Wi Tricity Wireless Electricity 1

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  • http://www.instructables.com/id/Wi-Tricity-Wireless-Electricity-1/

    Food Living Outside Play Technology Workshop

    Wi-Tricity (Wireless Electricity)by howtowithmanish on March 9, 2012

    Table of Contents

    Wi-Tricity (Wireless Electricity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Intro: Wi-Tricity (Wireless Electricity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Step 1: History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

    Step 2: Our Model Space Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

    Step 3: Our Model Resonant Inductive Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

    Step 4: Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

    Step 5: Build Your Own Model? Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

    Step 6: How to Build the Model? Step 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

    Step 7: How to build the Model? Step 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

    Step 8: The Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

    Step 9: Plug in the Wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

    Step 10: Watch it work! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

    Step 11: The Second Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

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    Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

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    Author:howtowithmanishI am an A-Levels Student at Karachi Grammar School, Pakistan. My passion is physics and mechanics and I want to be a Mechanical Engineer in the future.Actually anything in the field of engineering would do. :P

    Intro: Wi-Tricity (Wireless Electricity)Please Rate this Instructable and follow me for more cool step by step guides.

    Made by Manish Kumar, Murtaza Tunio, Minaam Abbas, Mustafa Rashid and Saad Hirani.

    Wireless electricity is one of the most emerging solutions to the global power crisis. It is defined as the transfer of wireless electricity or power from a source to a loadwithout the use of any artificial interconnecting conductors such as wires. Wireless electricity is being used primarily on the basis that at times, wires can be inefficient(power is lost as wires transmit electricity over long distances), inconvenient (in terms of cost and labor) and sometimes hazardous (many people may be electrocuted orput in some sort of danger).Our team paid attention to two different forms of wireless energy transfer- the first is through resonant inductive coupling, whereby energy supplied to a coil is transferredto a similar parallel coil without the use of any wires in order to provide enough electricity to light LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). The second is through the use of a laserthat reflects onto a solar panel attached to a capacitor that stores the energy converted by the solar panel, and transmits it to an LED placed at a distance. This time, theLED is connected through wires as the laser already shows the transfer of wireless energy. Other forms of wireless electricity transfer not looked at include the use ofmicrowaves etc.

    Image Notes1. Our Banner2. Our School Logo3. Solar Harvesting Model

    Step 1: HistoryWireless power transmission is not a new idea. Nicola Tesla demonstrated transmission of electrical energy without wires in early 20th century. Tesla usedelectromagnetic induction systems. Tesla discovered that electrical energy could be transmitted through the earth and the atmosphere. In the course of his research hesuccessfully lit lamps at moderate distances and was able to detect the transmitted energy at much greater distances. The Wardenclyffe Tower project was a commercialventure for trans-Atlantic wireless telephony and proof-of-concept demonstrations of global wireless power transmission. The facility was not completed because ofinsufficient funding.

    Earth is a naturally conducting body and forms one conductor of the system. A second path is established through the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere startingat an elevation of approximately 4.5 miles.

    A global system for "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" called the World Wireless System, dependent upon the high electrical conductivity of plasma andthe high electrical conductivity of the earth, was proposed as early as 1904Following World War II, which saw the development of high-power microwave emitters known as cavity magnetrons, the idea of using microwaves to transmit power wasresearched.

    William C Brown demonstrated a microwave powered model helicopter in 1964. This receives all the power needed for flight from a microwave beam. In 1975 Bill Browntransmitted 30kW power over a distance of 1 mile at 84% efficiency without using cables.Japanese researcher Hidetsugu Yagi also investigated wireless energy transmission using a directional array antenna that he designed. In February 1926, Yagi and Udapublished their first paper on the tuned high-gain directional array now known as the Yagi antenna. While it did not prove to be particularly useful for power transmission,this beam antenna has been widely adopted throughout the broadcasting and wireless telecommunications industries due to its excellent performance characteristics.

    In 2006, more recent breakthroughs were made; using electrodynamics induction a physics research group, led by Prof. Marin Soljacic, at MIT, wirelessly power a 60Wlight bulb with 40% efficiency at a 2 meters distance with two 60 cm-diameter coils.

    Researchers developed several techniques for moving electricity over long distance without wires. Some exist only as theories or prototypes, but others are already inuse.

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    Image Notes1. Nikola Tesla : The Father of the Wi-tricity

    Step 2: Our Model Space Harvesting1. Space Harvesting

    Our model consists of satellite, which emits a laser, and a solar cell, placed on earth, designed absorbs the energy from that laser. This model demonstrates theconcept of energy harvesting from space. The world today relies heavily on oil to fulfill its energy requirements; however, oil will not last long enough to sustain us forlong. The US Department of Energy in the Hirsch report indicates that The problems associated with world oil production peaking will not be temporary, and pastenergy crisis experience will provide relatively little guidance. Moreover, the increasing demand for energy all over the world does not make the situation any better.Therefore scientists have proposed many radical solutions.

    One of the proposed solutions is to place an array of solar panels in space and beam the energy generated down to earth by means of microwaves or lasers. Such asystem has many benefits:

    Higher collection rate: In space, transmission of solar energy is unaffected by the filtering effects of atmospheric gasses. Consequently, collection in orbit is1.approximately 144% of the maximum attainable on Earth's surface.Longer collection period: Orbiting satellites can be exposed to a consistently high degree of solar radiation, generally for 24 hours per day, whereas surface2.panels can collect for 12 hours per day at most.Elimination of weather concerns, since the collecting satellite would reside well outside of any atmospheric gasses, cloud cover, wind, and other weather events.3.Elimination of plant and wildlife interference.4.Re-directable power transmission: A collecting satellite could possibly direct power on demand to different surface locations based on geographical baseload or5.peak load power needs.

    Our main focus here is to demonstrate the application of the laser as one of the modes of wireless transfer of energy, it effectively transfers the potential differencegenerated on the solar panels in space to receiving station on the ground, from where it can be regulated and utilized.

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    Image Notes1. The Solar Harvesting Model2. Class 2 Laser

    Image Notes1. Class 2 Laser

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    Step 3: Our Model Resonant Inductive Coupling2. Resonant Inductive Coupling

    Our model here demonstrates that electricity can be efficiently transmitted over large distances using inductive coupling. It consists of a two coils which have beeninductively coupled, that is, the magnetic field generated in one coil induces a magnetic field in the other coil. However the point that differentiates this from an ordinarytransformer type setup is the fact the magnetic flux in these coils has been made to vibrate at a specific frequency with the help of a capacitor. This enables the twocoils to transfer energy effectively even over large distances!Our focus here was to show that electricity can be efficiently transferred over couple of Inches with the use of resonant inductive coupling. With usage of higherfrequencies and a more powerful output such a device could be used to eliminate the need for power cords or extension cables.

    The basic purpose and motivation for this project stems from the fact that in the modern world, power has become short in supply and its demand excessive. The costs ofmaintaining power and equating it to the increasing demand for fossil fuels makes the production of electricity a difficult task. With the reserves of fossil fuels in the worldset to end within the first half of the 21st century, now is the best time to explore alternative forms of electricity for usage around the world. Sunlight, water and wind havealready been used for powering houses, but these are also resources of nature and considering the fact that we live in a biosphere with limited resources it would befoolish to chase something natural to replace another. Thus the production of electricity by resonant inductive coupling and through lasers seems a useful alternative tothe power crisis.

    The project not only demonstrates on a small scale the way in which such electricity is produced, but also explores throughout the course of this experiment, whether ornot wireless power is a viable source of energy. By looking at various advantages and disadvantages we will be able to determine to what extent in the future, wirelesselectricity will and can be used to human advantage. The project was inspired from MIT visionaries who wished to use this method of producing electricity following thediscoveries of Tesla to benefit power producers around the world and ease production burden and alleviate running costs.

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    Image Notes1. Wi-tricity can go around, over and through certain obstacles.

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    Image Notes1. Any sort of life isn't affected by the Wi-tricity technology.

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    Step 4: AdvantagesThere are several advantages for this new mode of energy transfer.

    1. Highly Resonant Strong Coupling Provides High Efficiency Over Distance

    This mode of wireless power transfer is highly efficient over distances ranging from centimeters to several meters. We define efficiency as the amount of usable electricalenergy created from a source. This mode of transfer can assure a high rate of efficiency due to its design.

    2. Energy Transfer via Magnetic Near Field Can Penetrate and Wrap Around Obstacles

    The magnetic near field has several properties that make it an excellent means of transferring energy in a typical consumer, commercial, or industrial environment. Mostcommon building and furnishing materials, such as wood, gypsum wall board, plastics, textiles, glass, brick, and concrete are essentially transparent to magneticfieldsenabling this technology to efficiently transfer power through them. In addition, the magnetic near field has the ability to wrap around many metallic obstaclesthat might otherwise block the magnetic fields.

    3. Non-Radiative Energy Transfer is Safe for People and Animals

    WiTricitys technology is a non-Radiative mode of energy transfer, relying instead on the magnetic near field. Magnetic fields interact very weakly with biologicalorganismspeople and animalsand are scientifically regarded to be safe. Professor Sir John Pendry of Imperial College London, a world renowned physicist, explains:The body really responds strongly to electric fields, which is why you can cook a chicken in a microwave. But it doesn't respond to magnetic fields. As far as we knowthe body has almost zero response to magnetic fields in terms of the amount of power it absorbs."

    4. Scalable Design Enables Solutions from Milli watts to Kilowatts

    This system can be designed to handle a broad range of power levels. The benefits of highly efficient energy transfer over distance can be achieved at power levelsranging from Milli watts to several kilowatts. This enables the technology to be used in applications as diverse as powering a wireless mouse or keyboard (milliwatts) torecharging an electric passenger vehicle (kilowatts).

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    Image Notes1. Any sort of life isn't affected by the Wi-tricity technology.

    Image Notes1. Wi-tricity can go around, over and through certain obstacles.

    Step 5: Build Your Own Model? MaterialsMaterials Needed:

    100 feet of high efficiency coils.1.2, 500 micro farads capacitors.2.Connecting Wires3.LED's4.An Oscilloscope (1.1MHz)5.A volt meter.6.

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    Image Notes1. Oscilloscope

    Image Notes1. Capacitors

    Image Notes1. LEDS

    Image Notes1. Connecting Wires

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    Step 6: How to Build the Model? Step 1How to Build it?

    Wound the coils into 8 by 4 inches. There should be at least 35 turns. We used 35. Make two such coils. Remember to have some ends left out.

    Image Notes1. The coils ready.

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    Step 7: How to build the Model? Step 2Scrape off the edges of each coil's end. This will take off the insulation on them. Do this for every coil you have.

    Step 8: The CircuitThese are pictures of both the receiving coil and the transmitting coil.

    Image Notes1. Receiver Coil

    Image Notes1. Transmitting Coil

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    Step 9: Plug in the WiresPlug in all the wires as shown in the circuit. And Voila it works. You do need to mess around with the oscilloscope a bit though.

    Image Notes1. The circuit Connected completely

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    Image Notes1. LEDS

    Step 10: Watch it work!Watch the magic :) The greater the distance, the dimmer the lights.

    Image Notes1. The circuit Connected completely

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    Step 11: The Second ModelThe second model was pretty easy to build. We bought a solar panel from the market. Connected it to an led. We charged the solar panel using a class 2 laser for 5hours continuously to get a useful power output. And then used it. The model was made from Styrofoam. We covered it in black chart paper to give a space kind of effect.And the base we painted blue and green to signify the earth.

    Image Notes1. Class 2 Laser

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    Comments50 comments Add Comment view all 122 comments

    33327 says: Jan 1, 2014. 2:48 PM REPLYI live on a farm. How could I get energy from my solar panels about 1 mile away to my home. What is the most cost efficient way.

    jelte1234 says: Feb 4, 2014. 1:44 PM REPLYuse a wire.

    gravityisweak says: Aug 6, 2014. 9:58 AM REPLYThat's not very efficient. I don't think 2 miles of wire would be cheap either. You'd have such a voltage drop there would be nothing left. Why not justput some solar panels on your home?

    jelte1234 says: Aug 10, 2014. 8:02 AM REPLYIn comparison, it will definitely be. I don't know what sort of wire would be most cost-efficient though.

    the voltage drop would be less of a problem the higher the voltage is, so try to get the highest voltage possible. (and possibly down transforming itlater on again) this is the same reason the powerlines have several thousands of volts.

    lloydrmc says: Mar 18, 2012. 12:32 PM REPLY"We have, in fact, 163 billion barrels of recoverable oil-nearly six times higher than what President Obama and the Democrats like to claim. Lets think about163 billion barrels for a moment: that is enough to maintain our current levels of production and replace our imports from the Persian Gulf for more than 50years.

    "But oil resources offer only a glimpse of the full picture. As I noted earlier, CRS found that Americas combined recoverable natural gas, oil, and coalendowment is the largest on Earth. Its far larger than that of Saudi Arabia, China, and Canada combined."

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    howtowithmanish says: Mar 19, 2012. 5:15 AM REPLYWhile patriotism is great, nationalism which hinders science is not, it is an accepted fact that oil is running out and future generations will beat a lossunless a gradual shift to greener technology occurs, we can at a maximum stretch our current lifestyle to maybe 150-200 years with natural gas etc, butthe resources are non renewable and may not be affordable for all, it is foolish to think otherwise. Please follow me if you liked this Instructable.

    -Manish :)

    DragonDon says: Mar 20, 2012. 4:14 AM REPLYHI Manish,

    I love how you are doing this type of research. I think there is some severe positive implications and results than can happen from it! Best of luck!

    As for the claims, they are all baseless. In order to know the end of something, you have to know the total of it. That just isn't happening. Nooneknows how much of any amount of minteral/substance there is in the whole world. Period. A ludicrous claim by people who want to promote anagenda.

    That being said, I think Oil is a doomed tech simply because it is inefficient (I believe the number is something like 25% of actual usable power frominternal combustion engines?).People also either have forgotten, or simply not bothered to look but the first cars made were actually electric cars (re: The Electrobat).As for ancient technology, peopel who say it never happened are the people I want to see proof they were actually there. It is a shame that peoplesimply close their minds to possibilities. New ideas and proofs pop up all the time, disproving previously preconceived notions of 'what was'.

    Manish, I look forward to seeing what else you come up with :)

    static says: Mar 22, 2012. 1:35 AM REPLYNo one can't measure what they can't see or has a crystal ball that can predict future demand. However with those hindrances Hubert was ableto use the data available to him to predict when peak oil would occur with US production. From here on out when peak oil will occur is going to bea moving target, and chances even those who are watching for it may not note it until we moved beyond it Actually the what is considered the firstcar used a carburetor, the Electrobat came along about 9 years later

    DragonDon says: Mar 22, 2012. 3:04 AM REPLY'Moving target'? Is that the buzz-term people use when they want to hype up a date they can't possibly know? Wow. Delusion doesn't evenbegin to describe that.

    Now if we're all gonna get picky, the car is attributed to being patented by Luigi De Cristoforis in 1876. The first GASOLINE Carb was done byEnrico Bernard I in 1882.

    The first electric motor is attributed to Anyos Jedlik. The first electric vehicle (train) was created in 1842. The first electric two wheel cycle wasdisplayed in 1867 World Exposition.

    I am not concerned about commercial/retail. Electricity was in people's minds before gas. That is the point.

    barleysinger says: Aug 8, 2014. 11:02 AM REPLYIt was my understanding that the first internal combustion cars used a simple form of fuel injection, and that the carburetor (a hodge podge ofseveral systems, to handle idling, acceleration, decelleratiion, etc - instead of ONE device that does the job right in the first place) wasinvented later.

    Then again seed oils were used a fuel before gasoline/petrol back then too. Often the choice was hemp oil, because every farmer grew hemp(without all that hemp to make sails and ropes, the navies of the world - including all trade - would have disappeared, and that includes themerchant fleet that made the US rich on the triangle of "slavery, sugar and rum")."first electric motor" -

    Well now, that depends on what KIND of electric motor you mean. Early electro static motors were made by the Monk Andrew Gordon in the1740s (not useful). Faraday had a simple mercury motor in 1821 (again not useful - it was the first conversion of electrical energy intomechanical energy using electromagnetism). This was refined into Barlow's Wheel (Peter Barlow,1822 - again using mercury) and it was thefirst device made to rotate using electricity.

    Anyos Jedick had the first DC motor with electromagnetic coils in 1827 (with all its basic pieces - stator, rotor, commutator) but it was notusable for anything in that model - it is a 'proof of concept' model that looks like a roughly made toy.

    However it was Moritz Jacobi who made the first DC motor with any real output (1834). Sturgeon made the first DC motor that could runequipment in 1932.US Inventor Davenport created and patented the first direct-currentelectric motor made with the intention of commercial use (1837).But is was Jacobi (again) who made a better motor in 1838 than his first one was - good enough to run a boat and move people across ariver. However none of these were commercially successful until

    Then in an odd turn of events, in 1871, Zenobe Gramme made a new version of the of the dynamo (the anchor ring dynamo) which removedsome problems, and then he used one of them to create energy, used to TURN another one - and IT became the first VIABLE commercialmotor.

    .As for electric cars -

    The one that Anyos Jedick made in 1828 was a tiny model (not one you could drive in), and so was the one made in 1934 by ThomasDavenport.

    In 1835, Professor Sibrandus Stratingh (the Netherlands) & his assistant Christopher Becker created a small-scale electrical car, powered by

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    non-rechargeable primary cells, but not useful yet.

    Trouble was there were no rechargeable batteries yet - not until Plante invented the lead-acid battery in 1869.

    *** BUT ***

    The inventions that gave us seriously useful electricity (not just Faraday's laws) came from Tesla and AC electricity (the patents are his -indisputably), but he made the mistake of working with people who stole from him. Edison stole his AC electrical generation systems, andthen Tesla got screwed again when his temporary assistant Marconi stole radio from him. Mind you, Marconi was claiming to have inventedradio, at a time when Tesla had a simple remote control boat that use radio.

    Then again, Edison was a lot like Bill Gates - big on marketing, big on ego... after as much cash as he could get, and no ethics to speak of.Mostly he was very talented at convincing intelligent/talented people to work for him under contracts that said HE owned everything theymade... and keeping their work for his own profit. He was also very good at stealing other peoples inventions outright and getting away with it.

    static says: Mar 31, 2012. 11:13 PM REPLYI don't get it you used everything I admitted wiyh statements in association with my statement of "moving target, to attack "moving target".No hyping at all when it is a moving target because of so many factors that will effect the time when global peak oil does come about. Demand is unpredictable. Production projections unreliable, fortunes where lost believing production projections where reliable. So muchof those projections depends on an economy that allows the public to afford the higher costs of production. Much of the projectedproduction depends on the public's willingness to waste much more precious resources like water. Hydraulic fracturing while being usefor years with problems seems to be problematic when used with discoveries in different formations. I know you are not concerned about what was the first that lead us to the most widespread transportation method used today. I admit I misspoke when I said the first car useda carburetor. the fact of the matter remains the first car power plant used a fuel whose vapors mixed with air how that was achieved hasto irrelevant, carburetors took over the vaporization, and then fuel injection. Conceptually it would seem steam was on everyone's mind.Anyos Jedlik certainly made a contribution to our modern life but it wasn't the automobile.

    lloydrmc says: Mar 22, 2012. 2:47 AM REPLYCan you explain to me what you mean by "peak oil". I have heard things about this, and I would honestly like more information about it, from yourpoint of view. I promise that I am sincere in this.

    It depends on what you mean by "car". I found this page, which I found informative: http://www.ausbcomp.com/~bbott/cars/carhist.htm

    My understanding of the first Mercedes Benz (considered by some to be the first car) was that the fuel was vaporized in a externally heated tube.Thus, it didn't have anything resembling a carburetor. I admit that my recollection may be faulty.

    lloydrmc says: Mar 21, 2012. 12:57 PM REPLYWell, yes, in the early days of the "horseless carriage", all sorts of things were tried, including steam.

    I believe that we ended up with the (mostly) gasoline-powered ICE simply because that is the best solution. While there is some disagreement on theexact number, a gallon of gasoline is the approximate energetic equivalent to 36,650 watt-hours. Even at the efficiency level you cite (and theattendant higher efficiency of electric motors), that is an advantage that is quite difficult to overcome.At the present, state-of-the-art technology, it takes a $40,000 battery to take a car any appreciable distance, without being recharged in somefashion.

    Yes, I know that Chevrolet Volts don't cost that much to the consumer (aside from the debate as to whether 40 miles is an "appreciable distance),one commentator added up all the upstream, government subsidies of the volt, and they amounted to $50,000 to $250,000 PER CAR, depending onproduction, which hasn't been much (the production line has been temporarily shut down due to lack of demand).

    zabac70 says: Jun 17, 2012. 4:05 PM REPLYWe ended up with ICE (petrol/diesel/LPG powered) , because of Mr Henry Ford. Before him (his car factory , with moving production line andstandardized parts and production procedures) , cars were made like carriages - manually , one at the time , depending on a skill of acraftsmen and design , which made them very expensive. Therefore - great variety of different propulsion systems in early days. Mr Fordasked Mr Edison about system of propulsion(over a dinner , in some social event) - should it be electric (most of cars, or at least verysignificant percentage were electric in those days) and Mr Edison answered: go with petrol Henry ! (I don't have links to that anecdote , butyou can Google it...)Since than , all the efforts of car manufacturers were in the direction of ICE technology improvement , not in electrical energy storage direction(batteries or capacitors...) . There are new technologies in that field (i.e. NanoSafe - again : google) , but that isn't commercially available fromvarious reasons (mainly - because protection of current state of order of things and relations in world).

    static says: Apr 1, 2012. 12:04 AM REPLYI admit I misspoke when I said the first car used a carburetor but the first car that lead to transportation change used a means to mix fuelvapors with air, and is electric or steam. When I mention peak oil it's in the manner put forth by M King Hubbert. I believe the first sentence inthe Wikipedia article sums it up concisely "Peak oil is the point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached, after whichthe rate of production enters terminal decline". I agree petroleum is a magical substance, and man will be hard put to find a replacement thatmatches it's portability of energy. I don't believe I ever mentioned the Chevy Volt. Of course what's an acceptable range with any vehicle willvary with the needs of the individual, but I can see the Volt meetings the needs of many. As far as subsidies the Federal government hasalways subsidized new trends in one way or another. I don't know where Chevrolet messed up. Last I heard when the Volt production wassuspend the Nissan Leaf was selling well. Best I can tell the Volt is in effect a half-assed hybrid, and the Leaf may be a better version of theelectric car GM stopped building.

    rfakhre says: Mar 22, 2012. 10:42 AM REPLYI'm pretty sure steam engines pre-date electric ones. Are you sure the first cars were electric and not steam? Electric came before internalcombustion, but external combustion (steam) most likely was first.

  • http://www.instructables.com/id/Wi-Tricity-Wireless-Electricity-1/

    lloydrmc says: Mar 21, 2012. 1:25 PM REPLYI found a physics professor's web site that has a fabulous page about fuel efficiency, and how an ICE works:http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/pseudosc/200mpgcar.htm

    bigbob (wilson) says: Mar 20, 2012. 9:48 AM REPLYAgreed . Dragondon. I read in many other places where electric carswere already invented long ago but those with hidden agenda just killed it off. we must promote renewable energy like electric . many people havecome up with something practical but no financing. I do hope some rich guys out there will come in to help, eh ?

    lloydrmc says: Mar 21, 2012. 12:59 PM REPLYIt's the nature of the free market that if someone devises a superior alternative, the financing can be had. I believe that the "invisible hand" hasno hidden agenda.

    howtowithmanish says: Mar 20, 2012. 7:41 AM REPLYWow that actually means a lot. :) Thanks Follow me and you'll stay entertained. My next project will be on be a detective, fingerprint and footprintanalysis so stay tuned :)

    lloydrmc says: Mar 19, 2012. 10:24 AM REPLY"Accepted fact"? It is nothing of the sort, and how is this nationalism? The report cited actually attempted to enumerate worldwide reserves.

    howtowithmanish says: Mar 20, 2012. 2:11 AM REPLYUSA might have 163 billion barrels of oil remaining but that is numbered. Therefore the amount 163. Why can't they say infinity. Because It WILLrun out someday or another. That should be accepted. And due to the current speed of technological advancements, burden on these resourcesis increasing.

    lloydrmc says: Mar 21, 2012. 12:46 PM REPLYInteresting point about the "burden on these resources", as the advancement in technology also encompasses exploration for, extraction andproduction of fossil fuels.

    The post I read noted that we have had somewhere on the order of 22 Billion barrels of proven reserves since the 1940s. As technologyadvances, so does the recoverable supply. As prices increase, so does the feasibility of extracting more and more reserves.

    No, the supply is not infinite. And, believe it or not, I wholeheartedly support any privately funded idea as to what we can do and how, once theeconomics of fossil fuels play out.

    For instance, Wikipedia has a splendid page about growing algae and processing to use where fossil fuels are now - I even learned a few thingsthere. I noticed that one effort is being partially funded by Boeing. Yes, despite what one commentator might comment, it is possible to fuel anairliner with renewable fuels. It has even been done, on an experimental basis, more than once.

    I believe that this instructable is the very essence of what this site is supposed to be about: come up with an idea, experiment with it, publish yourresults (along with some ideas for improvement), and discuss in an open forum, with mutual respect.I believe that commenters here have all adhered to the "be nice" policy, even pointing out what they see as errors and shortcomings in a politefashion.

    Unfortunately, I am currently in a pitched battle in the comments section of another instructable ( http://www.instructables.com/id/HHO-car-adaptation/ ) with a couple of people whom, IMNSHO, *don't* get what all of this is about, and are attempting to stifle any and all discussion thatruns counter to their orthodoxy. Sadly, I admit that - in the face of unrelenting attacks - my own comments have devolved to the point that I'm notcomplying with the "be nice" policy as well as I would rather.

    At any rate, please keep up your experimentation, and please keep posting instructables. It is young people like you that give me hope for ourfuture.

    howtowithmanish says: Mar 21, 2012. 11:51 PM REPLYMy physics teacher in school yelled out the word "Sir" every time a student would solve a question correctly. It was his way of showingrespect. And today I yell out to you "Sirrrrrrr" Respect. Cheers

    -Manish

    lloydrmc says: Mar 22, 2012. 12:44 AM REPLYThank You, young man, for such high praise as to be compared with a teacher that you seem to admire.

    It means a great deal to me.

    Neolp says: Feb 4, 2013. 9:12 AM REPLYIt will be nice when the electric cars and or hybrids can just start self charging. Pull into your garage hotel parking space etc... and your car starts to utilizedthe wireless charger without any user interaction. A few years off true, but just like star trek items used, their ideas have created products some now considerto be neccessities in their daily lives.

  • http://www.instructables.com/id/Wi-Tricity-Wireless-Electricity-1/

    gravityisweak says: Aug 6, 2014. 9:59 AM REPLYIf the coils were in the road, the cars could charge while they drive... forever.

    afshaanmaz says: Jul 17, 2014. 9:36 AM REPLYWhat sort of copyright issues will I have to deal with if I intend to publish a paper or exhibit this device? Your group has retained the name... 'Wi-Ticity"... didu have to?

    Does anyone else have an idea about this?

    nerdtoob says: Mar 28, 2014. 10:58 AM REPLYI have honestly scoured the net to find a 500uf cap that small and they simply don't exist. Where did you get yours??

    howtowithmanish says: Mar 29, 2014. 10:12 AM REPLYHi NerdToob.

    I got mine from a store here in Pakistan. I think I remember seeing some on Ebay as well. Or maybe you could visit a home depot if you live in the US orsome electronics store in your area.

    nerdtoob says: Mar 28, 2014. 10:57 AM REPLYI have honestly scoured the net to find a 500uf cap that small and they simply don't exist. Where did you get yours??

    lbadri says: Mar 12, 2014. 6:52 AM REPLYHi ! Your project proved to be very interesting! What do you mean by high efficiency coils? Is there any technical name or a rating associated with it! Also is thecapacitor a variable one or fixed?WHat type of capacitor is it!

    nerdtoob says: Mar 28, 2014. 10:53 AM REPLYThe schematic symbol shows that it is a non variable no polarized capacitor.

    sai.desai.956 says: Feb 1, 2013. 11:19 PM REPLYhey admin i have buyed copper coil 22 gaug and i am trying to run a moter pls tell me do i really need to manke circut and use 2500UF capacitor just now iam oly using loop of coil

    nerdtoob says: Mar 28, 2014. 10:43 AM REPLYhe meant 500uf caps x2 I made the same mistake.

    Humayun2848 says: Mar 17, 2014. 1:26 AM REPLYYour concepts are good but you have more focused on just telling about Tesla coil, and nothing about how to make it.... please add a little more descriptionabout all the componants.

    Judes D says: Feb 5, 2014. 9:33 AM REPLY

    Rajyuvi says: Feb 3, 2014. 8:32 AM REPLYthanks

    -Gaia- says: Dec 10, 2013. 12:22 PM REPLYAlso, the capacitors used, are they Electrolytic capacitors?

    -Gaia- says: Dec 10, 2013. 11:10 AM REPLYWhat output of the frequency generator did you use? (Hz,V,A)

  • http://www.instructables.com/id/Wi-Tricity-Wireless-Electricity-1/

    geekostate says: Dec 6, 2013. 7:45 AM REPLYhow did u know whether the coils are in resonance......are there any formulas or anything

    howtowithmanish says: Dec 6, 2013. 12:16 PM REPLYBoth coils have the exact same design. For example the first coil is 8 by 4 inches with 35 turns. The second coil also is 8 by 4 inches with 35 turns.Hence, they resonate.

    One can do this with a circular coil too with radius of 4 inches as long as the transmitting and receiving coil are of the exact same design, they shouldresonate and hence work :)

    geekostate says: Dec 6, 2013. 11:38 PM REPLYthen why did u put those capacitors

    Gaurav genius says: Oct 19, 2013. 4:00 AM REPLYcan't this be done without an oscilloscope??

    akshaya ladwa says: Jan 7, 2013. 6:20 AM REPLYI HAVE AN IDEA HOW TO TRANSMIT ELECTRICITY BY THE METHOD OF MUTUAL INDUCTANCE I SEARCHED EVERYWHERE BUT DID NOT FINDHOW TO TRANSMIT ELECTRICITY USING DIFFERENT TYPE OF RADIATIONSEXAMPLE:- WIFI RADIATIONS, RADIO WAVES......ETC

    PLEASE UPLOAD SUCH PROJECT

    THANK YOU

    jobergy says: Aug 15, 2013. 7:21 AM REPLYYou mean like this?

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX9cbxLSOkE

    opemipo durodola says: Apr 30, 2013. 6:01 AM REPLYwoow a senior colleague made this for is final year project and it was cool he based his b own on phone charging through solar energy wireless

    nerd7473 says: Feb 4, 2013. 12:59 PM REPLYCool I am a fan of tesla

    zabac70 says: Jun 17, 2012. 4:12 PM REPLYWhy don't you try to build a few more receiving coils with the same resonance and see what happens if you put them around transmitter coil, or in a row ,one behind the other :)

    howtowithmanish says: Jun 17, 2012. 10:09 PM REPLYYeah that would actually help grasp the intersecting field lines theory. And those which weren't in the field lines would not light. :) Thank you for the idea.Please Rate this article and follow me if you liked it. :)

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