Why Teach Math?
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Transcript of Why Teach Math?
Teaching to the Standards: MathA Literacy-Based Approach for Students with
Moderate and Severe Disabilities
by Katherine Trela, PhD, Bree Jimenez, MS& Diane Browder, PhD
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Why Teach Math?
• Math Around Us• Historically taught Daily
Living Skills in Real-Life Applications
• IDEA (2004) and NCLB (2001)– increased expectations
NCLB
• Target might be alternate achievement in some states (extended standards)
• Teams determine what the student will learn and how to teach it
What Makes Math Difficult for Some Students
• Communication challenges– Math requires reading, writing, discussing
• Strategy deficiencies– Not being able to perform basic operations
• Lack of past instruction– Focus only on functional math like money
• Memory challenges– Math facts, math concepts
Solution: Collaborate with Those Who Know
• Collaborate with math and science teachers• Study state and national web sites on
curriculum content• Review standards for grade level• Review textbooks• Attend professional development in the
content area
What to Teach?
Teaching to the Standard: Promoting the learning of math skills that link
to the standards of the student’s assigned grade level
Which Standards?
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)
• Numbers and operations• Measurement• Data analysis and probability• Geometry• Algebra
Full Inclusion (IDEA) and Access to the Curriculum (NCLB)
• General educator guides what is taught• Special educator guides how to support access
to that instruction
Collaboration Is Key
Literature Review Categories for Math68 experiments (65 articles)
37 36
2 2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Numbers andoperations
Measurement Data analysis Geometry Algebra
2
Browder, D., Spooner, F., Ahlgrim-Delzell, L., Harris, A., & Wakeman, S. (in press). A comprehensive review of research to teach math to students with significant cognitive disabilities. Exceptional Children.
Evidence-Based Procedures
• Systematic instruction • Task analysis• Application in real-life settings• Concrete materials (graphic organizers and
manipulatives) to bridge to abstract concepts
Determine the Content with General Educators
Task AnalysisAnalyze the steps to solve the math problem
StoryWrite a story for the math problem
Concrete ManipulativesCreate a “graphic organizer” and/or other manipulatives to learn the math operation
Template for Teaching to Math Standards
• Assistive TechnologyDevelop student response board or select AAC device to ensure student participation
• Teach and Monitor ProgressTeach the task analysis using systematic prompting and feedback until student masters
Math Lessons
• Five Lesson Plans per unit• 2 stories per lesson• Same task analysis but different levels of
support• 6 Enrichment Challenges per unit• Monitoring Progress page
StandardBroaden Use of the Coordinate PlaneExpand Spatial Reasoning
Algebra Standard
Perform operations with numbers and expressions to solve problems
Use formulas and algebraic expressions to model and solve problems
(learn to use symbols and that X is an unknown)
Data Analysis Standard
Understand and use graphs and data to solve problems
Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena
Measurement Standard
Perform operations with numbers and expressions to solve problems
Challenge Activities
• Includes extension activities for more learning to create opportunities for students to use the new skills in their lives
Monitoring Progress
Key Features• Designed specifically for students with mod to
severe disabilities at middle to high school level
• Accommodates students who are verbal or nonverbal
• Embeds evidence-based practices• Uses stories to make connection between
math and real life• Teach in gen ed or in resource room
Teaching to Standards: Math
Examples for middle and high school conceptsTeach all or some One year to complete in pilot study (students
with autism and mod and severe intellectual disabilities )
Teaching to Standards: Math
For the InstructorInstructors Guide Story Map Posters (11)CD-ROM with PDFs for creating manipulativesTraining DVD
For the StudentsMathWork bookCounting chipsDollar bills