Wide Area Aerial Surveillance Systems

Dr Ross McNutt

March 6, 2012

Wide Area Surveillance and

Counter Nacro-Terrorism Operations

Persistent Surveillance Systems

• Wide Area Surveillance

• Persistent Surveillance Systems

• Counter Narco-Terrorism Operations

• System Enhancements

• Barriers to Enhanced Operations

Wide Area Surveillance Image 88 megapixels 1Hz downlinked

Cincinnati 12 Sept 07

Football players practicing


• Wide Area Airborne Surveillance Systems • Wide Area Ground Based Surveillance System • Integrated Command and Analysis Centers • Commercially Available Services and Systems

Hawkeye Wide-Area Airborne Persistent Surveillance System

192 Megapixel Airborne Surveillance System

Affordable aircraft operations 6 to 10 hours time on station 5 x 5 miles coverage – Vehicles and People 6 x 6 mile coverage - Vehicles

Live georectification

Full area live downlink Mobile Command Center

Real time distribution for multiple users

Persistent Surveillance Systems System Description

• Wide area, long duration, city-sized surveillance system – Based on a 192 megapixel camera system – One image per second (time-stamped) – Orthorectified and stabilized map like view – Comparison to military AWACS

• “Town-sized” images with sufficient resolution to allow tracking

vehicles and people – 5 miles x 5 miles allowing tracking of people – 6 miles x 6 miles allowing tracking of vehicles

• Recorded and down linked to allow both forensic and real-time

operations

• Aircraft based system capable of providing continuous observations up to 10 hours per day (with aux fuel tanks).

Persistent Surveillance Systems Cirrus Surveillance System


Typical Security Camera 320 x 240 0.08 MP Standard TV 640 x 480 0.31 MP HD TV 720P 1280 x 720 0.92 MP HD 1080 1920 x 1080 2.07 MP Digital Cinema 2K 2048 x 1080 2.21 MP Imax Digital Cinema 4k 4096 x 2160 8.84 MP

PSS Hawkeye 99 MP PSS Hawkeye II 192 MP NightHawk (Export Restricted) 88 MP E/O -- 64 MP MWIR Vision RL Ground Based System 128 MP

Samples of Pixels

Staring and Survey Modes Persistent Stare and Long Range Coverage

Long Range Periodic Coverage Persistent Coverage over and Area

-- Used for Long areas of interest -- Multiple real time images allow for image to image change detection to auto detect movement within the area -- Pass by pass detection can highlight changes that occur between over flights -- Periodic Downlink when within range

-- Used for high activity areas -- Constant Coverage over large area -- Detect and Track Movement Within Area -- Real Time Constant Download


• Conducting Live Operations since 2008 • Sample of Operations

– NASCAR BrickYard 400 Indianapolis Motor Speedway – North Philadelphia Philadelphia Police Department – Baltimore Police Department – NASCAR Race Cola Cola 600 Charlotte Motor Speedway – Iowa Floods – Dayton Police Department – Sarah Palin VP Candidate Announcement – Ft Leonard Wood – Juarez Mexico – Private Kidnapping – El Paso Border Surveillance DEA – Gulf Oil Spill – Mexicali Mexico – Torreon Mexico – Compton California – LA Sheriffs Office – Nogales Arizona Border Security Operations

Compton Coverage

HawkEye II 192 MegaPixels 3 Color

HawkEye I 88 MegaPixels

Night Hawk 88 Megapixel EO

16 /64 megapixel MWIR


• Operation Overview

Operation Overview


Command Operations

Trailer Compton Server 4 user stations

Conf / Analysis Room

2 User Stations

Compton Court House

Holiday Inn

Long Beach

Aero Bureau Analysis Center

AeroServer 5 user stations

Relay Data Link 100 – 150 mb/sec

Relay

Data

Link

Air to Ground

Data Links

300 mb/sec

Airborne Systems

Aircraft, Camera System, Image Processor,

Data Links, SkyServer

Fiber

Link

PSS Command Center

1 User Station

HawkEye II System Status


Compton Conf Room

Aero Conf Room

Command Vehicle


PSS Target Markets • Major City Police Departments

– St Louis, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Dayton, Phoenix…

• International Customers

• Key is Affordable System and Service

– System - Entire system cost less then a police helicopter without surveillance equipment

– Service - Cost of full service, including analysis, is about the cost of operating a police helicopter per hour.


Counter Narco Terrorism Operations

1

2

Murder Locations 27 Feb 10

Murder Shot at 13:40:42 - 27 Feb 2010

Accomplice?

Victim Car

Murder Car

Shooter running toward victim car

Murder Shot at 13:56:16

Shot of actual shooter, victim and getaway car Accomplice car 2 (left) also shown waiting around the corner – meets with Murderers prior Returns to participate in investigation then returns to police station

Persistent Surveillance Systems Area Coverage (With 3 month murder overlay)

Persistent Surveillance Systems Murders Observed and Investigated in One Limited Operation

26 Aug 13:10 - Execution of Police Woman 26 Aug 13:45 - Cartel on Cartel Murder 31 Aug 1515 - Armed Robbery 1 Sept 15:20 - Body Dumping by Bridge 9 Sept 14:09 - Attempted Execution 9 Sept 14:55 - Execution of City Official 20 Sept 13:05 - Murder 24 Sept 16:15 - Execution on Street 25 Sept 14:22 - Execution on Street 29 Sept 14:47 - Murder 1 Oct 13:47 - Execution on Street 2 Oct 17:15 – Murder 10 Oct 1407 - Murder 15 Oct 14:22 - Murder 16 Oct 14:48 - Murder 21 Oct 11:56 - Double Murder 22 Oct 15:22 - Murder in Mall Parking Lot

Many more events in data collected but we have not analyzed We witnessed many more crimes than could be analyzed with available staff

Murder #2 on 26 Aug 09 at 13:42

Report Number XXXXXX Case Number XXXXXX

Example

Wide Area Surveillance

88 Megapixels/sec -- up to 16 square miles coverage

Murder 1 13:10

Murder 2 13:47

Murder 2 Video -Car 1 Tracked

Images of the Murder

3 Cars Directly Involved in Murder

Murder Car 3

Murder Car 2

Murder Car 1

Murder Get into

this car after murder

Murder Location

and Murderer

Back Tracked to Pre-Murder Meeting at 13:38:11

Murder Car 3 Previously picked up weapons

from Accomplice #1 20 minutes

prior

Murder Car 2 Murder Cars 2 and 3 leave this location

at 13:38:23 to go to murder site

Accomplice #2 Accomplice #2 Meets with

murderers takes different

route then observes from a

distance

Accomplice #2 is tracked for 40

minutes prior and 2 hours

after the murder

Suspect Car #2 Returns here after

Murder

Suspect Car #1 Returns here after Murder – Drops off

person

Suspects Enter this House after Murder

Suspects Enter this House after Murder

Post Murder Locations

Murderer, Accomplices, and Associates Tracked Activities 45 minutes prior and 3 hours after murder

Murder Car 1 Track

Car 1 Timeline

• 13:01:14 Murder Car #1 Start • 13:02:51 Car to Car Meeting • 13:04:20 Car to Multi People Meeting • 13:07:32 Car to Car Meeting • 13:12:40 Car to Car Meeting by Where murder would happen • 13:18:48 Person exits Car to observe area where the murder will take place • 13:42:11 Car to Car meeting just down the box where the murder will happen • 13:45:46 Suspect enters Car on passenger side and Suspect Car drive away • 13:47:58 1st Person exit Car enters house • 13:48:33 Car to Person Meeting • 13:53:41 2nd Person exits Car and enters house • 13:56:05 Suspect Car Parks Driver exits Car • 14:35:20 Suspect Car stops (37 25.818’N 122 05.36’W) 35 minutes long • 14:39:46 Suspect Car parks and Driver exits • …….

Murder Car 1 Start of Track

2510 Heroes del carrizal

Suspect Car

Suspect Car 1 and People Interface

Guillermo Prieto Valentin gomez Farias

Suspect Car

Murder 2 - 26 Aug Key locations Starting and ending points of most participants

See key locations KLM file which shows each location and an image of it

Annotated Reports Integrate Ground and Arial Imagery Car 1 and Car 2 Post-Murder Activities

13:47:51: Murder Car 1 returns to location

of pre-event meeting , parks briefly. Person

exits passenger side (it is possible that this

is the murderer) and enters this Blue

building (also pictured earlier).

13:47:53: Murder Car 2 returns

here after murder and parks.

Driver appears to exit vehicle.

13:48:31: Driver from Murder Car 2

Meets Murder car 1 then enters this

building.

Corner of Pascual Jaramillo & Heroes del Carrizal

Corner D.M. Ruiz & Heroes del Carrizal

Street View MURDERERS STARTING AND ENDING LOCATION “B”

Multiple Simultaneous Border Crossing Surveillance El Paso 3/18/10 flight

-- Back track stopped cars to look for starting location and stash houses and other coordinated vehicles -- Identify driving characteristics and prior crossing to predict other suspect cars -- Identify potential coordinated and multiple crossing cars to stopped cars (cars they met with prior) -- Connected additional suspect cars to border crossing times and lanes to obtain photo and license plate info

Analysts at Work


• Level 1 Analysis - Overnight – Who is directly involved with the crime – Where did they come from – Where did they go

• Level 2 Analysis – 1-3 days – Who did the criminals meet with – Where did they come from – Where did they go

• Level 3 Network Analysis - 1 week – Over the last week or two who did all of the above meet with – Where did they come from and where did they go

Levels of Analysis

• 40 analysts with top secret clearances • 80 hours of hands on analysis training

• Tracking • Investigation process • Intel process • Criminal TTPs (What they typically do) • Integration of sources • Reporting results • Leading teams

PSS Analysts


– Analyst Tool Kit

– iView – integrated imagery viewer

– Incident Locator – Data base interface tools for locating crimes and coverage overlaps

– PSS Locate

– Tracking Tools (Manual and Assisted)

– Investigation Data Base

– Google Earth Output

– Open Source Web Crawlers

Analysis Software Tools

PSS Incident Locator

Ingests available police

reports and dispatch

information

Shows times and locations

of flights

Shows summary of reported

crimes within the coverage

area

Searchable by location,

time, crime, flight, and

coverage area

Significantly speeds

process to identify crimes in

coverage area

Short-Term Fixed Site PSS Command Center

Simple office configuration

6 to 8 analyst stations

Allows discrete operations

and operating location

1 day set up and tear down

Single trailer deployment

All equipment provided

Servers,

Storage System

Networking Equipment

Analyst Stations

Furniture

Printers and

Office Supplies

Shown as currently deployed

PSS Highly Mobile Command Center Dodge Sprinter

Insertable command module

4 Dual Screen Work Stations

Servers

Data

Storage

UPS

COM

Comp

Lights

Batteries

Inverter

Server

Disk Array

Aux AC

Comp

Lights

System Integration and Enhancements


• Wide Area Surveillance

• Police and 911 Dispatch

• Ground Based Cameras

• Shot Spotter

• Automatic License Plate Readers

• Electronic Surveillance

– Direction Finding and intercept

Integrated Surveillance Center

Surveillance Systems Integration

Ground Based Surveillance Cameras

Murder Car 1 in Camera 4.12 at 13:15:27

Airborne WAS and Security Camera Coverage Comparison

Airborne WAAS and Security Camera Coverage

Different Perspectives

Shot Spotter Gunshot Location System

Automatic License Plate Readers

In Car (top) and Back Office (Bottom) Displays

Fixed and Mobile ALPR Cameras


• Discussion

Wide Area Aerial Surveillance Systems

Business

Transcript of Wide Area Aerial Surveillance Systems