will be focused on

creating a battery data bank

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Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security

19

Questions?

Thank You

Contact Information:

Damien Frost

[email protected]

IoT Tutorial:


EPG Group Website

epg.eng.ox.ac.uk

Howey Research Group Website

users.ox.ac.uk/~engs1053


Industry Examples

Our Solution

Current Projects

Security




















http://epg.eng.ox.ac.uk/



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